Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accommodation'
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Ransdell, Amanda OD. "Ciliary Muscle and Sustained Accommodation." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1427279533.
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Hart, Linda Louise. "Accommodation : a novel." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2550.
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D'Elia, Christina Noel. "Accommodating death an examination of the role of scientific accommodation in forensic anthropology /." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1247508443/.
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Winn, Barry. "Studies in binocular accommodation." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378073.
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A study of the binocular accommodation response is presented for normal and amblyopic observers to selected stimulus conditions using a binocular infra-red optometer and a commercially-available autorefractor. The work reviews the neural control of the near triad and discusses the historical development of models of mutual interaction between accommodation and convergence, presenting experimental evidence to support or refute each proposition. The basic characteristics of the accommodation response are reviewed along with the influencing factors. A central feature of this work is the evaluation of the correlation present between the eyes for both step-wise changes in target vergence and steady-state viewing. Reaction times for visually normal subjects were found to be similar to those found by previous workers and were independent of both size and direction of the step change. Response times for a mean step size of approximately 2.5D exhibited a marked degree of intersubject variability, particularly for the decreasing response and were step-size dependent. Eye dominancy was not found to be a significant factor in the overall response time. The binocular accommodation responses were found to have a high level of correlation to step-wise changes in target vergence. This in, itself, is perhaps not surprising in view of the anatomical similarities between the eyes and the relatively large dioptric changes induced. To obtain a clearer picture of the control of accommodation assessment of the microfluctuations was necessary. A high degree of correlation between amblyopic eyes and their fellow normal eyes is reported for both reaction and response times, although response times are longer than those for normal eyes. Reaction times for four subjects were not significantly different to those of the dominant eye. The subject presenting with the deepest amblyopia did have a significantly increased reaction time and a relationship with minimum angle of resolution is considered. Steady-state viewing shows the microfluctuations to have a high level of coherence, suggesting the control of accommodation to be at or above the point at which the IIIrd nerves are conjoint. Increasing target vergence causes an increase in the rms amplitude of the microfluctuations, binocular viewing not influencing the response characteristics. As target luminance decreased, rms values and low frequency drifts increased. Amblyopic eyes show an increase in the magnitude of the low frequency components of the microfluctuations for moderate to high stimulus vergences. The presence of different behaviour to that observed in normals supports a role for the microfluctuations. The response of amblyopic eyes to coloured stimuli results in an increase of the low frequency component to targets at the extremities of the visual spectrum, furthering the argument for a positive role for the fluctuations. The steady-state response to coloured stimuli differed from that found in normal eyes in that the appropriate response to overcome the chromatic interval was not observed for moderate to high stimulus vergences. The overall anomalous response could not use the additional information provided by coloured targets. Finally the detectibility of defocus was tested with sine waves and using signals derived from the microfluctuations. The threshold of detection for the microfluctuations is similar to that for sine waves, but is thought to be due to the presence of discontinuities and abrupt shifts in the response level. This adds support to Crane's(1966) hypothesis of 'accommodative saccades'.
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Rai, Gurjeet Kaur. "Accommodation and intraocular pressure." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14645/.
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The relationship between accommodation and intraocular pressure (IOP) has not been addressed as a research question for over 20 years, when measurement of both of these parameters was less advanced than today. Hence the central aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of accommodation on lOP. The instrument of choice throughout this thesis was the Pulsair EasyEye non-contact tonometer (NCT) due principally to its slim-line design which allowed the measurement of lOP in one eye and simultaneous stimulation of accommodation in the other eye. A second reason for using the Pulsair EasyEye NCT was that through collaboration with the manufacturers (Keeler, UK) the instrument's operational technology was made accessible. Hence, the principle components underpinning non-contact lOP measures of 0.1mmHg resolution (an order of magnitude greater than other methods) were made available. The relationship between the pressure-output and corneal response has been termed the pressure-response relationship, aspects of which have been shown to be related to ocular biometric parameters. Further, analysis of the components of the pressure-response relationship together with high-speed photography of the cornea during tonometry has enhanced our understanding of the derivation of an IOP measure with the Pulsair EasyEye NCT. The NCT samples the corneal response to the pressure pulse over a 19 ms cycle photoelectronically, but computes the subject's lOP using the data collected in the first 2.34 ms. The relatively instantaneous nature of the lOP measurement renders the measures susceptible to variations in the steady-state lOP caused by the respiratory and cardiac cycles. As such, the variance associated with these cycles was minimised by synchronising the lOP measures with the cardiac trace and maintaining a constant pace respiratory cycle at 15 breathes/minute. It is apparent that synchronising the lOP measures with the peak, middle or trough of the cardiac trace significantly reduced the spread of consecutive measures. Of the 3 locations investigated, synchronisation with the middle location demonstrated the least variance (coeflicient of variation = 9.1%) and a strong correlation (r = 0.90, p = <0.001) with lOP values obtained with Goldmann contact tonometry (n = 50). Accordingly IOP measures synchronised with the middle location of the cardiac cycle were taken in the RE while the LE fixated low (L; zero D), intermediate (I; 1.50 D) and high (H; 4 D) accommodation targets, Quasi-continuous measures of accommodation responses were obtained during the lOP measurement period using the portable infrared Grand Seiko FR-5000 autorefractor. The lOP reduced between L and I accommodative levels by approximately 0.61 mmHg (p <0.00 I). No significant reduction in IOP between L and H accommodation levels was elicited (p = 0.65) (n = 40). The relationship between accommodation and lOP was characterised by substantial inter-subject variations. Myopes demonstrated a tendency to show a reduction in IOP with accommodation which was significant only with I accommodation levels when measured with the NCT (r = 0.50, p = 0.01). However, the relationship between myopia and lOP change with accommodation reached significance for both I (r = 0.61, p= 0.003) and H (r = 0.531, p= 0.0 1) accommodation levels when measured with the Ocular blood Flow Analyser (OBFA). Investigation of the effects of accommodation on the parameters measured by the OBFA demonstrated that with H accommodation levels the pulse amplitude (PA) and pulse rate (PR) responses differed between myopes and emmetropes (PA: p = 0.03; PR: p = 0.004). As thc axial length increased there was a tendency for the pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) to reduce with accommodation, which was significant only with H accommodation levels (r = 0.38, p = 0.02). It is proposed that emmetropes arc able to regulate the POBF responses to changes in ocular perfusion pressure caused by changes in lOP with I (r = 0.77, p <0.001) and H (r = 0.73, p = 0.001) accommodation levels. However, thc relationship between lOP and POBF changes in the myopes was not correlated for both I (r = 0.33, p = 0.20) and H (r = 0.05, p = 0.85) accommodation levels. The thesis presents new data on the relationships between accommodation, lOP and parameters of the OBFA,: and provides evidence for possible lOP and choroidal blood flow regulatory mechanisms. Further the data highlight possible deficits in the vascular regulation of the myopic eye during accommodation, which may play a putative role in the aetiology of myopia development.
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Urs, Raksha. "Investigation of Accommodation and Presbyopia using Ultrasound Imaging during Ex Vivo Simulated Accommodation." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/360.
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The goal of this project is to obtain quantitative images of the lens and the ciliary body to validate EVAS-II (Second generation Ex Vivo Accommodation Simulator). To accomplish this goal it was necessary to develop methods, instrumentation and image processing techniques to acquire 3D images in EVAS-II, using UBM (Ultrasound Bio Microscope), and to apply these techniques to non-human primate eyes. The lens studies included measurement of speed of sound in the lens to reconstruct accurate images of the lens, development of instrumentation to measure the un-distorted lens shape and development of a mathematical model to quantify the whole lens shape. Speed measurements showed that the speed of sound exhibits a gradient profile in the equatorial plane, similar to refractive index and protein distributions in the lens. Lens shape measurements showed that the UBM can be used to accurately measure thickness, diameter, cross-sectional area, volume and surface area of the lens. The ciliary body studies included development of instrumentation and algorithms to obtain 3-D images of tissue in EVAS-II and development of methodology to quantify ciliary body movement during stretching. Studies showed that the accommodation process in young baboon eyes in EVAS-II is comparable to the in vivo process in rhesus monkeys. The UBM can be used to obtain reliable quantitative information about the lens and the ciliary body. 3-D UBM enables monitoring of ciliary body motion of the entire accommodative apparatus.
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Dettner, Alexander. "Accommodation Of Religion : Arguments For The Permissibility And Desirability Of Accommodation Of Religion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192500.
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Szostek, Nicola. "Assessment of ocular accommodation in humans." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9883.
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Accommodation is the change in the dioptric power of the eye altering the focus from distance to near. Presbyopia is the loss of accommodative function that occurs with age. There are many techniques used to measure accommodation, however, there is little consensus as to how clinical data should be collected and analysed. The overarching theme of this thesis is the in vivo examination of accommodation and how lifestyle can affect the onset of presbyopia. An open-field autorefractor with badal adaption was used to examine accommodative dynamic profiles under varying demands of vergence. From this data a new metric for assessing the time for accommodative change was derived. Furthermore this thesis describes a bespoke automated accommodative facility instrument that was developed to provide further assessment of accommodative speeds. Defocus curves are used for assessing accommodation and depth-of-focus; the work presented explores the use of non-linear regression models to define the most appropriate method of assessing defocus curves in phakic subjects, and pseudophakic subjects implanted with an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens. Using an absolute cut-off criteria of +0.30logMAR improved the repeatability and reliability of the depth-of-focus metrics over a cut-off criteria relative to the best corrected visual acuity. A swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomographer (AS-OCT) was used to image the morphology of the ciliary muscle during accommodation. The accuracy of ciliary muscle measurements was improved when using reference points on the sclera to align the AS-OCT scan. The use of a ciliary muscle area metric demonstrated poor repeatability and reliability when compared to the traditional assessment of muscle morphology via thickness measurements. Physiological ageing in the crystalline lens occurs in line with ageing in other structures in the body. The methods for assessing accommodative function examined in previous chapters, were used to examine whether lifestyle factors which affect the rate of systemic ageing, such as smoking, also affect accommodative function. Although being a current smoker and having greater central adiposity was associated with a slower time for accommodative change, further research is required before these findings can be applied to the target population.
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Larsson, Magdalena. "Beliefs regarding accommodation of dialects." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16867.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate non-linguists' ideas about dialect accommodation. That is to say, the research questions concern people's beliefs about whether they accommodate their dialects to their interlocutors. In addition, one research question concerns people's suggestions as to why they adjust their speech and if differences between native and foreign languages can be found. The investigation was carried out as an informant survey and a total of 26 participants, between the ages 20 and 30, answered the questions. The data were analysed and discussed from a sociolinguistic and a sociopsychological perspective, with the theory CAT as a foundation for the interpretations. The results show that people believed they change their speech depending on conversation partner. This was thought of as subconscious behaviour and was mainly reflected upon afterwards. Furthermore, comments from the questionnaire concern changes in speech when talking to friends, when the interlocutor's dialect is distinct and when the informants visit a different geographical area. In addition, the informants have ideas about efficient communication when it comes to comprehensibility between the conversation partners' vocabularies as well as being on the same communicative level. The results from a native language accommodation situation and a foreign language accommodation situation showed similar ideas. That is to say, people's perceptions about accommodation did not differ much depending on what language they used.
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Flitcroft, Daniel Ian. "Sensory control of ocular accommodation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9533e285-150f-4bc9-90d8-4a4a870a7f0e.
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Coetzee, Anrike. "The future of student accommodation : the development potential of accommodation in the Hatfield Student Village." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73329.
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Over the past decade, the demand for student housing in the Hatfield Student Village, situated between the Hatfield and Hillcrest campuses of the University of Pretoria, has grown to a point, where the demand greatly overshadows the supply. Local developers, who recognised the need for housing among students, have made great progress in filling this gap. It has come to a point, where the University of Pretoria has the second largest supply of student housing in South Africa, after the University of Cape Town.
This study has sought to determine whether there is still development potential for student housing in the Hatfield area, and also to develop a 10-year masterplan for the future development of accommodation in the Hatfield and Hillcrest areas.
Prominent development companies in the student-housing industry were contacted; and interviews were conducted with 8 high-ranking individuals in 8 different companies. The interviews determined the developers’ appetites for the further development of student accommodation in an area, which is already highly competitive. Interviews were also conducted with various role-players in Hatfield, such as the CEO of Hatfield CID, as well as prominent Estate Agents working in the area. Further data were collected on the various occupancy levels in the existing student accommodation, in order to determine the need for future development.
The results showed that developers have developed the area to supply about 11 315 beds to the market. With 4 178 beds in line to enter the market within the next 5 to 10 years, the supply will be much larger than the demand. Opportunity must be given to the economy to recover; and thereafter, further development of student accommodation must concentrate on providing units for low-income students.
A 10-year masterplan, divided into short-, medium- and long-term time periods, provides a potential road-map to follow, for the future of student accommodation in the Hatfield Student Village. The plan elaborates on future development and the type of development, which would ensure a successful student community for the University of Pretoria.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Construction Economics
MSc (Real Estate)
Unrestricted
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Shasteen, Nahrain Mary. "Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466.
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Fincher, Melissa. "Investigating the Effects of a Read-aloud Alteration on the Third-grade Reading Criterion-referenced Competency Test (CRCT) for Students with Disabilities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/87.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a controversial test administration alteration, the read-aloud alteration, in which text (passages and questions) is read aloud to the student on a reading comprehension test. For students whose disabilities impair their skill in decoding text and reading fluently, accessing text to demonstrate their comprehension can be significantly impeded. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined whether the comprehension scores for students with disabilities with certain characteristics improved with the read-aloud alteration. Participants were fourth-grade Georgia public school students (N=664) enrolled during the 2005-2006 school year, with and without disabilities, who were administered the third-grade Reading Criterion-Referenced Competency Test under either the read-aloud or standard administration condition. A 20-question survey was completed for each special education student who participated by the educator most familiar with the student’s educational program. Several moderator variables, such as reading achievement as measured by an external criterion (the reading comprehension subtest of the Iowa Test of Basic Skills), the degree of the student’s disability, as rated by the teacher, and individualized educational program features such as the presence of a decoding objective and time spent in the general education classroom, were investigated. These moderator variables were hypothesized to help better identify students with disabilities who might need and benefit from the read-aloud alteration. Students given the read-aloud alteration achieved higher raw score gains on the posttest than those assessed under the standard condition regardless of their disability status (students with or without disabilities). No interactions were identified between the moderator variables studied and test condition, with the exception of testing condition (standard / read loud) and reading skill (below average, average, or above average). Regardless of disability status, students who were provided the read-aloud alteration and were classified as having below average reading skills on the norm-reference ITBS had higher gain scores than their peers.
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Singh, Nisha. "Variation of the Stiles-Crawford effect with accommodation and myopia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31299/2/Nisha_Singh_Citation.pdf.
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Background: Mechanical forces either due to accommodation or myopia may stretch the retina and/or cause shear between the retina and choroid. This can be investigated by making use of the Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE), which is the phenomenon of light changing in apparent brightness as it enters through different positions in the pupil. The SCE can be measured by psychophysical and objective techniques, with the SCE parameters being directionality (rate of change across the pupil), and orientation (the location of peak sensitivity in the pupil).
Aims: 1. To study the changes in foveal SCE with accommodation in emmetropes and myopes using a subjective (psychophysical) technique. 2. To develop and evaluate a quick objective technique of measuring the SCE using the multifocal electroretinogram.
Methods: The SCE was measured in 6 young emmetropes and 6 young myopes for up to 8 D accommodation stimulus with a psychophysical technique and its variants. An objective technique using the multifocal electroretinogram was developed and evaluated with 5 emmetropes.
Results: Using the psychophysical technique, the SCE directionality increased by similar amounts in both emmetropes and myopes as accommodation increased, with an increase of 15-20% with 6 D of accommodation. However, there were no significant orientation changes. Additional measurements showed that most of the change in the directionality was probably an artefact of optical factors such as higher-order aberrations and accommodative lag rather a true effect of accommodation. The multifocal technique demonstrated the presence of the SCE, but results were noisy and too variable to detect any changes in SCE directionality or orientation with accommodation.
Conclusion: There is little true change in the SCE with accommodation responses up to 6 D in either emmetropes or myopes, although it is possible that substantial changes might occur at very high accommodation levels. The objective technique using the multifocal electroretinogram was quicker and less demanding for the subjects than the psychophysical technique, but as implemented in this thesis, it is not a reliable method of measuring the SCE.
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Taylor, John. "Accommodation, refractive surgery and ocular aberrations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/accommodation-refractive-surgery-and-ocular-aberrations(e457724c-b681-4957-ae7d-6ccdb2f0765d).html.
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The principal work in this thesis describes the investigation of the impact that alterations to ocular aberrations following refractive surgery have on the accommodative mechanism. A series of prospective studies were conducted with healthy adults (n=36) that had chosen to undergo refractive surgery at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. A variety of monocular accommodative functions were assessed prior to surgery and then at one and three months following surgery on the same cohort of patients. Accommodative functions included amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility (at 6m and 0.4m) including positive and negative response times, and accommodative stimulus-response functions. Dynamic accommodation responses were examined in a subgroup (n=10) at three months following refractive surgery and compared to an age-matched emmetropic control group (n=10) to evaluate differences in latency, amplitude, time constant and peak velocity of accommodation and disaccommodation. During the studies, ocular aberrations were concurrently measured to determine whether alterations to aberrations could help explain any observed changes in accommodative functions. Evaluation of visual, refractive and questionnaire outcome measures indicated that the patient cohort underwent successful surgery. Following surgery, significant alterations to a number of accommodative functions were discovered. Mean subjective ocular amplitude of accommodation increased by approximately 0.50D (p<0.05), mean stimulus-response function gradient decreased by approximately 10% (p<0.05) and distance facility rate increased by approximately 2-3 cycles/minute (p<0.05). Significant correlation was found between the change in accommodative stimulus-response function gradient, and the change in spherical aberration following surgery (p<0.05). Significant differences were also found in the parameters of accommodative dynamics, although some of these factors may be explained by refractive error differences between the refractive surgery patients (pre-operative myopes) and the emmetropic control group. The results suggest that alterations to aberrations following refractive surgery may be capable of influencing elements of the accommodation response. Additional studies were conducted to investigate the changes in aberrations during accommodation (n=31 subjects), and explore the contribution of the tear film (n=19 subjects) to higher order aberrations in eyes that have undergone refractive surgery. The results suggested that the rate of change in aberrations during accommodation is not affected by refractive surgery, but that the pattern of aberrations induced by post-blink tear film changes may differ in patients that have undergone refractive surgery. A further study is presented which investigated the form of the accommodative stimulus-response function to grating target of different spatial frequencies in groups of myopic (n=10) and emmetropic (n=10) participants recruited from among the staff and students at The University of Manchester. Both refractive groups appeared to show similar accommodative behavior, however the dominant feature of the data in both groups was between subject variation.
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Mucke, Sven. "Visual suppression during dynamic ocular accommodation." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547426.
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Carlin, Paul. "Modelling vergence, accommodation and their interaction." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241881.
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The vergence and accommodation systems, which are examples of physiological control systems, enable us to acquire and maintain clear single images of objects at a variety of distances in our visual world. Vergence and accommodation systems are interact with one each other and have both visual and non-visual components thus adding to their complexity. This thesis reviews the evolution of control theory models of vergence and accommodation from the 1960's to the present day and has outlined several properties of the systems which require further study. The thesis introduces the concept of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) to models of oculomotor control. FLC offers a new approach to modelling natural control systems and produces more realistic models than those obtained using conventional control theory techniques. Several characteristics of the vergence and accommodation systems were investigated with the aim of incorporating experimental data into control theory models using conventional techniques and FLC. The accommodation response to anisometropic stimuli was measured objectively. No evidence of a non-consensual response was found, from which it can be concluded that accommodation is consensual. A control theory model of binocular accommodation was simulated to illustrate the control strategies adopted by the accommodation during anisometropic stimulation. A Virtual Reality (VR) stimulus was used to investigate the possibility of adaptation of the crosslink components of vergence and accommodation by placing different demands on the vergence and accommodation systems. Crosslink behaviour was altered as a result of the VR stimulus which suggests that the links between vergence and accommodation (accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation) are amenable to adaptation. Control theory models were used to illustrate the effects of the VR stimulus on vergence and accommodation. The effect of proximity was investigated by measuring accommodation responses in the presence and absence of proximal cues. The effect of proximal cues under closed loop conditions was found to be minimal which suggests that proximal cues are only effective when visual cues are reduced. The results were extended to include the vergence system and a FLC model of proximal vergence and accommodation was implemented. Simulation of the model produced similar findings to a previous study which supports the use of FLC in models of oculomotor control. Voluntary vergence and accommodation were measured objectively under open loop conditions in a group of naive subjects. All subjects were able to produce voluntary responses corresponding to near and far. The ability of subjects to distinguish intermediate distances was more varied. The results show that voluntary responses can be produced without training and it is suggested that voluntary vergence and accommodation may be an important mode of response. The results were included in a control model of voluntary vergence and accommodation using FLC. The work presented provides support for the use of Fuzzy Logic in models of oculomotor control which can be used to improve models and complement existing models using conventional techniques.
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Hudon, Tamara. "Bilingual Infants' Accommodation of Accented Speech." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26163.
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Infant word recognition is sometimes hindered by variability in the speech input. Previous research has shown that, at 9 months, monolinguals do not generalize wordforms across native- and accented-speakers (Schmale & Seidl, 2009). In the current study however, it was predicted that bilingual infants would be advantaged in accommodating for accented speech due to experience with phonetic variability across their two phonological systems. It was also predicted that this hypothesized ability would be restricted to accommodating for an accent derived from a familiar language (e.g., French-English bilinguals would accommodate for French-accented English but not Mandarin-accented English), since this type of variability would be consistent with the language sounds to which infants were regularly exposed.
Study 1 set the experimental stage by identifying native and non-native speakers with similar voices, as perceived by a group of adults. This was done in order to restrict variability across speakers to differences in accent, rather than biological differences in voice (e.g., a higher or lower pitched voice). Following speaker selection, acoustic measurements of vowels and word stress placement were taken to compare native and non-native speakers and confirmed several expected deviations between native and accented speech. Study 2 tested the hypothesis that bilingual infants would be advantaged in accommodating for these deviations when the accent is derived from a familiar phonology. Using a headturn preference procedure (HPP), 9- and 13-month-old English-learning monolinguals and French-English learning bilingual infants were tested on their ability to recognize familiarized English wordforms across a native- and French-accented speaker. Bilinguals in both age groups succeeded in generalizing wordforms across speakers, however monolingual infants failed regardless of age. Study 3 tested whether bilinguals’ success would persist when the accented speaker’s first language was unfamiliar. Infants in this study failed as a group to generalize across native- and Mandarin-accented productions of English wordforms. However, bilinguals who received balanced exposure to their two languages performed better in accommodating for Mandarin accented speech than unbalanced bilinguals. This hints at a general ability to ignore irrelevant phonetic information, perhaps due to an advantage in cognitive control.
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Arey, Dale Simon. "Accommodation for the peri-parturient sow." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU032002.
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Prior to giving birth, sows are normally confined in crates. One of the current aims in pig production is to develop an alternative farrowing system in which the sows are unconfined and grouped together. The aim of the new system is to improve the welfare of the sow and litter whilst maintaining high levels of productivity. Four studies were conducted to document the nest building and social behaviour of sows so that the system can be designed to suit their needs. The fifth study compared the productivity of unconfined individual and grouped sows with confined sows. Study 1. Six sows were housed in a pen which contained a sand floor and straw dispenser. Nine and a half hours before farrowing the sows displayed rooting, pawing and straw carrying and removed 23 kg straw to build a nest with hollow, straw lining and nest rim. Six sows were presented with similar nests. Nest building behaviour was affected by feeding behaviour. Study 2. Sixteen sows were presented with a hollow (H), a mattress (M), a nest box (B) which represented the 3 nest features and a control (C). Farrowing site preference was (H) 6, (M) 6, (B) 4 and (C) 0. In trial 2, (C) was replaced by a straw area (S), all 16 sows farrowed in (S) when it contained 4.5-18 kg straw. At 2.25 kg preference was (H) 1, (M) 3, (B) 1, (S) 3. Nest building behaviour was not affected by the amount of straw in (S).Study 3. Four previously confined and 3 unconfined sows were housed in a pen which included a straw (S), a central food (F) and a control (C) area. Entry into (S) and (C) was contingent on 10 panel presses. Food was delivered into (F) every 2 hours. The sows pressed the panel for (S) more than (C). Nest builidng behaviour was affected by feeding behaviour. Confined sows tended to show more behaviour associated with the straw. In trial 2, 5 sows were housed in pen which included a straw (S), a central (C) and a food (F) area. Cost of entry into (S) and (F) was gradually increased. Food was delivered into (F) every 45 mins. The fall in work rates for straw and food were similar as the cost was increased. The work rate for straw was increased 24 hours before farrowing. Study 4. Twenty-two sows were paired with an unfamiliar conspecific in pens which contained 2 strawed lying areas. As farrowing approached, the sows spent less time lying together and the aggressive behaviour of 12 dominant prepartal sows increased significantly. The level of aggression was significantly reduced in 11 dominant prepartal sows paired with unfamiliar conspecifics in modified pens and between 9 pairs of pre-partal sows which were familiar with each other. Sows were observed to lie together at farrowing and to farrow in more than one lying area. Study 5. Appetite and piglet mortality was compared for 43 sows in straw pens, 51 sows housed with pen-mates in straw pens and 50 sows in farrowing crates. Appetite was not reduced during the periparturient period or affected by pen type. There was no difference in the number of piglets which died during the first 24 hours after farrowing in the 3 pen types. Sows in farrowing crates tended to have more stillborn piglets.
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Farmer, Henry Keith. "Managing maintenance of multiple domestic accommodation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34238.
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Buildings rarely fail within a short time of commissioning; most become unsatisfactory gradually, over a period of many years, as the design becomes obsolete and/or inadequate maintenance and improvements fail to keep pace with demand. Maintenance work is thus necessary to keep a building in an acceptable minimum condition. The industrialised building methods much used in the 1960s were frequently innovative and, at that time, unproven methods of construction. When these are added to the list of 'traditional build' failure contributors, the need for additional and regular maintenance is increased. Various factors contribute to domestic accommodation buildings ceasing to be Satisfactory—to fail in their purpose of providing a safe, warm and dry environment for the occupants. To the layperson, bad workmanship by the builders, poor quality materials, poor design and inadequate maintenance are common causes for complaint. This research investigated the cost of maintenance for buildings of multiple domestic accommodation, methods used to organise maintenance planning and budgeting, and considered whether the use of industrialised building methods had affected that cost. The current and anticipated future use of Planned Preventative Maintenance, together with other management methods, as tools for minimising maintenance cost is also examined. A method for introducing a system of planned preventative maintenance that is specifically tailored to individual buildings from a common pattern was developed as an output of this research. 'Designing out' the need for maintenance requires an understanding of maintenance activity cost centres (i.e. where does the money go and what elements of maintenance account for the greatest expenditure?). The way that building professionals perceive potential maintenance cost requirements is therefore investigated and comparison made with actual costs for the same elements of maintenance.
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Suryawardani, I. Gusti Ayu Oka. "Tourism leakage of accommodation in Bali." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010071/document.
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Le tourisme est le fer de lance de l'économie balinaise. Mais, les fruits de cette économie du tourisme ne bénéficient pas à toutes les classes de la société balinaise. Cela est dû, entre autres, au manque à gagner lorsque cette industrie importe par exemple des produits ou des services pour répondre aux besoins des touristes (alimentation pour la restauration par exemple). Le calcul du manque à gagner pour l'économie balinaise n’a jamais été fait auparavant. Pour cela, cette recherche est nécessaire. Les objectifs de la recherche étaient : de calculer le manque à gagner pour l'économie balinaise dans le secteur du logement pour les touristes en micro-économie (niveau industriel) ; d'estimer le manque à gagner pour le tourisme balinais dans le secteur de l'hébergement touristique en macroéconomie (au niveau provincial) ; d'évaluer l'impact de la subvention gouvernementale et la réduction des importations dans l' industrie du tourisme, les opportunités d'emploi et la distribution des revenus ; d'évaluer la perception et le choix des touristes internationaux face aux offres de produits importés et locaux, et aussi d'évaluer l'opinion des touristes sur le constat : est-ce que les dépenses des touristes pendant leur voyage à Bali bénéficient à la société balinaise ? ; et d'évaluer les opinions des gestionnaires des hôtels sur l'utilisation des produits importés et des produit locaux pour la consommation des touristes ; de créer une stratégie afin de minimiser le manque à gagner dans le secteur du tourisme pour l'économie balinaise. La recherche est basée sur les approches quantitatives et qualitatives. Les données primaires ont été recueillies par la méthode du sondage sur quatre destinations touristiques, à savoir : Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur et Ubud, auprès d'un échantillon de 79 hôtels selon la méthode de probabilité proportionnelle à la taille qui est divisée en trois échantillons en grappes : hôtels classés 1, 2 et 3 étoiles ; hôtels classés 4 & 5 étoiles et hôtels privés (non-chain) ou appartenant à une chaine hôtelière (chain) ; hôtels non-classés. Nombre de répondants 600 touristes internationaux qui étaient en vacances à ce moment-là. Le calcul du manque à gagner dans l'analyse micro a été mené selon la méthode d'Unluonen et. al. (2011), tandis que l'analyse macro a été faite selon la méthode de Thorbecke (1988) en utilisant l'approche de la matrice de comptabilité sociale (MCS) de la province de Bali de l'année 2010. La perception et le choix des touristes internationaux vis-à-vis des produits importés et locaux ont été analysé selon le logiciel JMP tandis que les stratégies de la minimisation du manque à gagner dans l'économie touristique balinaise ont été créées selon la méthode de l'ISM (interpretive Structural Modelling). [...] Les touristes internationaux choisissent de façon significative les produits locaux et ils sont prêts à dépenser leur argent au bénéfice des populations locales. Les gestionnaires des hôtels sont prêts à utiliser les produits locaux tant que l’offre est suffisante pour remplacer les produits importés. Les stratégies pour minimiser le manque à gagner pour le tourisme à Bali : optimiser les potentiels des produits locaux ; développer l'agriculture et l' élevage, réduire les produits importés pour la consommation des touristes, augmenter l'exportation des produits locaux, augmenter la qualité des produits locaux ainsi que la qualité des ressources humaines locales, renforcer la société locale, inciter le gouvernement à mettre en œuvre une politique de minimisation du manque à gagner dans l'économie touristique, limiter les investissements étrangers dans le secteur du logement touristique, stabiliser les fluctuations des taux de change, augmenter le rôle du Ministère des affaires étrangères, du ministère de l'industrie, du Ministère du commerce ainsi que le rôle du Ministère du tourisme et de l'économie créative afin de réduire ledit manque à gagnerTourism has become the leading economic sector in Bali Province of Indonesia. However, the economic impacts of tourism have not been convinced to be full y beneficial for Balinese community. One of the reasons is tourism leakage that occurs when the industry imports both products and services to support tourism industry in Bali. So far, the amount of tourism leakage in Bali has not been calculated yet. Therefore, there is a need to ascertain the current amount of leakage in Bali tourism. The objectives of the study are: (i) to calculate the amount of tourism leakage from accommodation sector in Bali at micro (industrial) level; (ii) to calculate the amount of tourism leakage from accommodation sector in Bali at macro (regional) level; (iii) to evaluate the impacts of government subsidies and import reduction by accommodation sector on tourism leakage, job opportunity and income distribution; (iv) to evaluate the perception and preference of foreign tourists on imported and local products as well as the willingness of foreign tourists to spend their money to benefit of Balinese people; (v) to evaluate the points of view of hotel managers related to imported and local products as well as their willingness in reducing the use of imported product and (vi) to develop strategies in minimizing tourism leakage in accommodation in Bali. Research was designed through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was collected by using survey method at four main tourist destinations in Bali, namely: Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur and Ubud. There were 79 hotels selected based upon probability proportional to size sampling method which consists of three clusters namely 1,2,3 Star-rated, 4&5 Star-rated either chain and non-chain and Non Star-rated hotels. The number of respondents was 600 foreign tourists were selected as respondents. Calculation of tourism leakage on micro analysis was undertaken by using a method developed by Unluonen, et. al. (2011), meanwhile, on macro analysis was carried out by using a method proposed by Thorbecke ( 1988) which was based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Bali 2010. Perception and preference of foreign tourists on imported and local products were analyzed by using JMP program, meanwhile, Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) was undertaken to develop strategies. The results show that based on the micro analysis, the highest tourism leakage of accommodation sector in Bali is at 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels (51.0 %), followed by 4&5 Star-rated non-chain hotels (22.7 %), 1,2&3 Star-rated hotels (12.0 %), Non-star rated hotels (8.8 %), and with the average leakage of 18.8 %. Based on macro analysis, tourism leakage of accommodation sector in Bali are as follow: (i) Leakage of Non Star-rated hotels is 2.0 %; (ii) Leakage of 1,2&3 Star-rated hotels is 15.7 %; (iii) Leakage of 4&5 Star-rated non-chain hotels is 7.1 %, (iv) Leakage of 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels is 55.3%; and (v) Average leakage of all types of accommodation is 19.5%. Foreign tourists significantly look for local products and are willing to spend their money for Balinese people. Hotel managers are willing to use local product as long as local products are available to substitute the imported products. Strategies for minimization tourism leakage are optimizing the potential of local products, develop agriculture and livestock; reduce the use of imported products for tourists, improve quality of local products and human resources, empower community, urge government to develop and implement supporting policies in minimizing tourism leakage, establish policy on restriction of foreign investment on accommodation in Bali, improve the role of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. 7 Ps of marketing mix on service: product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence need to be implemented in order to support sustainable tourism in Bali
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Aldossari, Hussain Mubarak D. "Accommodation effects on peripheral ocular biometry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95486/1/Hussain%20Mubarak%20D_Aldossari_Thesis.pdf.
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The effect of near work on the biometric properties of the eye, including the eye’s length and the thickness of the posterior vascular layer were investigated. Short-sighted eyes had greater increases in length and greater thinning of the vascular layer when focused on close objects than did normally-sighted eyes. These changes occurred across the horizontal meridian of the eye and were greatest at the posterior pole. These ocular effects of focusing may partly explain the influence of close work on development of short-sightedness.
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Dyches, Tina Taylor Morreau Lanny E. Lian Ming-Gon John. "Effects of an accommodation planning guide on teachers' recommendations of services, adaptations and accommodations for students with disabilities." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633392.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Lanny E. Morreau, Ming-Gon J. Lian (co-chairs), Dianne Ashby, Jeffrey Bakken, Margaret Shaw-Baker. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-168) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Wu, Monica S. "Family Accommodation in Adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychometric Properties of the Family Accommodation Scale - Patient Version." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5407.
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Family accommodation is a salient construct within the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and occurs in a large majority of affected individuals and their families. Accommodating behaviors can manifest in various ways, including participation in the patient's rituals, modifying everyday routines, facilitating compulsive behaviors, or providing reassurance. It has been repeatedly linked to negative outcomes, such as attenuated treatment response, increased obsessive-compulsive symptom severity, higher levels of family distress, and lower levels of functioning. As such, it is of significant clinical importance to have a standardized measure that is able to be used in research and clinical practice.
The Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (FAS) was the initial attempt at a measure to systematically assess for family accommodation in patients with OCD, with different clinician-rated and self-reported versions completed by the relative arising thereafter. However, to date, there is not a patient-reported version of the instrument. Existing measures focus on reports from the relative (e.g., the patient's significant other, parent), overlooking information from the patient themselves. Additionally, adult patients with OCD often present to clinical services alone, frequently making it impractical to obtain information from their relative. As such, it is important to have a standardized patient-reported measure to examine the accommodating behaviors.
The present study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Patient Version (FAS-PV). A large majority of the participants (88.5%) endorsed at least one type of accommodating behavior in the previous week. Provision of reassurance and waiting for completion of compulsions were the most frequently reported behaviors, while helping with personal tasks and making excuses/lying due to OCD-related impairment were the least frequently endorsed. The FAS-PV demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as good convergent/divergent validity. The FAS-PV did not significantly differ from the relative-reported measure of family accommodation in terms of internal consistency or mean scores. Ultimately, the FAS-PV demonstrated sound psychometric properties and utility in assessing family accommodation from the patient's perspective.
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Ljubimova, Darja. "Numerical modelling of the human eye accommodation /." Stockholm : Department of Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4078.
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Clarke, Jacqueline R. "Sustainable tourism : marketing of farm tourist accommodation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261392.
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Khosravi, Bahram. "The influence of ocular astigmatism on accommodation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312103.
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Rabie, E. P. "Biometry of the crystalline lens during accommodation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378316.
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Paolinelli, Irene. "Reasons for the choice of sustainable accommodation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20656.
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Mestrado em MarketingEste estudo visa compreender as razões de escolha de um alojamento sustentável. Os conceitos explorados são os antecedentes para o comportamento turístico sustentável, nomeadamente quais as atitudes, motivações, valores e estilo de vida influenciam as escolhas de viagens sustentáveis. Adota-se uma abordagem de investigação exploratória e uma investigação qualitativa mono método. Os dados são recolhidos através de entrevistas em profundidade semi-estruturadas a viajantes que escolheram alojamentos sustentáveis durante as suas viagens. Além disso, foram entrevistados também alguns gestores de estabelecimentos turísticos sustentáveis localizados em Portugal, especialmente nas proximidades de Lisboa. Pretende-se determinar quais são os fatores que mais influenciam esta escolha e definir o significado de um alojamento sustentável. O estudo procura contribuir para a área académica do consumo sustentável e do comportamento sustentável do consumidor no campo do turismo. Para além disso, fornece insights para o sector hoteleiro com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a oferta dos serviços e as estratégias de comunicação integradas.
This study aims to understand the reasons for the choice of sustainable accommodation. The concepts explored are the antecedents towards sustainable tourist behaviour, namely which attitudes, motivations, values, lifestyle influence sustainable travel choices. It adopts an exploratory research approach and a mono method qualitative research design. Data are collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews to travellers staying in sustainable accommodation and to managers of sustainable tourist establishments based in Portugal, in particular, nearby the Lisbon Area. It is intended to determine which factors influence this choice the most and to define sustainable accommodation. The study seeks to contribute to the academic area of green consumption and sustainable consumer behaviour in the tourism field. Moreover, it provides insights to the hospitality sector to focus better on the services offer and integrated communication strategies.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Randhawa, Parminder. "Pharmacological and physiological manipulation of ocular accommodation." Thesis, Aston University, 2017. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/30401/.
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The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate in-vivo changes to ocular morphology during ocular accommodation, with particular attention to ciliary muscle changes, using pharmacological agents and physiological stimuli. To determine the optimum target for accommodation studies, accommodative responses to different stimuli were investigated. Insignificant differences in accommodative responses to a letter target and Maltese cross were found. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) and semi-automated software were used for in-vivo investigation of ciliary muscle morphology. As expected, anti-muscarinic agents reduced the accommodative amplitude, the greatest effect evident with cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%, which was, in turn, associated with a reduced forward movement of the ciliary muscle, possibly due to the restricted movement of radial and longitudinal fibres. Pilocarpine nitrate 2% induced a contractile shortening and anterior thickening of the ciliary muscle in both pre-presbyopic and presbyopic eyes. However, pilocarpine does not seem to be a super-stimulus for accommodation. Comparison between cyclopentolate and pilocarpine ciliary muscle morphology further supported the concept that anterior movement of ciliary muscle mass is essential to elicit higher accommodative amplitudes. Ciliary muscle asymmetry was identified between horizontal and vertical meridians. The findings confirmed a longer ciliary muscle in axial elongated eyes, however, only within the temporal, nasal, and superior muscle quadrants. Nevertheless, during accommodation, anterior thickening and contractile shortening of the muscle was evident for all four quadrants. The effect of accommodation on posterior eye conformation revealed a homogenous elongation of the posterior pole, with the greatest expansion occurring along the inferior-nasal quadrant, rather than the visual axis. The possibility of a vitreous role in accommodation is discussed. The studies presented herein suggest a forward movement of ciliary muscle mass is necessary for accommodation. Further research is required to establish whether a mechanical restriction occurs to the muscle with increasing age, resulting in presbyopia. Moreover, investigations are required to explore the variation in ciliary muscle morphology in eyes with ametropia, as well as the likely role of the vitreous in accommodation.
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Vial, Vazquez Andrea Celeste. "A Role-Based Theory of Prejudice Accommodation." Thesis, Yale University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10957350.
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This dissertation developed and tested a role-based framework drawing from role theory to understand how external factors contribute to the spread of bias in organizations. Using experimental social psychological methods, the twelve studies in this dissertation investigated why other people's prejudices can sometimes influence individuals' decisions and behaviors due to the demands of the decision maker role. Role theory posits that there are certain expectations associated with specific roles, and the roles that people occupy can determine their attitudes and behaviors. Across studies, participants placed in a decision-making role in charge of hiring selections accommodated the prejudices of relevant third parties in their decisions (i.e., the "third-party prejudice effect''). Specifically, consistent with the proposed model, in the studies described in Chapter 2, individuals in charge of selection decisions were significantly less likely to select a woman when a relevant third party was prejudiced against women. Chapter 3 extended this inquiry to novel, fictional groups, generalizing the third-party prejudice effect beyond the context of gender bias.
According to a role-based framework, concerns relevant to the decision maker role become highly salient in contexts of third-party prejudice, motivating those in charge of hiring selections to accommodate this prejudice in order to accomplish role-relevant goals. In particular, in the context of hiring selections, decision makers accommodate third-party prejudice without coercion because they engage in two types of considerations, focused (a) on maximizing performance (i.e.. task-focused concerns). and (b) on avoiding conflict or facilitating relations among the parties involved (i.e., interpersonal concerns). These task-focused and interpersonal concerns are relevant to the decision maker role and reflect well-established distinctions between instrumental and socioemotional dimensions of group processes. This proposed mechanism was experimentally supported. revealing that task-focused and interpersonal concerns significantly mediated the effect both in the context of gender prejudice (Chapter 2) as well as in a novel groups context (Chapter 3). Furthermore, in Chapter 2, experimentally reducing role-relevant concerns by manipulating task-focused considerations significantly reduced the accommodation of third-party prejudice against women.
In line with the notion that roles impact behavior above and beyond individual-level attitudes and beliefs, participants in two studies accommodated prejudice against women in their selections regardless of their personal endorsement of modern sexism and traditional gender stereotypes (Chapter 2). Participants similarly accommodated third-party prejudice against groups about which they knew very little, in contexts in which pre-existing biases or the endorsement of cultural stereotypes had little bearing on their selections (Chapter 3). Moreover, consistent with the proposition that roles shape behavior more strongly than social identity, participants across studies accommodated third-party prejudice in their decisions even when such prejudice was directed toward a social category in-group. A role-based framework can illuminate the institutional factors that produce social disparities, and can contribute to a growing understanding of the reasons why members of underrepresented groups sometimes appear to treat each other poorly in organizational contexts.
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Lossing, Laura Ashley Eisele. "Changes in Ciliary Muscle Thickness with Accommodation." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306365302.
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Zehner, Gregory F. "Prediction of anthropometric accommodation in aircraft cockpits /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203857251563.
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Hogan, Robert E. "Aspects of tonic accommodation and tonic vergence." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14586/.
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Under conditions of reduced visual stimulation, the systems of accommodation and vergence tend towards physiological resting states that are intermediate within their functional range. The terms tonic accommodation (TA) and tonic vergence (TV) are used in the study to describe these stimulus-free, intermediate adjustments and to represent the systems as being in a state of innervational tonicity. The literature relating to TA and TV and the various experiments of this thesis are reviewed. Methodology has been developed enabling the determination of TA and TV under conditions of total darknessl laser optometry for TA and ~ernier-alignment for TV. The thesis describes a series of experiments designed to investigate various aspects of TA and TV, and their role in ametropia, binocular vision and their adaptation to sustained visual tasks. Measurements of TA were also utilised to investigate the effect of various autonomic effector drugs on the ciliary muscle. The effects of ethanol on binocular function are shown to be directly proportional to the .initial level of TVJ which is itself unaffected. These results support the concept of TV as the reference point for normal vergence responses. The results of the pharmacological investigations indicate the presence of a small but significant, beta-receptor mediated inhibitory sympathetic input to the ciliary muscle, and that the wide distribution in TA is a consequence of inter-observer variations in parasympathetic, rather than sympathetic tone. Following interaction with visual tasks of t5mins duration, the levels of TA and TV are found to be biased in the direction of, and proportional to, the task position: except during near-task viewing where the task-to-TA stimulus-distance exceeds 1.5D (for TA) and 3.5deg (for TV). Under these conditions the expected level of bias is attenuated, Adaptive models are discussed, proposing TA and TV as the reference points of the accommodative and vergence system.
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Alfaifi, Mohammed. "THE STUDY OF FAIFI SPEAKERS' LINGUISTIC ACCOMMODATION." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1370.
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This study examined the use of communication accommodation among speakers of Faifi Arabic. Twenty participants from the Faifi speech community were selected based on two social factors: age and locality. The participants were divided into two age groups of 18-35 (younger generation) and 45 and over (older generation). With regards to locality, half the participants came from the Faifi Mountains, where the Faifi dialect is spoken natively, and half from cities in Saudi Arabia outside the Faifi Mountains. The data were collected by online survey and examined through statistical analysis via SPSS software version 18.0 for Mac OS X, 10.6.8. The findings revealed that Faifi speakers generally chose convergence communication accommodation in their speech when communicating with speakers from other dialects of Saudi Arabia. With respect to the examined social factors, the results of the effects of age in the communication accommodation indicated that the younger generation accommodated their speech more than the older generation. Further, the results reflected that locality had significant effects on the process of communication accommodation within the Faifi speech community. It was found that Faifi speakers who live out of Faifi Mountains used divergence accommodation when speaking with someone from their speech community and they probably did so to show their identity and to achieve the group solidarity.
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Clayton, Spencer Paul. "Malingering Detection among Accommodation-Seeking University Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2539.
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Universities have increasingly sought to provide accommodative services to students with learning disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent decades thereby creating a need for diagnostic batteries designed to evaluate cognitive abilities relevant to academic performance. Given that accommodative services (extended time on tests, alternate test forms, etc.) provide incentive to distort impairment steps should be taken to estimate the rate at which students distort impairment and to evaluate the accuracy with which symptom distortion is identified. In order to address these concerns, the Word-Memory Test, Test of Memory Malingering, and Fake Bad Scale (of the MMPI-2) were compared in terms of their clinical utility in a university sample within a two-part study. In the first portion of the study, an analogue design (which included a control group (n = 29) and an experimental group (n = 30) that was asked to simulate an academic disability) was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each measure. In the second portion of this study, scores were collected for 121 consecutively presenting students who were evaluated for academic difficulty at a large private university. Failure rates on measures of malingering placed the base rate of malingering within this population between 10 and 25 percent. The Word-Memory Test (WMT) demonstrated the most robust sensitivity and specificity. The modest sensitivity of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) can be partially explained by the ease with which the measure is completed by university students as well as the format of its presentation. Although the scores on Fake Bad Scale (FBS) are modestly correlated with group membership (between controls and simulators), its use should be discouraged in this context due to poor sensitivity and to high rates of false positives.
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Niyazmand, Hamed. "Anterior scleral changes with accommodation and convergence." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202080/1/Hamed_Niyazmand_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provided new insight into the effect of near activities and short-sightedness (myopia) on the anterior eye structure. The sclera is the eye's protective outer layer, that plays an important role in myopia, one of the most common eye conditions that has also been linked to near activities (e.g. reading).
This project evaluated the anterior sclera in participants with different levels of short-sightedness and assessed how the sclera changes during near activities. Scleral shape changed significantly with increasing levels of short-sightedness, and near activities (focusing and convergence) caused a forward movement and thickening of the nasal anterior sclera.
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Kaphle, Dinesh. "Ciliary muscle function and accommodation in myopia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212645/1/Dinesh_Kaphle_Thesis.pdf.
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Myopia (short-sightedness) is a progressive condition often associated with near work. This research investigated the accommodation system during treatment with myopia-control multifocal spectacles. Meta-analysis of prior work showed that effectiveness of multifocal spectacles reduces with time, even after the first six months. During accommodation, the anterior ciliary muscle thickens, and its overall length reduces, in both emmetropes and myopes. Myopes have the larger lags of accommodation. Multifocal spectacles initially decrease the lags, but over-time the lags increase, and upgrading addition power by 0.50D restores the initial effect. Modifications to add power can sustain the treatment effect for longer periods.
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Bhatti, Haroon Haider. "Pakistan's accommodative moves vis-a-vis India, a case study of the dynamics of accommodation in the developing world." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64130.pdf.
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Landrum, Brian Thomas. "The Effect of Letter Size on the Accommodative Response A Thesis." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243026823.
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Curd, Alistair Paul. "Ocular accommodation control and adaptive optics : the development of monocular and binocular adaptive optics instrumentation for the study of accommodation and convergence, and study of the monocular accommodative response to rapid changes in dioptric stimuli." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7323.
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The relationship between accommodation and myopia has been under investigation for many years, and the effort to understand it is ongoing. In this thesis, an introduction to the state of myopia research is given first, with particular reference to studies of accommodation and higher-order ocular aberrations, which feature in the subsequent chapters. Following a brief introduction to the general technique of aberrometry and visual stimulus control using adaptive optics, the development of a monocular adaptive optics instrument for this purpose is described. The instrument is used to vary a dioptric stimulus and record the accommodation response in pilot studies and a detailed experiment, which has also been published elsewhere. It is found, among other things, that accommodation can respond to more than one different input level during its latency period, and that such inputs can be stored until components of the accommodation control system are free to process them. Indications of a minimum halting time for accommodation, of around 0.6 s, are presented. In later chapters, the development and testing of a new, binocular adaptive optics apparatus will be found. As well as binocular aberrometry and adaptive optics control of stimulus aberrations, this instrument displaces images to allow for and stimulate ocular convergence in binocular accommodation experiments. It is the first instrument in the world with its combined functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this thesis is summarised, and further instrumentation development and experiments are put forward for the continuation of this branch of accommodation and myopia research.
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Curd, Alistair P. "Ocular accommodation control and adaptive optics. The development of monocular and binocular adaptive optics instrumentation for the study of accommodation and convergence, and study of the monocular accommodative response to rapid changes in dioptric stimuli." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7323.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between accommodation and myopia has been under investigation for many years, and the effort to understand it is ongoing.
In this thesis, an introduction to the state of myopia research is given first, with particular reference to studies of accommodation and higher-order ocular aberrations, which feature in the subsequent chapters.
Following a brief introduction to the general technique of aberrometry and visual stimulus control using adaptive optics, the development of a monocular adaptive optics instrument for this purpose is described. The instrument is used to vary a dioptric stimulus and record the accommodation response in pilot studies and a detailed experiment, which has also been published elsewhere. It is found, among other things, that accommodation can respond to more than one different input level during its latency period, and that such inputs can be stored until components of the accommodation control system are free to process them. Indications of a minimum halting time for accommodation, of around 0.6 s, are presented.
In later chapters, the development and testing of a new, binocular adaptive optics apparatus will be found. As well as binocular aberrometry and adaptive optics control of stimulus aberrations, this instrument displaces images to allow for and stimulate ocular convergence in binocular accommodation experiments. It is the first instrument in the world with its combined functionalities.
Finally, the contribution of this thesis is summarised, and further instrumentation development and experiments are put forward for the continuation of this branch of accommodation and myopia research.
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Otero, Molins Carles. "Lens-based technologies to study accommodation and refraction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461452.
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A visual stimulus can be presented in free space or through lens-based systems. Interestingly, it has been reported many times in the past that some subjects have poorer accommodative responses when optically stimulated, with no aparent reason. However, this limitation has not precluded the use of lens-based systems in ophthalmic devices, virtual reality displays or research setups, probably because it is outweighed by some advantages such as the computer-control of the focal plane of the stimuli. Under this general context, the objective of this thesis is to apply lens-based technologies (from computer-controlled electró-optical lenses to Badal Systems) to study accommodation and refraction.
The methodology of this thesis is structured in 6 studies. The first three studies investigate the response of the accommodative system when optically-stimulated with a Badal optometer. The remaining 3 studies take advantage of electro-optical varifocal systems to investigate new methodologies related to the automated subjective refraction and the accommodative facility test. Concretely, the fourth study is a clinical validation of a new automated refraction algorithm and is the only study thatworks specifically on eye¿s refraction. The fifth and sixth studies use an electro-optical liquid lens to present a repeated step-like stimulus at different accommodative distances. The fifth study validates a new accommodative facility test that integrates both the far and near accommodative facility testwith random changes of accommodative stimulus and, the sixth study explores how the predictability of a stimulus affects the accommodation dynamics.
The results of the first three studies show that previously reported differences in accommodative response when using lens-based methods compared to free space viewing may be explained by the effect of other factors such as the refractive error or field of view rather than the method to stimulate accommodation. It is also shown that the most accurate accommodative responses are obtained for fields between 8º and 10º which suggests that there may be an optimum peripheral retinal image size for accommodation stimulation. Also, it is shown that the only factor that in isolation significantly affects the accuracy of the accommodative responses is the type of refractive error. And finally, it is also shown that the accuracy of the accommodation response generally improves with a 2-dimensional stimulus with apparent depth cues and simulated out-of-focus blur in a relatively large field of view. Even though these conditions may not be adequate for all individuals, they can be used to improve the overall visual comfort in those virtual reality systems that use a varifocal optical system to change the focal plane of a 2-dimensional surface or visual simulators.
The results of the study 4 show the first implementation of a potential novel method of performing non1cycloplegic subjective refraction in adults without clinician suport. Although this method has some limitations thatwarrant further research and it should be tested in a wider population in terms of age4 refraction and different ocular conditions4 it is precise and more accurate than objective refraction methods and it has the potential to be incorporated in novel lens1based technologies to improve primary eye care services in developing countries.
And finally, the last two studies showed also the first implementation of a new accommodative facility test that integrates both the far and near accommodative facility testwith random changes of accommodative stimulus. This new methodology is a faster test than performing both the near and far accommodative tests and it provides more information than conventional accommodative facility tests. Additionally these two studies showed that the prediction operator does not exist in accommodation and the unpredictability of the stimulus does not affect the accommodation dynamics.Un estímul visual es pot presentar a l'espai lliure o a través de sistemes basats en lents. Curiosament, en el passat s'ha reportat moltes vegades que alguns subjectes acomoden de forma més pobre quan aquesta és estimulada per mitjans òptics. Tanmateix, aquesta limitació no ha impedit l'ús de sistemes basats en lents en dispositius oftàlmics, sistemes de realitat virtual o muntatges òptics de recerca, probablement perquè es compensen les limitacions amb alguns avantatges com el control per ordinador del pla focal del estímul. En aquest context general, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és aplicar tecnologies basades en lents (des de lents electró-òptiques controlades per ordinador fins a sistemes Badal) per estudiar l'acomodació i refracció. La metodologia d'aquesta tesi està estructurada en 6 estudis. Els primers tres estudis investiguen la resposta del sistema acomodatiu quan està estimulat òpticament amb un optòmetre Badal. Els 3 estudis restants aprofiten els sistemes varifocals electró-òptics per investigar noves metodologies relacionades amb la refracció subjectiva automàtica i la prova de flexibilitat acomodativa. Concretament, el quart estudi és una validació clínica d'un nou algorisme de refracció automatitzat i és l'únic estudi que treballa específicament en la refracció ocular. Els estudis cinquè i sisè utilitzen una lent òptica electró-òptica per presentar un estímul repetit a diferents distàncies acomodatives. El cinquè estudi valida una nova prova híbrida acomodativa que integra la prova de flexibilitat acomodativa llunyana i propera amb canvis aleatoris d'estímul acomodatiu i, el sisè estudi explora com la predictibilitat d'un estímul afecta la dinàmica acomodativa. Els resultats dels tres primers estudis mostren que les diferències reportades anteriorment en la resposta acomodativa quan s'utilitzen mètodes basats en lents en comparació amb la visualització d'estímuls en l'espai lliure es pot explicar per l'efecte de factors com l'error refractiu o el camp de visió més que en el mètode d'estimulació d'acomodació. També es demostra que l'acomodació és més precisa per a camps visuals entre 8 i 10º, el que suggereix que hi pot haver una mida d'imatge retiniana òptima per a l'estimulació de l'acomodació. A més, es demostra que l'únic factor que afecta aïlladament l'exactitud de la resposta acomodativa és el tipus d'error refractiu. També, es demostra que la precisió de la resposta acomodativa generalment millora amb un estímul bidimensional amb pistes de profunditat perifèriques i desenfoc simulat per a un camp de visió relativament gran. Aquestes condicions es poden utilitzar per millorar el confort visual en aquells sistemes de realitat virtual o simuladors visuals que utilitzen un sistema òptic varifocal per canviar el pla focal d'una superfície bidimensional. Els resultats de l'estudi 4 mostren la primera implementació d'un nou mètode potencial per a la realització de refracció subjectiva no cicloplègica en adults sense suport clínic. Encara que aquest mètode requereix encara una investigació addicional en una població més àmplia en termes d'edat, refracció i condicions oculars diferents, és més precís que els mètodes de refracció objectius i té el potencial d'incorporar-se a noves tecnologies basades en lents per millorar els serveis d'atenció primària en països en vies de desenvolupament. Finalment, els dos últims estudis mostren la primera implementació d'una nova prova de flexibilitat acomodativa que integra tant la prova llunyana i propera, amb canvis aleatoris d'estímul acomodatiu. Aquesta nova metodologia és una prova més ràpida que l'execució de les proves d'acomodació pròxima i llunyana i proporciona més informació que les proves de flexibilitat acomodativa per separat. Addicionalment, aquests dos estudis mostren que la capacitat predictiva en l'acomodació es insignificant i que la imprevisibilitat de l'estímul no afecta la dinàmica acomodativa
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Staxered, Pernilla. "The Dark Focus of Accommodation in Swedish Myopes." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2273.
Full textAbstract:
The dark focus is a resting state of accommodation, which occurs when there are not enough stimuli for the eye to focus on. This means that the eye becomes more myopic and some people notice a blur for example at night time, more known as night myopia. In this study the dark focus in Swedish myopes is measured and any difference between early and late onset myopes is investigated.
Method: The dominant eye of 56 myopes was first measured with static retinoscopy, using a distant target, and then with near retinoscopy, with the retinoscope beam as the target. The full working distance of 2.00 D was subtracted in both methods and the values were compared. The difference, if any, was the dark focus.
Results: The mean value of dark focus was 0.53 D ± 0.26 for the entire group. The mean value for early onset myopes was 0.56 D ± 0.29 and for late onset myopes the mean value was 0.47 D ± 0.21. This showed no significant difference (p-value = 0.18). No significant correlation between amount of refractive error and dark focus was found.
Conclusion: The Swedish myopes in this study have a smaller mean value of dark focus than mean values found in other studies using the same technique and the previous findings that early and late onset myopes differ in mean values of dark focus is not applied to this study.
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Kawser, Zahid A. S. M. "A Modular Design Methodology for OSV Accommodation Areas." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18610.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore shipbuilding industry is known for its highly customized products, which are in most cases tailor-made for specific missions. Being a traditionally conservative industry, it follows conventional design practices. Because of the urge to quickly respond to changing market situations and the need for a structured method to reuse design knowledge across different projects, modern design methodologies like modularization are of considerable interest in this industry. To implement modular thinking, it has to overcome many challenges such as non-functional engineering description of design, scaling, clustering, logistical issues, structural complexities etc. Different modular methodologies can be adopted to establish a modular product platform. Modular Function Deployment (MFDTM) is a popular theory of modularization with five distinct steps to identify the objects that should be modularized and optimize them for the whole manufacturing system. Application of MFDTM method reveals that among various spaces inside the accommodation of an OSV, crew single, crew double and officer’s cabins are the most appropriate ones to be modularized.Based on the output of MFDTM method and the vessel database from System Based Ship Design (SBSD) approach for OSVs, a decision support framework has been developed to assist the naval architect of the vessel to design the accommodation block. Standardized templates are used for arrangement of the modules. The spaces in the accommodation are categorized into three module classes. The DSF can calculate the optimum size, type and location of the modules according to design requirements and system constraints. The vessel database is used here to determine the required area for the spaces that are not standardized. The DSF is demonstrated by an illustrative example and later by a simplified real case study. A mock up of a user interface has also been developed to give an idea of user interaction with a computer tool based on the DSF. For the real case study, a small program has been developed containing some 1200+ lines of code, which can process simplified accommodation design cases.To build an effective DSS for designing the accommodation block of OSVs, standardization of spaces by modularization must be done with enough room for flexibility of design by designer intervention. This DSF exhibits the underlying logics and structure of such DSS, which can be very useful to the designers upon further development.
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Kelly, Jon Edward. "Social policy in Ontario : the politics of accommodation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24035.
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Button, David B. "Canadian Forces families : social impacts of accommodation policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27849.
Full textAbstract:
Since World War II the Canadian military community has evolved to meet the needs of a permanent military force and has changed from the preserve of the single male to include women and families. Thus the Department of National Defence (DND) has become concerned with the welfare of military families as an integral part of military preparedness.
A variety of accommodation policies were formulated and programs established to satisfy the needs of these families who worked and lived in such a unique environment. These policies and programs have emphasised housing and related infrastructure, and included both physical and social services. They have, in part, enabled DND to relieve many family related problems despite the disruptive lifestyle.
However, as a result of evolutionary changes in the Canadian Forces, the lifestyle of Canadians and the general economic situation, concern has arisen that current DND policies relating to housing and service provision may no longer be appropriate or effective.
This thesis looks at the lifestyle and unique difficulties of military families in order to evaluate the social impacts on the families resulting from accommodation policy. Although the general question of whether DND should even be in the business of creating and maintaining its own communities is complex and requires the consideration of many factors, this thesis limits itself to the social impacts of accommodation policies. Since it is generally perceived that social concerns have received limited consideration in the past, this thesis develops a framework to consider and include such concerns. This is done through: secondary research of analogous civilian communities and other military communities; primary data from recent DND family studies; informal interviews with families and decision-makers in the military community; and, the personal experience of the author as a member of the military community.
There are four main findings. First, a framework based on Lichfield's Planning Balance Sheet methodology is a suitable and appropriate tool for assisting decision-makers in making informed choices. Second, the creation of a Non-Public Housing Society responding to DND but operated at arms-length, is seen as a viable housing policy alternative which deserves further study. Third, the social impacts on military families resulting from the municipalization of physical services are not significant. And fourth,.; social services when provided internally appear more successful.
The unique lifestyle of military families is linked to operational effectiveness and military preparedness through the work/family environment. The importance of social planning on this interface is emphasized to encourage decision-makers to explicitly incorporate social planning into the decision-making process. The Planning Balance Sheet methodology is suggested as an appropriate one for this purpose.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Jalan, Abhimanyu. "Control of accommodation payments made by transnational corporations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6729.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation attempts to shed light on illegal and questionable payments made by the transnational corporations. It commences with a definition of the kinds of payments to be considered, discusses the various elements involved in the making of such payments, and identifies the various parties involved in such transactions. It then goes on to analyze the effects of such payments in detail, highlighting their economic and socio-political impact, in an effort to provide a justification for controlling such payments. Thereafter, the dissertation discusses the benefits of an international code as a means to control such payments and provides a detailed discussion of the international efforts made to date by various international organisations like the United Nations and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The dissertation then outlines the problems which hamper the successful implementation of these international efforts. This section contains a discussion as to the impediment created by the conflicting stance taken by the developed and the developing countries on the matter. After taking all this into consideration, the dissertation focuses on the problems encountered by nations which unilaterally attempt to curb the practice of making illegal and questionable payments, and the experience of the United States of America is discussed in detail. Finally, the dissertation suggests means which might help in controlling and more effectively restraining the transnational corporations and all the parties involved from resorting to illegal or questionable payments in international commercial transactions in the near future.
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Rich, Barbara Sharon. "Development of an in vitro model for accommodation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28982.pdf.
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Chavanne, Erin. "A Natural Language Search Interface for Accommodation Queries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1202.
Full textAbstract:
Services that once required human interaction are now completed with the click of a few buttons. In general, this allows for a more streamlined process for activities such as sending messages (email or text messages), filing taxes, or even shopping for groceries. In terms of searching for hotels and travel accommodations however, this process has not proven to be the most effective as the speed and efficiency is hindered by the interface through which this information is available. Choosing a travel specific site, filling in the required fields, combing through results for the desired specifications, and then possibly repeating the process elsewhere, does not provide the ability for the user to express the entirety of their preferences for the accommodation and is therefore not an effective method for searching.
Natural language search provides a more accessible and intuitive interface for accommodation searching. Instead of specifying fields that may not encompass the the entirety of the desired search, the user is able to express all of the aspects in a single, natural language, search.
In this project, we propose a natural language search interface for accommodations such as hotels, hostels, or apartments. Data acquired through Amazon Mechanical Turk is used to create a system for extracting various accommodation fields. Zilyo and Expedia APIs are then queried for real-time accommodation listings. These results are then adjusted based on the specifics of the search that were not included in the original query. A natural language search of this kind is not only more accessible on the consumer end, but provides data that pertains directly to the the entirety of the intended search.