Journal articles on the topic 'Acclimatization (Plants) – New South Wales'
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1
Sanderson, Rachel. "Many Beautiful Things: Colonial Botanists' Accounts of the North Queensland Rainforests." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr07004.
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Colonial botanists played an important role in both elucidating and reshaping the nature of the North Queensland rainforests between 1860 and 1915. The Government Botanist of Victoria, Ferdinand von Mueller, was the first to begin to document the plant life of North Queensland. In 1859, on separation from New South Wales, Queensland's first Colonial Botanist was appointed to the Brisbane Botanic Gardens; this role was filled initially by Walter Hill, then by Frederick Manson Bailey.They were based at a distance from the northern rainforests and largely relied on local collectors to supply them with specimens that they would then identify, name and describe. They were also part of a network that assisted in the introduction of plants to North Queensland from other tropical locations for acclimatization purposes, and they worked to promote the development of tropical agriculture in the region. Colonial botanists not only promoted the settlement of rainforest areas and utilization of rainforest species, they also recorded and commented on the associated processes of environmental change that they observed.
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Adam, Paul. "Saltmarsh plants of New South Wales." Wetlands Australia 1, no. 1 (January 4, 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.48.
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Gibson, Robert. "Carnivorous Plants of New South Wales, Australia." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 28, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn282.rg956.
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JAcobs, Surrey, and Lissa Lapinpuro. "Alterations to the Census of New South Wales plants." Telopea 2, no. 6 (April 24, 1986): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19864608.
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Giles, Robyn L., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Neville G. Walsh. "Variation in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum: morphometric and anatomical evidence (Rutaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 4 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07023.
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Specimens of Phebalium glandulosum Hook. subsp. glandulosum representing the entire geographic range of the subspecies were examined for morphological and anatomical variation. Phenetic patterns were identified with the pattern analysis package PATN, and three distinct groups were identified. One group consists of plants from inland areas of New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia; a second group consists of plants collected from alongside the Snowy River in eastern Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales; and a third group consists of plants from Queensland and northern New South Wales. The climate analysis program BIOCLIM was used to compare climate variables across the geographic range, and showed clear climatic separation in support of the phenetic analysis. The three groups are formally recognised here as distinct subspecies. Plants from Queensland and the Bourke region of northern New South Wales belong to the typical subspecies; plants from north-western Victoria, central New South Wales, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia form a cohesive assemblage and are recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. macrocalyx; and plants from the Snowy River in far eastern Victoria and the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales form a distinct and isolated group recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. riparium. These new subspecies are formally described, and an identification key and summaries distinguishing all six subspecies of P. glandulosum are presented.
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Brouwer, N., Q. Liu, D. Harrington, J. Kohen, S. Vemulpad, J. Jamie, M. Randall, and D. Randall. "An Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants in New South Wales." Molecules 10, no. 10 (October 30, 2005): 1252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/10101252.
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Lampert, R. J., and Frances Sanders. "Plants and Men on the Beecroft Peninsula, New South Wales." Mankind 9, no. 2 (May 10, 2010): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1973.tb01380.x.
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MÜLLER, GREGG. "Hypolithic Plants from Carruthers Peak, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, Australia." Geographical Research 47, no. 4 (December 2009): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00591.x.
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Cunnington, J. H., M. J. Priest, R. A. Powney, and Norma J. Cother. "Diversity ofBotryosphaeriaspecies on horticultural plants in Victoria and New South Wales." Australasian Plant Pathology 36, no. 2 (2007): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap07002.
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Jarman, PJ, CM Phillips, and JJ Rabbidge. "Diets of Black-stripped wallabies in New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910403.
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In both the wet and dry extremes of its remnant range in northern New South Wales, the black-striped wallaby, Macropus dorsalis, eats predominantly monocotyledonous plants, selecting leaves and, in some seasons, seedheads. The wallabies eat a wide range of monocot species, taking these from the habitat in which they shelter in the daytime as well as from that in which they forage at night. This study suggests that reserves for the conservation of the species need to include nocturnal foraging as well as diurnal sheltering habitats.
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Campbell, MH, AM Bowman, WD Bellotti, DJ Munich, and HI Nicol. "Recruitment of Curly Mitchell Grass (Astrebla Lappacea) in North-Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 18, no. 1 (1996): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9960179.
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The recruitment of Astrebla lappacea was studied from 1986 to 1995 in a pasture in north-western NSW where the density of plants had declined from 1 to 3 plants/m2 in 1970 to 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986. Three treatments were imposed: ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, where annual weeds were treated with herbicides and slashing to reduce competition during recruitment; ungrazed-only; and grazed-only. The seed bank of A. lappacea was measured on four occasions and densities of A. lappacea plants determined after major rainfall events mainly in summer and autumn. On the ungrazed treatments the seed bank of A. lappacea increased from 0 in 1988 to 908, 898 and 286 germinable seed/m2 in, respectively, 1992, 1993 and 1995. Flowering and seedling recruitment occurred each year from 1988 to 1995 but seedlings only survived to become mature plants from the 1988 and 1992 recruitments. The major reason for the death of seedlings was dry conditions in the latter half of the year (1 10 to 135 mm of raid6 months). Frosts and competition from Brassicaceae weeds (mainly Raphistrum rugosum) in winter and spring also contributed to death of seedlings. Recruitment of seedlings and their survival to mature plants was higher on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed treatment than on the other treatments. Recruitment and survival on the ungrazed-only treatment occurred because Brassicaceae weeds did not establish when recruiting rains fell in summer. Plant densit increased from 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986 to, respectively, 0.86, 0.64 Y and 0.004 mature plantdm and 7.88, 6.37, 0.10 seedlings/m2 on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, ungrazed-only and grazed-only treatments in 1995. On the grazed-only treatment the methods used to detect seeds revealed none in the soil during the experiment. However, some seeds were present because there was a low level of recruitment none of which survived to mature plants. The number of mature plants declined from 0.023 to 0.004/m2 indicating that under the present grazing system the complete elimination of A. lappacea from pastures in north-western NSW is possible if some form of managed recruitment is not devised.
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Bowman, A. M., M. B. Peoples, W. Smith, and J. Brockwell. "Factors affecting nitrogen fixation by dryland lucerne in central-western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01103.
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Eight stands of dryland lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Trifecta were grown on a red-brown earth at Trangie, New South Wales. The stands were of varying age and plant density. Their biomass production and capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen were measured on 15 occasions over a 5-year period (1995-99). Biomass production (shoot dry matter) ranged from 0.22 to 4.87 t/ha.year and nitrogen fixed from 1.8 to 78.6 kg/ha.year. Whereas biomass production was highest in summer periods, most nitrogen fixation took place in winter and autumn. Irrespective of stand age, greatest productivity occurred in the early years of the experiment and declined thereafter. Plant density varied from 6 to 21 plants/m2 at the commencement of the study and decreased over time. We conclude that the productive life of dryland lucerne stands in this environment is probably limited by frequent periods of moisture stress and high soil temperatures in summer. Stands with a lucerne density of 8 plants/m2 or better produced twice as much shoot biomass and fixed nearly double the amount of shoot N as did stands with densities of 7 plants/m2 or less. There was no relationship between the age of lucerne stands per se and biomass production or nitrogen fixation. The practical implication of this work for farmers in the dryland cropping zone of central-western New South Wales who wish to maximise nitrogen fixation from the lucerne phase of their cropping rotations is to establish and maintain dryland lucerne at 8 plants/m2 or better.
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Milthorpe, PL, and RL Dunstone. "The potential of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) in New South Wales. 1. Growth and yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890383.
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Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis [Link] Schneider) was tested at several sites and on various soil types to assess its production potential under rainfed conditions in semi-arid areas of New South Wales. Stands were established using either plants grown from seed or cuttings taken from selected plants. With good nutrition and weed control, plant height increased at a similar rate over the experiment at all but the most sandy site, where growth was consistently poorer despite similar climatic conditions and management. Stands established from seed had extremely variable yields. Some plants failed to produce seed after 8 years while other plants consistently produced fruit after year 4, with yields as high as 1 kg clean seed per bush by year 8. The average yield was well under 200 g plant-1 except at Trangie in 1986-87 (590 g plant-1). At year 3, 50-100% of female plants were unproductive and by year 8, between 8 and 26% of plants remained unproductive. The variation in yield of the sampled population was consistently high irrespective of seasonal conditions, and usually the upper quartile yield was only marginally higher than the mean. However, the maximum yielding plant produced up to 10 times the mean yield. By contrast, the variation in yield of individuals within a clone was low regardless of the yield potential of that clone and the maximum yielding plant rarely exceeded twice the mean yield. Some clones (A, B and F) show promise as agricultural lines as they are relatively consistent yielders and show early yield development. The highest yield obtained extrapolates to 1.1 t ha-1 at year 7 at a site which averages 417 mm rainfall per year. Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the high variability and fluctuations in yield.
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McDougall, Keith L., Penelope J. Gullan, Phil Craven, Genevieve T. Wright, and Lyn G. Cook. "Cycad killer, qu'est-ce que c'est? Dieback of Macrozamia communis on the south coast of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 2 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20071.
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The association of an armoured scale insect (a diaspidid) with dieback of a population of a native cycad (Macrozamia communis L.A.S.Johnson) was investigated on the south coast of New South Wales. The diaspidid was found to be undescribed but morphologically similar to oleander scale – here we call it Aspidiotus cf. nerii. It is probably native to Australasia and its current known distribution is within Murramarang National Park (MNP). Aspidiotus cf. nerii has been abundant on symptomatic M. communis at MNP over at least the past decade and has spread to new parts of the park. In population studies of infested and uninfested areas we found that, although both areas had populations with reverse J curves showing dominance of seedlings, mortality of seedlings and caulescent plants was significantly higher in infested sites. Infested areas had been burnt less frequently than uninfested areas. Fire does not appear to eradicate the diaspidid but may reduce its effects enough for plants to recover. We recommend further research into the use of fire as a management tool. Although other factors may be contributing to the severity of the dieback, we suggest there is sufficient evidence for the diaspidid to be regarded as the primary cause of dieback in M. communis in MNP, regardless of its origin. Given the occurrence of similar diaspidids on cultivated plants in botanic gardens, translocation of threatened Macrozamia species using plants grown in nurseries should be undertaken with extreme caution.
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NELSON, E. CHARLES. "John White A.M., M.D., F.LS. (c. 1756–1832), Surgeon-General of New South Wales: a new biography of the messenger of the echidna and waratah." Archives of Natural History 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 149–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1998.25.2.149.
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John White, Surgeon-General of New South Wales, is best remembered for his handsome book Journal of a voyage to new South Wales published in London during 1790. He was a native of County Fermanagh in northwestern Ireland. He became a naval surgeon and in this capacity was appointed to serve as surgeon on the First Fleet which left England for New South Wales (Australia) in 1787. While living in New South Wales, White adopted Nanberree, an aboriginal boy, and fathered a son by Rachel Turner, a convict, who later married Thomas Moore. John White returned to England in 1795, became a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and was granted the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Arts by the University of St Andrews. White was married twice, and was survived by his second wife and his four children, including his illegitimate, Australian-born son, Captain Andrew Douglas White. Dr John White died in 1832 aged 75 and is buried in Worthing, Sussex, England.While serving as Surgeon-General at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, between 1788 and 1794 John White collected natural history specimens and assembled a series of paintings of plants and animals. After returning to England, White lent these paintings to botanists and zoologists, and permitted copies to be made. Thus, he contributed substantially to European knowledge of the indigenous flora and fauna of Australia.
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Moore, NY, KG Pegg, RN Allen, and JAG Irwin. "Vegetative compatibility and distribution of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930797.
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Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense from wilted banana plants in Queensland and New South Wales were characterised for vegetative compatibility. Six vegetative compatibility groups VCGs) were identified. Race 1 (VCGs 0124, 01241.5, 0125) was widespread, being detected in northern and southern Queensland as well as northern New South Wales. Race 2 (VCG 0128) was found attacking Bluggoe in North Queensland. Race 4 (VCGs 0120, 0129, 01211) was detected in Cavendish plantations in southern Queensland and in Lady finger plantations in New (South Wales and southern Queensland. Isolates of the race 4 VCG 0129 from Lady finger plantations were pathogenic to Cavendish cultivars in glasshouse tests.
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Logan, VS, PJ Clarke, and WG Allaway. "Mycorrhizas and Root Attributes of Plants of Coastal Sand-Dunes of New South Wales." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 1 (1989): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890141.
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Root samples of 41 sand-dune plant species in 28 families were collected from sites along the coast of New South Wales during spring 1987. Of the species, 36 had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, with vesicles and internal and external hyphae. Among these species there was great variation in the pro- portion of root length colonised by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (from 1 to 96%); in 33 species over 10% of root length was infected. Of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal species, 21 showed arbuscules, and 16 had intracellular hyphal coils. In four plant species mycorrhizas were not found in the single samples examined; ericoid mycorrhizas were present in the remaining species, Leucopogon parviflorus, but its vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status could not be assessed. The results, though preliminary, may reflect a high vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of vegetation of coastal sand-dunes of New South Wales. This would be likely to enhance plant nutrition and sandbinding, and to have implications for sand-dune management.
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Mo, Jianhua, Sandra McDougall, Sarah Beaumont, Scott Munro, and Mark M. Stevens. "Effects of simulated seedling defoliation on growth and yield of cotton in southern New South Wales." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 9 (2018): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18093.
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Early-season leaf loss due to damage by thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is considered an important issue by Australian cotton growers. To understand the potential impact of early-season leaf loss in the southern region of New South Wales, we investigated the effects of artificial defoliation on cotton growth, maturity timing and lint yield over four seasons (2013–14 to 2016–17) in commercial cotton crops in the Riverina district. Four defoliation scenarios were investigated: (i) complete defoliation, 100% removal of all true leaves from all plants; (ii) partial defoliation by plant, 100% removal of all true leaves from 75% of plants; (iii) partial defoliation by leaf, removal of 75% of leaf area from all individual true leaves on all plants; and (iv) no defoliation. Defoliation was done by hand at the onset of the 2-, 4-, and 6-node growth stages. Defoliated plants were initially shorter than undefoliated (control) plants, but by ~100-days post seedling emergence, height differences were no longer statistically significant in two of the four seasons. Defoliation did not affect the total number of bolls shortly before harvest. However, complete defoliation delayed crop maturity by up to 18 days and partial defoliation by plant delayed crop maturity by up to 8 days. Because of the delays, fully defoliated plants often had fewer open bolls shortly before harvest and yielded significantly less than undefoliated plants in three of the four seasons. A laboratory experiment with caged cotton seedlings showed that weekly introductions of up to10 thrips per seedling (predominantly onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), the most abundant species on cotton in the region) caused significant clubbing in true leaves, but the total leaf area was not significantly reduced at the 6-node stage. Implications of the results for southern cotton integrated pest management are discussed.
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Lodge, GM. "Characterisation of naturalised strains of Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 1 (1994): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940033.
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Burrs were collected from paddocks on 3 properties in northern New South Wales where the age of the Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare swards varied from 19 to 28 years. At 1 site burrs were also sampled from swards sown 2 and 10 years previously. Twenty seedlings from these burrs and 20 plants of certified cv. Clare were grown as spaced plants in a nursery. These were assessed for vegetative and floral characters, flowering time, number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and percentage hardseed after storage at 25/25�C for 6 months and 25/45�C for a further 6 months. For most plants the mean number of days from sowing to first flower was similar to that of Clare. Compared with the naturalised strains, Clare had the lowest (P<0.05) mean number of seeds per burr: about 25% below the mean of the strains (2.7 seeds per burr). While the lowest mean seed weights of the strains were not significantly different from those of Clare, the seed weights of plants from 3 sites were higher (P<0.05) than those of Clare. After storage for either 6 or 12 months, hardseed levels were also lowest (P<0.05) for Clare. Plants from the 2-year-old sward had the same median number of seeds per burr (2.0) as Clare. As sward age increased, the median number of seeds per burr increased to 2.8. Hardseed percentages were lowest for plants of Clare and for those from the 2-year-old sward after 6 months, and for Clare after 12 months. These studies indicated the presence of divergent strains in old swards of Clare in a summer rainfall environment. Natural selection among variability within Clare is the most likely reason for the development of these strains in an environment marginal for the long-term persistence of this softseeded cultivar. Although strains had the same vegetative and floral markings as Clare, differences in ecologically important characters such as number of seeds per burr, seed weight, and hardseededness may result in plants that are better adapted to the environment in which they evolved. From these studies 23 plants of T. subterraneum var. brachycalycinum were selected for further evaluation.
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Ellison, PJ, L. McFadyen, and PF Kable. "Overwintering of Tranzchelia discolor in prune orchards in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 5 (1987): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870895.
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There are several ways in which Tranzschelia discolor may overwinter in prune orchards in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas of New South Wales. The aecial state, cross-infection from peach and almond, twig cankers, and urediniospores on living leaves persisting through winter were considered, but were thought to be unlikely. The ability of urediniospores to survive on infected leaf litter, either on the ground under trees or lodged within the framework of trees, was studied over two winters. Urediniospore viability declined with time, but in both seasons a proportion were capable of germination in the spring. Spores exposed within the tree framework survived better than those exposed on the ground, with about 20% and less than 5% respectively remaining viable by spring. In both winters spores from litter which overwintered within the framework of the tree were able to infect prune leaves in the spring. The infectivity of spores exposed on the ground was tested in the spring of one year and infections resulted on inoculated plants. The implications of these findings for the control of the rust in prunes are discussed.
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Nguyen, VQ, R. Hermus, WB McGlasson, SK Meldrum, and ME Trethowan. "Fresh market tomatoes for production on raised beds in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880127.
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The aim of the experiments described in this paper was to identify determinate cultivars suited to production of fresh market tomatoes on raised beds in the inland irrigation areas of the south-west area of New South Wales from January to April. Cultivars that produce high yields of first-grade medium to large fruit, and are smooth, nearly round, firm and an even bright red when ripe are required. The plants should have good leaf coverage to prevent sunburn, and jointless pedicels to facilitate harvesting. The period of maturation of the fruit should be short to permit recovery of the crop with a maximum of 3 harvests. Ten lines including Sunny, a .reference cultivar with jointed pedicels, were evaluated at Richmond in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area and at Leeton in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, 1984-86. The lines were trickle-irrigated and mulched with black polyethylene film except at Leeton in 1985-86 when a trickle-irrigated, no mulch treatment and a furrow-irrigated treatment were included. The experiments showed that it is possible to produce yields of 50-100 t ha-1 of first-grade fruit with trickle irrigation. No significant advantage was obtained at Leeton in 1985-86 by using polyethylene mulch; however, the mulch largely eliminated the need for hand-chipping of weeds from among the plants. The visual quality of fruit grown at Leeton was excellent but total soluble solids levels were low, ripe fruit were unexpectedly soft, and sensory scores for flavour and general acceptability were only satisfactory. Overall, 2 cultivars that have jointless pedicels, Red Chief and Delta Contender, showed promise. A jointless hybrid line, HARU 83-148, which was bred at Richmond, warrants further evaluation. Some signs of incipient field chilling of fruit were observed at Leeton in fruit harvested after the first week in April.
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Johns, GG. "Effect of Arachis pintoi groundcover on performance of bananas in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941197.
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Legume groundcovers have been promoted for controlling soil erosion in hillside banana plantations in northern New South Wales. An experiment was conducted at Alstonville to determine the effect of an Arachis pintoi (Pinto peanut) groundcover on banana productivity. The Arachis groundcover was slow to establish in the first year, but thereafter grew vigorously. While standing dry matter of groundcover was reduced at closer banana plant spacings, it was always more than adequate to control erosion. After 5.5 years many soil chemical parameters had been significantly affected by the presence of groundcover. Organic carbon concentrations to 30 cm depth were 5.6% greater on the groundcover plots (3.94 v. 3.71%), and total nitrogen was 8.5% greater (0.42 v. 0.39%). Other increases were exchangeable potassium 52%, calcium 26%, magnesium 43%, sodium 23%, electrical conductivity 24%, and pH 0.13 units. Banana leaf nutrient concentrations were not affected. Banana plants with groundcover produced 9% fewer bunches than their bare soil counterparts, with 4% fewer fingers per bunch. By the end of the experiment, fingers on the groundcover treatment were 9% lighter; consequently, the weight of marketable fruit (i.e. >120 g/finger) per bunch was reduced by 31% in the final year. The presence of groundcover reduced total fruit production over the whole trial by 16% and marketable fruit by 19%. In the last year of the experiment, total fruit production was reduced by 25%, and marketable fruit production by 40%. Over the whole trial, banana plants with groundcover produced 22% fewer suckers than the bare soil controls, with most of the effect occurring in the first 2 years. Soil temperatures at 20 cm under groundcover were as much as 0.7�C cooler than the controls in October-January, but similar for the rest of the year. This effect possibly contributed to decreased yields. Although the experiment was irrigated, the irrigation was possibly inadequate for the groundcover treatment, and competition for water between the Arachis and banana plants may also have been responsible for part of the yield depression. Rats fed on the buried Arachis seed each winter.
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Rose, Phillip F., Karen L. Wilson, Ian R. H. Telford, Robert W. Lamont, and Jeremy J. Bruhl. "Multiple lines of evidence clarify limits of Allocasuarina thalassoscopica, A. defungens and A. littoralis (Allocasuarina sect. Cylindropitys, Casuarinaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 4 (2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb14009.
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Uncertainty in identifying Allocasuarina shrubs of the North Coast botanical region of New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland prompted investigation of species limits using morphological and cytological data. PATN analysis using 36 morphometric characters, seedling morphology and cytogenetic analysis supported the existing circumscription of A. defungens and A. simulans. Trees of A. littoralis were observed throughout the study area and the distinct morphology of the diploid and polyploid forms is noted. Further work is required to establish whether these differences are consistent over the full range of the species. Shrubby plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys, other than the above species, growing along the NSW North Coast are currently known by several names, including A. defungens×A. littoralis. These plants were found to be morphologically most similar to A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland and to have similar phenotypes. Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is recircumscribed on morphological characters to encompass these shrubby plants in New South Wales and A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland. A key is provided for identification of plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys. Counts of chromosomes found that recircumscribed A. thalassoscopica is tetraploid and A. defungens is triploid at Nabiac but tetraploid at Khappinghat Nature Reserve. The results of the present study are consistent with a hypothesis of parallel evolution, which is possibly due to edaphic factors and requires further study.
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Milthorpe, PL, and PR Dann. "Production from tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) at four contrasting sites in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 5 (1991): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910639.
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In 1985, experiments were conducted at 4 localities in south-eastern and central New South Wales, to assess the production potential of tagasaste. The results were disappointing: 2 experiments failed to establish because of soil waterlogging, while production from the other 2 sites was only intermittent. Annual dry matter production did not exceed 3 t/ha at Condobolin or 5 t/ha at Yass. Although survival of established plants was good, production was limited by prolonged dry periods at Condobolin and by low temperatures during winter at Yass. Tagasaste is costly to establish (up to $A500/ha) and difficult to manage. In our environments, conventional pastures or fodder crops which require simpler management would probably out-produce tagasaste at most times during the experimental period.
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Lee, Timothy, Yohannes Alemseged, and Andrew Mitchell. "Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces." Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2 (March 14, 2018): e22467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467.
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The introduction of domesticated animals into new environments can lead to considerable ecological disruption, and it can be difficult to predict their impact on the new ecosystem. In this study, we use faecal metabarcoding to characterize the diets of three ruminant taxa in the rangelands of south-western New South Wales, Australia. Our study organisms included goats (Capraaegagrushircus) and two breeds of sheep (Ovisaries): Merinos, which have been present in Australia for over two hundred years, and Dorpers, which were introduced in the 1990s. We used High-Throughput Sequencing methods to sequence therbcLand ITS2 genes of plants in the faecal samples, and identified the samples using the GenBank and BOLD online databases, as well as a reference collection of sequences from plants collected in the study area. We found that the diets of all three taxa were dominated by the family Malvaceae, and that the Dorper diet was more diverse than the Merino diet at both the family and the species level. We conclude that Dorpers, like Merinos, are potentially a threat to some vulnerable species in the rangelands of New South Wales.
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Akter, Kaisarun, Emma C. Barnes, Joseph J. Brophy, David Harrington, Yaegl Community Elders, Subramanyam R. Vemulpad, and Joanne F. Jamie. "Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plants Used by Aboriginal People of New South Wales, Australia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4683059.
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Aboriginal people of Australia possess a rich knowledge on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of sores, wounds, and skin infections, ailments which impose a high global disease burden and require effective treatments. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical contents of extracts, obtained from eight medicinal plants used by Aboriginal people of New South Wales, Australia, for the treatment of skin related ailments, were assessed to add value to and provide an evidence-base for their traditional uses. Extracts ofAcacia implexa,Acacia falcata,Cassytha glabella,Eucalyptus haemastoma,Smilax glyciphylla,Sterculia quadrifida, andSyncarpia glomuliferawere evaluated. All extracts except that ofS. quadrifidashowed activity against sensitive and multidrug resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureuswith minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 7.81 to 1000 μg/mL. The sap ofE. haemastomaand bark ofA. implexapossessed high total phenolic contents (TPC) and strong DPPH radical scavenging abilities. A positive correlation was observed between TPC and free radical scavenging ability. GC-MS analysis of then-hexane extract ofS. glomuliferaidentified known antimicrobial compounds. Together, these results support the traditional uses of the examined plants for the treatment of skin related ailments and infections by Aboriginal people of New South Wales, Australia.
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Pfeil, B. E., M. D. Tindale, and L. A. Craven. "A review of the Glycine clandestina species complex (Fabaceae: Phaseolae) reveals two new species." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 6 (2001): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb00041.
Full textAbstract:
Digitate-leaved specimens of the genus Glycine from across southern Australia that have been determined as G. clandestina J.C.Wendl. encompass a wide range of morphological variation. Re-evaluation of this material has resulted in the conclusion that three species should be recognised. The original concept of G. clandestina (digitate-leaved plants with long, c. nine-seeded pods) can be applied only to plants from Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Two new species, G. peratosa B.E.Pfeil & Tindale and G. rubiginosa Tindale & B.E.Pfeil, are described from Western Australia and South Australia, respectively. Variation in G. clandestina s.s. is discussed in relation to contact zones with three other closely related species.
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M. Date, E., H. F. Recher, H. A. Ford, and D. A. Stewart. "The conservation and ecology of rainforest pigeons in northeastern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 3 (1995): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960299.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of conservation reserves, rainforest remnants and agricultural districts in northeastern New South Wales was conducted to determine the abundance, movements and habitat requirements of rainforest pigeons, to evaluate the extent and use of suitable habitat in conservation reserves, and to provide guidelines for the conservation and management of rainforest pigeons. Eight species of rainforest pigeon occur in northeastern New South Wales. Commencing with the clearing of rainforest in the 1860s for agriculture, rainforest pigeons declined in abundance throughout New South Wales and by the 1970s five species were thought to be threatened in the state. Since then, rainforest pigeons have apparently increased in abundance and distribution, but the Wompoo, Rose-crowned and Superb Pigeons continue to be listed by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service as vulnerable and rare. However, populations of all species of rainforest pigeons in New South Wales are relatively small and vulnerable to further loss of habitat. Most rainforest pigeons show a preference for subtropical rainforest habitat, but moist eucalypt forests, gardens and weedy exotic vegetation along roads and on abandoned farmland are also frequented to varying degrees by different species. To investigate recent trends in pigeon abundance we used data collected for up to 12 years from eight sites and during 1988, 1989 and 1990 from 17 rainforest remnants in northeastern New South Wales. The data suggest that rainforest pigeons now occur more frequently in lowland agricultural areas than in the recent past and tend to confirm an increase in abundance since the 1970s. Nesting and foraging habitats for rainforest pigeons are extensive in the conservation reserve system of northeastern New South Wales, but these habitats, which are largely at high elevations, lack winter food resources. Instead, pigeons congregate in remnant rainforest and exotic berry-bearing trees and shrubs in agricultural areas at lower elevations and near the coast. They rely on these habitats for food during winter and it is the restricted extent of this habitat that probably limits their abundance, not the area or quality of habitat at higher elevations. The conservation and management of rainforest pigeons requires the protection of low elevation and coastal rainforest remnants. As development of northeastern New South Wales proceeds, to avoid a decline in the abundances of rainforest pigeons it will be necessary to protect sclerophyll forest with native or exotic fruit bearing trees and shrubs and to extend the area of suitable habitat by the regeneration of rainforest and by the planting of native species used by pigeons as a food source. This will become increasingly important as the control and removal of exotic plants, such as Lantana Lantana camara and Camphor Laurel Cinnamonum camphora, on which some pigeons depend as a winter food source, becomes more successful.
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McLeod, RW. "Influence of root-knot nematodes on yield of tobacco in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850687.
Full textAbstract:
Root-knot nematode galling and yield of tobacco were measured in six nematicide trials in northern New South Wales. There were significant differences in the average galling indices of treatments in all trials. Treatment yields differed significantly in only one trial. Straight-line regression analyses of plot yield on plot galling index showed a significant correlation in four trials. These analyses indicate yield losses of 2.6-9.4% for increments of 10 in galling index. [Index = 1.25 X (sum of gall scores for 20 plants), where scores range from 0 (no galls) to 4 (75- 100% of root galled).]
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Kemp, D. R., D. L. Michalk, and M. Goodacre. "Productivity of pasture legumes and chicory in central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98171.
Full textAbstract:
Seven experiments were established across a range of environments (latitude 33°S) in central New South Wales to evaluate 52 legume cultivars and lines against currently recommended cultivars. Plots were grazed by either sheep or cattle after each harvest. Criteria for inclusion were that lines were either commercially available or in the process of being registered. Three experiments also included chicory. Sites had from 600 to 900 mm annual rainfall and were at altitudes of 440–1000 m. The 4-year program included the dry summer of 1990–91. White clover and subterranean clover were the most productive species over time. Among subterranean clovers, the subspecies subterraneum cultivars were more productive than the yanninicum or brachycalycinum subspecies. Other species such as balansa, Persian, strawberry, red and crimson clovers, lotus major and murex medic were more variable in production. These legumes often grew well in the establishment year, but failed to persist. Lucerne was in general, not as productive as white or subterranean clover. Caucasian clover and yellow serradella should be evaluated further as conclusive judgements could not be formed. Chicory was often the most productive species in the experiments, especially over the warmer 6 months of the year. It persisted under a 6-week harvest regime and during the drought year. The newer subterranean clover cultivars, Leura, Goulburn and Denmark all exceeded the production from the previously recommended cultivars, Woogenellup and Karridale, even though no major disease was evident in the later group. The lines 89820D and 89841E were sufficiently productive to warrant further evaluation and possible development as cultivars. In contrast, while Huia, Tahora, Bonadino and Tamar were often as productive as the recommended white clover cultivar Haifa, they were not consistently better. Where summer rainfall occurs and the annual rainfall exceeds 650 mm, the greater potential yield of white clover compared with subterranean clover justifies its use. However, no white clover cultivars survived the summer drought in 1990–91 as intact plants. Further work is needed to develop more drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Cameron, Matt. "Distribution and cone production in Allocasuarina diminuta and A. gymnanthera (Casuarinaceae) in central New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 2 (2006): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05034.
Full textAbstract:
Allocasuarina diminuta (L. Johnson) and A. gymnanthera (L. Johnson) are critical food resources of the threatened glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami) in central New South Wales. The distribution and cone production in these species was investigated as part of a broader study on the foraging ecology of the glossy black-cockatoo. Both Allocasuarina species were closely associated with vegetation communities occurring on the ridges and upper slopes. Cone production appeared to be linked to rainfall, with fewer cones produced in dry years. Rainfall during autumn–spring appeared to be especially important. Drought conditions resulted in the failure of plants to produce seed and caused the death of significant numbers of plants. Any decrease in moisture balance or increase in drought frequency/length due to global warming is likely to have negative consequences for Allocasuarina and glossy black-cockatoo populations.
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Campbell, MH, AM Bowman, WD Bellotti, JJ Friend, and HI Nicol. "Establishment and Survival of Pasture Grasses Surface-Sown Into Wheat Stubble in North-Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 1 (1995): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950037.
Full textAbstract:
In four experiments near Walgett, New South Wales, between 1987 and 1990, the establishment and survival of Astrebla lappacea, Setaria incrassata, Panicurn coloraturn var. rnakarikariense and Cenchrus ciliaris were determined when surface-sown into low, reduced or heavy stubble just before or after harvesting wheat (November or December). Despite external deleterious factors affecting three experiments, grasses established in the first six months after sowing in all experiments unde; above average rainfall. Best establishment (8 to 31 plants/m2 in the 1990 experiment) occurred in response to 166 mm in 12 rain days over a 29 day period in December-January 1990-91, followed by 10 dry days and then a further 60 mm of rain in February; plants flowered by May and thus survived winter well. Under non-flood conditions (1987, 1988 and 1990 experiments) the order of magnitude of establishment was: C. ciliaris, A. lappacea > S. incrassata > P. coloraturn. Under flood conditions (1989 experiment) establishment of S. incrassata was highest and that of A. lappacca was lowest. In the 1987 and 1988 experiments full stubble (1.5 and 3.4 t/ha) did not improve the establishment of surface-sown grasses over that on low stubble (0.1 and 1.4 tlha). In the 1989 and 1990 experiments establishment was lower on full stubble (5 and 7 tlha) than on low stubble (0.1 and 0.1 tlha) owing to, respectively, flooding and competition from volunteer wheat. After the six months establishment period grass density declined over the two to five year survival period with plants self- thinning due to interspecific competition. Allowing mature plants to seed increased plant density due to seedling recruitment under favourable climatic conditions.
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Green, RJ. "Avian Seed Dispersal in and Near Subtropical Rainforests." Wildlife Research 20, no. 4 (1993): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930535.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviour of avian visitors to 23 species of subtropical Australian rain forest plants was observed in the Lamington and Border Ranges National Parks on the Queensland/New South Wales border to determine potentially important seed dispersers, seed predators and fruit thieves.
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Ling, J. E., M. T. Casanova, I. Shannon, and M. Powell. "Development of a wetland plant indicator list to inform the delineation of wetlands in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 3 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18114.
Full textAbstract:
Wetlands experience fluctuating water levels, so their extent varies spatially and temporally. This characteristic is widespread and likely to increase as global temperatures and evaporation rates increase. The temporary nature of wetlands can confound where a wetland begins and ends, resulting in unreliable mapping and determination of wetland areas for inventory, planning or monitoring purposes. The occurrence of plants that rely on the presence of water for part or all of their life history can be a reliable way to determine the extent of water-affected ecosystems. A wetland plant indicator list (WPIL) could enable more accurate mapping and provide a tool for on-ground validation of wetland boundaries. However, this introduces the problem of the definition of ‘wetland plant’, especially with species that can tolerate, or require, water level fluctuation, and that respond to flooding or drought by adjusting their morphology or phenology (i.e. ‘amphibious’ plants and those that grow only during drawdown). In this study we developed a WPIL through a process of expert elicitation. The expert decisions were compared and standardised for each species. It is envisaged that this work will lead to a comprehensive listing of wetland plants for Australia for the purposes of planning, mapping and management.
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Bale, CL, and JB Williams. "Composition and Classification of Nothofagus moorei Communities in Northern New South Wales." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 5 (1993): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930429.
Full textAbstract:
Nothofagus moorei (F. Muell.) Krasser occurs disjunctly in northern New South Wales from the Barrington Tops area to just beyond the New South Wales–Queensland Border. The main centres of occurrence are areas within the Barrington Tops–Gloucester Tops, the Upper Hastings, the escarpment of the Ebor–Dorrigo Plateau, and the Border Ranges–Lamington Plateau (McPherson Range). Minor but significant stands of N. moorei occur on the Comboyne Plateau, the East Dorrigo area, and in the western McPherson Range. Throughout this range, site characteristics vary considerably, both in landscape morphology and in parent material type. The altitudinal range of N. moorei is 1000 m. Such site variability makes the disjunctness of N. moorei more problematic. The floristic composition of these communities was investigated at 60 sites scattered throughout the geographic range. More than 400 species of vascular plants were found to occur with N. moorei, including at least 50 species of climbers and more than 40 species of epiphytes and lithophytes. Around half of this floristic richness may be attributable to mixed assemblages of cool temperate and cool subtropical species, particularly at low altitude sites and rather fertile mid altitude sites. Nevertheless, it is clear there is a distinctive temperate floristic group which characterises the principal domains of N. moorei. Floristic analyses based on ordination techniques produced site clusters which at a coarse level matched the disjunct geographic domains of N. moorei. Locally, topographic gradients, geological factors, and site histories contribute to floristic dissimilarities. There is little evidence of widespread species assemblages of high fidelity. Nevertheless, some species co-occur commonly enough to offer some support to intuitive floristic classifications.
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Casanova, Michelle T., Annabel Douglas-Hill, Margaret A. Brock, Monika Muschal, and Michael Bales. "Farm ponds in New South Wales, Australia: relationship between macrophyte and phytoplankton abundances." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96131.
Full textAbstract:
The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of 65 farm ponds in the Northern Tablelands and Central Western Slopes regions of New South Wales, Australia, were similar to those recorded for Australian ponds in other studies. The strongest single relationship between physico-chemical characteristics and biological characteristics was for high abundance of phytoplankton, low abundance of macrophytes, high turbidity, and high nutrient concentrations in ponds on granitic soil. Variation among the ponds was such that no other relationship was significant. Five groups of ponds were discerned on the basis of their biological and physico-chemical characteristics. One group could be classed as reasonably ‘pristine’, with high water clarity and high abundance of macrophytes; another group presented highly eutrophic, phytoplankton-dominated conditions. Ponds in these two groups can be described as being in ‘alternative stable states’. A third group had been modified with the intention of improving the appearance or utility of the ponds. The last two groups identified in this analysis had no specific parallels in the literature. Abundance of macrophytes was related to good water quality, and encouragement of increased abundance of submerged plants in farm ponds could result in improved water quality.
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Stimpson, Margaret Leith, JEREMY J. BRUHL, and PETER H. WESTON. "Could this be Australia’s rarest Banksia? Banksia vincentia (Proteaceae), a new species known from fourteen plants from south-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Phytotaxa 163, no. 5 (March 31, 2014): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.3.
Full textAbstract:
Possession of hooked, distinctively discolorous styles, a broadly flabellate common bract subtending each flower pair, and a lignotuber place a putative new species, Banksia sp. Jervis Bay, in the B. spinulosa complex. Phenetic analysis of individuals from all named taxa in the B. spinulosa complex, including B. sp. Jervis Bay, based on leaf, floral, seed and bract characters support recognition of this species, which is described here as Banksia vincentia M.L.Stimpson & P.H.Weston. Known only from fourteen individuals, B. vincentia is distinguished by its semi-prostrate habit, with basally prostrate, distally ascending branches from the lignotuber, and distinctive perianth colouring. Its geographical location and ecological niche also separate it from its most similar congeners.
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Johnston, W. H., and V. F. Shoemark. "Establishment and persistence of palatable taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 1 (1997): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96025.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. Spring sowings in cultivated plots at Wagga Wagga in 1980 and 1982, and Cowra and Colinroobie in 1980 and 1981 examined the establishment and persistence of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees complex cv. Consol and accession 4660, Cenchrus ciliaris L. cv. American and Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirocco. Cenchrus ciliaris was short-lived and not frost-hardy. Competition and dry conditions reduced establishment of all species, nevertheless E. curvula established reliably. In 1 experiment where conditions were not immediately favourable for germination, E. curvula demonstrated a capacity to delay establishment until conditions improved. Competition from cool-season plants reduced persistence, particularly in the first year and when conditions were dry. Surviving E. curvula plants were generally long lived. At Cowra, the density of E. curvula was enhanced by regular mowing, but mowing reduced the density of P. aquatica. Presence of Trifolium subterraneum L. reduced the density of E. curvula while P. aquatica was unaffected. A second experiment at Colinroobie, sown in October 1987 examined the effects of mowing and fertiliser application on establishment and persistence of E. curvula cv. Consol and accession 4660. Fertiliser increased competition by cool-season annual species, reducing establishment and persistence of E. curvula, while regular mowing improved its persistence. In an experiment sown at Wagga Wagga in October 1989, E. curvula cv. Consol establishment was very low (<1 plant/m2) in undisturbed annual pasture and in the absence of cultivation, herbicide (glyphosate at 530 g a.i./ha) and mowing with herbage removal provided the best conditions for establishment.
39
Catling, PC, and RJ Burt. "Studies of the Ground-Dwelling Mammals of Eucalypt Forests in South-Eastern New South Wales: the Effect of Environmental Variables on Distribution and Abundance." Wildlife Research 22, no. 6 (1995): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950669.
Full textAbstract:
The distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals was examined in 13 areas within 500 000 ha of eucalypt (Eucalyptus) forest in SE New South Wales. Data are presented on the distribution and abundance of species in relation to 3 environmental gradient types involving 9 variables: 2 direct gradients (temperature, rainfall); 6 indirect gradients (aspect, steepness of slope, position on slope, landform profile around the site, altitude, season) and a resource gradient (lithology). Many species of ground-dwelling mammal of the forests of SE New South Wales were present along all gradients examined, although wide variation in abundance occurred for some species. Eight species were correlated with direct gradients and all species were correlated with at least one indirect gradient. There was wide variation and species diversity with lithology, but the variation was not related to nutrient status. Although variations in abundance occurred along environmental gradients, the composition of the ground-dwelling mammal fauna in SE New South Wales forests changed little. A fourth gradient type, the substrate gradient (biomass of plants), had the greatest effect, because in the short-term disturbances such as logging and fire play an important role. Disturbance can have a profound influence on the substrate gradient, but no influence on environmental gradients. The results are discussed in relation to the arboreal mammals and avifauna in the region and Environmental and Fauna Impact studies and forest management.
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Campbell, MH. "Distribution, ecology and control of Cassinia arcuata (sifton bush) in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900215.
Full textAbstract:
The area of New South Wales infested with Cassinia aiwuta (sifton bush) increased from 93 000 ha in 1975 to 616 000 ha in 1988, indicating a need to investigate its biology and control. Of 6 samples of seed collected over 3 years from 2 sites, 5 germinated readily, emerged from a soil depth of 15 mm or less, and grew 7-48 times slower than pasture species in 28 days. The remaining sample had an after-ripening period of more than 5 months before full germination was achieved. Lime depressed growth of C. arcuata seedlings whilst superphosphate promoted growth. Preemergence herbicides simazine and atrazine killed seedlings in the cotyledon stage, while post-emergence herbicides glyphosate, triclopyr + picloram and hexazinone killed 40-, 78- and 139-day-old seedlings. Control on arable land could be achieved by burying seeds below 15 mm, followed by cultivation or herbicide application to remove establishing seedlings and addition of lime and spelling to allow sown species to smother late-establishing seedlings. On non-arable land burning to remove mature plants, spraying to kill establishing seedlings and aerial application of seed of improved species and superphosphate will contribute to control on soils that can support sown species without the application of large quantities of lime.
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Klein, TA, LW Burgess, and FW Ellison. "Survey of the incidence of whiteheads in wheat crops grown in northern New South Wales, 1976-1981." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900621.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of whiteheads in wheat in the northern areas of the wheat belt in New South Wales was surveyed from 1976 to 1981. Whiteheads were associated with plants affected by crown rot and were common in wheat crops in the survey areas, although the incidence was low (<5%) in most crops. There was a high incidence of whiteheads (>5%) in a small number of crops in each year. The mean incidence of whiteheads was highest in 1977 and was generally higher in the western, lower rainfall areas than in the other areas each year. The predominant crown rot pathogen Fusarium graminearum Group 1 was isolated from 97% of 1450 stem bases collected from plants with whitehead symptoms. A fallow of 18 months was not always associated with a reduction in the incidence of whiteheads.
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GHERASE, Ion, Elena BARCANU, Ovidia Loredana AGAPIE, Bianca Elena TĂNASE, and Costel VÎNĂTORU. "The Main Phenotypic Characteristic of Elida, a New Luffa Cultivar Created at Vegetable Research Development Station Buzău, Romania." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Luffa cylindrica also known as sponge gourd, Egyptian cucumber or Vietnamese luffa is an annual cucurbit vine native South Asia. In India, China, Japan and Vietnam the crop is cultivated on large areas, being a plant with multipurpose uses. Since 1962 at Vegetable Research Development Station (VRDS) Buzau, has begun the acclimatization of this species, but, although it was heavily promoted, no Romanian variety has been registered so far. The present study aims to present the main quantitative characteristics of the new variety obtained at VRDS Buzau, ‘Elida’. The cultivar has a distinct phenotypic expressiveness with high quality fruits. Since year 2020 the cultivar was registered in the Official Catalogue of Romanian Crop Plants. ‘Elida’ has shown a high plasticity and can also be grown in ecological system.
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Williams, Mark L., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Neville G. Walsh. "Variation within Prostanthera spinosa (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphological and molecular studies." Australian Systematic Botany 19, no. 5 (2006): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb05032.
Full textAbstract:
Specimens of Prostanthera spinosa F. Muell. representing the geographic range of the taxon were examined for morphological and genetic variation within the species. Patterns of morphological variation were documented and the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to assess the genetic relationships among plants from different populations. Morphological and molecular results were in broad agreement and supported distinct groups in both analyses. The differences detected warrant taxonomic recognition and three species are described representing geographically disjunct regions. Plants from the Grampians in Victoria, Eyre Peninsula, Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island in South Australia, group together and retain the name P. spinosa; plants from Mt Arapiles in Victoria are distinct and are recognised as a new species P. arapilensis; plants from the Fortis Creek National Park and adjacent areas in northern New South Wales are distinct and are identified as a new species, P. sejuncta.
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Semple, W. S., I. A. Cole, and T. B. Koen. "Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02081.
Full textAbstract:
Thirty perennial grass accessions were evaluated for emergence, growth and persistence at 6 severely salinised seepage scalds on the western slopes of New South Wales. Warm-season accessions were sown or planted in spring 1996 and 1997, and cool-season types in autumn 1996 and 1997. Control species, tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) were sown in spring and autumn. Plants were monitored over 2 growing seasons. None of the accessions, including the controls, performed well at all sites. Of the accessions established from seed, tall wheat grass was the most reliable in terms of the number of successful establishments but its growth potential was only achieved at a few sites. Some warm-season species (Panicum coloratum, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon) approached their growth potential at some sites but overall rates of establishment were very low. The performance of puccinellia appeared to be adversely affected by low pH. It was concluded that on severely scalded sites, vegetative propagation of stoloniferous–rhizomatous plants, e.g. Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum and C. gayana, may be the best option.
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Chandler, Gregory T., and Michael D. Crisp. "Contributions Towards a Revision of Daviesia (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae). IV.* D. ulicifolia sens. lat." Australian Systematic Botany 10, no. 1 (1997): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb96013.
Full textAbstract:
Following a morphometric and cladistic analysis of the Daviesia ulicifolia Andrews group (Chandler and Crisp 1997), a new species, D. sejugata, is described. It occurs disjunctly in eastern Tasmania and southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, and is closely related to D. arthropoda F.Muell., differing in a generally more robust habit, thicker fleshy phyllodes, and larger flowers. Even with this species removed from D. ulicifolia, the latter varies considerably over a wide geographic, edaphic and altitudinal range. Daviesia ulicifolia is divided into six subspecies based on distinct phenetic and phylogenetic groups delimited in the earlier study. These are subsp. aridicola (glaucous plants in arid regions), subsp. incarnata (reddish-flowered plants in the Mt Lofty Range, South Australia), subsp. ruscifolia (plants with ovate-acuminate leaves and orange flowers in Victoria and southern New South Wales (NSW), often at high altitude), subsp. stenophylla (a narrow-leaved form in northern NSW and Queensland), subsp. pilligensis (ovate-leaved plants on sandy soil in western NSW), and subsp. ulicifolia (a paraphyletic residual from south-eastern states).
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Heenan, Peter B., Ian R. H. Telford, and Jeremy J. Bruhl. "Three new species of Gingidia (Apiaceae: Apioideae) from Australia and New Zealand segregated from G. montana." Australian Systematic Botany 26, no. 3 (2013): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13007.
Full textAbstract:
Three new species of Gingidia (Apiaceae: Apioideae) segregated from the G. montana (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) J.W.Dawson complex are named, with G. montana now regarded as a New Zealand endemic. The new Australian endemic, G. rupicola I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl, is restricted to the eastern escarpment of the New England Tableland, New South Wales. With few populations and limited numbers of plants, the conservation assessment of G. rupicola is Endangered. G. haematitica Heenan is described as a new species from North-West Nelson, South Island, New Zealand, where it is restricted to base-rich substrates in the Burnett Range. Because of its restricted distribution and the continued mining for dolomite at the site of the largest population, G. haematitica is considered to have a conservation assessment of Nationally Critical. The second New Zealand endemic, G. amphistoma Heenan, is known from alpine habitats in the Southern Alps, South Island. Distributions of the three new species are mapped, habitats noted, and a table compares attributes of these species and G. montana.
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Hollis, CJ, CJ Hollis, JD Robertshaw, JD Robertshaw, RH Harden, and RH Harden. "Ecology of the Swamp Wallaby (Wallabia-Bicolor) in Northeastern New-South-Wales .1. Diet." Wildlife Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860355.
Full textAbstract:
The diet of the swamp wallaby Wallabia bicolor was determined by identifying plant fragments from the forestomachs of animals collected at two sites (Diamond Flat and the Styx River State Forest) in forests on the edge of the eastern escarpment of the Great Dividing Range in north-eastern New South Wales. Seventy-seven and 72 genera of plants were recorded in the diets at the two sites respectively. The dietary items were grouped into six categories, the overall occurrence of which ranged frcm forbs (26%), ferns (19%), shrubs (19%), grasses, sedges and rushes (17%) and fungi (15%) to vines (3%). There were broad similarities in the diets of the animals from both sites, though there were some seasonal differences both within and between sites, the most marked being an increase in grasses, sedges and rushes and a decrease in fungi in spring. It is suggested that fungi may be an important source of nitrogen during the other seasons. The wide array of plant species eaten by the swamp wallaby indicates that it is a generalist rather than specialist feeder, and more of a browser than the larger macropodids.
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Milne, W. M., and R. I. Delves. "Impact of cereal aphids on wheat yields in southern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 2 (1999): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98074.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of naturally occurring aphid infestations on yield was studied using sprayed and unsprayed plots in commercial wheat crops at a number of sites in southern New South Wales, Australia. In 1990, wheat was planted in April or early May following early autumn rains. Aphids were first found in the crops 4 weeks after the wheat was sown. Numbers were generally low and only at 1 site was there a significant effect on yield. In 1991, sowing was delayed by prolonged dry weather during autumn. Most crops were planted in late May and aphids started to appear only in mid July. There was no significant effect of aphids on yield but most crops were badly affected by drought. In 1991, labelled plants at some sites were used to study the impact of varying levels of aphid infestation on yield. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of aphids and yield per plant at 1 site. In both years, aphid numbers peaked in August or September. Rhopalosiphum padi was virtually the only aphid species found. Leaf samples were collected from 3 sites in 1990 and from all sites in 1991 and tested for barley yellow dwarf virus. The incidence of this virus was very high in 1990 but negligible in 1991. The striking difference in the incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus in the 2 years was most likely the result of later sowing times and delayed arrival of aphids in crops in 1991. Aphids may have a considerable impact on yield in early-sown wheat through transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus.
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McDougall, K. L., and G. T. Wright. "The impact of trampling on feldmark vegetation in Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (2004): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03145.
Full textAbstract:
A popular walking track in Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, passes through areas of feldmark vegetation, a windswept community of sparse dwarf shrubs, cushion plants and herbs. The prevailing westerly winds in this area prune the windward edges of the dominant Epacris gunnii shrubs. Layering on the protected side effectively means that the shrubs slowly move across the ridgetops. Twenty-five transects were placed perpendicular to the track in a patch of feldmark north of Mt Kosciuszko. The density of selected species and the total number of species were recorded in quadrats placed in the track centre, track edges and feldmark vegetation at 5 and 10 m from both sides of the track to determine whether the track has interrupted feldmark processes and affected species abundance. The abundance of all species and the number of species per quadrat was lowest in the track centre. Three species (including E. gunnii) were found to be less abundant on the leeward edge of the track than on the windward edge, suggesting that the track has indirectly interfered with feldmark processes. Two of the species were as abundant on track edges as at 5 and 10 m from the track. The area of affected vegetation is currently very small and it may take decades before the effect is obvious to people using the track. Management options for reducing or eliminating the impact are discussed.
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Downing, BH. "Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 2 (1986): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860140.
Full textAbstract:
Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.