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Journal articles on the topic 'Accounting in Islamic countries'
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Hudaib, Mohammad. "Accounting for corruption within Islamic countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 741–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2017-0166.
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Purpose Despite the growing literature on corruption, little is known about what is happening in most Islamic countries. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to argue that focussing on the adopted politico-economical ideology such as neoliberalism contributes in understanding the root of corruption. Design/methodology/approach Critical realism of the state of corruption in Muslim countries and secondary sources available in the literature review help account for corruption within the local settings. Findings Corruption takes on various forms and functions in different contexts, and it can occur at the international and national arenas and at various layers of the state. The paper argues that the adopted neoliberal politico-economical strategy in Muslim countries is the main source of corruption. Research limitations/implications Corruption ranges from an act of payment that contradicts the law to an endemic malfunction of a political and economic system that may be attributed to individual moral or political or a combination of both. Hence, given the differences among Islamic countries, economic and political milieu case studies help explore the kind of corrupted leaderships in the particular country and how corruption is combated. Originality/value Corruption is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Accounting for corruption using neo-political lens is relatively new to the literature. Hence, this paper calls on accounting for evidence on how aspired autocratic leaderships in Muslim countries managed to personalise power and weaken the infrastructural apparatus that provide the necessary check and balance, thus facilitating the production of corruption on both the demand and supply sides.
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Altarawneh, Ghada, and Mike Lucas. "Understanding the dominance of Western accounting and neglect of Islamic accounting in Islamic countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 3, no. 2 (September 21, 2012): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17590811211265920.
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Velayutham, Sivakumar. "“Conventional” accounting vs “Islamic” accounting: the debate revisited." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 5, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-05-2012-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the arguments that the assumptions underlying conventional accounting are incompatible with Islamic values, hence the need for new accounting objectives and assumptions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts an analytic approach based on a combination of archival and bibliographic data sources. Findings – It is shown that this belief of incompatibility can be traced to misconceptions about the assumptions underlying “conventional accounting”. It is then argued that the neglect of Islamic accounting in Islamic countries could be attributed to Islamic accounting not meeting the needs of users rather than acculturation or economic dependency. Research limitations/implications – The study relies solely on the literature and highlights important issues in the area but does not provide any empirical evidence. The implications are significant for the future development of Islamic accounting and the economies of Islamic countries. The objective of accounting is to provide useful information for economic decision-making and the adoption of wrong assumptions would limit the usefulness of accounting information. Originality/value – Few scholars have questioned the assumptions underlying Islamic accounting, and this debate is important for the continued development of Islamic accounting. The paper also attempts to contribute to the debate on the poor adoption of Islamic accounting.
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Siswantoro, Dodik. "Sharia accounting standard for sukuk (Islamic bond) accounting in Indonesia." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 9, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2013-0040.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the need of Islamic banks for specific Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 110 for sukuk accounting in Indonesia. In fact, some Islamic banks have already prepared International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and accordingly, a suitable standard is needed for this case. Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology involved interview with a senior accounting manager of an Islamic bank focusing on relevant topics in sukuk to sharpen the analysis. Equally important, research reviewed and compared financial statements on sukuk accounting among Islamic banks, before and after adoption of sukuk accounting standard. FindingsIFRS require market valuation based on interest rate. As interest rate is unlawful in Islamic teaching, IFRS may not accordingly be suitable. Therefore, SFAS No. 110 was issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia). Considering the fact that this standard did not explicitly adopt the IFRS paradigm, there have been consequent conflicts in Islamic bank management because of preference of global recognition to IFRS. Adopting IFRS would be more compatible with other countries’ general accounting standards. In addition, significant differences are found in sukuk accounting treatments by Islamic banks before and after the standard adoption. Research limitations/implicationsThis research only focuses on such question of why specific accounting standard for sukuk accounting is needed by Islamic banks in Indonesia, while only few Indonesian Islamic banks were initially aware of the issue. Originality/valueThis paper may be the first paper discussing the response to and need for sukuk accounting in Indonesian Islamic banks.
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Ben Mohamed, Ezzeddine, Neama Meshabet, and Bilel Jarraya. "Determinants of technical efficiency of Islamic banks in GCC countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 218–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-12-2019-0226.
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Purpose This study aims to discuss the determinants of Islamic banks’ efficiency. It tries to explore the source of Islamic banks’ inefficiencies to propose solutions to guarantee an acceptable level of technical efficiency of such banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this objective, the authors use a parametric approach, especially, the stochastic frontier approach, using production function and panel data analysis. The authors apply a package Frontier 4.1 for the estimation process, which is composed of two principal steps. In the first step, the authors estimate Islamic banks’ efficiency scores in different GCC countries based on an output distance function. In the second step, the analysis highlights the impact of managerial-specific education on Islamic accounting and finance, scarcity of Sharīʿah scholars, the board independence and chief executive officers’ (CEOs) duality on GCC Islamic banks’ efficiency. Findings This study’s results document that managerial-specific education on Islamic accounting and finance and the board of directors’ composition, especially, the board’s independence, can largely explain the technical efficiency scores of Islamic banks in GCC countries. Especially, the authors find evidence that managerial-specific education is negatively associated with the inefficiency term. The coefficient of the Sharīʿah scholar’s variable has a positive sign indicating that the more there are Sharīʿah experts, the more the bank is efficient. In addition, CEOs’ duality seems to have no significant effect on GCC Islamic banks’ efficiency. Practical implications GCC Islamic banks need to improve the presence of independent members on the board of directors. In addition, these banks are invited to count more on Sharīʿah auditors and educated staff characterized by a high level of competency in the domain of Islamic banking and finance. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that highlights the effect of managerial-specific education in Islamic accounting and finance and scarcity of Sharīʿah scholars on Islamic banks’ efficiency.
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Tomkins, Cyril, and Rif'at Ahmed 'Abdul Karim. "The Shari'ah and its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis." American Journal of Islam and Society 4, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v4i1.2740.
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I. Relevance of the IssueBy far the majority of articles in the world's leading accounting journalstake as given the culture and religions of the Western world. Articles appearfrom time to time that make distinctions among accounting practices indifferent Western or ex-Commonwealth countries, but in so doing there isusually no need to re-examine whether the basic building blocks of accountingand finance are consistent with the cultures of those countries; that is taken asself-evident. A few authors have pressed further to show that it is inappropriateto impose unmodified Western accounting practices on developingcountries, while many others have illustrated the difficulties in harmonizinginternational accounting standards when they have to be applied to countrieswith different environmental business and social foundations.This line of development is followed in these pages to examine the situationin countries adhering to strict Islamic principles where the culturalbackground to business, and in particular the influence of religious law, arequite different from that in Western countries. It will be shown that differencesbetween the Islamic and Christian religions imply different societal rules ofbusiness behaviour, which further imply differences in operating financialorganisations, as well as in accounting for them and conducting financialanalysis. In fact, the impact of religious principles are so different in these ...
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Wahyudi, Muhamad, Sri Herianingrum, and Ririn Tri Ratnasari. "EXAMINING THE TREND, THEMES, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ISLAMIC ACCOUNTING USING A BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business) 8, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v8i2.34073.
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This study focuses on bibliometric indicators of Islamic accounting research development, such as trends in Islamic accounting research and its distribution, topics and themes in Islamic accounting research, significant contributors to Islamic accounting research, the pattern of collaboration in Islamic accounting research, and the most significant texts in the Islamic accounting literature. Four hundred eighty-three pieces of scientific literature were entered into the Scopus database for bibliometric analysis on January 10, 2022. Various programs were used to analyze frequency, metrics, and citations, including Microsoft Excel, VOS viewer, and Harzing's Publish or Perish. Over the last ten years, Islamic accounting publications have grown significantly and steadily. Islamic accounting literature is based in Asia, Europe, America, and the Middle East, and it can be found in social science, business, management, accounting, economics, and finance. With a few exceptions in Malaysian, Arabic, German, Indonesian, Slovak, and Turkish, the majority of Islamic accounting literature is written in English. The study also discovered that terms like Islamic bank, banking, Islamic performance, Islamic accounting standards, and Islamic finance are commonly used. The seven countries that contributed the most to the development of scholarly collaborations in Islamic accounting were Malaysia, Indonesia, the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, and Australia. This is critical in assisting academics in making recommendations for future study in the field of Islamic accounting.
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Kruzhkova, Irina, and Ahmed Dawood Hudayr Al-Obaid. "• FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING IN THE COUNTRIES APPLYING ISLAMIC MODEL." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 25, 2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2016-06.01.
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Al-Sulaiti, Jabir, A. A. Ousama, and Helmi Hamammi. "The compliance of disclosure with AAOIFI financial accounting standards." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 9, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2017-0144.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the compliance of disclosure with the financial accounting standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions’ (AAOIFI) related to Islamic financing products by Islamic banks in Bahrain and Qatar. Design/methodology/approach The study measures compliance using disclosure indexes. The disclosure indexes include the three financial accounting standards of Murabaha, Mudaraba and Musharaka. The data are collected from the annual reports of 24 Islamic banks in Bahrain and Qatar over a period of 2012-2015. Findings The paper found that Islamic banks in Bahrain and Qatar comply with AAOIFI financial accounting standards related to Murabaha, Mudaraba and Musharaka. However, there was a level of non-compliance in both countries. In addition, it found that the extent of compliance had increased over the 2012-2015 period. Also, the Murabaha standard had the highest mean of compliance. Moreover, the results showed that the Islamic banks in Qatar tend to have more compliance of overall Murabaha and Mudaraba disclosures compared to the Islamic banks in Bahrain. Research limitations/implications The findings are preliminary and highlight that the issue is of high interest to Islamic banks and AAOIFI. Hence, it requires a detailed follow-up to form a complete picture that would assist AAOIFI and regulators gear their policies toward better quality disclosure by Islamic financial institutions. Even though the findings are encouraging, future research is recommended to enforce compliance with the AAOIFI financial accounting standards. Originality/value This is a pioneer empirical study that focuses on the level and trend of compliance with AAOIFI financial accounting standards related to the Islamic financing products of Murabaha, Mudaraba and Musharaka standards, especially in Qatar. Additionally, it is the first study comparing between the only two Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, i.e. Bahrain and Qatar, that mandatory apply the AAOIFI standards.
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Arwani, Agus. "The implementation of IFRS in Indonesian Islamic accounting." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 21, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v21i3.1254.
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This research examines the IFRS implementation in Indonesian Islamic accounting. It employs a literature review method to systematically explain the accounting theory, the Islamic Financial Accounting Standards, and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study concludes that there is a conflict between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and some Islamic principles which has not been yet resolved. The Islamic accounting is also facing some complex issues related to the convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards in Indonesia due to incorrect implementation of IFRS in some countries related to the translation problems from English to local languages. The biggest problem in implementing IFRS convergence for business is dealing with the expenses spent for the development of knowledge, supports and trainings for consultants
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ÇETİN, Dilşad Tülgen. "Development of Islamic Finance in Non-Muslim Countries, Challenges and Recommendations." Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38057/bifd.1128903.
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The crisis-resistant structure of the Islamic finance sector and the rich fund resources of the Gulf countries attract non-Muslim countries as well as countries with a large Muslim population. The aim of this study is to examine the development of the Islamic finance sector in non-Muslim countries, to define the challenges encountered in these countries in terms of Islamic finance and to offer constructive recommendations to overcome these challenges. The scope of the study is limited to the UK, USA and Canada, which are among the top non-Muslim countries in the Islamic finance country index, and Luxembourg, which has broken grounds in Islamic finance in Europe. Incompatibility of legal regulations in non-Muslim countries with Islamic principles, lack of qualified Shariah advisors, insufficient standardization of Islamic financial products, incompatibilities in financial reporting and accounting policies are among the difficulties encountered. With the efforts of governments and international Islamic financial institutions to overcome these obstacles over time, Islamic financial markets in non-Muslim countries are expected to develop significantly.
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Sarea, Adel, and Monsurat Ayojimi Salami. "Does social reporting matter? Empirical evidence." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 29, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-09-2020-0088.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the level of Islamic social reporting (ISR) disclosure of Islamic banking in Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries using a checklist based on Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIFI) standards. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative method – Tobit Model – is adopted in this study. The unweighted disclosure method used to measure the ISR disclosure checklist consist of 51 items in Islamic banks (IBs) in the GCC countries. The stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory are used to investigate the possible banking performance factors affecting the accounting practices such as ISR disclosure in IBs. Findings The findings show that the ISR disclosure index is linked to the IBs’ performance indicators in GCC countries. The result indicates both Islamic banking profitability and age establish positive and statistically significant relationship with ISR disclosure while leverage establishes significant negative relationship with ISR disclosure. This implies that Islamic banking profitability, leverage, and age are essential bank performance indicators that make ISR disclosure worthy of doing even in the presence of Islamic bank stakeholders in GCC countries. This finding linked compliance with the mandatory disclosure recommendations of AAOIFI Standard No. 7, as well as voluntary disclosure. Research limitations/implications This study used cross sectional data for the year 2019, which is considered more recent despite its being a year data analysis. However, future research should consider mix method as well as more analysis tools provided their number of observations are sufficient enough. Social implications The study identifies the factors that may enhance Islamic financial institutions, including Islamic banking in GCC countries, to comply with ISR disclosure. The application of this study supports Accounting standards setters to consider standards that support ISR disclosure in Islamic banking in different countries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is novel in exploring the level of ISR disclosure in Islamic banking in GCC countries by using a checklist based on AAOIFI standard No. 7 and establishes the relationship between ISR disclosure index and IBs profitability, leverage, as well as age of Islamic banking in operation.
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Grassa, Rihab. "Islamic banks' income structure and risk: evidence from GCC countries." Accounting Research Journal 25, no. 3 (November 23, 2012): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10309611211290185.
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Siswantoro, Dodik, and Shahul Hameed Mohamed Ibrahim. "SHOULD ISLAMIC ACCOUNTING STANDARD FOLLOW TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)? A LESSON FROM MALAYSIA." Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 13, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v13i1.1736.
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<p>It has been clearly shown that financing based Islamic teaching has inherent<br />characteristics as well as its accounting. For that reason, it may not be so easy to<br />convert Islamic accounting standard into International Financial Reporting<br />Standard (IFRS) as it may violate some basic principles of Islamic teaching.<br />Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIFI)<br />still commits to have different accounting standard as it is based on the fiqh<br />(maxims). Furthermore, some countries adopt directly or indirectly the concept in<br />IFRS, for example, in Malaysia. This paper tries to show some evidences on<br />accounting standard which does not have a strong foundation of Islamic teaching<br />would like probably to change by its milieu, especially in the IFRS convergence<br />trend. This is because Islamic accounting standard itself merely based on “the<br />convention” of the so called Islamic scholars.<br />Keywords : Islamic Accounting, IFRS, and standard</p>
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Bechihi, Oumayma, Salem Lotfi Boumediene, and Olfa Nafti. "Compliance and Determinants of the AAOIFI Financial Standards: Evidence from the MENA Region." Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 207–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/apmaj.v16i1-09.
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This paper analyses the level of compliance of financial disclosure with accounting standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and its determinants in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Islamic banks. Based on 40 Islamic banks in seven MENA countries over the period 2010-2016, the authors used a disclosure index to measure the compliance level and the effect of governance characteristics and the Sharia Board on the extent of compliance with the AAOIFI accounting standards. Results show a high level of compliance (67%). Using the Feasible General Least Square Regression, we found that the presence of women on the board of directors, the reputation of the Sharia Board, and the cross membership of Sharia Board members are key determinants of compliance. While independence of board of directors is significantly associated to reduced financial disclosure. The research contributes to the literature on accounting and the Islamic banking sector. These findings will be useful for regulatory authorities to better- understand the accounting disclosure practices of Islamic banks. Although findings are encouraging, the sample is limited only to banks. Future researches could deal with a larger sample and review other disclosure items to ensure compliance with the AAOIFI standards. Few empirical studies have explored the determinants of compliance with the AAOIFI standards for Islamic banks in MENA countries. Therefore, this work complements and enriches the research in the field in the MENA region. Keywords: financial disclosure, AAOIFI compliance, Islamic banks, governance characteristics, Sharia board
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Aslam, Ejaz, and Razali Haron. "Does corporate governance affect the performance of Islamic banks? New insight into Islamic countries." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 20, no. 6 (July 13, 2020): 1073–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-11-2019-0350.
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Purpose Corporate governance plays a significant role to overcome agency issues and develop the culture of transparency and openness. In this context, this paper aims to examine how corporate governance mechanisms affect the performance of Islamic banks (IBs). Design/methodology/approach Stepwise, two-step system generalize method of moment estimation technique is used in the analysis in which control variables are added into the model sequentially. This study used data on 129 IBs from 29 Islamic countries (Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia) during the period of 2008 to 2017. Findings The findings suggest that the audit committee (AUDC) and Shariah board (SB) have positive impact on the performance of IBs (return on assets and return on equity). However, board size and risk management committee have negative and significant effect on the performance of IBs. CEO duality and non-executive directors have mixed relationship with the performance of IBs. These results support the argument that IBs need to improve their financial performance through appropriate governance mechanism. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study added a new dimension to the governance research that could be a valuable source of knowledge for policymakers and regulators to improve the existing governance mechanism for better performance of IBs. Originality/value The study fills the gap in the literature by addressing the issue of corporate governance on performance of IBs across countries. Agency theory is discussed to explain the relationship between corporate governance mechanism and performance.
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Al-Nasser Mohammed, Sulaiman Abdullah Saif, and Datin Joriah Muhammed. "Financial crisis, legal origin, economic status and multi-bank performance indicators." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-07-2014-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of Islamic banks in developing countries from 2007 to 2010 which includes the period of the financial crisis by empirically examining the way in which the macroeconomy affected Islamic banking performance (IBP) in developing countries. The empirical examination involves two approaches of measuring performance: Sharia-based and conventional-based performance measurement. Design/methodology/approach For this paper, the authors have utilized a Data Stream/Bank Scope database and data from the Bank Negara Malaysia (Malaysian Central Bank) to collect a panel set of annual financial information for Islamic banking from the year 2007-2010. The initial sample covers 34 Islamic banks from developing countries that are listed on the International Islamic Service Board. Furthermore, the authors adopted only those listed Islamic banks to tackle the data availability issue. The authors’ final sample comprised 136 observations with complete data as the numbers of Islamic banks in developing countries are low in comparison to their conventional peers. The financial crisis dummy follows America’s commonly used National Bureau of Economic Research timeline for the financial crisis. The authors also used the method of a generalized least square (GLS) method of pooled panel data analysis regression model. The rationale for employing the GLS technique was made on the basis of the ability of GLS to give less weight to the error term that is closely clustered around the mean, to improve the goodness of fit and to remove autocorrelation compared with normal, random, and fixed effect models. Findings The authors of this paper found that the macroeconomic factors reflected in gross domestic product, gross domestic product growth, and inflation rate have a significant positive relationship with the return on assets. In addition, a significant negative relationship was found between the financial dummy and IBP in developing countries. On the other hand, it failed to find evidence of a relationship between the macroeconomic factors and performance including the legal system and the financial crisis dummy, when the performance is reflected by the Zakat ratio. The result embedded that the financial crisis had an impact on the performance of Islamic banks in developing countries when viewed from the conventional banking perspective. The financial crisis played a role in reducing the profitability of Islamic banks which is consistent with a previous study by Hasan and Dridi (2011). However, in the view of Sharia, the financial crisis did not have any effect on IBP; even the macro factors did not have any effect on the level of performance. Research limitations/implications There are possible explanations for these contradictory coefficient signs. First, the contradictory signs of the coefficient for the same independent variable that was regressed with different dependent variables show that researchers would need to take caution in using the right indicators when measuring IBP. Conventional indicators bring different results in comparison to Islamic indicators (Badreldin, 2009; Mudiarasan. Kuppusamy, 2010; Zahra and Pearce, 1989). Second, Richard et al. (2009), having reviewed performance measurement-related publications in five of the leading management journals (722 articles between 2005 and 2007), suggested that the past studies reveal a multidimensional conceptualization of organizational performance with limited effectiveness of commonly accepted measurement practices. Accordingly, these studies call for more theoretically grounded research and debate for establishing which measures are appropriate in a given research context. Today, there is a general consensus that the old financial measures are still valid and relevant (Yip et al., 2009). However, these need to be balanced with more contemporary, intangible, and externally oriented measures. It has been argued that various researchers working in their own disciplines using functional performance measures (such as market share in marketing, schedule adherence in operations and so on) ought to link their discipline to focused performance measures of overall organizational performance. Practical implications Islamic banking has unique characteristics in comparison to conventional banking and this paper examines the differences between the two and also investigates the resilience of Islamic banks during a period of economic turbulence. Furthermore, due to these unique characteristics, a comparison cannot be made by using the conventional performance measures alone. In addition, amid the in-depth studies examining the resilience of Islamic banks during periods of economic crises, there are instances of theoretical disagreement in the extant empirical literature examining finance and economics. In that regard, the majority of the existing literature is either based on advanced markets or countries where the majority of the population practices the faith of Islam, and little is known about the performance of Islamic banking from the pooled emerging markets; particularly in developing countries. Originality/value Introducing Zakat as a performance measurement in Islamic banking context relating it to macroeconomic factors enhances the thinking of new research in Islamic theory about bank performance.
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Jannaha, Binti Shofiatul, Iwan Triyuwono, Aji Dedi Mulawarman, and Bambang Hariadi. "The Meaning Of "Accounting" In a Religious-Based Organization Context." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(41).
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Accounting, traditionally, had been caught up in understanding as a rational set of procedures for economic decision making (Williams & Ravenscroft, 2015; Staubus, 2000; Puxty & Laughlin, 1983). This approach is popular as the objective of the IASB framework. It has been accepted in many developing countries, including Indonesia which has fully adopted Western accounting practices (Mulawarman, 2011). Besides, a standard-setting board, the IAI (Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants), considers accounting to be neutral and applicable anywhere. Indonesian Islamic boarding schools, for example, have been forced to use conventional accounting. Even though, conventional accounting is irrelevant to apply in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools because it was created and used by capitalist Western societies (Kamla & Haque, 2017; Velayutham, 2014; Napier, 2007; Baydoun & Willett, 1995). We believe that the key to understanding accounting lies in the individual, namely "I" who implements accounting. Thus, to examine how the experiences of "I" shape their perceptions of accounting, this paper seeks to understand the meaning of "accounting" in a religious based organization: Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools. Keywords: Accounting, Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools, Transcendental Phenomenology
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Sharairi, Mohammad Haroun. "Factors that influenced the adoption of IFRS by Islamic banks in the UAE." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2017-0185.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the factors that influenced the current adoption of the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) by Islamic banks in the UAE. This paper examined the relationship between the theoretical aspects and practical components of the research investigation regarding the factors that influence the adoption of IFRS. This paper will contribute to the existing knowledge and practices in not only Islamic countries but also Western countries in terms of a deeper understanding of the adoption of IFRS by the Islamic banks and how the factors could influence the Islamic banking adoption, process, activities and financial reporting. Design/methodology/approach Several theories of regulation were considered in this paper to explain the existence of Islamic accounting regulations and understand why some of the Islamic accounting prescriptions became formal regulations, while others did not. Data was collected for this purpose by conducting a survey with professionals and managers of four Islamic banks in the UAE. Findings This paper revealed that factors, such as religion, culture and local investors, may have limited influence on the current adoption of accounting standards in the Islamic banks. Furthermore, this paper uncovered a concern among respondents of issues that developed when Islamic banks commenced the adoption of IFRS. This paper also indicated that respondents’ opinion does not reflect a perception that all IFRS are suitable for the application of Shariah transactions. Originality/value This study is unique as no study has yet explored the factors that influenced the adoption of the IFRS by Islamic banks in the UAE.
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Qizam, Ibnu, Misnen Ardiansyah, and Abdul Qoyum. "Integration of Islamic capital market in ASEAN-5 countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-08-2019-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and integration of Islamic stock markets across the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN-5) countries for economic community (AEC) development. Design/methodology/approach Using samples of daily closing prices from 2009 to 2014 across ASEAN-5 countries, co-integration and Granger-causality tests were applied. Findings This research finds that Islamic capital markets across ASEAN-5 countries remain highly integrated despite the global financial crisis of 2008, and it also finds the integration strength between Jakarta Islamic Index -Indonesia and Bursa Malaysia Emas Sharia-Malaysia Islamic capital markets to be the most influential across ASEAN-5 countries, while MSCI-Philippine Islamic capital market is the most vulnerable across ASEAN-5 Islamic capital markets. Research limitations/implications The overwhelming benefit of Islamic stock market integration across ASEAN-5 countries, and, even in a broader context, awaits further inquiry. Originality/value Islamic capital markets across ASEAN-5 countries are integrated regardless of the post-global financial crisis. This contributes to confirming cross-border integration policies, especially for AEC development.
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Othman, Norfaizah, Mariani Abdul-Majid, and Aisyah Abdul-Rahman. "Determinants of Banking Crises in ASEAN Countries." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 09, no. 03 (October 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993318500096.
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This paper attempts to estimate the determinants of crises on Islamic banking system during financial crises using early warning system (EWS) with particular focus on the element of profit–loss sharing. Profit–loss sharing has significant impact in reducing crisis probability experienced by the Islamic banking system. This suggests that profit–loss sharing may be considered as one of the risk mitigation techniques for bank to remain resilient during the crises. The results further show that full-fledged Islamic banks have higher chances of experiencing crises relative to the Islamic subsidiaries banks. In addition, economic freedom and overvaluation in the currency are more likely exposed to banks to the crises.
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Gharbi, Leila, and Halioui Khamoussi. "Fair value and banking contagion." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-12-2014-0042.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore empirically the impact of fair value accounting on banking contagion in a comparative context between Islamic banks and conventional banks. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of the impact of fair value changes on banking contagion is carried out through a panel data model. This study covers 20 Islamic banks and 40 conventional banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during nine years from 2003 to 2011. Findings Empirical evidence shows that there is a significant change in dynamic volatility in GCC banking sector because of financial crisis 2008. However, results fail to confirm the hypothesis that fair value accounting is significantly associated with an increase of banking contagion for both Islamic and conventional banks operating in GCC countries. Originality/value The outcome of this study provides some insights for academicians, accountants as well as regulators in terms of enhancing the effectiveness of accounting practices.
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Elhalaby, Sherif, Adel Sarea, Awwad Alnesafi, and Mujeeb Saif Mohsen Al-Absy. "The Adoption of AAOIFI Standards by Islamic Banks: Understanding the Microeconomic Consequences." Economies 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11020039.
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This study seeks to measure the microeconomic consequences of the adoption of the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards on the conservatism, financial performance (FP), and earnings management (EM) of Islamic banks (IBs). The study draws on data from 122 IBs across 22 countries over a period of eight years (2014–2021), using the generalised method of moments (GMM). The results indicate a positive impact of AAOIFI adoption on financial performance and conservatism compared to non-adopters. Our results further show that IBs that adopt AAOIFI are less involved in EM. After applying robustness checks (corporate governance, inflation, and mandatory adoption of AAOIFI in some countries), our results remain the same. The implications of the study are potentially valuable for those setting accounting standards (such as AAOIFI and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)), central banks, financial market regulators, investors, governments, and any adopting or non-adopting Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) through identification of the effects of AAOIFI adoption.
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Suandi, Aprilia Beta. "Classification of profit-sharing investment accounts." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 10, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2015-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the classification of profit-sharing investment accounts (PSIAs) under various accounting standards, and determine whether Islamic banks maintain uniform practices when the same accounting standards are applied. It also aims to determine whether Islamic banks consider investment account holders (IAHs) important financial statement users by disclosing necessary information pertaining to PSIAs. Design/methodology/approach A sample composed of financial statements from 63 Islamic banks from 15 countries is compared with respect to the information related to PSIAs. Findings The results show heterogeneity of classification for PSIAs. Applying the same standards does not lead to the uniform classification of PSIAs when banks apply International Financial Reporting Standards, while financial statements applying Financial Accounting Standards by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions are more similar. The perplexity in classifying PSIAs brings obscurity on the treatment for PSIA-related accounts, particularly returns attributable to IAHs. The fact of fewer disclosures pertaining to PSIAs in Islamic banks – which apply accounting standards not specifically tailored to Islamic finance – suggests that IAHs receive less attention under those accounting standards. Research limitations/implications The main limitation relates to the lack of financial statements available online and the possibility of sample selection bias toward larger Islamic banks. Originality/value This research contributes to the limited literature on accounting for PSIAs, and reveals the diversity of reporting methods for unique transactions in Islamic banks and the insufficiency of current accounting standards to guide them, which create possible challenges of comparability.
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Ayu Yunanda, Rochania, Mohammad Ali Tareq, Akbariah Binti Mahdzir, and Faried Kurnia Rahman. "NATIONAL CULTURE AND TRANSPARENCY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2019v10i1p101-109.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.
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Lakis, Vaclovas, and Daiva Baltušytė. "ISLAMIC BANKING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO BANKS IN THE WESTERN COUNTRIES." Ekonomika 96, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2017.3.11571.
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After the last banking crisis in the Western world, which provoked an economic recession in many countries, the attention to Islamic banking has increased. Islamic banking took a more important place in global banking, since the economic and financial crisis there was of smaller scope than in the banks of Western countries. The principles of Islamic banking are based on Shariah requirements, which emerged from the Koran. The most important fact is that Islamic banks cannot seek profit, which does not require any risk or efforts. They do not use any financial instruments, which are not covered by assets (derivatives). On the other hand, Islamic banks, while granting loans, assume all or a part of risk, if in the case of implementation of project some losses appear. They responsibly appreciate the possibility of granting the loans, the main goal of which is to finance projects and promote business development; they share the risk with the clients and value mutual cooperation. The goal of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of Islamic banking. The article investigates the formation of Islamic banking’s main characteristics and principles, its accounting peculiarities and the instruments that are applied. Research methods include the analysis of collected information, comparison, critical assessment and induction.
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Faizulayev, Alimshan, Isah Wada, Asset Sadvakasovna Kyzdarbekova, and Indira Parmankulova. "What drives the banking competition in Islamic finance oriented countries? Islamic vs conventional banks." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 4 (June 10, 2021): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-06-2020-0173.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the dynamics of banking competition between Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) in emerging finance-oriented Islamic economies, also known as the QISMUT + 3 (i.e. Qatar, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Bahrein, Kuwait and Pakistan). The main aim was to conduct a comparative market power analysis between IBs and CBs in the 2006–2015 period. Design/methodology/approach The study used bank-specific and macro-economic variables available in the Orbis Bank Focus and the World Bank databases. The study applied a dynamic approach to detect endogeneity problems and unobserved heterogeneity using the two-step system GMM estimate. Findings The research shows that market power persists in both types of banks over time. It also demonstrates that capital adequacy does not explain the market power of banking in the studied countries. Unlike IBs, the scale of banking does not influence the market power CBs. Corruption undermines competition in the conventional banking system. However, because of the ideological orientation of IBs, corruption does not affect their competitiveness. IBs outperform CBs in QISMUT + 3 countries in terms of banking competitiveness. They also have higher persistency of market power in the region. Practical implications This study is a very beneficial source of information that can provide effective guidelines for efficient productivity and improved competitiveness of IBs and CBs in finance-oriented Islamic countries. Originality/value The study is the first to compare the market power of IBs and CBs in this country classification. In addition, the study examined a large number of IBs and CBs to carry out this research.
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Alharthi, Majed. "Financial performance and stability in Islamic banks: Evidence from GCC countries." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 4 (2017): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4art9.
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The main objective of this study is to find the determinants of financial performance and stability for Islamic banks in GCC countries during the period 2005-2014. In this study the profitability is represented as three main indicators: the return on assets (ROA), return on equities (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM). On the other side, the stability measures are z-score and capital ratio. The statistical methods in this paper are generalised least squares (GLS) and generalised method of moments (GMM). According to determinants of profitability, the size of and stability of Islamic banks supported the return significantly and positively. For the external variables, inflation decreased profitability significantly while market capitalisation has significant and positive effects on profits. Arab Spring only decreased the NIM significantly but other profitability ratios (ROA and ROE) have net been influenced by Arab Spring. For stability, the financial stability indicators (z-score and capital ratio) found to be strongly important to each other. Lending service supported the stability significantly but affected the capital ratio significantly and negatively. Moreover, the listed Islamic banks were more stable than the unlisted Islamic banks whereas, the listed banks had lower capitals. The strongest advantage in this study showed that Islamic banks in GCC countries were well capitalised by the period of Arab Spring. Generally, the global financial crisis has no effect upon financial performance and financial stability.
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Alharthi, Majed. "Stability in Islamic, conventional, and socially responsible banks: Evidence from MENA countries." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 2 (2017): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i2c1p7.
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This study empirically estimates financial stability and its determinants in 40 Islamic banks, 168 conventional banks, and 8 socially responsible banks (SRBs) in MENA region during the period 2005-2012. The dependent variables in this study are capital ratio (equity to total assets) and z-score. The statistical approaches to find the relationship between financial stability indicators and their determinants are ordinary least square (OLS) and fixed effects model FEM). The results suggest that the SRBs are the most stable banks while, Islamic banks are highly risky. Moreover, conventional banks score the minimum capitalisation. The stability in Islamic banks is positively affected by ROA and age. Furthermore, the main determinants of capitalisation in Islamic banks are operating leverage, GDP, and market capitalisation. In conventional banking, size and profitability are important to stability. The capitals have effective associations with lending, ROA, and market development. In SRBs, banks achieve better stability in countries with higher inflation. This study could help bankers, policy makers and economists who focus on MENA region. The coverage of period 2005-2012 could be a limitation and the availability of data for the Islamic and socially responsible banks in MENA area could be another limitation as well.
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Kara, Mustafa Cemil. "Arising Interest in Islamic Finance and Its Taxation in the World and Turkey." Intertax 50, Issue 2 (February 1, 2022): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022015.
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Islamic finance experienced an increase in popularity following the 2008 global economic crisis. The participatory and sharing features of Islamic finance attracted the attention of investors, and created new opportunities for its use. Islamic finance products, which are free of all kinds of interest (Riba), allow investors to achieve increased diversity in their investments without compromising their religious beliefs. The increased implementation of Islamic financing is not difficult to understand, especially when countries need financial stability and growth. This article evaluates Islamic finance products from a global economic perspective. It also analyses Islamic finance’s contributions to financial stability and its impact on taxation. Finally, this article explores Turkey’s approach to using Islamic financing products. Islamic Finance, finance products, risk sharing, interest, financial stability, growth, speculation, taxation, developing economies
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Ilahi, Badar, and Fathur Rohman. "The Need For Sharia Accounting On Sharia Business Institutions." Muhasabatuna : Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah 1, no. 1 (June 4, 2022): 017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54471/muhasabatuna.v1i1.1701.
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Islam as a religion has been placed as an option and also its teachings are used as guidelines in the lives of human beings who embrace it. So that its existence has provided direction in the development of human civilization, especially in the fields of science and technology. The rise of thoughts, discussions and studies on Islamic economics, has had a major influence on the growth of sharia-based business systems in general and Islamic financial institutions in particular. The existence of such a system has been widely experimented with in several countries, such as: Iran, Pakistan and Sudan, as well as Malaysia, and recently Indonesia.
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Al-Haija, Elias Abu, and Mehveen Syed. "Islamic real estate investment trust: comparative study between emirates Islamic REIT UAE and Al Salam Islamic REIT Malaysia." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 6 (July 28, 2021): 904–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-09-2020-0273.
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Purpose The Islamic Capital Market (ICM) has witnessed tremendous growth over the years. One of the most interesting growth curves in the ICM instruments is that Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts (I-REITs). The purpose in this paper is to highlight the concept of I-REIT and to presents a comparative analysis for Emirates I-REIT and Al-Salam I-REIT of UAE and Malaysia to find out the implications of the major differences between the two countries I-REITs. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the data in the two I-REITs' financial reports from the years 2015 to 2019. A descriptive (Observational design) data analysis approach is used in comparing both I-REITs by focusing on five different variables that include: portfolio, governance, financial performance, Shariah compliance and risk management. Findings The findings offer evidence of key differences between the two countries regarding the I-REITs. The differences found in the implication for all variables that the paper presented, especially the size of the portfolio for each I-REIT along with the Shariah compliance and risk management, Al Salam “Malaysia” used more standard approach than UAE in which the SSB is responsible for setting the guidelines for Emirates REIT. Also, the risk management technique used by the two REITs differs from one another. Practical implications This research paper provides an insight for the capital market sectors as an initiative to improve and develop the ICM to play its important role in the economy. Originality/value This research paper is an initiative to compare and evaluate the implications of major differences between the I-REITs of the two countries only in the light of recent development in the ICM.
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Nanda Putri Ghassani Fildzah, Dini Rosdini,. "Comparison of Conservatism in Islamic And Conventional Banks in Indonesia And Malaysia." Jurnal Manajemen 23, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v23i2.475.
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Malaysia and Indonesia are two of the ten countries with the largest total assets of Islamic financial markets in the world. The religiosity of a company can influences one of the qualities of accounting. The accounting quality of a company can be measured from accounting conservatism. This study aims to determine the comparison of conservatism between Islamic banks and conventional banks. The samples are Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. The samples are 13 Islamic banks and 45 conventional banks so that the total sample is 290 observations. Data analysis using pooled least square regression. The result showed that conventional banks in Indonesia tend to be more conservative compared to sharia banks and sharia banks in Malaysia tend to be more conservative compared to conventional banks. Furthermore, changes in non-performing loans and changes in loan charge-offs have positive effect on conservatism.
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Mansour, Israa Jawdat, and Yousef Sa'adeh. "Evaluating Murabaha in Islamic Banks." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss7.573.
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After the collapse of the Islamic Caliphate in Istanbul and the loss of the First World War, Shari'a and Arabic as the law and language of the Muslim world were replaced with common laws and numerous European languages were introduced into the new Arab states. These events led to calls for reestablishing the shari’a for all aspects of life. Arab countries responded by constituting Islamic parties and institutions including Islamic banks. Islamic banks flourished quickly all over the world. Some consider this evidence of success. Most of the operations of Islamic banks (40%-80%) were in the area of Murabaha. Accounting and auditing standards were issued by the Organisation of Accounting and Auditing Standards for Islamic Financial Institutions in Bahrain (OAASIFI) in 1997 by translating the international standards so as to begin from where others reached. Many questions were raised about the lawfulness of Islamic banks operations, although there are shari’a control bodies in every bank, which make it necessary to investigate its activities. This is an analytical study of Islamic bank operations from a shari’a point view regarding Murabaha to the order of the purchaser concluding that it is far from shari’a’s principles and provisions.
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Mulyany, Ratna. "SOME NOTES ON IFRS CONVERGENCE AND THE ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INDUSTRY." Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia 7, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jai.7.1.1-14.
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IFRS Convergence has been a worldwide phenomenon with most of countries in the world are adoptingIFRS instead of their national accounting standards. At the same time, the Islamic finance is gaining its popularity in the present world with the increasing acceptance by international community. In relation to these two phenomena, there have been concerns that the establishment of Islamic financial institutions together with its own unique characteristics will impede the achievement of the global accounting convergence. Furthermore, the promulgation of accounting standards by Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), which is intended to fulfil the unique features of Islamic Financial Industry is viewed as a challenge to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which is promoted by the convergence agenda. Numerous complex issues emerge as result of the dilemmatic position of IFIs in retaining its distinct Shari’ah principles, while attempting to be part of the global financial system through adopting the IFRS. This study aims to describe some notes relating to the IFRS convergence and the development of Islamic finance. The objective is to outline the issues, not necessarily to resolve them, and to consider the implications they have for pursuing IFRS convergence in the context of Islamic financial service industry.
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Naveed, Farrukh, and Syed Zain Ul Abdin. "Corporate governance mechanism and the risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds: evidence from Islamic countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 1709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2019-0073.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate governance characteristics on the risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds prevailing in different Islamic countries (Pakistan and Malaysia). Design/methodology/approach This study used dynamic panel regression model for analysis and estimated the results using system generalized method of moment technique. A sample of 185 Islamic funds is used in the current research, which is selected using judgmental sampling. The data span of this study consists nine years from 2009 to 2017. Findings The results showed that the corporate governance characteristics such as board independence, directors and institutional ownership and overall governance quality are helpful in reducing the total and downside risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds. The findings also suggest that board size and Chief Extractive officer duality play no role in mitigating the risk of Islamic funds prevailing in both countries. Practical implications This study has implication for industry practitioners and fund managers. This study showed that the corporate governance characteristics are helpful in reducing the risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds. Therefore, this study provides input to the investment firms to improve the quality of corporate governance for lowering the risk exposure of mutual funds. Originality value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of corporate governance characteristics on the risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds and hence provides significant contribution in the literature of mutual funds.
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Calza, Francesco, Nadir Aliane, and Chiara Cannavale. "Cross‐cultural bridges in European firms’ internationalization to Islamic countries." EuroMed Journal of Business 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2013): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-07-2013-0038.
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Gharbi, Leila. "A critical analysis of the use of fair value by Islamic Financial Institutions." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2013-0037.
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Purpose This paper aims to address a specific question over the compatibility of International Financial Reporting Standards with Islamic finance regarding the use of interest rate as discounting rate in impairment testing and valuation techniques. Design/methodology/approach Inductive methodology and qualitative-narrative methods are used to explore the available texts and literature. Findings There are two main findings: first, the use of reference rate obtained in non-Islamic financial system is inappropriate from the Islamic perspective. Interest-based valuation techniques have not been adopted by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions in its adaptation of conventional accounting practices, and the majority of Islamic scholars argue against Interest rate benchmarking. Second, the authors suggest nominal gross domestic product (NGDP) growth rate as an alternative benchmark because Islamic finance, in its ideal sense, is based on and closely linked to the real sector. Moreover, recent studies show that there are no statistical differences between NGDP growth rate and nominal interest rate for most of the countries studied. Originality/value This paper highlights the accounting implications of the prohibition of interest for valuation techniques and raises the need of acceptable alternative pricing benchmark.
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Haliding, Safri. "The Critical Aspect on Fair Value Accounting and its Implication to Islamic Financial Institutions." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 1, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2014.013-05.
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Recently, fair value measurement and its implication in accounting standards have been increasing (Ramanna, 2006). One of the important aspects of financial reporting is measurement (Barth, 2007). Barlev and Haddad (2003) state that the fair value accounting(FVA) paradigm replaced the historical cost accounting (HCA) in the development of accounting standards that FVA is more value relevant that HCA probably did not provide the real financial information and income. However, previously studies mention that fair value accounting suffers from some serious limitations and disadvantages such as issues in market approach, income approach, and cost approach. Al-Yassen and Al-Khadash (2011) argue that accounting standard setters such as the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) UK and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) U.S as well as other national accountingstandard setters provide high attention and long-term ambition to use fair value accounting as full measurement in all financial instruments. Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) that have different objectives and principles as well as have different financial products with conventional financial institution. This paper tries to explore critical aspects of the fair value accounting andits implications to Islamic Financial Institutions implications. This study concludes that that fair value accounting measurement provides many critical aspects to be implemented to Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). Additionally, AAOIFI proposed cash equivalent value as respond to fair value measurement that cash equivalent value when the attribute condition are present such as the relevance, reliability and understandability of the resulting information. Furthermore, fully adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by IFRSIASB, there will no specific standards for unique functions of Islamic Financial Institutions. Inaddition, the paper may be recommended to work together among Muslim countries to unity the potential harmonizing one set accounting standards for Islamic Financial Institutions such as AAOIFI?s standards.
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Kamarudin, Fakarudin, Fadzlan Sufian, and Annuar Md. Nassir. "Does country governance foster revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks in GCC countries?" EuroMed Journal of Business 11, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-06-2015-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the impact of country governance on the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. The empirical analysis is confined to Islamic and conventional banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries banking sectors during the period of 2007-2011. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis comprises two main stages. In the first stage, the authors employ the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to compute the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. The authors then used the multivariate panel regression analysis with the ordinary least square and generalized method of moments as an estimation method to investigate the potential determinants and the effect of country governance on the revenue efficiency. Findings – The empirical findings indicate that greater voice and accountability, government effectiveness, and rule of law enhance the revenue efficiency of both Islamic and conventional banks. The authors find that regulatory quality exerts positive influence on Islamic banks, while the impact of political stability and control of corruption enhances the revenue efficiency of conventional banks. Originality/value – The study on the specific revenue efficiency concept of Islamic and conventional banking is still in its formative stage. In regards, majority of the studies that examined the effect of governance on bank efficiency have focused more on the corporate or bank governance that affects the governance within the institution. Thus, to the best of the knowledge, no study has been done to address the effect of country governance on the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks specifically on the GCC countries.
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Sahabuddin, Mohammad, Md Aminul Islam, Mosab I. Tabash, Md Kausar Alam, Linda Nalini Daniel, and Imad Ibraheem Mostafa. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation and Volatility Spillover between Conventional and Islamic Stock Markets: Evidence from Developed and Emerging Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020111.
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This study aims to investigate the dynamic conditional correlation and volatility spillover between the conventional and Islamic stock markets in developed and emerging countries in order to develop better portfolio and asset allocation strategies. We used both multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) and multi-scales-based maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) approaches to investigate dynamic conditional correlation and volatility spillover between conventional and Islamic stock markets in developed and emerging countries. The results show that conventional and Islamic markets move together in the long run for a specific time horizon and present time-varying volatility and dynamic conditional correlation, while volatility movement changes due to financial catastrophes and market conditions. Further, the findings point out that Chinese conventional and Islamic stock indexes showed higher volatility, whereas Malaysian conventional and Islamic stock indexes showed comparatively lower volatility during the global financial crisis. This study provides fresh insights and practical implications for risk management, asset allocation, and portfolio diversification strategies that evaluate stock market reactions to the crisis in the international avenues of finance literature.
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Masiukiewicz, Piotr. "Expansion of Islamic Finance in Europe." Journal of Intercultural Management 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joim-2017-0007.
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Abstract The development of Islamic finance, their crisis-resistance and possibilities for using experience of this sector in conventional banking industry are being subject of studies in many countries, also non-Muslim ones. In this paper the author presented the analysis of Islamic finance development and its determinants basing on examples from Europe. Such banks and investment funds have a growing share in European markets, which is confirmed by the latest EY’s data. Main obstacles to Islamic finance development include, among others: incompatibility of legal regulations in non-Muslim countries, low demand among Islamic diaspora in Europe, shortage of qualified Sharia scholars, unsatisfactory standardization of Islamic financial products and accounting policies. International Islamic finance institutions (incl. AAOIFI and IFSB) play a significant part in overcoming them. Particularly beneficial legislative changes were introduced in Luxembourg, Germany, Russia and in the United Kingdom. Emerging of other Islamic banks, increase in number of Islamic windows in traditional banks and further development of Islamic investment funds in Europe are to be expected.
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Tessema, Abiot Mindaye, Samy Garas, and Kienpin Tee. "The impact of Islamic accounting standards on information asymmetry." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 10, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-09-2016-0129.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether disclosure as required by Islamic Financial Service Board Standard No. 4 (IFSB-4) influences information asymmetry among investors in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries. In addition, the paper investigates whether the influence of IFSB-4 on information asymmetry varies between Islamic and conventional financial institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests the hypotheses using a sample of firms listed in the GCC over a period of 2000-2013. Ordinary least square regression and fixed-effects estimation techniques are applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings reveal that information asymmetry among investors is lower after the implementation of IFSB-4 than before, indicating that the standard has increased transparency. The results also reveal that information asymmetry after the implementation of IFSB-4 is lower for Islamic than for conventional financial institutions. This suggests that IFAB-4 promotes more transparency for Islamic than conventional institutions. Research limitations/implications Owing to data availability, we were unable to use other proxies of information asymmetry, e.g. bid-ask spreads, and the level of disclosure, e.g. self-constructed disclosure index. Practical implications The paper concludes that disclosures under IFAB-4 reduce information asymmetry among investors. In this context, this study increases the awareness of standard setters academics investors regulators and many other stakeholders about the economic consequences of disclosure standards in the region. Originality/value This study takes a first step to fill evident gaps in the literature by investigating the influences of disclosure standard on information asymmetry in a unique setting that is often ignored by accounting researchers, which helps to widen our knowledge on accounting practices across the globe.
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Grassa, Rihab, Raida Chakroun, and Khaled Hussainey. "Corporate governance and Islamic banks’ products and services disclosure." Accounting Research Journal 31, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-09-2016-0109.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of Islamic banks (IBs) product and services disclosure (PSD). Design/methodology/approach A computer-based content analysis is run upon the annual reports for a sample of 78 IBs operating in 11 countries from 2004 to 2012 to find the number of product and services statements. The levels and trends of PSD are identified. A regression analysis to identify the factors affecting PSD in IBs is also used. Findings The findings suggest that there has been a significant improvement of PSD over time. The results show a positive association between PSD and Shariah board size, board size, chief executive officer (CEO) tenure, duality in position, blockholders and investment account holders. However, they show a negative association between PSD and institutional ownership. In addition, it appears that board independence does not affect significantly banks’ PSD. It is also found that the bank performance, bank age, leverage, listing, adoption of international financial reporting standards, adoption of Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions and country transparency index have a positive effect on the PSD. Originality/value This study offers an original contribution to corporate disclosure literature by being the first to develop and investigate PSD for a large sample of IBs during a long period of time. It links P&S with bank corporate governance characteristics. The findings have many important policy implications. More specifically, this paper encourages regulators in the studied countries to improve corporate governance mechanisms in their Islamic banking systems through the optimization of ownership structure, CEO’s characteristics and the board’s characteristics, to promote PSD. Moreover, the findings support the theoretical predictions of the generalized agency theory. This study’s empirical evidence enhances the understanding of the corporate social responsibility disclosure environment in general and the PSD environment in particular for IBs. This study is the first one that measures PSD in the annual reports for a large cross-countries sample of IBs during a long period of time. It is also the first one that links PSD with IBs corporate governance mechanisms.
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Zineldin, Mosad. "Globalisation, strategic co‐operation and economic integration among Islamic/Arab countries." Management Research News 25, no. 4 (April 2002): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170210783188.
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Ben Jedidia, Khoutem. "Profit- and loss-sharing impact on Islamic bank liquidity in GCC countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (May 28, 2020): 1791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2018-0157.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of the principle of profit- and loss-sharing (PLS) on the exposure to liquidity risk of Islamic banks in Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries. The Islamic bank activity is distinguished by a PLS principle, which is likely to involve specificities in the bank liquidity issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the determinants of Islamic bank liquidity over the period 2005–2016 using a panel of 23 Islamic banks in GCC. The system of generalized method of moment estimators is applied. Findings The findings reveal that while profit-sharing investment accounts (PSIAs) are inversely proportional to Islamic bank liquidity, the PLS investment does not seem to act as a determinant of the bank liquidity. The fact that PSIAs are globally short-run accounts, but finance long-run projects leads to a substantial maturity mismatches, which limits the availability of liquidity buffer and exacerbates the bank’s exposure to liquidity risk. Moreover, capital adequacy ratio has significant and positive association with bank liquidity, as a strong capital ratio helps to strengthen the liquidity control. However, return on assets has a negative significant impact on bank liquidity. For instance, if the bank holds more cash, it deprives itself from placing funds and earning returns, which causes its profitability to decline. Practical implications This paper gives further insights to better improve the liquidity risk management in a context of scarcity of Shariah-compliant instruments. Islamic bank needs to determine the PLS purpose and goals to be consistent with the “bank’s financing policy” and convince its depositors to use their deposits for medium and long-run investments. Originality/value Unlike previous empirical research, this investigation tries to better grasp the Islamic bank liquidity issue by focusing on the PLS impact on liquidity risk. It aims to fill in the gap in the empirical literature on this topic.
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Ben Othman, Hakim, and Hounaida Mersni. "The use of discretionary loan loss provisions by Islamic banks and conventional banks in the Middle East region." Studies in Economics and Finance 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-02-2013-0017.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study earnings management practices of Islamic banks and conventional banks in the Middle East region. First, the authors examine factors that may influence Islamic banks managers' use of discretion in reporting loan loss provisions (LLP). Second, the authors investigate differences that may exist between Islamic banks and non-Islamic banks in terms of discretionary loan loss provisions (DLLP) used to manipulate accounting earnings. Design/methodology/approach – This empirical study uses an unbalanced panel data of 21 Islamic banks, 18 conventional banks with Islamic windows and 33 conventional banks, from seven Middle East countries during a period that ranges from 2000 to 2008. The authors use a two-stage approach in order to examine factors that may influence the use of discretion by Islamic banks' managers. Findings – The empirical results reveal that Islamic banks use DLLP for both earnings and capital management. External financing is also found to be a determinant of DLLP. Additional findings show no significant differences among Islamic banks, conventional banks with Islamic windows and conventional banks in using DLLP. These three groups of banks behave similarly in terms of discretion based on DLLP. Practical implications – The findings are potentially useful for regulators, auditors and investors. This study provides regulators with insights to strengthen their financial regulations in order to improve accounting quality. In addition, it helps auditors when considering the provisioning policies adopted by banks in order to detect specific manipulations of accounting earnings. The results may also help investors to focus on the impact of managerial discretion on accounting earnings for evaluation purposes. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on Islamic banking. On the one hand, it extends prior research by examining the discretionary component of LLP, instead of being restricted to total LLP. On the other hand, it compares the use of discretion among three groups of banks: full Islamic banks, conventional banks with Islamic windows and full conventional banks.
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Guermazi, Imene. "Investment account holders’ market discipline in GCC countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 1757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2019-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the two components of market discipline, investment account holder (IAH) monitoring and the consequent reaction of the Islamic banks in GCC countries for the 2004–2013 period, including the recent financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach We address the research question that Investment Account holders (IAH) in GCC countries suc as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Bahrain and United Arab Emirates (UAE) monitor their banks. Regression analysis was used to examine the dependence level of profit-sharing investment account (PSIA) growth rate on bank risk characteristics (CAMEL variables). Then, the reaction of banks by regression influencing CAMEL variables of one-lagged period on PSIA growth rate was verified. Findings The results provide evidence of the first component of market discipline, i.e. the IAH monitoring, in KSA, Bahrain and UAE. The common result to the three countries is that market actors are concerned with accounting information on capital adequacy. However, in UAE, they are also interested in assets performance, whereas they look more at earnings in Bahrain. The results show evidence of the second component in Bahrain; the bank reaction to IAH monitoring and subsequently IAH discipline in Bahrain. Finally, the results do not support any impact of the financial crisis. Research limitations/implications The sample size is small although it is constituted by banks having a sufficient number of observations. Practical implications This study highlights the importance of IAH discipline, which would help prudential bank monitoring by regulators and wealth development for both investors and managers. It should increase the disclosure of relevant information as for the part of effective accountability of Islamic banks’ governance. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on market discipline by dealing with Islamic banks. It is one of the very few studies to investigate IAH discipline in Islamic banks and the second component of market discipline, i.e. the influence of monitoring on banks.
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Mnif Sellami, Yosra, and Marwa Tahari. "Factors influencing compliance level with AAOIFI financial accounting standards by Islamic banks." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2015-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the compliance level of Islamic banks with disclosure accounting standards in some Middle East and North African countries, and most importantly to analyse the factors associated with compliance. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a self-constructed checklist of 203 items to measure the compliance of 38 Islamic banks with disclosure accounting standards during the 2011-2013 period. A multivariate regression analysis is used to determine significant factors influencing the extent of this compliance. Findings The results show a wide variation in compliance levels among the disclosure accounting standards and reveal that compliance is positively related to the listing status, the existence of an audit committee, the bank’s age and the country of domicile. Research limitations/implications This study analyses the compliance level with only disclosure accounting standards. It remains to future research to examine compliance with all Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions’ Financial Accounting Standards (AAOIFI FAS). Moreover, the explanatory power of the model remains modest. This connotes the existence of omitted variables that could be explored in future research. Practical implications The research contributes to the international financial accounting literature about the banking industry. The results are relevant for researchers, accounting professionals, stakeholders, standard-setters and regulatory bodies that are concerned with Islamic banks’ disclosures. Originality/value Although AAOIFI was established since 1991, very few empirical studies about compliance with the FAS have been undertaken. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies that investigated the determinants of compliance level with AAOIFI FAS. Then, this study concentrates on disclosure accounting standards (FAS 1 and FAS 5) with a high risk of non-compliance.
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El-Halaby, Sherif, Hesham Albarrak, and Rihab Grassa. "Influence of adoption AAOIFI accounting standards on earning management: evidence from Islamic banks." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 1847–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2019-0201.
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Purpose The economic consequence for adopting accounting standards is one of the growing and valuable topics in accounting research. The purpose of this paper is to address the question whether the adoption of Islamic standards that are issued by Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFIs) has a positive effect on the level of earnings management (EM) in the Islamic banks (IBs) setting. The authors measure, in general, the impact of AAOIFI for adopter and non-adopter banks. This paper furthermore investigates whether IBs adopting AAOIFI as compulsory or as voluntary adopters, in general, are being less engaged in earnings manipulation. Design/methodology/approach Using empirical data from 143 IBs across 26 different countries from 2014 to 2018, the paper uses a linear regression model and probit regression analysis that group the banks investigated in this paper into adopters and non-adopters. Additional probit regressions were performed to test to what extent the status of AAOIFI adoption (compulsory or voluntary adopters) has an impact of EM. Findings The adoption of AAOIFI generally is associated with a reduction in the EM level. Furthermore, adopter IBs for AAOIFI is least involved in EM as compared to non-adopter IBs. In addition, the findings of this paper indicate that IBs across countries that mandate AAOIFI standards are less engaged in earnings manipulation as compared to other IBs in countries that adopt AAOIFI as voluntary standards. Research limitations/implications The results reported in this paper provide insights to central banks and regulators regarding the prominence of mandates of AAOIFI standards for IBs to enhance the trust level of stakeholders by reducing the unethical behavior (EM). In addition, this paper supports the applicability of AAOIFI standards for IBs rather than the conventional standards such as IFRS or local GAAP. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the findings are unique at two levels. First, the paper provides evidence on the economic consequences of using AAOIFI in the context of IBs which was not explored by previous research. Second, the paper extends the investigation of the impact of AAOIFI adoption for adopters verses non-adopters, as well as for mandatory verses voluntary adoption of AAOIFI.