To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: According to the size and the method of crushing.
Journal articles on the topic 'According to the size and the method of crushing'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'According to the size and the method of crushing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zhang, Li Song, Xiang Zhen Yan, and Xiu Juan Yang. "Classification Prediction Method Used in Coal Crushing." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.268.
Full textAbstract:
Coal principal stresses with reservoir plane is analyzed, consequently coal seam crushed classification method is presented based on Hoek-Brown criterion. According to the coefficient of coal crushing, coal seam crushed coefficient size, four grades of A,B,C,D are divided for coal crushed degree along wellbore direction, and coal crushed classification standard is determined. Using the classification method and standard, the distribution regularity of coal crushing is studied for ZP-05 Well in QinShui basin. The research results show that coal crushing of ZP-05 is considered as grade B. The prediction results agree well with the measured values.
2
Wu, Zhong Wei, Zhi Feng Liu, and Jian Zhao. "Recycling Experimental Research of Thermosetting Phenolic Plastic Waste Based on Mechanical Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1708.
Full textAbstract:
Using adjustable speed crushing regeneration test device for the recovery experiment of thermosetting phenolic plastic waste, this paper analyses the principle of recovery process. Through particle size analytical technique, FTIR, XRD and SEM etc. various testing method is analyzed mechanochemical effects of crushing process. Research the speed, time, temperature process parameters of the influence of recycling process conditions. According to the experimental results, it established the mechanochemical model and analyzed the degradation and regeneration mechanism of thermosetting phenolic plastic waste.
3
Zhu, Zhong Xi, Gong Hui Liu, Jun Li, and Meng Bo Li. "Gas Drilling Cuttings Breaking on Return." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.151.
Full textAbstract:
More cuttings producing in higher penetration rate of gas drilling are usually in the larger non-uniform size at the bottom and in the smaller uniform size back to the wellhead. It is indicating that cuttings in the well should be appeared in the successive breaking in the process of upward migration. According to the particle broken theories, the successive breaking phenomenon were analyzed, and given the calculating method for the probability of secondary impact crushing, and applied the breaking process matrix and the particle size distribution function to the cuttings migration crushing in the whole wellbore. The calculating results show that the cuttings in the wellbore are broken by the uneven size volumetric fracture progressively turned into the surface fracture of the uniform process, and ultimately stabilized the small size distribution.
4
Xiao, Dong, Xiwen Liu, Ba Tuan Le, Zhiwen Ji, and Xiaoyu Sun. "An Ore Image Segmentation Method Based on RDU-Net Model." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174979.
Full textAbstract:
The ore fragment size on the conveyor belt of concentrators is not only the main index to verify the crushing process, but also affects the production efficiency, operation cost and even production safety of the mine. In order to get the size of ore fragments on the conveyor belt, the image segmentation method is a convenient and fast choice. However, due to the influence of dust, light and uneven color and texture, the traditional ore image segmentation methods are prone to oversegmentation and undersegmentation. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an ore image segmentation model called RDU-Net (R: residual connection; DU: DUNet), which combines the residual structure of convolutional neural network with DUNet model, greatly improving the accuracy of image segmentation. RDU-Net can adaptively adjust the receptive field according to the size and shape of different ore fragments, capture the ore edge of different shape and size, and realize the accurate segmentation of ore image. The experimental results show that compared with other U-Net and DUNet, the RDU-Net has significantly improved segmentation accuracy, and has better generalization ability, which can fully meet the requirements of ore fragment size detection in the concentrator.
5
Wang, Wei-Chien, Wei-Hsing Huang, Ming-Yu Lee, Hoang Trung Hieu Duong, and Ya-Hui Chang. "Standardized Procedure of Measuring the pH Value of Cement Matrix Material by Ex-Situ Leaching Method (ESL)." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040436.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) report, the ex-situ leaching method (ESL) is more appropriate and accurate than other methods for measuring pH value in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. In this study, the ESL method was used to measure the pH value of cement matrix materials. The design test process aimed to avoid underestimating the variation in pH during the process of solution stirring and pH measurement without using both argon and nitrogen to block the specimen contact with air, with good repeatability and reproducibility. This study also considered the influence of the dryness of the specimen before crushing, the size of the powder, the air-exposed specimen, the air-exposed solution, the temperature of the solution, etc. After testing and analysis, a standard procedure for detecting the pH value of cement matrix materials was established which is known as the S-ESL method.
6
Polievoda, Yurii. "Investigation of the process of peeling walnuts between two parallel plates." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(94) (November 26, 2019): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2019-3-14.
Full textAbstract:
The article provides a detailed overview of the process of splitting the kernel of a walnut. Examples of many ways to split the shell are given, all of their disadvantages and advantages are listed. The mechanical method of peeling nuts using low-frequency oscillations has been theoretically investigated and substantiated. The kinematics of the process of crushing nuts between two parallel plates has been extensively analyzed. Graphical correlations were obtained between the size of the nut shell and the dynamics of the driving force of the nut moisture. It is revealed that the process of destruction of the shell of a walnut consists of four stages, corresponding to the laws of brittle destruction. Presents: - dependence of the maximum force of crushing of a shell of a nut at 5% humidity; - the dependence of the maximum crushing force of nuts at different shell thickness for the case of horizontal positioning of the nut between two plates with perpendicular force on the surface of the joint halves of the nut; - the dependence of the maximum crushing force according to the humidity of the nuts at different shell thicknesses for the case of vertical positioning of the nut between two parallel plates with a vertical driving force; - the dependence of the maximum crushing force with the moisture of the nuts at different shell thicknesses for the case of horizontal positioning of the nut between two parallel plates with a force action along the slit. The energy of splitting (crushing) of nuts at their location in different positions between two parallel plates is also determined. Where it has been proved that the energy consumed in the process of crushing increases with the thickness of the shell of a walnut. At the same time, it is proved that energy consumption depends on the location of the nut in the process of crushing. Graph analyzes were performed to show that maximum crushing energy is recorded in the case of a horizontal arrangement of a nut with a perpendicular crack action. In this study, a large amount of information was obtained regarding the splitting of the walnut, depending on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the products, which in the process of processing are important for the determination of certain rational technological parameters.
7
Faghih, Mojdeh, Ebrahim Karamian, and Ahmad Monshi. "Investigation of Nanoparticles of Carbon and Calcined Alumina on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties in MgO-C Refractories." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.665.
Full textAbstract:
Today due to the unique properties of magnesia carbon refractories, the iron and steel industries are of special interest. Therefore, it is important to extend the life of the refractory. The effect of calcined alumina and nanocarbon on the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance against slag refractories magnesia carbon has been studied. Mechanical strength of cold crushing strength (CCS) was measured according to ASTM C0133-97R03 numbers. The bulk density (BD) and apparent porosity (AP) were determined respectively, relative to the size and weight measured using Archimedes method according to ASTM C0020-00R05 numbers and corrosion resistance against slag shrub procedure. Samples prepared at cylinder 50×50 mm were tempered on 250 °C for three hours. The corrosion resistance of the samples cocked on 1350 °C for two hours under reducing atmosphere (coke bed) was evaluated. During the review process of characterization methods, XRD, SEM-EDX has been used. The results showed that the properties improved.
8
Duan, Guochen, Boqiang Shi, Yanhua Shen, and Guoqing Yu. "Establishment of a Laminated Crushed Products Function and Numerical Analysis." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050819.
Full textAbstract:
A model of the relative compression ratio for single-particle crushed products, based on the distinct element method (DEM) and numerical analysis, was established to describe precisely the crushed products of granular particles during laminated crushing. The relative compression ratio model was used to describe the functional relationship between the total compression ratio and the single-particle compression ratio, which can be described by lognormal distribution. The single-particle crushed products model was used to describe the functional relationship between the single-particle compression ratio and the distribution of single-particle crushed products. The distribution of single-particle crushed products was described by a three-parameter beta distribution. On the basis of the above model, the function of laminated crushed products of granular particles was established. According to the simulation results of EDEM under confining pressure, a functional relationship between total compression ratio, particle size, and height of the granular particles for laminated crushed products of granular particles was built. It was proved that the function of the theoretical particle size distribution coefficient of laminated crushed products of granular particles was not too different from the actual value determined by simulation. The function is universal and can be used to provide a theoretical basis and a design reference for the design of cone crushers, high-pressure roller mills, and other crushing equipment.
9
Ishchenko, Kostiantyn, Volodymyr Konoval, and Liudmyla Lohvyna. "An effective way to rock mass preparation on metallic and nonmetallic quarries Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900031.
Full textAbstract:
A method in experimental studies and industrial-polygon particular conditions justifying the choice of a rational design of an explosive charge. The comparative results of the evaluation of the stress wave’s amplitudes studies and the character of crushing hard media from the explosion of the charge explosives-variable and constant cross section. The dependences of the particle size distribution of various designs explosive charges destroyed by the explosion are constructed. In industrial conditions, the rationale for the explosive boreholes location according to the massif structure. Adjusted boreholes location grid on rational parameters blasting unit, determined using a novel method of breaking rock complex structure. A new design of a combined borehole charge of variable cross section has been proposed. Industrial tests performed and evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method blasting locally fractured rocks and ore deposits on non-metallic minerals. Recommendations on their use are given.
10
Qu, Li Gang, and Hang Gao. "Fracture Analysis of Side-Gusset Plate of Combined-Roller Based on Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.137.
Full textAbstract:
The side-gusset plate is connector of the combined-roller, which is the key component of the High-pressure Grinding Roller equipment that is applied in crushing raw iron ore, Fracture occurred at the bottom of the side-gusset plate while the roller’s operation. For exploring the reason of fracture, the stress distribution and corresponding critical location of the side-gusset plate were computed and analyzed according to two working situations based on finite element method. The analysis result illustrates that it is the failure of infant mortality because of overloading, not belongs to fatigue behavior, with the presence of the component operating time and the fracture cross-section’s granular feature as well. This result is a reliable foundation for succeeding redesign and manufacturing of side-gusset plate and other component, the feasible plan was brought forward to improve the component operation’s stability.
11
Mehrabi, Sadrollah, Esmat Rasoli, Hamidreza Ghafarian Shirazi, and Amir Mehrabi. "Efficacy of electromagnetic lithotriptor in the treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones." Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 8, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jrip.2019.16.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The innovation of outpatient extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has created a revolution in the treatment of urinary tract stones. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of electromagnetic lithotriptor, in the treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones. Patients and Methods: In this study, 84 patients aged over 10 years, with renal and upper ureteral stones less than 20 mm, were considered for ESWL. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. In all patients, using ultrasound and fluoroscopy, stone was localized and using an electromagnetic machine by standard method, ESWL was performed with electromagnetic waves. ESWL started with 12 kV and was increased to18 kV, up to a maximum of 3500 shock waves. Two weeks later a kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray and ultrasonography was conducted and the success rate of lithotripsy according to the crushing of stones and decrease in stone size was measured and recorded. Results: In this study, 61.9% of patients were male. The mean age of patients was 46.62 ± 13.12 years. The mean size of stones in both groups was 13.4 ± 2.5 mm. Around 56.3% of patients had opaque stones and 43.8% had non-opaque stones. A total of 63.5% of patients received up to 3000 shock waves and 37.5% of patients received more than 3000 shock waves. Complete efficacy and clearance of renal and ureteral stones was observed in 54.8% and 59.1% of cases, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed a similarity in the success and efficacy of electromagnetic lithotriptor in the treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones. Additionally, the success rate of opaque and non-opaque stones have no significant differences, while stone size and proportion of shock waves will not increase the efficacy of the electromagnetic lithotriptor in crushing the stones.
12
Zhang, Jun Cui, and Li Cheng Wang. "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Rigid - Loose Coupling Bidirectional Vibrating-Crushing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1193.
Full textAbstract:
The vibratory crusher with two cavities and four jaws is a new superfine crusher, which is a nonlinear vibrating system with rigid - loose coupling. In order to make clear the dynamics performance of the crusher at work, a model of rigid - loose coupling bidirectional vibrating-crushing system is established, according to the structural characteristics and working principle of the crusher. By using four-order Carl Jung Kutta method,we have gained the time history of displacement, velocity, and acceleration, the displacement spectrum and the hysteretic impact force. From it we can see that the vibration of mass to the left and right side is asymmetric, and the impact of the mass on bulk materials of two sides is asymmetric, although the model is structurally symmetrical.
13
Ercins, Serdar, and Cem Şensöğüt. "Performance Analysis of the Explosion Applications Realized with Electronic Ignition System at Different Times in the Same Field." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss1.2020.406.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern world, the mining and construction sectors are developing rapidly and the need for engineering structures and substructures is increasing day by day. The quarries have been brought to an important place in the world within the scope of mining activities while the products needed by these structures are obtained especially from the quarries. Quarries are generally operated by forming benches according to the open pit mining method. In this production method, considering the state of geological structures in the field, the rocks (limestone, basalt, etc.) loosened by drilling and blasting applications are subjected to size reduction, loading and transportation processes. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to compare the performance of blasting applications of electronic ignition system together with developing a model that can analyze the performance of ignition systems. In the evaluation of blasting performance, issues such as bulk particle size distribution, crushing and grinding processes, environmental effects, increase in production amount after blasting and cost of blasting were taken into consideration
14
Ercins, Serdar, and Cem Şensöğüt. "Performance Analysis of the Explosion Applications Realized with Electronic Ignition System at Different Times in the Same Field." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v11i1.406.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern world, the mining and construction sectors are developing rapidly and the need for engineering structures and substructures is increasing day by day. The quarries have been brought to an important place in the world within the scope of mining activities while the products needed by these structures are obtained especially from the quarries. Quarries are generally operated by forming benches according to the open pit mining method. In this production method, considering the state of geological structures in the field, the rocks (limestone, basalt, etc.) loosened by drilling and blasting applications are subjected to size reduction, loading and transportation processes. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to compare the performance of blasting applications of electronic ignition system together with developing a model that can analyze the performance of ignition systems. In the evaluation of blasting performance, issues such as bulk particle size distribution, crushing and grinding processes, environmental effects, increase in production amount after blasting and cost of blasting were taken into consideration
15
Liu, M., and S. J. Jiang. "Research on the Milling Toughness of Black Silicon Carbide and the Repeatability of the Testing Results." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.225.
Full textAbstract:
The toughness of abrasive grits means their resistance against breaking under the effect of cutting forces. The commonly used test methods include single crystal static compressing, rolling crushing, mould pressing, as well as milling. In the national standard “GB/T 23538-2009 Conventional Abrasive Testing Methods for Toughness (ball mill method)”, it is stipulated that milling machine is to be used for the abrasive grits F8-F150 to determine their toughness. This method by milling includes testing steps as follows: take a certain amount of abrasive grits , together with steel balls of certain size and certain mass, into the ball milling machine rotating at a certain speed .When the specified total rotations are completed, measure the ratio of the unbroken grits to the total amount of the milled samples. This ratio is defined as the milling toughness of the abrasive grits. In this paper, the milling toughness of different sized black silicon carbide is tested according to the requirement of “GB /T 23538-2009”, and the repeatability of the testing results characterized by test standard deviation is discussed. The test results from different operators using different ball mass are compared and analyzed, and the factors affecting the milling toughness test results are researched. Some suggestions to improve the repeatability of the test results are given.
16
Carpinteri, A., and M. Corrado. "Nonlinear fracture mechanics investigation on the ductility of reinforced concrete beams." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 3, no. 2 (June 2010): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952010000200002.
Full textAbstract:
In the present paper, a numerical algorithm based on the finite element method is proposed for the prediction of the mechanical response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under bending loading. The main novelty of such an approach is the introduction of the Overlapping Crack Model, based on nonlinear fracture mechanics concepts, to describe concrete crushing. According to this model, the concrete dam- age in compression is represented by means of a fictitious interpenetration. The larger is the interpenetration, the lower are the transferred forces across the damaged zone. The well-known Cohesive Crack Model in tension and an elastic-perfectly plastic stress versus crack opening displacement relationship describing the steel reinforcement behavior are also integrated into the numerical algorithm. The application of the proposed Cohesive-Overlapping Crack Model to the assessment of the minimum reinforcement amount neces- sary to prevent unstable tensile crack propagation and to the evaluation of the rotational capacity of plastic hinges, permits to predict the size-scale effects evidenced by several experimental programs available in the literature. According to the obtained numerical results, new practical design formulae and diagrams are proposed for the improvement of the current code provisions which usually disregard the size effects.
17
Hu, Yang, Wanxin Li, Hualin Fan, Fangfang Sun, Jianfeng Ouyang, Zhanxin Qu, and Ning Kuang. "Experimental investigations on the failures of woven textile sandwich panels." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715598357.
Full textAbstract:
To reveal the deformation, strength, and failure modes of woven textile sandwich composites (WTSCs), test methods suggested by national standards were referenced and discussed to carry out flatwise and edgewise compression experiments, uniaxial stretching experiments, and three-point bending experiments according to the structural characteristics of WTSC. Strength and failure modes of WTSCs in flatwise compression and uniaxial tension were acquired. Anisotropy and size dependency of strength and failure modes of WTSC panels in edgewise compression were revealed. Strength of weft-compressed panels has few variations when the length is smaller than 60 mm and then decreases obviously when the length is over 60 mm, accompanying with the failure modes turning from crushing, fracture to buckling. Progressive crushing and bending fracture are two observed post-failure modes. Two competing shear failure modes and facesheet failure were observed in three-point bending experiments. Shear strength of the woven core of WTSC was deduced by beam flexure. To acquire facesheet failure mode by long beam flexure, the span should be above 36 times the thickness of the panel.
18
Rosli, N. R., Jariah Mohd Juoi, A. Shaaban, and N. F. Ayoob. "Characterisation and Properties of Sintered Recycled Glass Utilising CIP Method." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.245.
Full textAbstract:
Recycling glass is chosen as an alternative raw material in upgrading ceramic into glass ceramic. The main objectives are to determine the effect of sintering temperature and the recycled glass to ball clay weight ratio on glass ceramic produced from recycled glass. The recycled glass powders are prepared by crushing and grinding waste glass bottles to a particles size distribution below than 75 µm. The raw materials (recycled glass powder and ball clay) are characterised by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and its composition is determine by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The recycled glass powder are then mixed with the ball clay according to the ratio of SLSG to ball clay of 95:5 wt.%, 90:10 wt.% and 85:15 wt.%. Green samples of glass ceramic are then fabricated using Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) with constant pressure at 40 MPa. Sintering process is conducted at three different temperatures at 750°C, 850°C and 950°C with 1 h holding time. The sintered glass ceramic were then characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Results of physical analyses and microhardness testing conducted according to ASTM C 373 and ASTM C 1327 showed that better properties is achieved at batch composition compromised of 85:15 wt.% ratio of recycling glass to ball clay and sintered at 850 °C. SEM micrographs showed that samples produced from this optimum batch composition provide more homogeneous and dense surface. Furthermore, XRD analysis indicates that crystalline phases evolved during sintering contributes to the final strength of the glass ceramic. These encourage further development on the glass ceramic samples which intended for structural applications.
19
Flisyuk, E. V., S. S. Belokurov, I. A. Narkevich, O. M. Flisyuk, and D. Yu Ivkin. "The Analysis of Process of Crushing in the Vibrocavitational Homogenizer." Drug development & registration 9, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-4-53-58.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Vibration cavitation homogenizers are increasingly used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry – for the preparation of creams, gels to give them a homogeneous composition, and more recently for the extraction of valuable substances from plant materials. As we have shown earlier, a comparison of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, carried out in devices of various designs, under the same conditions for organizing the process showed that the most effective method was the extraction method in a vibro-cavitation field. Obviously, this is due to the fact that cavitation reduces the diffusion resistance of the process and, thus, increases the intensity of the process of transferring the mass of a substance from the solid phase to the solution. However, the extraction process in apparatus of this type is complex and is accompanied by crushing of seeds, which leads to a change in the dispersed composition of the solid phase.Aim. Conduct a theoretical and experimental analysis of the process of grinding hay fenugreek seeds particles in a vibrocavitation homogenizer, accompanied by the extraction of biologically active substances, as well as obtaining dependences that allow evaluating the contribution of grinding to the formation of the dispersed composition of the meal in this apparatus and determining the average particle size as a result of crushing. In earlier works, using the example of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, it was shown that an increase in the rotor speed increases the yield of biologically active substances. However, fine grinding of raw materials often leads to the formation of a sediment layer that pollutes the solution with ballast substances and complicates its purification, and also reduces the yield of biologically active substances, therefore, the study of this process is necessary to control the dispersed composition in order to ensure the highest extraction efficiency in devices of this type.Materials and methods. The first stage of the study was the theoretical analysis of the grinding process, since it is a special case of a large class of processes in which the dispersed composition of the solid phase is not constant. Therefore, in this work, for the mathematical description of particle grinding, a model is used that takes into account the kinetic features of the process under consideration. An experimental study of the extraction of valuable components from plant raw materials was carried out in a laboratory setup with a vibro-cavitation homogenizer of periodic action. As a raw material, we used fenugreek seeds purchased from LLC «Stoing», Moscow (Russia), which we used for research. Commodity analysis showed the compliance of raw materials with the requirements of the GF XIV edition. The initial, aqueous solution of ethanol (volume concentration 60 %) with fenugreek seeds was loaded into glass 6, in a volume of 0.2 liters, then the rotor of the apparatus was brought into rotation and brought to a given rotation frequency. The experiments were carried out at a rotation frequency of 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm (16.7; 50 and 83.3) 1/s. At each value of the rotor speed, the process time varied in the range from 0 to 50 minutes, and the process was carried out for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds. Studies carried out for 5 minutes or more showed that the dispersed composition of the meal practically does not change over time, but significantly depends on the rotor speed. Thus, after 5 minutes, a certain stabilization of the dispersed composition occurs and further residence of the material in the apparatus does not lead to a noticeable change in the dispersed composition. After each experiment, the meal was taken, dried, and sieve analysis of the dispersed composition was carried out.Results and discussion. Based on the results obtained by processing the experimental data according to the equation, the values of the average probability of particle crushing were calculated and, as it turned out, it practically does not depend on time, but depends only on the rotor speed. The dependence of the change in the average probability of particle grinding at different rotor speed was obtained. The analysis of these results showed that the value of the average probability of particle grinding in the cavitation homogenizer increases with an increase in the rotor speed, which is quite expected, since the frequency of contacts of particles with the working organs of the apparatus increases. In addition, the obtained dependence for the average probability of particle crushing is linear. This Expression quite accurately describes the values of the change in time of the relative mass of particles in the working range n = 16.7 – 83.3 1/s. Taking these values into account, the experimental and calculated results are in good agreement.Conclusions. The proposed approach and the results obtained can be used to assess the dispersed composition of particles obtained in other designs of devices of similar action.
20
Wang, Jinshui, Yanli Yin, and Feng Jia. "Impact of ultrasound treatment on molecular structures of casein." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v2i2.1702.
Full textAbstract:
Casein was modified by ultrasound treatment (160W, 400 W)and the structural characteristics of casein (control), USC-1 (160W of ultrasound treated casein) and USC-2 (400W of ultrasound treated casein) were investigated. Ultrasound treatment resulted in increase in the numbers of protein bands of casein in region of low molecular weight according to SDS-PAGE pattern. The relative percentage of the proteins with molecular mass (MM) of over 30 kD in USC-1 and USC-2 significantly decreased compared with control sample. Coupled with this is the relative percentage of the proteins with MM of region 20 kD-30 kD for the ultrasonic-treated caseins increased. Contents of α-helix, β-sheet and random coil of casein for USC-1 and USC-2 decreased compared with control. While, β-turn content for USC-1 and USC-2 increased. Ratio of α-helix to β-sheet in USC-1 and USC-2 significantly decreased (from 0.70 to 0.47 and 0.46). Ultrasound treatment had a strong crushing action of surface of the casein micelle and resulted in its structural disruption. Particle size distribution range of casein was approximately 0.5-70 μm, Particle size of USC-1 and USC-2 was less than 30μm. D (50), D (4, 3) as well as D (3, 2) for USC-1 and USC-2 reduced compared with the control. The ratio of D (4, 3) to D (3, 2) also decreased with increase of ultrasonic intensity. This study demonstrated that ultrasound treatment could be an effective method for modification of casein structure. This modification is the basis on improvement in functional properties.
21
Silva, Bruna Sanches, and Marcio Schmiele. "From olive to olive oil: a general approach." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e32210313408. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13408.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to carry out a systematic literature review about olives, extraction methods, physical and chemical characterization and identity and quality parameters of olive oils, as well as technological alternatives for using by-products. Olive oil is the oil extracted from the ripe fruits of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Trees have been cultivated in the Mediterranean Region for several centuries and thousands of cultivars differ by weight, size and chemical characteristics of the fruits. Currently, olive oil is produced worldwide and the olive plant was recently introduced in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The lipid content is mostly composed of oleic acid and smaller fractions of phenolic compounds, phytosterols and pigments, substances with antioxidant and bioactive activities that promote oxidative stability of the oil and beneficial effects on human health. The main extraction of olive oil consists of crushing, pressing and centrifuging, generating by-products that can be reused for recovery of compounds or generation of new products in the food industry. After extraction, the oil is submitted to several physical and chemical analyzes to define the identity and quality parameters, according to international standards. The main characteristics that define the quality of olive oil are free acidity, peroxide index, specific extinction index, instrumental color and fatty acids profile.
22
Rybakov, Vladimir, Anatoly Seliverstov, Denis Petrov, Andrei Smirnov, and Anna Volkova. "Lightweight steel concrete structures slab panels load-bearing capacity." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824508008.
Full textAbstract:
Lightweight steel concrete structures (LSCS) - an innovative building structure type that can be used both as load-bearing and as enclosing one. They consist of profiled steel usually galvanized and cold-bent - filled with a monolithic foam concrete with a 200kg/m3 density, and with fiber cement sheets sheathing. These structures can be used in industrial and civil buildings as internal and external bearing and enclosing wall structures, and as slabs. According to the LSCS production method, prefabricated panels (walls and slabs) and building site performed constructions are distinguished. The article presents the LSCS subspecies, representing slabs panels made of galvanized profiled steel, density medium grade D400 monolithic foam concrete and sheets “Steklotsem” sheathing, bearing capacity experimental studies results. The paper confirms that such panels can be used in civil buildings and withstand the appropriate load, regulated by the current codes and rules. Moreover, it has been experimentally proved that the foam concrete, despite its own extremely low strength class, actually includes in the operation, preventing such effects as stability local loss, crushing and profile steel elements cross-section warping and increases the slabs overall load capacity by 20-25%.
23
Simonsen, Bo Cerup, and Peter Friis Hansen. "Theoretical and Statistical Analysis of Ship Grounding Accidents." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 122, no. 3 (March 3, 2000): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286075.
Full textAbstract:
Today, the ship kinetic energy and structural crushing resistance is not taken into account in any regulation concerned with the damaged state of a conventional ship (damage stability, oil outflow, etc.). However, the past few years of experience with high-speed craft (HSC) have clearly demonstrated that impact damage is indeed related to the kinetic energy and the strength of the ship. The present paper discusses various aspects related to rational design against grounding accidents. A relatively simple theory is reviewed for comparing the expected grounding damage of different ships, taking into account the structure, the displacement and the sailing velocity. It is shown that based on simple requirements of similitude, it is possible to scale certain types of grounding bottom damage. Then 130 grounding accidents are investigated. Attempts are first made at identifying the governing grounding scenarios and deriving a formula for the relation between the volume of deformed structure and the energy absorption (like the Minorsky formula). Moreover, the damage statistics is used to illustrate that the damage length divided by ship length is a function of the ship size. This observation is not in agreement with current regulations where bottom damage is proportional to ship length. The scaling theory is then used to explain that large ships experience longer relative damages than small ships. Major conclusions of the study are that the quality of future damage records should be improved, that various requirements and rules involving bottom damage may need to be revised, and that a method has been proposed for ranking ships according to their crashworthiness in grounding accidents. [S0892-7219(00)00103-5]
24
Lyashenko, V. I., V. Z. Dyatchin, and V. P. Franchuk. "IMPROVEMENT OF VIBRATING FEEDERS-SCREENS FOR MINING AND METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 6 (July 28, 2018): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-6-470-477.
Full textAbstract:
The main scientific and practical results of the improvement of vibrating feeders-screens for mining and metallurgical industry are presented on the basis of dynamic calculation of the vibrating feederscreen with two differently directed self-balancing vibrators. Methods of theoretical generalizations are described using mathematical statistics, physical and mathematical modeling, computation and feasibility studies, laboratory and full-scale experimental studies, industrial tests in the conditions of operating enterprises using standard and new methods. Mathematical modeling and calculation of the parameters of a vibrating feeder of the PVG type are proposed. It is recommended when choosing dynamic parameters of the feeder, to use the vibration transmission coefficient, which is taken within the limits (1.5 – 3.5)g, and in heavy loading modes, is up to 5g. It is shown that during preparation of breeze coke in the crushing body, from 10 to 50 % of fine material is received from its bunker with a particle size of 0 – 3 mm, which is additionally re-milled, reducing the quality of coke. A vibrating feeder-screen with a spatial oscillation of the working element will increase the efficiency of screening of the material by 15 – 20 % and will improve the self-cleaning of the screen. The driving forces of the exciters are directed at different angles of 15 and 45° to the screening surfaceand are attached from each other at a distance equal to half width of the box, i.e. 600 mm. It is established that in the resonance mode at a constant amplitude with increasing frequency the coefficient of the vibro-displacement regime increases according to a quadratic dependence, at a working frequency of 100 rad/s it also increases from the loading edge of the feeder to the unloading and from one side to another, the value of which varies within 2.62 – 2.84.
25
Yin, Hanfeng, Jinle Dai, Guilin Wen, Wanyi Tian, and Qiankun Wu. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Functionally Graded Foam-Filled Graded-Thickness Tube Under Lateral Impact." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 01 (November 21, 2018): 1850088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500883.
Full textAbstract:
Foam-filled thin-walled structure has been widely used in vehicle engineering due to its highly efficient energy absorption capacity and lightweight. Unlike the existing foam-filled thin-walled structures, a new foam-filled structure, i.e., functionally graded foam-filled graded-thickness tube (FGFGT), which had graded foam density along the transverse direction and graded wall thickness along the longitudinal direction, was first studied in this paper. Two FGFGTs with different gradient distributions subjected to lateral impact were investigated using nonlinear finite element code through LS-DYNA. According to the parametric sensitivity analysis, we found that the two design parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which controlled the gradient distributions of the foam density and the tube wall thickness, significantly affected the crashworthiness of the two FGFGTs. In order to seek for the optimal design parameters, two FGFGTs were both optimized using a meta-model-based multi-objective optimization method which employed the Kriging modeling technique as well as the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. In the optimization process, we aimed to improve the specific energy absorption and to reduce the peak crushing force simultaneously. The optimization results showed that the FGFGT had even better crashworthiness than the traditional uniform foam-filled tube with the same weight. Moreover, the graded wall thickness and graded foam density can make the design of the FGFGT flexible. Due to these advantages, the FGFGT was an excellent energy absorber and had potential use as the side impact absorber in vehicle body.
26
Durney, T. E., and T. P. Meloy. "Particle shape effects due to crushing method and size." International Journal of Mineral Processing 16, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(86)90078-5.
Full text
27
Fang, Huaiying, Dawei Xing, Jianhong Yang, Fulin Liu, Junlong Chen, and Jiansheng Li. "Experimental Study on Limestone Cohesive Particle Model and Crushing Simulation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3645720.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the effect of impact velocity and particle size on crushing characteristics. We use a discrete-element method simulation and construct cohesive limestone particles with internal microinterfaces and cracks for impact crushing experimentation. The simulation model follows the same process as the impact crushing experiment. Results show that, after crushing at impact velocities of 30 and 40 m/s, the simulated particle-size distribution curve matches experimental results as closely as 95%. For different particle sizes, results are more than 90% in agreement. These results indicate the feasibility of the cohesive-particle crushing simulation model. When the particle size is 15 mm, an approximate linear relationship exists on impact velocity and crushing ratio. For a constant impact velocity, the particle size of 18 mm results in the maximum crushing ratio.
28
Mazur, Marcin. "Determination of crushing energy during vibratory crushing." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0030.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents a new method of determining the energy consumption for vibratory crushing. Using the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher with kinematic actuation of the jaws, the study of determining power consumption while crushing limestone and diabase was conducted. During the study, electrical energy used on the crushing process was measured as a function of changing design and kinematic parameters of the vibratory crusher, i.e.: jaws stroke, the outlet gap size and frequency of jaws vibration. The article presents program of the research, the laboratory test stand of the vibratory jaw crusher KW 40/1 and the test results. Comparing the theoretical crushing energy requirements, determined by the Bond hypothesis, with the values measured during tests a large differences were observed. Using the Bond hypothesis the Vibratory Work Indexes were determined for the tested materials. Their values are higher than limestone and diabase Work Indexes available in the known literatures. The explanation may be greater amount of energy transferred to the material during vibratory crushing, which results in much higher efficiency of the crushing process.
29
Mao, Qian, Yonghai Sun, Lu Wang, Liu Yang, Bizhu Huang, Fangyuan Chen, and Xiaolei Guo. "Particle Size Distribution of Food Boluses and Validation of Simulation During Artificial Indenter Crushing." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0027.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To study the effects of indenter surface shapes on the crushing of foods, a double-tooth indenter (DTI), a single-tooth indenter (STI), a cylinder-type indenter (CTI) and a wave-type indenter (WTI) were developed by simulating the crown of human molar. Crushing experiments and analysis of finite element simulation were done. Crushing effect was determined by the wet sieving and weighing method; numerial simulations were performed for the crush process using the non-linear contact finite element method. The results showed that the DTI yielded the smallest median size among the four indenters, and the granulometric characteristics of food bolus are similar to human boluses, have higher von Mises stress value than others, higher crush efficiency, bigger crush stress, more stress concentration area than others. The crushing efficiencies of STI and CTI are very close. This study can improve the indenter parameters of texture analyzers and optimize the design process of a food chewing robot.
30
Cui, Guang Wen, Ming Yang Sun, Guo Yang Song, and Hui Zhao. "Study of Desulphurization and Deashing for High Sulfur Coal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3818.
Full textAbstract:
A new method to determine the crushing size for Desulfurization and deashing is introduced. By this method, the proper crushing size of 3mm for the high sulfur coal in this research is obtained. Three cone hydrocyclone is used as the separation equipment for -3mm size fraction. Ep (Probable error) values from three cone hydrocyclone’s performance on different size fractions are discussed and an Ep value of 0.073 was achieved from three cone hydrocyclone’s treatment of 3mm-0.2mm size fraction. A desulfurization and deashing process is designed which leads to a satisfactory desulfurization and deashing result.
31
Maskaeva, Larisa N., Polina S. Bogatova, Anastasia D. Kutyavina, Yury A. Babchenko, and Viacheslav F. Markov. "Chemical bath synthesis of metal chalcogenide films. Part 41. Effect of Sr2+ ions on deposition kinetics, composition and morphology of PbS thin films." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-141.
Full textAbstract:
Lead sulphide thin films are one of the most sensitive materials in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges (0.4-3.0 μm) and due to this, they are widely used in optoelectronics. One of the most promising methods for the synthesis of this semiconductor material is chemical bath deposition from aqueous solutions. At the same time, doping additives used to improve the properties of the deposited films. In this paper, we consider the effect of strontium cations Sr2+ on the deposition kinetics of the solid lead sulfide phase, as well as on the thickness, morphology and elemental composition of chemically produced PbS films. According to the results of the study of the precipitation kinetics of PbS(Sr) solid phase, it was found that the introduction of strontium chloride into the reactor inhibits the formation of PbS solid phase during the deposition of PbS films and contributes to a significant increasing of the induction period of its formation. Polycrystalline films of lead sulfide were synthesized by hydrochemical precipitation from the ammonium-citrate reaction mixture with the addition of ammonium iodide and strontium chloride on substrates of glass and glass. The thickness of the films obtained decreased from 400 nm for individual PbS to 350 nm for doped with iodine PbS (I). The thickness reduced from 300 to 150 nm with an increase in the content of strontium chloride in the reaction mixture from 5∙10-5 to 5∙10-3 mol/l. The EDX analysis has observed that PbS, PbS(I) and PbS(I,Sr) films have deficient in sulfur, the iodine content decreases from 1.4 to 1.0 at.% when strontium enters in the semiconductor structure. Electron microscopy has shown that adding ammonium chloride to the reactor leads to crushing of crystallites with a clear edges and an average size of grains for individual PbS film from 300 nm up to ~150 nm. The minimum salt content of strontium (5∙10-5 mol/l) increases by ~2 times the proportion of nanoparticles forming the PbS (I, Sr) film, and at the maximum concentration (5∙10-3 mol/l) their content is slightly reduced from 14 to 11%.
32
YU, QIANMI, JIANKUN LIU, UJWALKUMAR D. PATIL, SURYA S. C. CONGRESS, and ANAND J. PUPPALA. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL FRACTAL MODEL FOR ULTIMATE CRUSHING STATE OF COARSE AGGREGATES." Fractals 27, no. 07 (November 2019): 1950109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19501093.
Full textAbstract:
The research on the ultimate crushing state of coarse aggregates is beneficial to analyze and predict the evolutionary process of crushing. The Growing Path method uses the two-dimensional fractal geometry structure to simulate the size variation of particle size fraction during the particle breakage of coarse aggregates and it serves to investigate the ultimate fractal dimension corresponding to the ultimate crushing state of coarse aggregates. This method manifests the self-growing characteristics of particle size distribution in the process of particle crushing. This study found that the two-dimensional image of ultimate fractal model was precisely similar to that of the Sierpinski gasket of fractal theory when the ultimate crushing state was reached. The results from the model analysis show that the theoretically ultimate fractal dimension is about 2.585, which is consistent with the existing results calculated from the three-dimensional ultimate fragmentation model of cataclastic rock located in the fault zones. The relationship between two fractal models was analyzed. Furthermore, the application of fractal geometry presented in this study will also serve as a reference for the analysis of the other chaos phenomena observed in geotechnical engineering.
33
Moncada, Manuel, Patricio Toledo, Fernando Betancourt, and Cristian G. Rodríguez. "Torque Analysis of a Gyratory Crusher with the Discrete Element Method." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080878.
Full textAbstract:
Comminution by gyratory crusher is the first stage in the size reduction operation in mineral processing. In the copper industry, these machines are widely utilized, and their reliability has become a relevant aspect. To optimize the design and to improve the availability of gyratory crushers, it is necessary to calculate their power and torque accurately. The discrete element method (DEM) has been commonly used in several mining applications and is a powerful tool to predict the necessary power required in the operation of mining machines. In this paper, a DEM model was applied to a copper mining gyratory crusher to perform a comprehensive analysis of the loads in the mantle, the crushing torque, and crushing power. A novel polar representation of the radial forces is proposed that may help designers, engineers, and operators to recognize the distribution of force loads on the mantle in an easier and intuitive way. Simulations with different operational conditions are presented and validated through a comparison with nominal data. A calculation procedure for the crushing power of crushers is presented, and recommendations for the selection of the minimum resolved particle size are given.
34
Duan, Guo-chen, Bo-qiang Shi, and Jie Gu. "Establishment of energy consumption model and multi-objective optimal control method of 6-DOF robotic crusher." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 10 (October 2020): 168781402096757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020967579.
Full textAbstract:
In order to optimize the real-time crushing effect of 6-DOF robotic crusher, a model of energy consumption and a multi-objective optimization control method for 6-DOF robotic crusher are proposed. In optimization function, the optimization objective are total energy consumption, mass fraction of crushed products below 12 mm, energy consumption ratio, and throughput, and optimization variables are position of suspension point, rotational speed and precession angle of the moving cone. Among them, the function of total energy consumption and effective energy consumption is established and the function of total energy consumption is verified in this paper. The function of mass fraction of crushed products below 12 mm is based on previous research. Taking the full load working condition and chamber size of PYGB1821 crusher as an example. The solution of optimization is obtained. Compared with the traditional cone crusher under the same feed size distribution and chamber size, each objective can be effectively optimized, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and increase the crushing efficiency. This method is universal and can be used for the design and control of other crushing equipment.
35
Duan, Chen Long, Yue Min Zhao, Jing Feng He, and Nian Xin Zhou. "Research on Liberation Mechanism of the Impact Crushing Waste Printed Circuit Board." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.730.
Full textAbstract:
The reutilization of waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) is a focused topic in the field of environment protection and resource recycling, and the crushing is the crucial process for recycling waste PCB. A hamper impacting crusher was used to achieve metals crushing liberation from non-metals, the liberation mechanism of PCB can be explained by dispersion liberation accompanied disengaging liberation. The Rosin-Rammler distribution model of crushed PCB particle was put forward. The evaluation indexes show that Rosin-Rammler function can accurately describe size distribution of PCB particles because the convergence property R2 is 0.99694 and fitting error E is 4.80658. The selective crushing is appearance with metals concentrated in coarser fraction and non-metals in finer size during comminution processing. The impact crushing is an effective method to metals liberation of PCB particles.
36
Choi, Jinhyuk, Sung Hun Cho, Tae Ho Kim, and Soo Wohn Lee. "Comparison of Sonochemistry Method and Sol-Gel Method for the Fabrication of TiO2 Powder." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.109.
Full textAbstract:
Sol-gel with sonochemical process and sol-gel method were used for the fabrication of photocatalytic TiO2 powder and the properties of the TiO2 powder thus prepared were examined and compared. For the synthesis of TiO2 powder, the starting material was Ti-butoxide and H2O and the reaction was carried out at 80 °C in a sol-gel method. On the other hand, Ti-butoxide was reacted with H2O in an ultrasonic frequency of 23 kHz with ultrasonic powers of 800 W for two hours. After evaporation, 24 hours aging time was kept at 400 °C in both cases, the final product appeared was the anatase phase. Ultrasonic chemical method was found to be excellent for flocculation and crushing effects where as in sol-gel method, the product obtained was of high purity and high homogeneity. Sol-gel with sonochemical process has found to be excellent for flocculation and crushing effects. From Sol-gel method, the size of TiO2 particles produced were found to be about 20 nm, spherical, homogeneous while severe agglomeration. In contrast, by sonochemistry method, the size of TiO2 particles produced were about 10 ~ 22 nm size and it has shown more photocatalytic activity than sol-gel sample which is about 28.7 % greater efficiency
37
Lu, Feng Yi, Xin Xin Liu, and Ge Ning Xu. "Research on Analysis Method of Fatigue Strength for New Type Crushing Ripper Based on the Composite Load Spectrum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.378.
Full textAbstract:
In view of the problem that new type crushing ripper installation of tamping equipment in circulation under the action of different load working multiple cases may occur structural fatigue damage, analysis of its force characteristic, establishment ripper rack compression bending component model, according to the working condition of the most unfavorable load combinations, using the allowable stress method to calculate structural fatigue strength; the combined effect of road load spectrum and vibrating load is also taken into consideration, then statics analysis and fatigue analysis of new type crushing ripper are calculated with the finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench. The results show that theoretical calculations are in accordance with the finite element analysis results, it evidences that the fatigue strength analysis method of crushing ripper is feasible and correct. It provides a reference for the anti-fatigue optimization design of new type crushing ripper, to guarantee its meet the operational requirements under of bad conditions.
38
Peng, Hong Ge, Qing Xiang Cai, Wei Zhou, Ji Sen Shu, and Guo Ji Li. "Influence Analyzing of Slope Stability with Setting of Crushing Station in Semi-Continuous Technology." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.98.
Full textAbstract:
According to the analysis of the semi-continuous mining system with crushing station set on end-slope and the relation with working wall and non working wall, the calculation method of uncovered end-slope area and the coefficient of slope stability was elicited, considering the external load caused by crushing station location. The variation curve and the law of stability coefficient were also obtained. Combining the field practice, the research conclusion indicates that the crushing station setting of semi-continuous mining system would affect not only the truck transportation distance and the economy benefit, but also the slope stability, which can be used as the theory support to the setting of crushing station in semi-continuous mining system.
39
Lu, Cheng, Lin Chen, Yun Bo Chen, Yi Jie Gu, Meng Wang, Ling Li Zuo, Hong Quan Liu, Yan Min Wang, and Xian Fu Sun. "Effects of Different Granularity Control Methods on Morphology, Structure and Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.830.
Full textAbstract:
LiFePO4/C materials were synthesized by spray-drying method. The particle size of the LiFePO4/C was controlled by mechanical crushing or airflow crushing. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized. The results show that: The smaller powder particle and better particle size distribution could be got using the two granularity control methods above. The special surface area of the material increased, the tap density decreased and the high rate performance deteriorated when the particle size of LiFePO4/C was controlled. After the particle size of LiFePO4/C is controlled the contacts of LiFePO4/C and carbon will deteriorate. The special capacity of the material decreases and the rate performance deteriorates, due to the stripping of carbon.
40
Chai, Zhin An, Cheng Ji Deng, Hong Xi Zhu, Xiao Jun Zhang, and Liang Yi Zhou. "Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Raw Materials on Properties of Magnesia-Alumina Refractory." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.595.
Full textAbstract:
Starting from different sizes of magnesia and bauxitewith sodium hexametaphosphate as anchoring agent, specimens obtained by suppression were sintered at 1500°C and 1550°C and heat preservation for 3h in the electric hearth furnace, respectively. The effect of particle size distribution of magnesia and bauxite on the properties of magnesia-alumina refractory materials was investigated. The composition of magnesia-alumina refractory which consists of various particle size distributions was determined, according to Andreasen packing model, with distribution coefficient (q) of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.50. The fractographs of the specimen were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The linear rate of change, apparent porosity, bulk density and crushing strength of these specimens were studied. The results showed: a crushing strength of 52.39 MPa, an apparent porosity value of 15.55% and a bulk density value of 2.91 g/cm3 were obtained via a particle size distribution coefficient of 0.30 at 1550°C. Simultaneously, the refractory materials had small linear rate of change.
41
Liu, Yang, Xiao Zhu Li, and Cheng Lin Wang. "Discrete Element Simulation of Rock Crushing Considering Different Shape." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.715.
Full textAbstract:
Numerical simulation was conducted to study the particle breakage of rock in rolling compaction (RC) test based on discrete element method (DEM). Different shapes of particles were formed to represent the real particle shape. A quantitative analysis method of particle breakage was proposed according to the grading curve before and after compaction. The numerical results had a good agrrement with the field test, which indicated that the method adopted in this paper was feasibile and could consider the influence of the particle shape on the particle breakage in RC test.
42
Wang, Yidong, Wenjiao Dan, Yongfu Xu, and Yue Xi. "Fractal and Morphological Characteristics of Single Marble Particle Crushing in Uniaxial Compression Tests." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/537692.
Full textAbstract:
Crushing of rock particles is a phenomenon commonly encountered in geotechnical engineering practice. It is however difficult to study the crushing of rock particles using classical theory because the physical structure of the particles is complex and irregular. This paper aims at evaluating fractal and morphological characteristics of single rock particle. A large number of particle crushing tests are conducted on single rock particle. The force-displacement curves and the particle size distributions (PSD) of crushed particles are analysed based on particle crushing tests. Particle shape plays an important role in both the micro- and macroscale responses of a granular assembly. The PSD of an assortment of rocks are analysed by fractal methods, and the fractal dimension is obtained. A theoretical formula for particle crushing strength is derived, utilising the fractal model, and a simple method is proposed for predicting the probability of particle survival based on the Weibull statistics. Based on a few physical assumptions, simple equations are derived for determining particle crushing energy. The results of applying these equations are tested against the actual experimental data and prove to be very consistent. Fractal theory is therefore applicable for analysis of particle crushing.
43
Zhai, You Wen, Jin Hu, Xiao Qin Zhu, Kai Jun Wang, and Wei Jun Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Orthosilicate Ceramic Pebbles by Melt Spraying Method." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.818.
Full textAbstract:
This paper studied the experimental procedures,, test equipment and test methodology of the melt spraying method. Meanwhile, according to performance index of lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) ceramic pebbles to optimize the melt spraying method. Test analysis of the diameter of orthosilicate pebbles, degree of spheroid of orthosilicate pebbles, surface topography of orthosilicate pebbles, metallographic structure of orthosilicate pebbles, section morphology, crushing strength and phase composition. Results in this work indicate that the lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) ceramic pebbles with a flat or even surface，porous internals, diameter of orthosilicate pebbles between 0.9~1.1mm,density of orthosilicate pebbles more than 90%T.D., the mean crushing strength is 25N, the degree of roundness is 1.027 can be obtained by the optimized melt spraying method. The optimization process provides a basis for obtaining the low cost and high performance of the lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) ceramic pebbles.
44
Liu, Yang, Yan Tao Wang, and Xiao Zhu Li. "Analysis of Particle Crushing in Rolling Compaction for Rockfill Dam Using DEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.702.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the rollingcompaction (RC) test of the Nuozhadu coarse rockfill zone of upstream anddownstream I district rockfill engineering, numericalsimulation was conducted to study the particle breakage of RC test usingdiscrete element method (DEM). The movement and the crushing mechanism of theparticles in the RC process were analyzed according to the numerical results ofDEM. The numerical results indicated that the dominant damage were tensionfailure. The crushing zone was approximate inclined 45 degrees to horizondirection and extended to the bottom in the RC process.
45
Guo, Hui, Yunlai Deng, Shitong Fan, and Renjie Pan. "Calculation and Prediction of Crushing Process of Al–Mg–Si Alloy Thin-Walled Components." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010028.
Full textAbstract:
Crushing performance is being widely investigated because it is the key performance indicator of the thin-walled beam structure in automobile safety components. In this study, five kinds of ageing state with different yield strengths were prefabricated with a self-developed KHC63 alloy. Using a rectangular tube profile, the physical relationship between crushing properties and mechanical properties, and the structure of the profile, were studied. According to variation characteristics, the crushing curve was divided into four typical stages: elastic stage, bending stage, compaction stage and folding stage. In the elastic stage, the peak load of the component is related to material elasticity and structure elasticity, and the relationship is approximately linear. In the bending stage, the driving factor of plastic hinge deformation is the bending moment, and it is always constant. In the compaction stage, the crushing curve correlates well with the cosine function. In the folding stage, the crushing process begins to lose stability and is hard to predict. The mathematical relationships between force and displacement were established according to the characteristics of each stage, and the calculated results were close to the measured results except for the folding stage. The deviation of the calculated energy absorption from the measured data in the first three stages is only 4.3%, but it is 10.6% in the folding stage. The calculation method used for the first three stages is, therefore, suitable.
46
Chanh Nghia, Nguyen, Tatacipta Dirgantara, Sigit P. Santosa, Annisa Jusuf, and Ichsan Setya Putra. "Impact Behavior of Square Crash Box Structures Having Holes at Corners." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.613.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, an analytical prediction and numerical simulation of the behavior of square crash box structures having hole at corners on dynamic axial crushing are studied. The focus of the present theoretical prediction is to calculate the mean crushing force and maximum crushing force during the folding process subjected to axial impact loading. Then, the effect of hole size to the crushing response of square crash box structures was also evaluated. For validation, an explicit non-linear commercial finite element code LS-DYNA was used to predict the response of the structures subjected to axial crushing. It was found that results of numerical method and theoretical prediction were in good agreement. The results showed that, by inserting holes at corners, the folding can be controlled to be always started from the hole, and peak crush load on the first fold can be reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the decreasing of mean crushing force is insignificant compared to the one without holes. Hence, the characteristic of impact energy absorption in a progressive buckling can be improved, the damage in passenger compartment can be minimized, and the deceleration level can be kept in safe level to prevent injury of the passenger.
47
Wei, Like, Qingxin Qi, Hongyan Li, Bin Zhang, Yongren Wang, and Linghai Kong. "A Case Study of Damage Energy Analysis and an Early Warning by Microseismic Monitoring for Large Area Roof Caving in Shallow Depth Seams." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709459.
Full textAbstract:
Shallow depth coal seams are widely spread in Shendong mining area, which is located in the Northwestern region of China. When working face is advanced out of concentrated coal pillar in upper room and pillar goaf, strong strata behaviors often cause support crushing accidents, and potentially induce large area residual pillars instability and even wind blast disaster. In order to predict the precise time when the accident happens, guaranteeing life-safety of miner, microseismic monitoring system was for the first time applied in shallow coal seam. Based on damage mechanics correlation theory, the damage energy model is established to describe relationship between damage level and cumulative energy of microseismic events. According to microseismic monitoring data of two support crushing accidents, the damage energy model is verified and an effective early warning method of these accidents is proposed. The field application showed that the early warning method had avoided miners suffering from all support crushing accidents in Shigetai coal mine.
48
Lv, Yi. "Rubber Block Granular Control Study in the Crushing Process Waste Tires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.333.
Full textAbstract:
Decreases the broken tire rubber block granularity can shorten tire flour milling process. Cutting the tire rubber block size control during processing method can be changed to achieve. Method by previously cut on the tire tread and an annular notch cut layered tread colloid. Tire crushing process down into tire tread and colloidal cutting kerf. Slitting and cutting the tire during the tire clamped in a fixed state. Maintaining the tire tread and the position of the cutting tool is parallel. Feeding the tool or tire in-process control of the tool infeed depth and speed of rotation of the tire. Cutting the tread rubber on the circular incision is to control the cutting of the plastic dispersion block. Achieve tread colloidal particle size control cutting. Colloidal tread cutting circular incision and control the cutting tool feed rate is achieved rubber block granularity control methods.
49
Suleymanova, L., M. Malyukova, I. Ryabchevskiy, A. Koryakina, and D. Levshina. "ILLUMINATED CONCRETE USING ROCK CRUSHING WASTE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 12 (January 8, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-12-8-16.
Full textAbstract:
TLuminous products are obtained from architectural and decorative concrete using photoluminescent pigment, formed in various positions and any configuration that does not lose their architectural expressiveness over a long period of operation. The use of products with a glow effect provides increased safety at night and is an additional means of signaling on dangerous and worst-lit sections of roads, parking lots, bicycle paths. Optimally selected materials and the method of surface treatment of products provide decorativeness of small architectural forms in the daytime. The compositions of architectural and decorative concrete are designed and the influence of the quantitative content of photoluminescent pigment on the main physico-mechanical characteristics is evaluated. The rheological properties of cement suspensions and architectural and decorative concrete based on them are studied, and the decorativeness and luminescence of products with photoluminescent pigment are evaluated according to the methods developed by the authors. The resulting recommended composition of glowing architectural and decorative concrete with using white Portland cement СEM I 52.5 N, fractionated marble crushing waste, modifier of polycarboxylate type and photoluminescent pigment, allows to obtain the products with a glow effect, high architectural, decorative and physico-mechanical characteristics.
50
Chen, Yanlong, Bangyong Yu, Kai Zhang, Mingwei Zhang, Guang Xu, and Zhanqing Chen. "Permeability Evolution and Particle Size Distribution of Saturated Crushed Sandstone under Compression." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6043420.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, the particle size distribution and permeability of saturated crushed sandstone under variable axial stresses (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 MPa) were studied. X-ray Computed Tomography results revealed that particle crushing is likely to occur considerably as the axial stress is approaching 4 MPa, which results in the change of pore structure greatly. During compression, the particle size distribution satisfies the fractal condition well, and the fractal dimension of particle size distribution is an effective method for describing the particle crushing state of saturated crushed sandstone. When the axial stress increases from 0 MPa to 4 MPa, the fractal dimension of the particle size distribution increases rapidly by over 60% of the total increase (0–16 MPa), and the permeability decreases sharply by about 85% of the total decrease. These results indicate that 4 MPa is a key value in controlling the particle size distribution and the permeability of the saturated crushed sandstone under axial compression. The permeability is influenced by the initial gradation of the specimens, and a larger Talbot exponent corresponds to a larger permeability.