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1
Major, Róbert, and Gábor Mészáros. "Thoughts on Road Traffic Control." Internal Security 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6703.
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The safety of travel on public roads is one of the most important issues to be developed in Hungary and in the European Union. The authors conducted a survey on the current state of the topic in Hungary. They examine the actions undertaken in traffic safety and traffic control in the past years in the country. Vehicle drivers consider regulations on speed limits and overspeeding to be less respectable and acceptable. The absolute transgression of the speed limit, also known as overspeeding, significantly increases the risk of accidents, and also adds to the severity of accidents, considering the majority of the traumas and the occurrence of fatalities in these accidents. Overspeeding is the greatest problem point in road traffic safety issues such as speeding, drunk driving and the use of passive road traffic safety gear. Considering the fatal road accidents in Hungary, it has become evident that the number of absolute overspeeding cases is significantly increasing. Overspeeding plays a significant role in the severity of the accident, especially in cases of unprotected travellers, pedestrians and cyclists. Traffic control is part of influencing the awareness and education of safe travelling. Police traffic control and accident prevention programmes aim to decrease the number of victims of road traffic accidents.
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Zhang, Han Xin. "Measures on the Impact-Spread of Road Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1081.
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Road safety system has been a concern topic for many scholars worldwide. Although there are many analysis papers on road traffic accident prevention, security, emergency rescue, safety evaluation and other aspects, there is no a thorough and complete opinion on road safety system. The study of these issues can cause a traffic accident prevention, to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents, summing up the spread of some of the impact of traffic on the control of the effective ways to combat the public security organs to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents guidance.
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Ezenwa, Afamdi O. "Prevention and Control of Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 106, no. 1 (February 1986): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408610600110.
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Lin, Qing Feng, Bo Cheng, and Guang Quan Lu. "Analysis of Characteristics of Vehicle-Bicycle/Pedestrian Conflicts Using Video Drive Recorder." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4413.
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Vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle accidents account for a large proportion of traffic accidents in China. In order to study the characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle conflicts, 50 taxis are chosen as the test vehicles. A field-test was conducted using video driver recorder in Beijing for one year. A large amount of traffic conflict and accident data was collected in real driving environment. Considering the factors including conflict type, conflict time, conflict location, traffic control and conflict speed etc., the traffic conflict characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle were analyzed. The results might contribute to the road safety management, road design and accident prevention technology.
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Luin, Blaž, and Stojan Petelin. "COUPLING MODELS OF ROAD TUNNEL TRAFFIC, VENTILATION AND EVACUATION." Transport 35, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12079.
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As road tunnel accidents can result in numerous fatalities and injuries, attention must be paid to accident prevention and management. To address this issue, use of integrated tunnel model for system evaluation and training of road tunnel operators on computer simulator is presented. A unified tunnel model, including traffic, meteorological conditions, ventilation and evacuation that is presented. An overview of simulation models, simulator architecture and challenges during the development are discussed. The integrated tunnel model is used as a core of a simulation system that is capable of reproducing tunnel accidents in real time and it interfaces with Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) interfaces used in real tunnel control centres. It enables operators to acquire experience they could otherwise get only during major accidents or costly exercises. It also provides the possibility for evaluation of tunnel control algorithms and Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) for efficient operation of all safety systems during upgrades and maintenance. Finally, application of the model for accident analysis and optimization of emergency ventilation control is presented where it was used to identify cause of emergency ventilation malfunction and design fault.
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Xing, Xiu-Ya, Peng Wang, Zhiwei Xu, Qin He, Rui Li, Ye-Ji Chen, Li-Na Liu, et al. "Mortality and Disease Burden of Injuries from 2008 to 2017 in Anhui Province, China." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7303897.
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Objective. To investigate the temporal trends in mortality and disease burden of injuries in Anhui province from 2008 to 2017, so as to provide reference for injury control and prevention. Methods. Data of mortality were collected from 9 national surveillance points in Anhui province during 2008-2017 in the Information System for Death Cause Register and Management. The surveillance data were analyzed by using crude mortality, standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential year of life lost (PYLL), PYLL rate (PYLLR), and average of year life lost (AYLL). Results. There were a total of 44855 people died from injury, accounted for 9.44% of the all-cause mortality, ranked as the fifth leading cause of deaths in the whole population, and denoted the first leading cause of deaths in the 0-44 year’s group. The leading causes of injury deaths were road traffic accidents, suicide, accidental falls, drowning, and poisoning. Road traffic accidents was the primary cause of injury deaths among the male population, while suicide was the dominate cause of injury deaths among the female population. Drowning, traffic accidents, and suicide accounted for the most injury deaths among the population aged 0-14 years, 15-64 years, and above 60 years, respectively. The road traffic accidents accounted for the largest proportion of injury PYLL and PYLLR, and drowning caused the highest AYLL among injury deaths. Conclusion. In Anhui province, road traffic accidents, suicide, accidental falls, drowning, and poisoning were the top five causes of injury deaths that harm the health of local residents; corresponding injury prevention strategies should be formulated.
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Zhang, Yuhuan, Huapu Lu, and Wencong Qu. "Geographical Detection of Traffic Accidents Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity and Influence Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020572.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of stratification heterogeneity in traffic accidents in Shenzhen, what factors influence the casualties, and the interaction of those factors. Geographical detection methods are used for the analysis of traffic accidents in Shenzhen. Results show that spatial stratification heterogeneity does exist, and the influencing factors of fatalities and injuries are different. The traffic accident causes and types of primary responsible party have a strong impact on fatalities and injuries, followed by zones and time interval. However, road factors, lighting, topography, etc., only have a certain impact on fatalities. Drunk driving, speeding over 50%, and overloading are more likely to cause more casualties than other illegal behaviors. Speeding over 50% and speeding below 50% have significant different influences on fatalities, while the influences on injuries are not obvious, and so do drunk driving (Blood Alcohol Concentration ≥ 0.08) and driving under the influence of alcohol (0.08 > Blood Alcohol Concentration ≥ 0.02). Both pedestrians and cyclists violating the traffic law are vulnerable to fatality. Heavy truck overloading is more likely to cause major traffic accidents than minibuses. More importantly, there are nonlinear enhanced interactions between the influencing factors, the combination of previous non-significant factors and other factors can have a significant impact on the traffic accident casualties. The findings could be helpful for making differentiated prevention and control measures for traffic accidents in Shenzhen and the method selection of subsequent research.
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Lin, Nan, Yu Jie Feng, and Shun Ze Wu. "A Survey on Abrupt Environmental Pollution Accidents in China from 2000 to 2010." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.342.
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Based on environmental statistics data from 2000 to 2010, characteristics and spatial distribution of the abrupt environmental pollution accidents were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and GIS methods. The results showed a decline in the frequency of accidents from 2000 to 2010. Abrupt environmental pollution accidents occurrence frequency in 2010 is only equivalent to 17.42% in 2000. More than 80% of the accidents occurred in the water and air pollution. Environmental pollution and destruction accidents centralized in western and middle parts of China, mainly in Hunan, Sichuan, and Guangxi. The most frequent types of accident were safety misadventure (27), followed by illegal sewage (22), layout problem (11), traffic accident (10), natural disaster (7), long term accumulation (5), and mismanage (3).Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning the need to improve the level of environmental risk prevention and control in the environmental pollution in China.
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Van, Tan Hong, and Trung Ho Nguyen. "Modeling and forecasting trafic accident severity based on main factors." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1351.
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The purposes of this study were to construct main factors causing traffic accidents by measuring attributes of an accident, and to model the ordered regression relationship between those factors and the severity of the accident. The result showed that the hazard factor due to speed and collision direction and the risk factor due to control difficulty were two main factors that significantly affect the severity of a traffic accident. In validating the model, we found that within 1 unit diffirence, the model showed an accuracy of 82.8, which means that the model is viable for practical application to estimate the severity of accidents and to help delivering preventive measures.
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Arifuddin, Adhar, Muhammad Ryman Napirah, and Nur Asfin H.S. "RISK FACTORS IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN THE CITY OF PALU, INDONESIA." Public Health of Indonesia 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36685/phi.v3i1.108.
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Background: Traffic accidents are unpredictable events when they occurred. Thus, understanding the risk factors in road traffic injuries is needed.Objective: This study aims to analyze the risk factors in road traffic accidents in the city of Palu.Methods: This was an observational analytic study using case-control approach with sample of 182 respondents consisting of 91 cases and 91 controls. Purposive sampling was used based on a certain considerations made by the researchers themselves. Data were tested with Odds Ratio and analyzed by univariate and bivariate with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The results showed that the scatterbrained factor (OR = 3.180 95% CI 1.669 to 6.059), undisciplined behavior (OR = 11.990 at 95% CI 5.956 to 24.138), exceeding speed limit (OR = 4.230 95% CI 2.204 to 8.118 ), and no driving license (OR = 10.455 at 95% CI 5.274 to 20.722).Conclusion: This study concludes that the scatterbrained factor, undisciplined behavior, exceeding the speed limit, and no driving license are the risk factors for road traffic accidents in the city of Palu. It is recommended that all parties to cooperate with the good for the sake of safety and driving safety as well as prevention of road traffic accidents.
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Xing, En Hui, Jun Li, and Rui Wang. "Test Model Designed for Tire Pressure Monitoring Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1184.
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In order to monitor tire pressure changes all the time, prevention of blowout and other causes of traffic accidents. By using of Single chip microcomputer(MCU) multitasking technology design of control system for the indirect tire pressure monitoring model. Through the photoelectric sensors to collect four groups tire speed information and develop a series of algorithms and determination method to judge the working state of the tires. It realizes the abnormal tire pressure alarm, and has made up the traditional indirect tire pressure monitoring method insufficiency. Draw the following conclusion: Through use of MCU multitasking technology, taking the radius of the changes caused by the tires pressure changes before blowout for comparison and analysis, getting several situations of tire burst judging method, and producing instruction and alarm that plays the purpose of real-time monitoring of tire blowout to prevent the sudden traffic accidents.
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Shao, She Gang, Yi Shen, Wen Sheng Yu, Ke Jian Fu, and Shao Yang Yan. "Discussion on Construction of Control System of Environmental Risk Source for Expressway Transportation Accidents of Dangerous Chemicals in Water Environmental Sensitive Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3520.
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Based on the analysis of the environmental risk characteristics of freeway dangerous chemicals transportation accidents, the environmental risk source control system, which combined the initiative prevention system and passive protection system, are proposed, and the relative subsystems are also elaborated in this article. The risk sources information transfer subsystem is composed by the security regulation platform of regional dangerous goods transportation and highway monitoring and communication system, and the function of the subsystem is transferring the public information between the highway and regional dangerous goods transportation security supervisory. Environmental risk sources prevention subsystem is comprised by the main engineering structures and traffic safety facilities, and the services of environmental accident risk defending platform, which composed by the runoff gathering facilities and reservoir.
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Rao, Sadhu Rama Mohana, Avvaru Krishnaveni, Reddi Bindu, and Ronanki Mounika. "Profile of Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases in Srikakulam District - An Autopsy-Based Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 7, no. 50 (December 14, 2020): 3046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2020/621.
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BACKGROUND Road Traffic Injuries (RTA's) are a major but neglected global public health problem requiring concerted efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. Road traffic accident is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including India. Srikakulam is the northern district in Andhra Pradesh state which has 194 kilometres of National Highway (NH) passing through it from Ichapuram to Pydibheemavaram. Frequent median openings, poorly designed access roads from the adjacent areas of highways and lack of effective enforcement to control wrong side vehicular movements on NH16 have led to an increase in number of road accidents in this region. We wanted to study the demographic distribution of cases, assess the nature and cause of deaths certified after post-mortem examinations, and evaluate the pattern and distribution of injuries associated with road traffic accidents. METHODS It is a record-based study, a total of 422 autopsies done in the year 2019 were studied, of which 131 were due to RTA's. Data regarding 131 RTA's was analysed using the records available with the Forensic Medicine department. Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) approval was taken. RESULTS In our study, 78 % were men, and 22 % were women. 41 - 60 years age group showed the highest number of victims (38 %) (49). Head injuries were most common (54.6 %), followed by multiple injuries (27.6 %) and chest injuries (8.4 %). The study reported more accident-related deaths during the month of May (22 %), followed by April (11.4 %). CONCLUSIONS Head injuries and subdural & sub arachnoid hematoma are the leading causes of death from RTAs. KEYWORDS Autopsy, Cause of Death, Fatal Road Traffic Accidents, Injuries, Pattern of Injuries
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Revyakina, Yelena, Larissa Cherckesova, Olga Safaryan, Vitaliy Porksheyan, Tatyana Nikishina, and Sergey Andryushchenko. "Development of intelligent system for automated traffic control." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021703009.
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This article is devoted to the issue of regulating traffic congestion in major cities of the world using artificial neural networks. Research is aimed at developing import – substituting automated intelligent system that uses artificial neural network to make decisions to optimize traffic congestion by changing the duration of light phases of traffic lights. Multilayer perceptron with sigmoidal activation function is used as neural network. The article describes developing stages of intelligent automated traffic control system that using artificial neural networks allows making informed decisions based on extensive analysis of available information, as well as constantly adapt it to incoming external influences that lead to non – equilibrium state. Practical application of the proposed system is expressed in unloading road sections adjacent to highway; reducing the number of traffic jams in the lanes or reducing the length of the car queue; automating traffic control and reducing the number of emergency cases that require inspection personnel to leave for manual control. System allow improving overall traffic situation by avoiding cascading traffic jams on adjacent sections; prevention of accidents and conflicts between motorists and pedestrians; improving the reliability of adjustment and reducing cost of maintenance infrastructure.
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Юшков, V. Yushkov, Юшков, and B. Yushkov. "IMPROVEMENT OF TRAFFIC FLOWS ON THE ROADS OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE AS VIBROPOLOSY." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17769.
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The article offers a modern solution of control tired at the wheel driver at movement on the hump for prevention of departure on strip of counter movement or exit the curb. The developed algorithm creation technical devices installed directly on a highway in the form of vibroplity, which is designed to reduce road accidents
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T., Muthukumar, Zile Singh, Vishnu Prasad R., Abel K. Samuel, and Raja T. K. "An epidemiological study of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183062.
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Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the only public health problem for which society and decision makers still accept death and disability among young people on a large scale. This study was undertaken to determine the various epidemiological factors influencing RTA with a view to suggest appropriate remedial measures for prevention of accidents.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. All the patients admitted in the hospital due to RTA from Jan to Dec 2014 were interviewed by using a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Institute ethics committee clearance was obtained.Results: Among 541 participants, 50% of the victims were in the productive age group of 20-40 yrs. The approximate speed of majority of the vehicles (55.6%) at the time of accident was 40-80 km/hr. Among the accident victims, 85.8% of the two wheeler riders did not use helmet and 70.9% of the car drivers did not wear seat belt at the time of accident. Around 39% of the drivers were under the influence of alcohol at the time of accident. Mobile phone is the major cause of distraction (51.9%) at the time of accident.Conclusions: Based on this study it is evident that prevention and control of most of the modifiable factors can bring about a change in the statistics that would ensure our future to be safer.
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Lee, Chris, Bruce Hellinga, and Frank Saccomanno. "Proactive freeway crash prevention using real-time traffic control." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-040.
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This paper makes use of a probabilistic model that predicts the likelihood of crashes (crash potential) on freeways on the basis of traffic flow conditions, in real-time crash prevention. The model was developed using incident logs and loop detector data collected over a 13-month period on the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto. Previous work suggested that an increase in levels of traffic turbulence generally yields high crash potential. Traffic turbulence was defined in terms of a series of crash precursors that represent traffic conditions that were present prior to crash occurrence. To apply the model in crash prevention, the link needs to be established between crash potential and real-time safety intervention. The objective of this paper is to explore this link for different thresholds of crash potential. The paper discusses the guidelines for evaluating the safety benefit of one crash prevention strategy (variable speed limits) and suggests the risk-based evaluation framework for real-time traffic control.Key words: crash, accident, freeway, safety, traffic flow, real-time control.
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Rolando, Sara, Franca Beccaria, Antonella Ermacora, and Laura Marinaro. "Drinking and driving: training the "prevention multipliers"." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (November 2010): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2010-su3013-ing.
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In the period 2007-2009 the Ministry of Health and the CCM (the Desease Control Center), in accordance with the Piemonte Region and the ASL CN2 Alba-Bra, have realized 88 training courses in 11 regions involving 2427 "multipliers of prevention", including Health Service workers, law enforcement officers, driving school teachers, Motor Registry and Traffic Authority officers, teachers, instructors (provisional licences). The project provided the participants with methodological and teaching tools for the activation of prevention actions of road accidents caused by the consumption of alcohol, pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, targeted at young learner drivers, new licence-holders, and high-risk drivers.
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Alotaibi, Y. "Human factors in driving accidents: A cognitive investigation in the Gulf context." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S137—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.222.
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IntroductionHuman factors have been reported as the reason behind the majority of car accidents. However, to date, no studies at least in the Arab world generally and Gulf area specifically, conducted a comprehensive examination of cognitive functioning as potential predictors of car accidents and driving violations.ObjectivesExamining the role of cognitive functions e.g., verbal working memory, attentional control as predictors of traffic accidents and driving violations.AimsExamining the predictability of individual's cognition of occurrence of driving violations and accidents.MethodsThe study was carried on a sample of hundred and thirty two participants whose age ranged between 24 and 31 years. They were classified into groups of violators and non-violators, accident free and accident involved as well. Cognitive functioning were measured using self-reports and task performance, and a series of ANOVAS as well as stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to test the research hypothesis.ResultsFindings showed significant differences between violators and non-violators and between the accident free and accident involved groups in almost all of the considered factors, except for the decision making factor. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlations showed that there were significant negative correlations between age, driving violations, and cognitive performance and the accidents.ConclusionsHuman cognition such as executive functioning and mental planning are key factors for predicting driving behavior and traffic accidents. The study results have many implications in diagnosing and preventing or at least reducing driving violations and road accidents.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Boo, Yookyung, and Youngjin Choi. "Comparison of Prediction Models for Mortality Related to Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents after Correcting for Undersampling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115604.
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In this study, four models—logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), linear support vector machine (SVM), and radial basis function (RBF)-SVM—were compared for their accuracy in determining mortality caused by road traffic injuries. They were tested using five years of national-level data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s (KDCA) National Hospital Discharge In-Depth Survey (2013 through to 2017). Model performance was measured for accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Brier score metrics using classification analysis that included characteristics of patients, accidents, injuries, and illnesses. Due to the number of variables and differing units, the rates of survival and mortality related to road traffic accidents were imbalanced, so the data was corrected and standardized before the classification models’ performances were compared. Using the importance analysis, the main diagnosis, the type of injury, the site of the injury, the type of injury, the operation status, the type of accident, the role at the time of the accident, and the sex were selected as the analysis factors. The biggest contributing factor was the role in the accident, which is the driver, and the major sites of the injuries were head injuries and deep injuries. Using selected factors, comparisons of the classification performance of each model indicated RBF-SVM and RF models were superior to the others. Of the SVM models, the RBF kernel model was superior to the linear kernel model; it can be inferred that the performance of the high-dimensional transformed RBF model is superior when the dimension is complex because of the use of multiple variables. The findings suggest there are limitations to analyses involving imbalanced, multidimensional original data, such as data on road traffic mortality. Thus, analyses must be performed after imbalances are corrected.
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Romanenko, N. "PRODUCTION HAZARDS ASSESSMENT IN THE OPERATION OF FOOD PROCESSING EQUIPMENT." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 35, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.35-1.2019.25-30.
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According to official statistics, the food industry is characterized by high rates of injury. An important role in preventing occupational injuries is played by the analysis of the causes and circumstances of accidents and, first of all, the bringing of its results to all structural units and employees. The purpose of the article is research and evaluation of industrial hazards during the operation of food industry equipment, scientific substantiation of priority directions of the prevention of traumatism at food enterprises. On the basis of the data of the special investigation of accidents at the Ukrainian industry, an injury analysis was conducted at food industry enterprises. Identified hazardous factors in the operation of food industry equipment. It has been determined that more than a third of injured people were injured when using cars. The second position is accidents related to technological equipment for the food, meat, dairy and fish industry. The main types of events that resulted in injuries include traffic accidents, including traffic accidents on public roads (roads) and on the territory of the enterprise, the effect of moving objects, flying, turning and falling of the victim. The state of professional training in the field of occupational safety of the victims was investigated. Distribution of accidents on causes of occurrence taking into account types of productions has been carried out. It was found that the most traumatic are the production of dairy products and the production of bread, bakery and flour products. The areas of injury in both types of production are: violations of traffic safety rules, violations of labor and production discipline, including non-fulfillment of official duties, requirements of instructions for occupational safety, unsatisfactory technical condition of industrial objects, buildings, structures of engineering communications, territories, means production, vehicles. In order to prevent injuries among food industry workers it is expedient: to provide the proper technical condition of production equipment; to strengthen control over the observance of the requirements of the technological process, the rules of labor protection in the performance of work of increased danger; to ensure the availability of modern means of individual and collective protection and to strengthen control over their use; to implement effective methods of teaching safe working methods.
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Kolosok, I. O. "Contributing factors that influence on road traffic’s risk." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 11, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2020.03.075.
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The level of transport at safety, energy consumption, and impact on the environment in Ukraine do not meet modern requirements. In recent decades, the world has seen a sharp increase in the number of vehicles and an increase in traffic, which leads to a stolen increase in the number of traffic accidents and their negative consequences. There is a whole range of issues that need to be solved, such as high mortality and injury rates as a result of road accidents; a significant part of obsolete vehicles operated by Ukrainian carrier, that is inefficient and harm the environment; the imperfection of the transport safety management system and the absence of a single coordinating body for road safety management, which is the reason for the lack of an integrated system of state road safety management; low level of coordination of actions and institutional capacity of state authorities and local governments to plan and conduct actions in the field of road safety; the imperfection of traffic accident monitoring systems, their statistics, and risk management; ineffective approach in solving the problem of high accident rate and severity of its consequences and creating a scientific basis for activities in the field of road safety; lack of specific measurable goals to increase the level of road safety, the relevant coordinated action plan in this area; unsatisfactory technical condition of a significant number of vehicles and the lack of a system for monitoring the safety of vehicles during their operation; low level of introduction and practical application of the latest technologies and technical means of traffic organization, automated means of control and regulation of traffic; insufficient funding of measures aimed at preventing and reducing the level of accidents, reducing the number of road accidents with real consequences; low level of driver training and lack of effective control over the activities of driving schools; low level of education of the society in the field of road safety, own responsibility and observance of traffic rules, etc. The car has advantages over other types of vehicles: high mobility, relative ease of operation, the ability to deliver passengers and goods "door to door". It is these advantages of the car that are associated with the negative phenomena that accompany motorization where the lack of traffic safety is in the first place. We can name three important characteristics of modern road transport, which determine the low-level of safety: insufficient provision of road transport with appropriate in their parameters roads; insufficient isolation of traffic flows from other road users; mass driver's profession, which causes a low average level of qualification.
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Borisov, V. E., V. V. Borsoeva, S. M. Stepanov, and A. I. Stepnova. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ATM STAFF PERSONNEL PROFESSIONAL QUALITEIS ON AIR TRAFFIC SAFETY." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 22, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-1-8-17.
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The profound and qualitative analysis of the work which is carried out by the controller in direct management of the air traffic and preventing aviation accidents is of great importance, since there is a significant number of factors affecting the consequences of any air-traffic event. While analyzing the work of the air traffic controller (ATC), it is necessary to take into account his physical condition, as well as his work experience and age. Careful examination of controller’s internship, retraining and unsupervised work processes is one of the effective accident-preventing methods allowing us to visualize and track the relationship between the identified errors and possible options for minimizing them. In order to make a detailed analysis of ATC performance, each civil aviation enterprise employs the means of objective control and a method of supervision containing a data set of the revealed errors made by the controller while working. The process of monitoring with the help of objective control means makes it possible to identify the drawbacks in the air traffic management while performing each operation, and also to develop a set of measures for preventing aviation accidents in the future. However, it is not always possible to identify problems in time, because they can be hidden from the inspectors intentionally or due to such circumstances as emotional and spiritual experiences of the air traffic controller, provoked both by the activity inside the working environment and beyond it. The notion of a "human factor" is versatile, so it is important to interpret it accurately. The "human factor" should be scrutinized relying on the experience of highly-qualified specialists, since all areas differ from each other by interaction with machines, procedures and the surrounding environment, as well as cooperation of people inside these areas.
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Li, Tan, Xi Chen, Qi Xin Yin, and Yong Ping Hou. "Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1705.
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Tire blowout is a very serious security incident, particularly on the highway. As the existing anti-blowout device and measures also failed to meet the requirements to ensure traffic safety, research and development of prevention and treatment system is particularly important. In light of this, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System is put forward. Sensor can send signals to the controller, and then the controller directs the gas generator to generate a lot of gas instantly, and through a special airway tire is inflated, so that the instability of the vehicle is eased. The concept of "vacuum tube tire" is first proposed, it can adapt to the inflation process better. Tire blowout, drunk driving and speeding is called together "three big killers on road" in China, so we can see that there are many incidents like these. Meanwhile, tire blowout is not like the other two which can be prevented by human’s means, it is sometimes not within our control. According to statistics, 70% of national highway traffic accidents are due to tire blowout, and a speed of more than 160km/h makes mortality possibility up to nearly 100%. In the check of the tires, more than 40% of them have security risks. [1] Statistics show that: The main reason why traffic accidents of high-speed driving keep increasing is leaked or inflated tires. In China, there is statistical data show that 46% traffic accidents on the highway were due to tire problem, in which tire blowout accounts for more than 70% of the total accidents, and the most crucial reasons of this is because the owners’ improper tire maintenance method. Beyond the boring concept, we can see a bunch of rather alarming figures, accounting for 49.81% highway accidents deaths, 63.94% injuries, 43.38% direct property loss were caused by high-speed tire blowout. High-speed tire blowout is considered to be the super-killer of traffic safety. And all the tire blowout incidents warn people to pay attention to tire safety.
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Totkova, Zornitsa. "Interconnection between Driving Style, Traffic Locus of Control, and Impulsivity in Bulgarian Drivers." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10020058.
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The need for research in the field of transport psychology in Bulgaria has become more tangible in recent years, due to both the increased public intolerance to aggressive driving and the very high number of injuries and fatalities in road accidents in the country. The main objective of this study is to investigate the interconnection between Driving style, Traffic locus of control, and the Impulsivity in Bulgarian drivers. A research is conducted in order to examine the relations between the constructs in Bulgarian sample (n = 456, male = 204; female = 252; average age = 37). The results show that there are significant correlations between impulsivity and all driving styles. Positive correlations were found with the maladaptive driving styles, while the adaptive driving style was negatively associated with impulsivity. Correlations between the traffic locus of control and the driving styles were also found. These results provide a very good opportunity for further research in this area as well as for the development of prevention and training programs in the field of road safety.
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Sutterland, Arjen L., Anne Kuin, Bouke Kuiper, Tom van Gool, Marion Leboyer, Guillaume Fond, and Lieuwe de Haan. "Driving us mad: the association of Toxoplasma gondii with suicide attempts and traffic accidents – a systematic review and meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 10 (April 23, 2019): 1608–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000813.
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AbstractUnnatural causes of death due to traffic accidents (TA) and suicide attempts (SA) constitute a major burden on global health, which remained stable in the last decade despite widespread efforts of prevention. Recently, latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been suggested to be a biological risk factor for both TA and SA. Therefore, a systematic search concerning the relationship of T. gondii infection with TA and/or SA according to PRISMA guidelines in Medline, Pubmed and PsychInfo was conducted collecting papers up to 11 February 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018090206). The random-effect model was applied and sensitivity analyses were subsequently performed. Lastly, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated. We found a significant association for antibodies against T. gondii with TA [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.38, p = 0.003] and SA (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.10–1.76, p = 0006). Indication of publication bias was found for TA, but statistical adjustment for this bias did not change the OR. Heterogeneity between studies on SA was partly explained by type of control population used (ORhealthy controls = 1.9, p < 0.001 v. ORpsychiatric controls = 1.06, p = 0.87) and whether subjects with schizophrenia only were analysed (ORschizophrenia = 0.87, p = 0.62 v. ORvarious = 1.8, p < 0.001). The association was significantly stronger with higher antibody titres in TA and in studies that did not focus on schizophrenia subjects concerning SA. PAF of a T. gondii infection was 17% for TA and 10% for SA. This indicates that preventing T. gondii infection may play a role in the prevention of TA or SA, although uncertainty remains whether infection and outcome are truly causally related.
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Malmtorp, Jan, Johan Lundin, Peter Lundman, and Per Vedin. "Safety in Road Tunnels – Safety Target Proposal." International Journal of Applied Science 2, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): p13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v2n3p13.
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The purpose of this paper is to propose a quantitative target for assessment of life safety in road tunnels and describe how such a target can be utilized and developed further. The target is developed from an analysis of initiating events, accident statistics and analytical approaches and it makes it possible to tailor the safety concept in individual tunnels to meet the target by means of quantitative risk analyses. The results indicate that the practice proposed is beneficial for both quality and transparency in the decision-making, as well as it can be judged to have the potential to improve cost-efficiency in the safety related work. It is concluded that the target should be calibrated and evaluated with data from real tunnels before implementation and that the resulting safety level from present ruling is assessed. Also, it is concluded that the total cost to realize the safety target is assessed. It is recommended to put more effort on general accident prevention in tunnels compared to surface roads in order to reduce the number of events that may escalate beyond control. It is also recommended that the road tunnel safety learning processes are improved by routine collection, compilation and evaluation of data on road tunnel accidents as well as vehicle-fires and dangerous goods accidents in road traffic as a whole.
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Huang, Lei, De-Yong Guan, and Xin-Hong Qiang. "Modeling the kinetic energy dissipation of road system considering actual weather conditions." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 07 (March 10, 2019): 1950073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500738.
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Traffic flow dynamics and energy consumption differs under dissimilar weather conditions, while seldom investigations have been conducted with a cellular automata model. In this paper, the friction coefficient between ground and tire is considered as the quantitative label of weather, a dynamic safe gap based on friction coefficient to avoid rear-end crash is introduced. We developed a safer one-dimensional model to examine the kinetic energy consumption under different weathers. Numerical results show that previous models overestimated the kinetic energy consumption in medium density flow (density [Formula: see text]0.5). In medium flow, speed limit will not reduce energy consumption on rainy and snowy days in most cases, but is necessary for prevention of accidents. Inversely, the effect of speed control on energy consumption is obvious under extreme weather. Our work can promote a better understanding of traffic dynamics, reduce energy dissipation and be applied to real traffic management.
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Lane, John C. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training in Developing Regions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043909.
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In Third World countries there are many priorities that take precedence over cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Some more common concerns are malnutrition, infectious diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, measles and polio) and children's diseases such as diarrhea and dehydration. Other priorities such as sanitation, housing, primary and professional education, jobs and birth control, inflation (118% for Brazil in 1980), energy crises and balance of payments are important government priorities. Accident prevention in civil construction and traffic education should be of paramount importance in a country that holds world records of accidents in both sectors. After we consider the above priorities, first aid education and CPR are to be taken into account. This does not mean that CPR training is not to be undertaken until all of the other priorities are satisfied, but it does mean that the availability of funds and motivation will be relegated to a lower priority in countries that are developing and have similar problems.
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Yang, Xianfeng (Terry), Gang-Len Chang, Zhao Zhang, and Pengfei (Taylor) Li. "Smart Signal Control System for Accident Prevention and Arterial Speed Harmonization under Connected Vehicle Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837242.
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The intent of this paper is to develop a system that can integrate connected vehicle (CV) data and traffic sensor information to concurrently address the need to improve urban arterial safety and mobility. Under the mixed traffic pattern of CVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs), the system aims to achieve three primary objectives: proactively preventing rear-end collision, reactively protecting side-street traffic from red-light-running vehicles, and effectively facilitating speed harmonization along local arterials. The embedded safety function will integrate CV and roadside sensor data to compute the distribution of dilemma zones for vehicles of different approaching speeds in real-time. Such data fusion will enable the proposed system to offer the advice of either “stop” or “go” to both CVs and HVs so as to prevent rear-end collisions and side-angled crashes. Given the locations and speeds of CVs, and the number of vehicles monitored by sensors, the proposed system can further compute the time-varying intersection queue length. Then the embedded mobility function will optimize the arterial signal plan in real-time and produce the speed advisory for approaching vehicles to facilitate their progression through intersections. Results from extensive simulation experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system in both reducing potential intersection crash rates and improving arterial progression efficiency. The proposed control framework also proves the effectiveness of using dilemma zone protection sensors for traffic mobility improvement.
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Osifo, Osarumwense David, Theophilus Osasumwen Osagie, and Pius Ehiawaguan Iribhogbe. "Pediatric Road Traffic Accident Deaths Presenting to a Nigerian Referral Center." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000465.
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AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic accident (RTA) is a common cause of pediatric trauma death and disability, constituting a worldwide loss of financial resources and potential manpower. This study was designed to determine the causes, prehospital care, presentation, and injuries that resulted in deaths among pediatric victims of RTA in Nigeria, and to make suggestions, based on the study data, to reduce RTA deaths.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of pediatric RTA presenting to a Nigerian referral center. The records of all pediatric RTA between January 2006 and December 2010 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital were analyzed for age, gender, causes of death, injury, rescue team prehospital treatment, injury to hospital arrival time, clinical condition on arrival, treatment, duration of hospitalization before death, challenges, and postmortem findings.ResultsTwenty-six (18%) of 143 pediatric RTA, comprising 18 males and 8 females, between less than one and 18 (mean 9.3 ± 5.2) years of age died. There was no significant statistical demographic difference observed when 15 (58%) deaths recorded among 67 (46.9%) children involved in motor vehicle accidents were compared with 11 (42%) involved in 76 (53.1%) motorcycle accidents (P = .31). More severe injuries resulting in the majority of deaths were associated with alcohol intoxication (P < .0001). Fourteen (54%) of the deaths were pedestrians, eight of whom were selling wares on the roadside; six were crossing roads that had no traffic signs or traffic control. Of the eight vehicle passengers who died, only two wore seat belts or used pediatric car seats, with no statistical significance compared to those who did not use seat belts or car seats (P = .37). Four of 14 front seat passengers and four of 32 rear seat passengers died (P = .222). Of motorcycle passengers, none of those who wore protective crash helmets died, while four died who were not wearing helmets. Passers-by and sympathizers served as rescuers provided emergency treatment, and presented the victims between one hour and four days after the accidents. Head injury in 14 (54%) cases was the most common cause of death.ConclusionPediatric RTA deaths in this study were due mainly to preventable causes. There is a need to stress road safety education to children, drivers, the general public and government policy formulators, and to adopt RTA preventive measures in this region of Nigeria.Osifo OD, Osagie TO, Iribhogbe PE. Pediatric road traffic accident deaths presenting to a Nigerian referral center. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-6.
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Tokko, Tõnis, Diva Eensoo, Mariliis Vaht, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Andreas Reif, and Jaanus Harro. "Relapse of drunk driving and association with traffic accidents, alcohol-related problems and biomarkers of impulsivity." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.30.
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AbstractObjectiveIndividual biological predispositions should play a role in risky driving behaviour. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms have been identified as markers of impulsivity, alcohol use and excessive risk-taking. We aimed to find out how this knowledge on neurobiology of impulsivity applies to drunk driving and traffic behaviour in general.MethodsWe have longitudinally examined the behaviour of drunk drivers (n = 203) and controls (n = 211) in traffic, in association with their alcohol-related problems, personality measures and the three biomarkers. We analysed differences between the subjects based on whether they had committed driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) violation in a 10-year time period after recruitment or not and investigated further, what kind of predictive value do the different biomarkers have in committing DWI and other traffic violations and accidents.ResultsThe original drunk drivers group had lower platelet MAO activity but further DWI was not significantly associated with this measure. Being a NPSR1 T-allele carrier contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI. DAT1 9R carriers in contrast were involved in more traffic accidents by their own fault (active accidents), compared to 10R homozygotes in the whole sample. All groups with DWI also had significantly more alcohol-related problems and higher scores in maladaptive impulsivity compared to controls without DWI.ConclusionsEstablished biological markers of alcohol use and impulsivity can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in contributing to the understanding of the need for more personalized prevention activities.
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Freitas, Carla Kalline Alves Cartaxo, Manuel Alves Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel Santos Dinis Parreira, Ana Carla Ferreira Silva dos Santos, Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima, Viviane Santos Fontes, João Paulo Almeida Freitas, José Marcos de Jesus Santos, and Edilene Curvelo Hora Mota. "EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PROMOTION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;4;00012.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. Methods: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student’s t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. Results: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). Conclusions: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.
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Wang, Yan Hui, Jun Jin, Ling Xi Zhu, Yong Qin, and Ping Li. "Safety Statistical Analysis Based on Urban Rail Transit Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4167.
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Aiming at the characteristics of the safety of urban rail transit system operation, this paper adopts the comprehensive analysis and statistical chart included by the statistical analysis to process the data, which is based on the relevant data in accordance with Beijing Rail Traffic Control Center Statistics in 2012 and indicators of the station, line and road network, in addition, the trend and the indicator between horizontal and longitudinal contrast are also analyzed about stations, lines and the road network . The results can conclude the potential security risks information, such as, the maximum early peak average daily transfer of Xizhimen station, the maximum passenger traffic of Line1 ,the maximum passenger traffic of the road network up to July and August, and the largest proportion of signal failure. Finally, the laws can be find out, and the specific prevention measures can be put forward for the management, which has a certain significance for the reduction of accidents, and can give some theoretical guidance to urban rail transit operations managers.
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Yadav, Sachin Singh, Anurag Shrivastava, Prabhaker Mishra, and Anish Prabhakar. "Study of socio-demographic patterns and epidemiological correlates of unintentional injuries among 1-5 year children in Moradabad." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175797.
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Background: Unintentional injuries among children are an emerging public health problem. Accidental injuries are one of the leading causes of death, hospitalization and disability across the world. Fragile, helpless and innocent, an infant enters the world completely dependent on its caretakers. Children’s environment plays a critical role, both in the occurrence and severity of an injury. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the domestic unintentional injuries among under-five children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the urban field practice area of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre Moradabad. Information about domestic accidents among the family members in the last one year from the date of survey was obtained by interviewing the head of the family or responsible member of the family age ≥ 18 year. Study target sample size was taken 440 was selected by using two stage cluster sampling technique. Results: Out of 440 children 20% (88) reported to have experience unintentional injuries. History of fall was the commonest 42 (47.3%) form of injury reported followed by injury due to sharp object and road traffic accident. Toddlers, male child were affected more. Only 48.9% caregivers were aware about first aid measures to be taken after unintentional injury, 71.3% participants reported implementation of preventive measures. Conclusions: Unintentional injuries are becoming more common. We recommend for prompt and target group interventions in order to prevent and control the domestic accidents, promotion of household safety measures and creation of awareness among the community using information, education, and communication (IEC) interventions have to be undertaken.
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Tian, Shun, Lang Wei, Chris Schwarz, WenCai Zhou, Yuan Jiao, and YanQin Chen. "An Earlier Predictive Rollover Index Designed for Bus Rollover Detection and Prevention." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2713868.
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As vehicle rollovers annually cause a great deal of traffic-related deaths, an increasing number of vehicles are being equipped with rollover prevention systems with the aim of avoiding such accidents. To improve the functionality of active rollover prevention systems, this study provided a potential enhanced method with the intention to predict the tendency of the lateral load transfer ratio (LTR), which is the most common rollover index. This will help provide a certain amount of lead time for the control system to respond more effectively. Before the prediction process, an estimation equation was proposed to better estimate the LTR; the equation was validated using Simulink and TruckSim. Further, to eliminate the influence of drawbacks and make this method practical, a buffer operator was added. Simulation results showed that grey LTR (GLTR) was able to roundly predict the future trend of the LTR based on current and previous data. Under the tests of “Sine with Dwell” (Sindwell) and double lane change (DLC), the GLTR could provide the control system with sufficient time beforehand. Additionally, to further examine the performance of the GLTR, a differential system model was adopted to verify its effectiveness. Through the Sindwell maneuver, it was demonstrated that the GLTR index could improve the performance of the rollover prevention systems by achieving the expected response.
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Yoshida, Hidehisa, Manabu Omae, and Takahiro Wada. "Toward Next Active Safety Technology of Intelligent Vehicle." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, no. 6 (December 18, 2015): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0610.
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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/02.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Intelligent vehicle technologies</div>Autonomous driving has attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of energy consumption and traffic accident prevention; hence, its introduction has been desired. In Japan, various accident prevention safety technologies were developed for cooperative control between the driver and the vehicle system. For example, “adaptive cruise control system” and “lane departure warning system” were developed in the 1990s and “lane keeping assist system” and “braking control device for reducing collision damage” in the early stages of the 2000s. Later in Europe, autonomous driving systems were actively studied, and an automated braking system to avoid collisions was introduced in the market in the second half of the 2000s. Studies and development have been promoted for the practical use of active safety technologies based on autonomous driving technologies. Autonomous driving technologies could be applied to various cases, such as convoy travelling to compensate for the insufficient number of professional drivers or to improve their work environment, last-one-mile travelling from a public transportation station to home for the elderly, people who have children and people who need assistance, dead-man system for sudden illness of the driver, and automated parking for assisting the driver who is not good at it, or for the parking space to be effectively used. In this paper, an overview of the transition and history of vehicular technologies for safety and reliability is given. In particular, active safety technologies for traffic accident prevention and the necessary related technology trend are reviewed, and future problems are pointed out.
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Luht, Kadi, Tõnis Tokko, Diva Eensoo, Mariliis Vaht, and Jaanus Harro. "Efficacy of intervention at traffic schools reducing impulsive action, and association with candidate gene variants." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 03 (June 2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.2.
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AbstractObjectiveRoad traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people. Recognition of the contribution of impulsive behaviour may help novice drivers to behave more safely. Previously a brief intervention focusing on impulsive traffic behaviour conducted by psychologists in driving schools had been effective. The aim of this study was an independent re-evaluation of the effect of the intervention, as conducted by driving school teachers, and assessment of the potential associations with candidate genotypes.MethodsDriving school students (mean age 22.5, SD=7.9) were divided into intervention (n=704) and control (n=737) groups. Driving school teachers were trained to administer the intervention which consisted of a lecture and group work (1.5 h in total) on impulsivity. Traffic offences and crashes were monitored during 3 years, using police and traffic insurance fund databases. Functional polymorphisms of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter genes (DAT1 VNTR and 5-HTTLPR) were assessed.ResultsThe intervention significantly lowered general traffic risk and prevalence of traffic accidents. DAT1 VNTR 9R carriers, particularly males, had higher general traffic risk in the whole sample. Female 5-HTTLPR s’ allele carriers of the intervention group had the lowest general traffic risk. Intervention was most effective in female DAT1 VNTR 10R/10R homozygotes.ConclusionsBrief impulsivity-centred intervention appears as a promising strategy for preventing risk-taking behaviour in novice drivers and can be fully integrated to driving school curriculum.
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Milanés, Vicente, Enrique Onieva, Joshué Pérez, Javier Simó, Carlos González, and Teresa de Pedro. "MAKING TRANSPORT SAFER: V2V-BASED AUTOMATED EMERGENCY BRAKING SYSTEM." TRANSPORT 26, no. 3 (October 5, 2011): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.622359.
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An important goal in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is to provide driving aids aimed at preventing accidents and reducing the number of traffic victims. The commonest traffic accidents in urban areas are due to sudden braking that demands a very fast response on the part of drivers. Attempts to solve this problem have motivated many ITS advances including the detection of the intention of surrounding cars using lasers, radars or cameras. However, this might not be enough to increase safety when there is a danger of collision. Vehicle to vehicle communications are needed to ensure that the other intentions of cars are also available. The article describes the development of a controller to perform an emergency stop via an electro-hydraulic braking system employed on dry asphalt. An original V2V communication scheme based on WiFi cards has been used for broadcasting positioning information to other vehicles. The reliability of the scheme has been theoretically analyzed to estimate its performance when the number of vehicles involved is much higher. This controller has been incorporated into the AUTOPIA program control for automatic cars. The system has been implemented in Citroën C3 Pluriel, and various tests were performed to evaluate its operation.
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Shwaly, Sayed, Amal AL-Ayaat, and Mohamed Hamed Zakaria. "Public Evaluation of Speed Humps Performance and Effectiveness." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 6 (July 4, 2018): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309168.
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In Egypt, it is believed that speed humps are the cheapest and best solutions to reduce vehicles speed and thus reduce the number of potential accidents. Due to the lack of specifications in Egypt that govern the installation of speed humps, they were spread randomly and with different dimensions without adequate studies. Consequently, this practice can cause adverse effects on the road users and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to discuss the different effects of using speed humps in Kafr El-Sheikh city as a typical model in the Egyptian cities. To verify that the questionnaire is appropriate for the intended task, it was evaluated by 30 respondents aged 18 years and over. After the trial process, the required corrections were made to the proposed form of the questionnaire. Then, final questionnaires were distributed and 1000 responses were collected from all road users, whether they were pedestrians, drivers, owners of vehicles or vehicle repairmen by using face-to-face interviews. The responses were analysed using SPSS program. The results reflected that the installation of speed humps contributed greatly to reduce vehicles speed, the flow of traffic and accidents rate. On the other hand, the results proved that humps also contribute significantly to the environmental pollution, damage to the pavement and vehicles especially when they are poorly designed and located. The majority of respondents attributed the random spread of the speed humps to the weakness of the authorities in law enforcement and the prevention of the installation of new humps without authorization. Finally, with the widespread use of speed humps and with the exception of the positive impact on traffic safety, it also has negative impacts on both the economy and the environment. Finally, the use of speed humps can cause many harmful effects to the neighbourhood, if there no strict control on its installation process. Unless specifications and some standards should be strictly followed, other means of traffic calming measures should be considered.
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Liu, Mu Yu, Wei Tian, Ying Wang, Wu Jing, and Xi Chen. "Risk Prevention Measures for Three-Tower and Four-Span Suspension Bridge under Vehicle Fire." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.590.
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Risk prevention measures were put forward about vehicle burning in operating periods for three-tower and four-span suspension bridge, combining with the characteristics of bridge vehicle burning accident. The article set up a traffic reporting system of the tankers for a bridge, and determined the report system of tankers across the bridge. Tankers should passed in the middle of the lane near the median under the guidance of bridge manager. Significant indicators were set on both ends of the bridge, so that vehicles could shunt rapidly in extreme fire conditions. Department of public security, fire control, transportation, bridges management center should get together to establish accident emergency rescue leading group, and formulated the security system of fire resistance and rescue organization for YingWuzhou Yangtze river bridge. Video monitoring alarm system and fire control facilities were set up in side pier, side tower, middle of the main span and the middle tower, which provided reliable and prevention measures for bridge operation.
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Mendonca, Flavio A. C., Julius Keller, and Chenyu Huang. "An analysis of wildlife strikes to aircraft in Brazil: 2011-2018." Journal of Airline and Airport Management 10, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jairm.160.
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Purpose: Aircraft accidents due to wildlife hazards have become a growing safety and economic problem to the Brazilian and international aviation industries. These safety occurrences have resulted in significant direct and indirect economic losses as well injuries and fatalities worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop empirical information obtained from the analysis of wildlife strike and aircraft operations data in Brazil that could be used for accident prevention efforts.Design/methodology: The research team collected and analyzed aircraft operations as well as wildlife strike data from the 32 busiest commercial airports in Brazil, from 2011 through 2018. Researchers obtained the number of aircraft operations at each of those 32 Brazilian airports from the Brazilian air traffic operations annual reports published by the Air Traffic Control Department. Wildlife strike data from the studied airports were obtained from the Brazilian national wildlife strike database. Descriptive data analysis was adopted to provide an intuitive and overall trend of wildlife strikes at and the 32 busiest commercial airports in Brazil.Findings: Results indicate that the number of wildlife strikes at and around the investigated airports increased 70% even though the number of aircraft operations at these airports declined by 12% during the period studied. Birds were involved in 88% of the reported events. Most reported strikes (59%) and damaging strikes (39%) occurred during the arrival phases-of-flight. Most (33%) strikes were reported by airport personnel. A finding of concern was that the majority of wildlife strikes (97%) and damaging wildlife strikes (96%) occurred within the airport environment.Originality/value: The current project contributes to the safety management of wildlife hazards in Brazil by conducting a comprehensive analysis of wildlife strike and aircraft operations data (2011-2018) in the 32 busiest Brazilian commercial airports.
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Zhang, Jingmei. "Roll Stability Early Warning System Based on Tilt Sensor." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 09 (September 22, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i09.7586.
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<p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: medium;">In view of the over-speed phenomenon of heavy haul vehicles at high speed, the estimation of the effective range of the dynamic stability and inclination angle of the truck was carried out a rollover stability alarm system based on liquid pendulum angle sensor and virtual instrument software was developed. The working principle and data processing module of tilt sensor are discussed, through the data lines to output analog voltage signal transmitted to the vehicle </span><a name="OLE_LINK32"></a><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: medium;">electronic control unit</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: medium;">. A control command is sent by the electronic control unit and sent to the driver via an alarm device, which enables the driver to control the speed in time, and so it reduces the risk of a rollover accident. The results show that the warning system is of good accuracy. The early warning system preventing malignant road traffic accidents has important social significance and actual application value for a safe vehicle.</span></span></p>
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Krstić, Vojislav, and Stefan Mladenović. "THE EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE USE ON TRAFFIC SAFETY." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041415v.
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With the expansion of offered content and applications in mobile phones, the risk of using mobile phones while driving increases. This problem is getting more and more important worldwide. Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to traffic safety indicators as it has been proven that there is a strong correlation between the consequences of traffic accidents and traffic safety indicators. One of these indicators is the mobile phone use while driving. Operating vehicles require drivers' full attention. Therefore, the use of a mobile phone while driving is a major problem. Using a mobile phone draws driver's attention and causes behavioral changes that negatively affect the traffic safety. The use of mobile phones while driving is an ongoing problem of traffic safety and is associated with an increased risk of participation in traffic accidents. In addition to the harmful effects from the medical aspect, one of the more important negative effects of the mobile phone is the negative impact on traffic participants. The negative impact of the phone on traffic safety is reflected in the fact that their use while driving hinders the driver's attention. Even with automated actions, the degree of event detection is severely reduced. The degree of impact of mobile phone use on driving performance depends on the moment and situation at that moment. The commitment to the conversation is yet another factor that affects the driving quality. The combination of these two factors can have extremely damaging effects on driving. The phones can distract the driver's attention in three ways: while the driver is looking for the phone, takes the phone to receive or make a call, or writes or reads the message. In these situations, he cannot properly hold the steering wheel or gearbox – hence is not fully aware of the road nor traffic around, and cannot fully control the vehicle. If speaking, the driver is not fully focused on driving because tracking conversations diminishes the attention and perception of traffic around. This problem has been recognized long time ago worldwide, and many studies have been conducted on a given subject which have been influencing drivers to reduce the need for mobile phones. There are many approaches and various measures that can be taken: preventing and educating participants in traffic about the negative effects of the mobile phone use while driving, campaigning, repressive and coercion measures, applying new technologies . . . Accepting the right behavior is the key to solving the problem, since it is impossible to sanction everyone at any given time. Drivers need to understand that mobile phone usage threatens their safety, as well as of other participants in the traffic.
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Li, Xin, and Yao Li Zhan. "Analysis of the Smoke Flow in Subway Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.44.
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Subway is an efficient transportation to alleviate the intensive traffic in modern cities. In the case of fire, it will bring out serious casualties and property losses. This research analysis the accident causes and characteristics in subway fire and flue gas flow analysis of mechanical smoke control track area of fire. The results and conclusions of this research are of great significance and practical value for the subway fire prevention and fighting，and have great reference value to the performance-based fire design in subway fire．
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Afifi, Raouf M., Sherif Omar, and Ahmed El Raggal. "A novel influenza A (H1N1) outbreak experience among residents of a long term-care facility in Saudi Arabia during 2010 seasonal flu circulation." Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 1 (March 13, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.e23.
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The aim of this work was to describe and analyze an outbreak of novel 2009 influenza A (H1N1) among residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF) in Prince Mansour Military Hospital (PMMH), Taif, Saudi Arabia. These patients had been admitted to the LTCF months or years before the outbreak for several reasons, e.g. cerebral palsy, neurological deficits due to road traffic accidents with resultant handicap, chronic diseases associated with old age. An observational study was carried out to demonstrate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics (demographic factors, risk factors, and outcomes) associated with the outbreak in order to clarify which prevention and control measures had been taken and which recommendations were followed. During the period October 28 to November 11 2010, 21 LTCF residents were suspected to be clinically involved: fever ≥38ºC with influenza-like illness (ILI). Age ranged from 9-91 years (mean 46±24.13); 62% were males. Among them, 12 (57%) were influenza A (H1N1) positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Mortality involved 2 (17%) of the A (H1N1) laboratory confirmed individuals. Implementation of the recommended infection control measures mitigated the transmission of infection to new individuals. The fulfillment of strict infection control measures could limit H1N1 infection among LTCFPMMH patients. Routine influenza, including specific H1N1 immunization of all LTCF residents together with their healthcare staff, should be mandatory in those settings serving immunocompromised patients.
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Bezabh, Yodit Habtamu, Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, Tolesa Fanta, Agitu Tadese, and Mikiyas Tulu. "Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency responders of Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Ethiopia: institution-based, cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e020705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020705.
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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency responders at Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based, cross-sectional design.SettingThe study was conducted at the Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Participants603 emergency responders who worked in the Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Authority during the study period.MeasurementData were collected using a self-administered questionnaire: an adaptation of the standardised PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. The questionnaire was administered to subjects on duty. Social support was measured using the Oslo 3-Item Social Support Scale, while other stressful life events were measured using the List of Threatening Experiences, that is, experiencing one or more stressful life events in the last 6 months. Reliability and construct validity were verified. To be diagnosed with PTSD, a subject must display at least three different types of symptoms at once. Coded variables were entered into Epi Info V.3.5.1 and then exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. Descriptive and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions and 95% CI were employed to establish and test statistically significant associations.ResultsA total of 603 subjects participated in the study, with 19.9% prevalence rate of PTSD (95% CI 16.9 to 23.1). The study found family history of mental illness (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.82; 95% CI 1.65 to 4.84), longer years of service (AOR=2.67; 95% CI 1.54 to 4.63), as well as prolonged exposure to emergency situations (AOR=0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.84) and road traffic accidents (AOR=2.71; 95% CI 1.67 to 4.42) as significant predictors of PTSD among emergency responders.ConclusionThe prevalence of PTSD was high among the study population. Family history of mental illness, length of service, duration of exposure and type of exposure were found to be associated with PTSD. Mental health education and linking emergency responders with available mental health services/facilities should be prioritised to mitigate the problem.
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Kandel, Ishwor Sharma, Karuna Acharya, Sandip Gupta, and Bhola Shrestha. "Spectrum of paediatric orthopaedic injuries in Patient attending emergency department of Gandaki Medical College of Pokhara, Nepal." Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v1i2.23390.
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Background: Children are vulnerable to musculoskeletal injuries both at home and on the street for various reasons. Morbidity and disabilities resulting from these, mostly preventable, injuries, make them a burden to their families and society. The role of various factors associated with injuries is often not documented.
Methods: This prospective, cross sectional study was done on 80 children aged below 16 years with musculoskeletal trauma, data were collected and analysis was done using Microsoft excel and frequency table. The various modes of injuries, place of injuries, pattern of injuries and regional distribution of injuries were analyzed.
Results: One in every four to five patient was a child below 16 years of age. Boys were injured more than girls. Injuries, especially fractures, were most common in the extremities, the upper limb more commonly injured than the lower limb. Most of the injuries occurred at home. The most common mode of injuries was falls that happened while playing both within and outside the home, followed by road traffic accidents. Most injuries occurred during daytime.
Conclusions: Many injuries in children were found to be preventable. Small interventions and modification while constructing homes and surroundings can contribute tremendously to injury prevention and control in children. Parental awareness about the various modes of injury, role of supervised playing and their responsibility towards injury prevention can play a key role in reducing the morbidity associated with childhood fractures.
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Alghnam, Towhari, Alkelya, Alsaif, Alrowaily, Alrabeeah, and Albabtain. "The Association between Mobile Phone Use and Severe Traffic Injuries: A Case-Control Study from Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152706.
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Road traffic injury (RTI) is the third leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Using a mobile phone when driving is associated with distracted driving, which may result in RTIs. Because of limited empirical data, we investigated the association between mobile phone use and RTI in injured patients and community controls in Riyadh. Cases were patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) between October 2016 and March 2018 due to RTIs. During admission, mobile phone use at the time of the accident was investigated. The controls were drivers observed at various locations citywide. A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the association between mobile phone use while driving and sustaining RTIs. We included 318 cases and 1700 controls. For the cases, using a mobile phone was associated with higher severity and prevalence of disability. In addition, using a mobile phone while driving is associated with 44% higher odds of incurring a severe RTI (p = 0.04). Mobile phone use while driving is prevalent in Riyadh and pose a significant threat of disability. In addition, the low prevalence of seatbelt use is alarming and requires significant improvement. Prevention programs may use these findings to educate the public and policymakers and to advocate for increased visibility of enforcement to reduce RTIs and improve population health.
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Ilchenko, O. V., and M. Varava. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SECURITY OF ROAD TRANSPORT: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Legal horizons, no. 19 (2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i19.p138.
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The article analyzes the introduction of the European experience for ensuring road safety on the highways of Ukraine. The conclusion is made on the feasibility of introducing such an experience in Ukraine. The basic directions, which should promote the creation of a safe, reliable, stable, stable, and regulated system of road safety in modern living conditions are determined. Analysis of the best European practices for the introduction of modern automated road traffic control systems based on the achievements of European colleagues will significantly improve the situation in the field of road safety. The introduction of innovative management technologies, including road traffic, will provide the necessary sustainable development of the economy and society as a whole. Prevention as the main and priority direction of positive European experience such as clarification in mass media, distribution of information brochures, promotion of law-abiding drivers, and conducting of explanatory work with youth will allow reducing the number of offenses on the roads of Ukraine. Because safe roads, this is primarily the conscious, but safe behavior of every participant in the traffic, regardless of age, sex or property status. Already the first work on the part of state authorities is the approval of the government program “Strategy for Enhancing the Level of Road Safety in Ukraine until 2020″, which was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Resolution No. 481-r of June 14, 2017. The return of the Tricam radar from October 16, 2018, to fix violations of the high-speed regime will improve the control over compliance with traffic rules, which will result from increased security and a reduction in the number of administrative offenses on the roads of Ukraine. The most effective measure aimed at ensuring road safety is the creation of a Safe City project in cities of Ukraine, which is to introduce video surveillance systems to enhance the safety of road users, control the operation of public utilities, and manage city traffic. Already in some cities, electronic surveillance systems are in place that recognizes the driver’s face and vehicle numbers. Cooperation with operational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Security Service, and Ministry of Emergencies has been established. Keywords: safety, road traffic, transport, traffic accident, European experience, speed recorders, automated control systems, analytical and legal support.