Academic literature on the topic 'Accounting Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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McKay, Clare, and Alex Gardner. "Water Accounting Information and Confidentiality in Australia." Federal Law Review 41, no. 1 (March 2013): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.1.5.
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A key objective of Australia's recent national water reforms is to keep water licence and entitlement holders accountable for the amounts of water they extract, trade and use. Water metering and the recording and reporting of water extraction and trading data are processes designed to ensure this accountability, and are central to Australia's water accounting regimes. Yet much of the data necessary to ensure compliance with water licences and access entitlements is not publicly available in Australia. This absence of publicly accessible information is due to a lack of rigour and transparency in statutory water accounting regimes. There are also restrictions imposed by water legislation and the laws of privacy and confidentiality that prevent public access to water accounting data, except in aggregated form. Consequently, commercial and industrial water consumers in Australia are not kept accountable for their consumptive water use and water market objectives are unfulfilled, contrary to the express provisions of the Intergovernmental Agreement on a National Water Initiative (‘NWI’). This article argues that statutory and policy frameworks for water accounting in most Australian jurisdictions fail to meet the NWI objectives for national water accounting. In response, it advocates legislative reforms that would facilitate the achievement of these objectives.
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Crockett, Michael, and Muhammad Jahangir Ali. "Auditor independence and accounting conservatism." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 23, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of the current legislative provisions that protect auditor independence in Australia. The collapses of several high-profile companies (Enron and WorldCom in the USA, HIH insurance and OneTel in Australia) in the early 2000s has raised questions about audit quality and independence. In response, regulators have introduced new regulations and guidance to improve audit quality. In Australia, the Corporations Act 2001 (2001) was amended via the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Act 2004. This study poses the question: do non-audit service fees influence the level of accounting conservatism? Design/methodology/approach – The sample used in this analysis consists of all available Australian listed companies from the years 2006 till 2010. Findings – Using multiple measures of accounting conservatism and the auditor-client economic bond, our results suggest that the level of the economic bond between the auditor and the client does not significantly influence the level of accounting conservatism. Originality/value – Our results demonstrate that the combination of intrinsic market mechanisms and regulation in Australia sufficiently protect auditor independence.
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Gavens, John J., and Robert W. Gibson. "AN AUSTRALIAN ATTEMPT TO INTERNATIONALIZE ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS." Accounting Historians Journal 19, no. 2 (December 1, 1992): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.19.2.79.
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In 1928, the beginnings were laid for the International Accountants Corporation and Bookkeepers Institute of Australasia. This was followed in a few years by the International Institute of Accountants. This was an ambitious move to internationalize the professional accounting organizations of the world from Australia. There was an immediate reaction in the United Kingdom and then from the established Australian national professional organizations. The account and analysis of the subsequent events demonstrates how established organizations will respond to threats of this kind to their power and position.
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Hossain, Md Moazzem. "Accounting for biodiversity in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 29, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-03-2016-0033.
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Purpose This paper aims to respond to recent calls by Jones (2014) and Jones and Solomon (Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2013) for more studies on biodiversity accounting and reporting. In particular, this paper explores biodiversity reporting of the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA), an Australian public sector enterprise. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses content analysis of MDBA’s published annual reports over the period of 15 years (1998-2012). Archival data (from different government departments) are also used to prepare natural inventory model. Findings The paper finds that although specific species, such as flora and fauna, and habitats-related disclosures have increased over the time, such information still allows only a partial construction of an inventory of natural assets, using Jones’ (1996, 2003) model. However, unlike prior studies that find lack of data availability to be the main impediment for operationalising biodiversity accounting, the abundance of biodiversity data in Australia makes it comparatively easier to produce such a statement. Research limitations/implications Informed by the environmental stewardship framework, the results of this paper suggest that the disclosures made by MDBA are constrained potentially due to its use of traditional accounting mechanisms of reporting that only allow tradable items to be reported to stakeholders. An alternative reporting format would be more relevant to stakeholder groups who are more interested in information regarding quality and availability of water, and loss of biodiversity in the basin area rather than the financial performance of the MDBA. Originality/value Although there are a growing number of studies exploring biodiversity reporting in Australia, this paper is one of the earlier attempts to operationalise biodiversity (particularly habitats, flora and fauna) within the context of an Australian public sector enterprise.
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Guthrie, James, Elaine Evans, and Roger Burritt. "Australian accounting academics: challenges and possibilities." Meditari Accountancy Research 22, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2013-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a thought-provoking, attention-directing diegesis about the quality of the experience for those working as academic accounting scholars. Design/methodology/approach – Using storytelling by the authors as narrators and a literature review, this paper examines challenges to, and possibilities for, accounting academics. Findings – The study reveals a number of possibilities for the sustainability of the accounting academy in Australia, all of which rely on the symbiotic relations between the three elements of the profession – practitioners, policymakers and academics – to prepare accounting and business professionals for the future. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to the Australian context of academic accountants and, therefore, the identified possibilities for accounting academics in other contexts may differ. Practical implications – This paper identifies the challenges for contemporary accounting academics in Australia and presents opportunities for sustainability of the Australian accounting academy. Originality/value – This paper uses a story to explore its overarching theme of the quality of the academic experience for accounting academics in Australia. The story is developed from the authors’ combined experiences of > 80 years as accounting academics who are also actively engaged with the profession.
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Carnegie, Garry D., and Brian G. Williams. "The first professors of accounting in Australia." Accounting History 6, no. 1 (May 2001): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103237320100600107.
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A range of contributions in the accounting history literature deal with “the first”. While such studies set out to identify key points in time in the development of accounting, they may also narrow perspectives on accounting's past. This study on the first professors of accounting in Australia seeks to clarify the historical record while, at the same time, pointing out the difficulties of the task. A call is also made to set such studies within the ambit of a theme identified by Carnegie and Napier (1996, 2000) as “comparative international accounting history”.
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Carnegie, Garry D., and Stephen P. Walker. "Household accounting in Australia." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 20, no. 1 (March 6, 2007): 41–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570710731209.
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Vardon, Michael, Manfred Lenzen, Stuart Peevor, and Mette Creaser. "Water accounting in Australia." Ecological Economics 61, no. 4 (March 2007): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.033.
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Jackling, Beverley, Paul A. de Lange, and Riccardo Natoli. "Transitioning to IFRS in Australian Classrooms: Impact on Teaching Approaches." Issues in Accounting Education 28, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50358.
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ABSTRACT: This paper outlines the impact that transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) had in Australia with reference to the teaching approaches across university accounting classrooms. The discussion begins with a short history of past rules governing accounting in Australia, followed by a review of the transition to IFRS in Australia. An assessment of the ways in which the Australian accounting academic community incorporated the adoption of IFRS into their curriculum is also provided. The review suggests that despite an initial period of foreboding from accounting educators, the transition to IFRS involved minimal changes in teaching approaches. We argue that there were missed opportunities to revise the curriculum, particularly at the introductory level, by adopting a framework-based teaching approach in line with the principles-based IFRS. The paper concludes with some observations about lessons learned from the Australian experience as a guide for accounting faculty in other parts of the world who are about to embark on the transition to IFRS.
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Game, Chantal S., Lisa M. Cullen, and Alistair M. Brown. "Accountability and financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks, 1837–1880." Accounting History 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373218759972.
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This study uses legal origin theory to consider the influence of the British imperial government on financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks. Accountability and patterns of financial presentation were explored through an examination of 192 quarterly returns and three annual returns for the Bank of Western Australia, Western Australian Bank and National Bank of Australia over the years 1837–1880. Findings from the study suggest the banks demonstrated a willingness to prepare forms of Western-narrow and Western-broad accounts. Early Western Australian banks consistently prepared timely financial statements to keep stakeholders informed of the banks’ quarterly returns. Despite the harsh economic conditions, Western Australian banks appeared to keep pace with the changing legal, political and fiscal accountability reforms carried out by the colonial government during this early settlement period of Western Australia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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McKenzie-Fowle, Stewart Myles. "Accounting for livestock." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36282/1/36282_McKenzie-Fowle_1995.pdf.
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Accounting for livestock activities affords particular accounting questions pertaining to asset valuation and profit measurement. The livestock industry impacts
significantly on the Australian economy, but accounting information produced by firms in the industry has escaped accounting regulation. Traditional accounting theory suggests that uniformity in reporting provides optimal
information for users of accounting reports and that lack of appropriate regulation results in diversity in reporting practices. Livestock represents one category of self-generating and regenerative assets
[SGARA] and the purpose of this thesis is to develop recommendations on livestock
accounting practices to assist in developing an accounting standard for SGARA generally.
In achieving this aim, the thesis considers existing guidelines developed by professional bodies in other countries, professional recommendations and research
papers produced in Australia and current Australian practice as revealed by the published accounting reports of Australian Companies. Despite the small sample available, published reports show marked differences in
accounting policies and in the level of disclosure. Classes of livestock held, and the purposes of holding livestock vary. Most firms in the Australian livestock industry are not reporting entities. The more
uncommon forms oflivestock tend to be held by non-reporting entities. Accordingly, accounting recommendations concentrate on traditional categories such as sheep and cattle. The major recommendation is the valuation oflivestock at net market value. Changes
in value influenced by entity management are reflected in profit or loss for the period. Unrealised changes in value resulting from movements in market prices are
transferred to a livestock revaluation reserve.
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Addison, Patricia A. "Receptivity to a proposed change in accounting education." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1995. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1196.
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This cross-sectional correlation study is concerned with accounting practitioners' receptivity to a propose change in accounting education; specifically, that the existing three year degree course be extended to four years. This change is proposed by the Accounting Profession in Australia. A model of accounting practitioners' receptivity towards the proposed change, at the adoption stage, was revised and adapted from a general model of teacher receptivity to any system-wide change. The revised model has one dependent variable, receptivity, which is measured in three aspects; overall feelings, attitudes, and general behaviour intentions towards the proposed change in accounting education. It has eight Independent variables, and a number of situation variables. These independent variables are; attitudes towards the structure and content of the proposed change, general beliefs about the change based on the expanding scope of accounting practice, overall feelings about the strengths and weaknesses of accounting graduates, overall feelings about alleviating fears and uncertainties of the proposed change, overall feelings about the practicality of the proposed change in the lecture room and tutorial room in two aspects, general behaviour intentions about expectations and achievements for the proposed change, and general behaviour intentions to support instructors and the accounting profession. The relationships between the dependent variables and the independent variables are examined in the context of a number of situation variables.
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Chan, Mui Ching. "Voluntary disclosure of segment information in a regulated environment : Australian evidence." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1319.
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This thesis is an empirical examination of the relationship between six firm characteristics, namely: firm size, industry membership, minority interest, financial leverage, firm diversification, ownership diffusion, and voluntary disclosure of segment information in a regulated environment. This study provides empirical evidence that there are incentives for Australian companies with specific firm characteristics to voluntarily disclose segment information in a regulated setting. The theoretical frameworks employed in this research study are agency theory and contracting theory. Compensation contracts are employed to resolve the potential conflicts of interest between the shareholders and managers giving rise to agency cost of equity. Debt contracts are employed to resolve the bondholders and shareholders/managers conflict giving rise to agency cost of debt. Management may voluntarily disclose additional segment information to reduce these agency costs. Compensation contracts and debt contracts align the interests of management with those of shareholders and debtholders. Managers are directly rewarded using a variety of compensation plans, such as stock option grants and stock appreciation rights. Managers have incentives to maximise firm value under these compensation plans as they may be rewarded with an increase in bonus payments and an increase in the value of their share options. In information costs (or proprietary costs), there are two forces influencing voluntary disclosure: (i) the cost of providing information and (ii) the corresponding associated benefits. Where there is a demand for private information by shareholders, debtholders and investors, its non-disclosure is likely to be interpreted as bad news and hence adversely affect firm value. Managers have incentives to voluntarily disclose additional segment information if there is a net benefit in disclosure. Certain industries may attract a disproportionate share of scrutiny from government agencies and special interest groups. These companies are more likely to voluntarily disclose additional segment information to reduce the likelihood of political costs. Political considerations include managers' concern about attracting explicit and implicit taxes, or regulatory actions. The six hypotheses in this thesis focus on a test of the contracting theory and agency theory. The firm size and firm diversification hypotheses are used as a test of the contracting theory, information costs. The industry membership hypothesis is employed to test the contracting theory, political costs. The minority interest, financial leverage and ownership diffusion hypotheses are used as a test of the agency theory. This study is based on a sample of 185 companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange top 300 shares. Univariate and multivariate tests were performed on the six hypotheses in this thesis. The univariate test results provide evidence to support voluntary segment disclosure is significantly related to firm diversification, minority interest and financial leverage but no support was found for firm size, ownership diffusion and industry membership. The bivariate logistic regression test results found statistically significant support that voluntary disclosure of segment information in a regulated environment is related to firm diversification and firm size. No support was found for minority interest, financial leverage, ownership diffusion and industry membership.
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Mignot, Helen R. "Users and accounting information preferences of government department financial reports." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/936.
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The introduction of an accounting standard requiring government departments to replace fund-type, cash-based accounting statements with business-type, accrual based accounting statements has led to criticism that business-type, general purpose financial statements do not take account of the information requirements of major users. Such criticism echoes a long standing debate in which the users of public sector financial statements and their informational requirements are analysed in competing models. One view suggests that there are many users with homogeneous informational needs, who can be classified into a few broad groups. The other view maintains that there are few users who have differential informational requirements. This research adds to the few empirical studies on the usefulness of public sector accounting statement information. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that users perceive that there is no difference in the usefulness of fund-type, cash-based; business-type, accrual-based accounting statements, and both cash and accrual combined accounting statements. Responses from legislators, citizen/ interest group members, and preparers to a questionnaire provides the data for statistical analysis. Test results suggest that there is only moderate support for the hypothesis that heterogenous users have different information needs. Strong support is found for the hypothesis that combined sets of statements as opposed to cash, or accrual are more useful. This conclusion holds for both the importance and useability dimensions of the construct perceived usefulness.
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Grace, Felicity. "(Dis)continuous disadvantage : accounting for money, gender and sexuality in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16170.pdf.
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Yau, Yeung Pui Yan D. "An exploration of risks in using cloud accounting information systems in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112366/1/Pui%20Yan_Yau%20Yeung_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an exploratory study on the risk management of using cloud accounting in Australia. Using the interview method, this research identifies the specific risks for the use of cloud accounting in organisations and proposes possible measures to mitigate those risks from the end-user perspective. This research provides an understanding on the special characteristics of cloud accounting information systems. The findings of this research will assist businesses with their decision-making in relation to the use of cloud accounting.
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au, sandy heldsinger@uwa edu, and Sandra Heldsinger. "Accounting for unit of scale in standard setting methodologies." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070717.160817.
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Substantial sums of money are invested by governments in state, national and international testing programs. Australia in particular engages at all three levels. There are number of purposes served by these programs. One of these is to report student performance against standards.
Standard setting exercises with respect to a particular assessment are commonly used by testing programs where there is a requirement to determine the point at which it can be said that students have demonstrated achievement of a standard. Several methodologies have been devised that use expert judgements to derive a numerical cut-score on an achievement scale. A commonly used standard setting methodology is one proposed by Angoff (1971).
The kernel of the Angoff procedure is the independent judgement of the probability that a minimally competent person can or cannot answer a dichotomously scored item correctly. This methodology typically involves three stages: orientation and training, a first round of performance estimation followed by feedback, and then a second round of performance estimation. In the orientation session, judges are asked to define a hypothetical target group. This definition is dependent upon the judges tacit understanding of the standard. For example, in the context of a mathematics test, judges would be asked to agree the skills the students should be expected to have mastered. Then they would be asked to envisage a student with those skills and to estimate the proportion of a hypothetical group of equally competent students (as defined by the expected standard) who would answer each item correctly. This proportion is the estimate of the required probability. Then the sum of these probabilities is taken as the raw cut-score on a test composed of the items.
Several studies, however, question the validity of the Angoff methodology because of the finding that judges were unable to perform the fundamental task required of them: to estimate the probability a student would answer an item correctly, (Shepard, 1995) even for groups of students who are well known to them (Impara and Blake, 1996).
In addition, standard-setting exercises invariably take place in situations where the reporting of educational standards has a high profile and is of political importance. To address the accountability requirements that accompany such a task, a wide range of stakeholders are invited to act as judges in the exercises. Inevitably, however, variability between the judges conception of the standard, as represented by the cut-score set by each of them, causes concern. Can the public have confidence in the standard set if the judges themselves cannot agree? Several studies report the introduction of further rounds of performance estimation and more refined feedback in an attempt to obtain greater consistency between the judges ratings (Impara and Blake, 2000; McGinty and Neel, 1996; Reckase, 2000).
In more recent studies Green, Trimble and Lewis (2003) report a study in which three standard setting procedures were implemented to set cut-scores and which required judges to synthesise the results to establish final cut-points. Green et al report studies such as Impara and Blake (2000) where convergence of results among multiple standard settings are used as evidence of validity of cut-scores, but note that while convergence may occur to a reasonable degree when variations of the same method are used, there are few reports of convergence when different procedures are used.
The distinguishing factor between the standard-setting exercises reported in the literature, which rely on judges tacit understanding of the standard and this study, is the existence of an explicitly and operationally defined standard. In 1996 the Australian Ministers for Education agreed to a national framework for reporting of student achievement in literacy and numeracy and arising from this decision was the drafting of benchmark standards against which the achievement of students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 could be reported. The benchmark standards are articulated in two components. Criteria describe the skills that students need to have acquired if it is to be said that they achieved the standard and sample work exemplify these criteria.
The setting of standards independently of placing them on a scale permitted a more rigorous assessment of the effects of different designs on the setting of cut-scores. Two different standard-setting methodologies have been employed in this study to translate descriptions of the standards into cut-scores. One draws on the Angoff method and involves the use of a rating scale. Judges consider the items of a test and indicate the probability that a student at the cut-score will answer each item correctly. The probabilities are in increments of 0.10, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0. The sum of the probabilities that a judge gives to the items is taken as the raw score cut-score from that judge. The second study involves a method of pairwise comparison of the same items together with items that are operationalised to be benchmark items. The judge has to decide which of each pair of items is the more difficult.
The results of the two benchmark setting designs appear to support findings from other standard-setting exercises reported in the literature. Namely,
i. Judges were unable to estimate absolute item difficulty for a student of prescribed ability.
ii. Where two different designs were used, there is no convergence in results.
iii. Ratings from different judges within each design varied widely.
To indicate the resultant discrepancy in setting the benchmark on the same test, the rating methodology gives a value of 16.08 and the pairwise a value of 7.10 on ostensibly the same scale. A closer examination of the judges ratings, however, suggests that despite the evidence of dramatically different cut scores between the two exercises, the judges were highly consistent in their interpretation of relative item difficulty. Two lines of evidence indicate this high level of internal consistency: (i) the reliability index for the pairwise data; and (ii) the correlation between the item estimates obtained from the rating and pairwise exercises, which was 0.95. In addition, the correlation of the relative item difficulties with those obtained from students responding to the same items was a satisfactory 0.80 and 0.74 for the ratings and for the pairwise designs, respectively.
The high correlation between judgements across the two exercises, in conjunction with the relatively high correlation of the item difficulties from the judges data and from the student data, suggests that problems observed in the literature do not arise because judges cannot differentiate the relative difficulties of the items. Accordingly, the unit of scale as assessed by the standard deviations of the item difficulties were calculated and examined.
The standard deviation of the items from judges in the likelihood design was half that of the item difficulties from the student responses, and the standard deviation of the items from the pairwise design was over twice that of the student scale. The substantial difference between the standard deviations suggests a difference between the units of scale, which presents a fundamental problem for common equating. In general, and in the literature, it seems that the unit of scale as evidenced from the standard deviations is not considered and it seems that it is simply assumed that the unit of scale produced by the students and the judges is the same and each design should be the same. Then if the results of different modes of the data collections do not arrive at the same or very similar cut-scores, it is not considered that this might be only a result of different units of scale.
In retrospect, it is not surprising that different formats for data collection produce different units of scale, and that different cut-scores result. In addition, it is not surprising that these might also produce a different unit of scale from that produced by the responses of the students. The reasons that the different designs are likely to produce different units of scale are considered in the thesis.
Differences in the unit of scale will inevitably have an impact on the location of the benchmark or cut-score. When the difference in standard deviation is accounted for, and the cut-scores are placed on the same scale as that produced by the students, the two exercises provide similar locations of the benchmark cut-score. Importantly, the thesis shows that these locations can be substantiated qualitatively as representing the defined standard. There are two main conclusions of the study. First, some of the problems reported in the literature in setting benchmarks can be attributed to difference in the units of scale in the various response formats of judges relative to those of students. Second, this difference in unit of scale needs to be taken into account when locating the standard on the student scale.
This thesis describes in detail the two cut-score setting designs for the data collection, and the transformations that are necessary in order to locate the benchmark on the same scale as that produced by the responses of the students.
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Lopez, Robert A. "Tax-effect accounting in Australia : the nature and treatment of the provision for deferred income tax." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1994. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1091.
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Tax-effect accounting has been controversy since its origin in allocation has generally been adopted the subject in the 1940s. Tax across the English speaking world, even though underlying basic issues have not been resolved. A review of the literature shows that issues such as: whether income tax is an expense; whether the provision for deferred income tax is a liability and whether the provision for future income tax benefit is an asset have not been resolved because of differing opinions as to what is an expense, liability or an asset. The development of a conceptual framework in Australia, which provides definitions of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, has provided an opportunity to reexamine some of the unresolved issues mentioned above. Since the conceptual framework, in SAC 4, defines an expense in terms of whether it increases a liability or reduces an asset the re-examination was directed at ascertaining whether the provision for deferred income tax satisfies the definition and recognition criteria for a liability. The results were inconclusive. However, it was possible to conclude that the provision for deferred income tax does not readily satisfy the criteria in SAC 4. An empirical investigation was then undertaken to ascertain whether selected user groups treat the provision for deferred income tax as a liability. The investigation surveyed investment houses, company secretaries, auditors and the parties to trust deeds. Evidence gathered suggest that investment houses and company secretaries treat the provision for deferred income tax all a liability. Auditors appear to regard the provision for income tax as a deferred credit; not a liability. No evidence was found that the parties to trust deeds treat the provision for deferred income tax In a systematic way. It is concluded that the parties to trust deeds do not consider the nature of the provision for deferred income tax when negotiating borrowing limitation ratio. It is hoped that the finding of this investigation will be highly relevant to any review of the standards on tax-effect accounting in Australia.
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Potter, Bradley N., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Reforming Australian public sector accounting: An episode of institutional thinking." Deakin University. School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.155728.
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In recent years in Australia, accounting reforms have been developed which have resulted in the application of commercial systems of accounting to diverse public sector organisations. The reforms, which include the requirement to recognise infrastructure and heritage resources as assets in financial reports, endorse financial notions of accountability and performance that have been traditionally applied within private sector, profit-seeking organisations. Such notions are applied to a range of public sector organisations for the first time, even though the primary missions or objectives of many of these organisations are social, rather than financial in orientation. This critical, interpretative case study, set within the context of not-for-profit public museums, seeks to enhance an understanding of public sector accounting change based on these unique social organisations.
The study examines three aspects of the reforms, namely, their development, their promotion and their defence. This examination is undertaken using the ideas contained in Mary Douglas (1986) How Institutions Think as the key theoretical construct. The supplementary perspectives of problematisation and epistemic communities are used to assist in applying the primary theoretical construct by explaining how, and by whom, these reforms were advocated and implemented in this specific instance. The study shows how the interpretation and application of the statements comprising the conceptual framework have shaped the development, promotion and defence of detailed standards developed for specific public sector organisations. In doing so, the study addresses two key research questions: (1) How were financial notions of accountability and performance of Australian public sector organisations constructed during the period 1976-2001 and articulated in the CF, once its development began, within this reform period? (2) How were these notions and other concepts of financial reporting outlined in the CF interpreted and applied in the (i) development; (ii) promotion; and (iii) defence of detailed accounting standards for not-for-profit public museums in Australia during the period under investigation?
The study demonstrates that the concepts of financial reporting outlined in the conceptual framework were used by a relatively small group of technical experts located in influential positions in accounting regulation and in other fields to justify the application of accrual accounting within diverse public sector organisations. During the period examined, only certain questions were posed and certain issues considered and many problems associated with the implementation of the reforms were not considered. Accordingly, a key finding of the study is that each aspect of the reform period was guided and constrained by institutional thinking. In addition, the study shows how the framework's content can be used to permit equally well-argued, but conflicting, accounting policies to be adopted and defended for the same items, indicating the framework to be of only limited value as a technical tool. This leads to another key finding of the study, namely, that the framework is best understood as a political tool, serving a crucial role in enabling accrual accounting reforms to be developed, promoted and defended within the public sector. Thus, the study seeks to offer an enhanced understanding of the nature and determinants of accounting change, and accordingly, it broadens an understanding of the use of the conceptual framework, as an institution, in developing, promoting and defending changes to accounting practice.
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Ruhupatty, Leroy. "The value relevance and reliability of information provided with respect to non-current assets under Australian GAAP." UWA Business School, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0031.
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[Truncated abstract] Following the introduction in 1999 of Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) 1041: 'Revaluations of Non-Current Assets' (Australian Accounting Standards Board 2001a), this study set out to examine the impact of the introduction of this new standard on: the number (percentage) of Australian firms revaluing various classes and submajor classes of non-current assets; and the value relevance and reliability of the information provided with respect to various sub-major classes of non-current assets. The study also set out to examine the apparent motivations for Australian companies electing the fair value (FV) basis, rather than the historic cost (HC) basis, for reporting property, plant and equipment (PP&E). The sample analysed in this study consisted of Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) listed firms that were included in each of the Connect4, Aspect Financial and Core Research Data (CRD) databases. After excluding firms not covered by all three databases and firms where there were missing data problems, 398 and 424 firms were left in the 1999 and 2002 samples, respectively. Of the 398 and 424 firms, there were 194 firms that were common to both sample periods and a separate analysis of these 'common' firms allowed a 'like-for-like' comparison to be made. The financial year ending June 30, 1999 provides data under the previous standard AASB 1010 (Australian Accounting Standards Board 2000) before the introduction of AASB 1041, while the financial year ending 30 June 2002 provides data under AASB 1041 (the new standard). ... At the disaggregated level (that is, for various sub-major classes of non-current assets), it appears that there was a decline in the number (percentage) of firms choosing to revalue investment property, property, and plant and equipment, while there was no change in the number (percentage) of firms choosing to revalue listed or unlisted investments. It appears that AASB 1041's requirement to revalue frequently when the FV basis was adopted discouraged firms from choosing the FV basis for some asset classes, presumably because the costs associated with frequent revaluations outweighed the perceived benefits. In terms of value relevance, the results suggest that where the variables of interest are scaled there was no improvement in the value relevance of the information provided by Australian companies following the introduction of AASB 1041. However, the results from the unscaled regressions do not support this conclusion and instead suggest that the introduction of AASB 1041 was associated with an overall improvement in the value relevance of the information provided with respect to the various sub-major classes of non-current assets investigated in this study. Resolution of this conflicting result is beyond the scope of this dissertation and is an issue worthy of future research. In terms of reliability, the results suggest that the introduction of AASB 1041 was generally associated with: an improvement in the reliability of information reported with respect to non-current assets reported at FV; and a deterioration in the reliability of information reported with respect to non-current assets reported at HC. Finally, with respect to the potential motivations behind a company's choice of the FV basis for reporting PP&E, the results suggest that firms are motivated to revalue PP&E to: improve their borrowing capacity; for signalling purposes; and to reduce information asymmetry.
Books on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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Leo, K. J. Company accounting in Australia. 2nd ed. Brisbane: Wiley, 1988.
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Pastoral accounting in colonial Australia: A case study of unregulated accounting. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.
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Olliffe, Bronwyn. Essential professional conduct: Legal accounting. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxen [UK]: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
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Olliffe, Bronwyn. Essential professional conduct: Legal accounting. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxen [UK]: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
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Olliffe, Bronwyn. Essential professional conduct: Legal accounting. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxen [UK]: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
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Kathie, Cooper, and Lee Janet, eds. Public sector accounting and accountability in Australia. 2nd ed. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2012.
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Funnell, Warwick. Public sector accounting and accountability in Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1998.
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Trequattrini, Raffaele. I principi di redazione del bilancio in Australia: Itinerario storico e profili evolutivi. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2000.
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E, Allen D. Some thoughts on a set of questions relating to dividend imputation in Australia. Joondalup, W.A: Edith Cowan University, 1997.
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Statistics, Australian Bureau of, ed. Balance of payments, Australia: Concepts, sources, and methods. 2nd ed. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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Craswell, Allen. "Australia." In Transnational Accounting, 69–167. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13233-1_2.
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Craswell, Allen. "Australia." In Transnational Accounting, 169–229. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13233-1_3.
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"The Australia# Accountant October, 1952." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 42–44. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-10.
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"THE AUSTRALIAN QUARTERLY." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 80. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-37.
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"THE AUSTRALIAN QUARTERLY." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 84. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-41.
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"An Australian Survey,"." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 201–6. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-98.
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"Serle. G.. The Creative Spirit in Australia. A Cultural History. Willis. Heine.ann Australia. 1987)." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 465. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-179.
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"J. K. Little was named chairman of the committee. The full comple-." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 208–19. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-100.
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"RECOMMENDATIONS." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 220–22. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-101.
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"And the Institute's committees on account-." In Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting), 223–54. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867519-102.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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Jones, Greg, Hazel Jones, Dom Pensiero, and Claire Beattie. "Enhancing students’ employability skills and experiential learning through integration of Xero software." In ASCILITE 2021: Back to the Future – ASCILITE ‘21. University of New England, Armidale, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2021.0116.
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Introducing XERO Accounting software into a core accounting unit can have many benefits for students, including improving their professional skills and enhancing their employability. However, it is important that students gain knowledge and skills in all aspects of the software as well as understanding the accounting processes that underlie the software’s operations. This paper presents an overview of implementation of Xero software, in a core accounting course, at a regional university in Australia. Student numbers ranged from 24-63 across the semesters studied. We highlight and discuss the processes adopted to appropriately scaffold students’ learning and assessment. We assess the effectiveness of the intervention by observing student engagement with specially developed videos and measuring student results in associated assessment tasks over three offerings of the course. The provision of a suite of learning opportunities, (training and use of excel and Xero accounting software) translated to improved student outcomes on the technologyrelated assessment items. Few students who viewed the learning videos contacted the course teaching team for further assistance, suggesting the videos were an effective resource that provided enhanced learning opportunities for students. These findings provide advice and information regarding the issues associated with integrating accounting software for other teaching teams or institutions considering similar applications in their courses or programs.
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Yang, Haolei. "A new model of international students educational decision-making: the case of Chinese students choices of major in accounting in Australia." In International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iaw-sc.2013.129.
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Reisabadi, Mohammadreza Zare, Manouchehr Haghighi, and Abbas Khaksar. "Stress Changes and Coal Failure Analysis in Coal Seam Gas Wells Accounting for Matrix Shrinkage: An Example from Bowen Basin, East Australia." In SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2019-198309.
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Joseph, Epoupa Mengou, Gambaro Chiara, Alessi Andrea, Terenzi Andrea, Vecchione Michela, Binaschi Marco, Di Salvo Salvatore R, and Norma Anglani. "A Case-Study for the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in an Offshore Platform by the Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources Through Innovative Technologies Coupled with Energy Storage." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207864-ms.
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Abstract Energy storage is entering in the energy distribution supply chain due to the global goal of achieving carbon neutrality in human activities, especially those related to energy production. Renewable energies integrated with energy storage play an important role in this framework [1]. The purpose of the study is to evaluate through simulations the impact of new renewable energy technologies in a microgrid to minimize fossil fuels consumption. The case study considers a hybrid microgrid including: a gas microturbine, organic photovoltaic panels (OPV), a point absorber wave energy converter, a vanadium redox flow battery and a load. The microgrid is placed in an offshore hydrocarbon plant near the northern coast of Australia. Firstly, Australian meteorological data have been studied and three seasons identified (named ST1, ST2 and ST3). Then a correlation has been established between meteorological data and OPVs performances, analyzing data collected on OPVs panels installed. This relationship has been used to assess OPVs potential production at the site of interest. Similar correlation was made between the performances of a wave energy converter placed in the Adriatic Sea and the wave power matrix, to determine a suitable power data reference for the potential production of a wave energy converter to the Australian coast. Finally, the behavior of the microgrid was modeled. Different scenarios have been considered and the best one with optimal meteorological conditions enables lead to drastically decrease of the use of gas micro turbine resulting in lowest CO2 emissions. In fact, the consumption of natural gas has been summarized as follow: Season 1 (ST1): during this season the load is entirely fed by the renewable sources and by the battery, with consequent zeroing of the daily consumption of natural gas. Season 2(ST2): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 10.73 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 987.16 Sm3/ ST2 (accounting for 92 days). Season 3(ST3): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 6.58 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 1006.74 Sm3/ ST3 (accounting for 120 days). The avoided CO2 emissions are 2062 tons/year. This case study showed how the new renewable technologies, such as organic photovoltaics and wave energy converter, coupled with a long duration storage system, can be conveniently applied in sites with limited space for the decarbonization purpose of an offshore platform.
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Furby, Suzanne L., Peter A. Caccetta, Jeremy F. Wallace, Eric A. Lehmann, and Katherine Zdunic. "Recent development in vegetation monitoring products from Australia's National Carbon Accounting System." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417320.
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Carneiro, Daniel, Sabine Powell, David Timmins, and Pier Bruzzo. "Reassessment of Dynamically Stable Pipelines Accounting for Potential Clashing With New Assets." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10604.
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Since mid-1980’s, guidelines permit the design of rigid subsea pipelines allowing significant lateral displacements under extreme environmental conditions. Such a design criterion might bring issues not foreseen in the original design when future assets are to be installed in close proximity — for example pipeline crossings, hot-tap tie-ins or parallel lines using the same corridor. Although not limited to any particular region of the globe, this issue has been showing increasing relevance in the Australian North West Shelf over the last few years. The combination of environmental and geotechnical conditions in that region has led to significant advances in engineering design techniques, and to audacious projects which made viable a number of important subsea pipelines which have been designed to be dynamically stable. As this oil and gas province matures, the installed infrastructure in the region forms part of an increasingly complex subsea network. The design of new subsea assets close to, crossing, or tying into these dynamically stable pipelines require the reassessment of the existing infrastructure for potential clashing conditions. This paper discusses the techniques and integrity criteria available for reassessing dynamically stable pipelines whose originally expected displacements may be incompatible with new required infrastructure. Although the criteria for confirming the structural integrity is, and has to be, grounded on established design codes, the assessment often require advanced engineering and state-of-the-art analysis techniques.
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Taylor, Suzanne, Mary Ryan, Jon Pearce, and Leonie Elphinstone. "ENHANCEMENT OF AUSTRALIA’S GLOBALLY ENGAGED UNIVERSITY SECTOR: BRIDGING CULTURES AND TRANSFORMING STUDENT LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT IN ACCOUNTING." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.0569.
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Chen, Chen, Keith Lovegrove, H. Pirouz Kavehpour, and Adrienne S. Lavine. "Design of an Ammonia Synthesis System for Producing Supercritical Steam in the Context of Thermochemical Energy Storage." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49190.
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Concentrating solar power plants typically incorporate thermal energy storage, e.g. molten salt tanks. The broad category of thermochemical energy storage, in which energy is stored in chemical bonds, has the advantage of higher energy density as compared to sensible energy storage. In the ammonia-based thermal energy storage system, ammonia is dissociated endothermically as it absorbs solar energy during the daytime. The stored energy can be released on demand (for electricity generation) when the supercritical hydrogen and nitrogen react exothermically to synthesize ammonia. Using ammonia as a thermochemical storage system was validated at Australian National University (ANU), but ammonia synthesis has not yet been shown to reach temperatures consistent with the highest performance modern power blocks such as a supercritical steam Rankine cycle requiring steam to be heated to ∼650°C. This paper explores the preliminary design of an ammonia synthesis system that is intended to heat steam from 350°C to 650°C under pressure of 26 MPa. A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model for packed bed reactors previously used at ANU is adopted to simulate the ammonia synthesis reactor. The reaction kinetics are modeled using the Temkin-Pyzhev reaction rate equation. The model is extended by accounting for convection in the steam to predict the behavior of the proposed synthesis reactor. A parametric investigation is performed and the results show that heat transfer plays the predominant role in improving reactor performance.
Reports on the topic "Accounting Australia"
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Kashyap, Varsha, Jill Hooks, Asheq Rahman, and Md Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan. Institutional Determinants of Carbon Financial Accounting Practices. Unitec ePress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.084.
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This paper investigates how and why firms affected by Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) are financially accounting for carbon in a voluntary setting. Using institutional theory, the authors seek to identify the determinants of a firm’s decision to adopt a particular carbon financial accounting practice. We identify the recognition and measurement practices for carbon-emission allowances using data gathered from the annual reports of ETS-affected firms in Australia. These practices are identified in the five stages of carbon-emission allowance transactions, namely, when these are: (1) received for free, (2) purchased, (3) used, (4) sold, and (5) surrendered. Inconsistencies in carbon financial accounting practices are observed. The findings reveal that carbon-emission allowances are recorded as intangible assets, but most firms provide incomplete information on their carbon financial accounting practices. Firms also exhibit inconsistencies in specifying how they are ‘recognising’ and ‘measuring’ carbon-emission allowances. The results provide evidence of coercive (regulation) and mimetic (size, leverage, and listing status) pressures being the main determinants of carbon financial accounting practice.