Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accidents nucléaires – Modèles mathématiques'
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Beloeil, Laurent. "Etude d'un accident de criticité mettant en présence des crayons combustibles et de l'eau hors réacteur de puissance." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11017.
Full textRobbe, Marie-France. "Modélisation en dynamique rapide d'accidents dans le circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0929.
Full textZabiégo, Magali. "Rayonnement d'un bain de corium dans un milieu chargé en aérosols issus de l'interaction corium/béton." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11002.
Full textDenier, Caroline. "Détermination et modélisation de propriétés thermophysiques du corium pour des applications accidents graves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2023ORLE1073_va.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the determination and modelling thermophysical properties (density, viscosity and surface tension) of corium mix U-Zr-Fe-O representative of severe accident conditions inside the nuclear reactor vessel, at temperatures above 2000 °C. For such needs, two complementary experimental devices are used: aerodynamic levitation (at CEMHTI, CNRS Orléans) and maximum bubble pressure (at CEA Cadarache). Original measurement of those thermophysical properties are obtained on several in-vessel corium compositions (U-Zr-O) with various degree of zirconium oxidation, and separately on its components (Fe and Zr-O system). The uncertainties, both on measurement of the properties themselves and on temperature are assessed. Following the tests, sample compositions are analysed by SEM-EDS, thereby increasing the reliability of the measured data. In addition, a thermodynamic approach to surface tension modelling has been initiated and its feasibility demonstrated
Rubiolo, Pablo. "Modélisation du transfert thermique dans un milieu poreux : application aux réacteurs nucléaires en situation accidentelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11055.
Full textDelicat, Yathis Giovanni. "Etude de la réactivité de l’iode transporté dans un mélange H2/H2O en conditions de combustion dans des flammes basse pression pré-mélangées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10049.
Full textTo assess kinetics aspects of iodine chemistry in an environment of a severe accident in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), at the laboratory scale, an experimental reactor named “flat flame burner” has been implemented. Low pressure flames of H2/O2/Ar premixed gas seeded with known amounts of iodhydric acid and steam were studied. The quantification of chemical species (HI, H2O, OH) in such environment was obtained by specific analytical techniques (Fourier Transform InfraRed absorption spectrometry, FTIR and Laser Induced Fluorescence, LIF), the evolution of the temperature was determined by LIF and by thermocouple measurements. Further assays were performed in a flow reactor in which gaseous molecular iodine was injected and transported in a stream or hydrogen flow and a strong temperature gradient, representative of the primary circuit in the case of a severe accident. The resulting gaseous species (I2 and HI) were quantified by ICP-MS and UV-Visible spectrometry. This experimental database has been used as a support to develop a detailed kinetic mechanism for the {I, O, H} system. It is composed of 37 reversible reactions involving 5 iodinated species. The thermokinetic parameter database has been actualized by using theoretical chemistry tools and also completed with data found in the literature. Modelling was performed by using the PREMIX code for flame assays, and with the in IRSN’s severe accident simulation code ASTEC/SOPHAREOS code for flow reactor assays. The comparison between experiment and modelling shows that this detailed mechanism is able to reproduce the iodine chemistry in conditions representative of a PWR severe accident
Bouloré, Antoine. "Etude et modélisation de la densification en pile des oxydes nucléaires UO2 et MOX." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG4203.
Full textAmongst the many phenomena which take place in the course of the irradiation of UO2 or (U, Pu)O2 nuclear fuels, one of them involves the elimination of a fraction of the as-fabricated porosity. In-pile densification or sintering can reach 2. 5%, i. E. Approximately half the initial volume of pores is likely to disappear. Our literature survey indicates that the amplitude and kinetics of the phenomenon are both heavily dependent on the initial fuel microstructure. Micro-structural characterisation techniques of oxide fuels have therefore been developed in conjunction with quantitative image analysis methods. The ensuing methodology enables a quantitative comparison of micro-structural features in different fuels and has been applied to ascertaining the influence of the local fission rate and temperature on in-pile densification. It is thus revealed that in-pile operation eliminates a significant fraction of pores smaller than 3 microns in diameter. The experimental data generated has been used to set up a semi-empirical and a mechanistic model. The former is based on experimental results and is not essentially predictive. The inability of this model to predict the in-pile densification of oxide fuels is illustrated by the fact that the maximum fraction of pores that disappears is proportional to an empirical function of fission rate, and temperature. The proportionality factor appears to be difficult to correlate quantitatively to any given micro-structural feature. The model has however been applied to the interpretation of an in-pile densification experiment carried out in the Halden reactor (Norway). The latter model is mechanistic, i. E. It is based on the solution to a set of equations that describe the coupled temperature and radiation induced phenomena which occur in-pile. These can broadly be broken down into three categories : the fission fragment-pore interaction, the creation of point defects as the fission fragments slow down, and the diffusion of these point defects to sinks. The model calculates the evolution of the pore size distribution and has successfully been applied to modelling the in-pile densification behaviour of a fuel pellet characterised before and after irradiation
Blanc, Hervé-Valéry. "Détection des collisions dans le cadre de la planification 3D du remplacement d'un générateur de vapeur." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30086.
Full textViot, Louis. "Couplage et synchronisation de modèles dans un code scénario d’accidents graves dans les réacteurs nucléaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN033/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on solving coupled problems of models of interest for the simulation of severe accidents in nuclear reactors~: these coarse-grained models allow for fast calculations for statistical analysis used for risk assessment and solutions of large problems when considering the whole severe accident scenario. However, this modeling approach has several numerical flaws. Besides, in this industrial context, computational efficiency is of great importance leading to various numerical constraints. The objective of this research is to analyze the applicability of explicit coupling strategies to solve such coupled problems and to design implicit coupling schemes allowing stable and accurate computations. The proposed schemes are theoretically analyzed and tested within CEA's procor{} platform on a problem of heat conduction solved with coupled lumped parameter models and coupled 1D models. Numerical results are discussed and allow us to emphasize the benefits of using the designed coupling schemes instead of the usual explicit coupling schemes
Castonguay, Ève-Marie. "Modélisation de la survie relative : application aux accidents vasculaires cérébraux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22275/22275.pdf.
Full textSarrot-Reynauld, Françoise. "Influence de la comorbidité sur le pronostic des accidents vasculaires cérébraux : de l'intuition à la modélisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19011.
Full textJaskulski, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à la définition d'outils d'aide à la modélisation : application au choc latéral de véhicule automobiles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0673.
Full textChoukri, Karim. "Un formalisme pour les tests statistiques de conformité de modèles pour des séries chronologiques : application à la détection de changements de modèles." Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications(Paris), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENST0027.
Full textOudinet, Ghislain. "Analyse d'images et modélisation 2D/3D de la microstructure du combustible MOX." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4011.
Full textThe microstructure of the MOX fuel, made with UO2 and PuO2, determines his " in pile " behavior. The french companies CEA and COGEMA are highly interested in its description by image analysis, which is the object of the present work. The segmentation algorithms described here use pictures issued from a microprobe and a SEM, to analyse the plutonium and porosity distribution in the fuel pellets. They are innovating, automated and robust enough to be used with a small data set. They have been successfully tested on different fuels, before and after irradation. Three-dimensional informations have been computed with a genetic algorithm. The obtained 3D object size distributions allowed the modeling of many different industrial and research fuels. 3D reconstruction is accurate and stable, and provides a basis for different studies among which the study of the MOX fuel " in pile " behavior
Sigrist, Jean-François. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'un problème couplé fluide/structure non linéaire : application au dimensionnement de structures nucléaires de propulsion navale." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2088.
Full textThierry, François. "Altération des verres nucléaires de type "R7T7" : démarche statistique, validation expérimentale, modèle local d'évolution." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20011.
Full textLuche, Jöelle. "Le Terme source hydrogène en cuve, lors d'un scénario accidentel d'un réacteur à eau sous pression. Contribution à l'évaluation de l'outil de calcul MAAP4." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11051.
Full textGuillon, Damien. "Étude des mécanismes d'absorption d'énergie lors de l'écrasement progressif de structures composites à base de fibre de carbone." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0011.
Full textTecher, Isabelle. "Apports des analogues naturels vitreux à la validation des codes de prédiction du comportement à long terme des verres nucléaires." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20101.
Full textChevrier, Raphaël. "Moment quadripolaire de l’état isomère 7/2-1 du 43S : Etude modèle en couches des isotopes de soufre autour de N=28." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2014.
Full textThe goal of this work consists in providing new insights in the shape coexistence expected in neutron-rich nuclei around the N=28 shell closure. In 43S, recent experimental data as well as their interpretation in the shell model framework were used to predict the coexistence between a Jπ=3/2-1 prolate deformed ground state and a 7/2-1 rather spherical isomer state. We report on the quadrupole moment measurement Qs of the 7/2-1 isomer state [E*=320. 5(5) keV, T1/2=415(3) ns] in 43S. The TDPAD method was applied on 43S nuclei produced by the fragmentation of a 48Ca primary beam at 345 A. MeV, and selected in-flight through the BigRIPS spectrometer at RIKEN (Japan). The measured value, |Qs|=23(3) efm2, is in remarkable agreement with that calculated in the shell model framework, although it is significantly larger than that expected for a single-particle state. In order to understand the nature of the correlations responsible for the departure of the isomer state from a pure spherical shape, we report on the results of a shell model study using the modern SDPF-U interaction of the neighbors sulfur isotopes 42,44,46S. Those calculations allowed to identify a slight triaxial degree of freedom in the structure of these nuclei, although the latter happens to be highly hindered at N=28 in 44S. Spectroscopic factor calculations show that this slight triaxial degree of freedom also impacts the low-lying structure in 43S. It allows to better understand the deviation of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment value of the isomer state from the limit case of a pure spherical state
Helfer, Thomas. "Etude de l'impact de la fissuration des combustibles nucléaires oxyde sur le comportement normal et incidentel des crayons combustible." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/thelfer.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims to model the cracking of pressurised water reactor fuel pellets and its consequences on the mechanical behaviour of the fuel rod. Fuel cracking has two main consequences. It relieves the stress in the pellet, upon which the majority of the mechanical and physico-chemical phenomena are dependent. It also leads to pellet fragmentation. Taking fuel cracking into account is therefore necessary to adequately predict the mechanical loading of the cladding during the course of an irradiation. The local approach to fracture was chosen to describe fuel pellet cracking. Practical considerations brought us to favour a quasi-static description of fuel cracking by means of a local damage models. These models describe the appearance of cracks by a local loss of rigidity of the material. Such a description leads to numerical difficulties, such as mesh dependency of the results and abrupt changes in the equilibrium state of the mechanical structure during unstable crack propagations. A particular attention was paid to these difficulties because they condition the use of such models in engineering studies. This work was performed within the framework of the ALCYONE fuel performance package developed at CEA/DEC/SESC which relies on the PLEIADES software platform. ALCYONE provides users with various approaches for modelling nuclear fuel behaviour, which differ in terms ofthe type geometry considered for the fuel rod. A specific model was developed and implemented to describe fuel cracking for each of these approaches. The 2D axi-symmetric fuel rod model is the most innovative and was particularly studied. We show that it is able to assess, thanks to an appropriate description of fuel cracking, the main geometrical changes of the fuel rod occurring under normal and off-normal operating conditions
Hermitte, Bruna. "Etude et modélisation du RIM dans le combustible des crayons REP." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11075.
Full textFidelak, Jérémy. "Etude théorique de l'équilibre conformationnel du PPAR-γ." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13233.
Full textThe work done during the thesis focused on the study of molecular mechanisms of recognition and conformational changes induced by the ligand binding in the ligand binding pocket of nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma by numerical simulations. Structural organization and operation of nuclear receptors super-family are presented in the introduction part. We thus describe the methods that have been used for our calculations. We did molecular mechanics calculations, pKa calculations and interaction free energy calculations. Then we decribe the study of PPAR-gamma dynamic and ligand binding effect by normal modes and molecular dynamic simulations. A thermodynamical study has been carried out by a protocol called MM-PBSA (Molecular Mechanics, Poisson-Boltzmann, Surface Area) to identify residues with large contributions to free energy of binding. The calculated free energy of binding is decomposed into physical contributions (van der Waals, electrostatic and non polar). Calculations of these contributions for each residue in the ligand-receptor complex and coactivator-receptor complex bring us informations on these interactions and could help for example to new ligands design. The last part presents the first results concerning the study of PPAR/RXR dimer. This work permits as a whole a better comprehension of molecular mechanism of signalling by PPAR
Portier, Stéphane. "Modélisation du comportement des gaz de fission en régime transitoire dans le combustible à plaques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0938.
Full textMarch, Philippe (1970. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l'environnement thermohydraulique et chimique des gaines de combustible des réacteurs à eau sous pression en présence d'ébullition." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11068.
Full textRoche, Stéphane. "Modélisation simplifiée de l'écoulement radial d'un mélange de matériaux fondus à travers des crayons combustibles dans un coeur REP." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11058.
Full textMao, Lili. "Contribution à la résolution de l'équation de Boltzmann en multigroupe par les méthodes déterministes et Monte Carlo." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11026.
Full textBoissonnet, Guillaume. "Etude de l'écoulement d'une mousse aqueuse de décontamination. Mécanismes de drainage et comportement hydrodynamique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20133.
Full textDejarnac, Renaud. "Etude du plasma de bord du tokamak Tore Supra en vue de l'optimisation du pompage des particules et de l'injection supersonique de matière." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11055.
Full textRichebois, Edwige. "Calculs de coeur REP en transport 3D." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11039.
Full textDe, Sio Stéphanie. "Modélisation de l'extraction de Pu(IV) et spéciation de HNO3 dans le traitement du combustible irradié." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20068.
Full textThe PUREX process is a solvent extraction method dedicated to the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel in order to recover pure uranium and plutonium from aqueous solutions of concentrated nitric acid. The tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) is used as the extractant in the organic phase. The aim of this thesis work was to improve the modeling of liquid-liquid extraction media in nuclear fuel reprocessing. First, Raman and 14N NMR measurements, coupled with theoretical calculations based on simple solutions theory and BIMSA modeling, were performed in order to get a better understanding of nitric acid dissociation in binary and ternary solutions. Then, Pu(IV) speciation in TBP after extraction from low nitric acid concentrations was investigated by EXAFS and vis-NIR spectroscopies. We were able to show evidence of the extraction of Pu(IV) hydrolyzed species into the organic phase. A new structural study was conducted on An(VI)/TBP and An(IV)/TBP complexes by coupling EXAFS measurements with DFT calculations. Finally, extraction isotherms modeling was performed on the Pu(IV)/HNO3/H2O/TBP 30%/dodecane system (with Pu at tracer scale) by taking into account deviation from ideal behaviour in both organic and aqueous phases. The best modeling was obtained when considering three plutonium (IV) complexes in the organic phase: Pu(OH)2(NO3)2(TBP)2 , Pu(NO3)4(TBP)2 and Pu(NO3)4(TBP)3
Julien, Jérôme. "Modélisation multi-échelles du couplage physico-chimie mécanique du comportement du combustible à haute température des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11077.pdf.
Full textIn the Pellet-Cladding Interaction (PCI) problems of a fuel rod, it is necessary to adopt a good description of the thermomecanical behaviour of the fuel. When the fuel is subject to fluctuations in power, one of the main strains is due to the phenomenon of gaseous swelling induced by irradiation. Indeed, fuel is a porous ceramic of U02 containing several types of cavities and the accumulation of fission products in gaseous form in these cavities causes swelling of the pellet. However, this gaseous swelling has an influence on the mechanical behaviour of the pellet and particularly the viscoplastic behaviour. To improve the description of this behavior, it was necessary to develop a micromechanical model capable of coupling two phenomena modelled independently : the transfer of gas between the various cavities and the estimation of mechanical viscoplastic strains of the fuel. This thesis is to link these two disciplines from the cavities present in the fuel: mechanics calculates changes in the volume fraction of cavities according to their pressure and physical reflects the evolution of the volume fraction of cavities to calculate an internally consistent pressure. In order to describe a microstructure much richer, a new micromechanics model was developed using a multi-scale to describe the viscoplastic behavior of nuclear fuel
Bertin, Bruno. "Système d'acquisition et de traitement des signaux pour la surveillance et le diagnostic de système complexe." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI241.
Full textRault-Doumax, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'aide à la gestion de crise en cas de rejet accidentel dans un canal : application aux produits miscibles dans l'eau." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11037.
Full textThe accidents of hazardous goods transportations occur each year. Fortunately, most of them, do not cause victims but they often pollute environment. When an accident happens, the efforts rest essentially on Fire brigade assisted by competent authorities. So SIGAPOL was born: Geographic Information System applied to the accidental pollutions of streams. This system is a platform which integrates new technologies with the aim to support decision in case of accidental pollution of streams intended for the main actor of the crisis: the Fire brigade. The SIGAPOL is based on a Geographical Information System composed of data bases and computer calculation to assess pollution. This simulation module is the most important work of this PhD. It consists of powerful modellings resulting from the literature scientific and checked by experimental studies carried out in open-channel in laboratory and real site
Bourdet, Nicolas. "Biomécanique de la colonne cervicale humaine in vivo : Caractérisation modale et modélisation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13214.
Full textFauque, de Maistre Jules. "Modèle d’ordre réduit en mécanique du contact. Application à la simulation du comportement des combustibles nucléaires." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM073/document.
Full textThe model order reduction of mechanical problems involving contact remains an important issue in computational solid mechanics.An extension of the hyper-reduction method based on a reduced integration domain to frictionless contact problems written by a mixed formulation is proposed.As the potential contact zone is naturally reduced through the reduced domain, the dual reduced basis is chosen as the restriction of the dual full-order model basis.A hybrid hyper-reduced model combining empirical modes for primal variables with finite element approximation for dual variables is then obtained.If necessary, the inf-sup condition of this hybrid saddle point problem can be enforced by extending the hybrid approximation to the primal variables. This leads to a hybrid hyper-reduced/full-order model strategy. By this way, a better approximation on the potential contact zone is furthermore obtained.A post-treatment dedicated to the reconstruction of the contact forces on the whole domain is introduced.In order to optimize the snapshots selection, an efficient error indicator is coupled to a greedy sampling algorithm leading to a robust reduced-order model
Zille, Valérie. "Modélisation et évaluation des stratégies de maintenance complexes sur des systèmes multi-composants." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0005.
Full textMaintenance strategies based on RCM method are difficult to assess, due to some methodological difficulties whose resolution is the scientific scope of this PhD Thesis: - the systems considered are composed of numerous dependent components with different degradation and failure phenomena, - maintenance strategies are complex, based on different tasks and without a simple structure. The objective of this PhD Thesis is to propose a method to quantify maintained systems performances. We propose a modelling framework which takes into account all the phenomena that describe multi-component system behaviour and complex maintenance strategy impact. A two-level structure allows a detailed description of components degradation/failure behaviour, all the possible maintenance tasks realisation and the consequences on the system. A global cost criteria based on system unavailability and maintenance costs renders possible to compare different strategies. The approach is implemented by using Petri nets and Monte Carlo simulation. The method is validated through its application on two systems from EDF nuclear power plants: - system AGR study presents the possible utilisations and the results obtained, - system TPA study illustrates the application on a real system and helps to define some further developments on data integration
Le, Duy Tu Duong. "Traitement des incertitudes dans les applications des études probabilistes de sûreté nucléaire." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0022.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose an approach to model parameter and model uncertain-ties affecting the results of risk indicators used in the applications of nuclear Probabilistic Risk assessment (PRA). After studying the limitations of the traditional probabilistic approach to represent uncertainty in PRA model, a new approach based on the Dempster-Shafer theory has been proposed. The uncertainty analysis process of the pro-posed approach consists in five main steps. The first step aims to model input parameter uncertainties by belief and plausibility functions ac-cording to the data PRA model. The second step involves the propagation of parameter uncertainties through the risk model to lay out the uncertainties associated with output risk indicators. The model uncertainty is then taken into account in the third step by considering possible alternative risk models. The fourth step is intended firstly to provide decision makers with information needed for decision making under uncertainty (parametric and model) and secondly to identify the input parameters that have significant uncertainty contributions on the result. The final step allows the process to be continued in loop by studying the updating of beliefs functions given new data. The pro-posed methodology was implemented on a real but simplified application of PRA model
Asali, Mehdi. "Modélisation et prévision du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique d’une paroi en béton : application au cas des enceintes de confinement des bâtiments réacteurs nucléaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10143/document.
Full textThe containment building represents the third and last protection barrier of nuclear reactors buildings (NRB). Yet ageing mechanisms of prestressed concrete could strongly affect the tightness capacity of the inner containment of a double-wall reactor building over time. That is a major issue considering the long term operation and the possible life extension of NRB while ensuring safety and regulatory requirements. Considering the size of such structures and the complexity of all interacting phenomena, it is very difficult to build an industrial and operational tool modeling all the strong couplings occurring at different scales. In that context, this Ph.D. thesis introduces a numerical strategy aiming at forecasting the leakage rate evolution of inner containments during operation. It is based on an adapted macro-element mesh, on a simple but physically representative chained weakly-coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling and on a 3D finite element specially designed for computing air leakage through unsaturated porous and cracked concrete. The proposed strategy has been applied to the scale 1:3 VeRCoRs mock-up: results are validated with available experimental data until the first internal pressurization test before being extended until the third one.The proposed strategy enables operators to:- Take into account variabilities and uncertainties of main parameters to quantify their impact on the total leak rate;- Numerically introduce defects coming from visual inspections;- Pre-empt and optimize leak mitigation actions to avoid outage extensions and associated losses of income
Geiger, Ernesto. "Study of Fission Products (Cs, Ba, Mo, Ru) behaviour in irradiated and simulated Nuclear Fuels during Severe Accidents using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, SIMS and EPMA." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS064/document.
Full textThe identification of Fission Products (FP) release mechanism from irradiated nuclear fuels during a severe accident is of main importance for the development of codes for the estimation of the source-term (nature and quantity of radionuclides released into the environment). Among the many FP Ba, Cs, Mo and Ru present a particular interest, since they may interact with each other or other elements and thus affect their release. In the framework of this thesis, two work axes have been set up in order to identify, firstly, the chemical phases initially present before the accident and, secondly, their evolution during the accident itself. The experimental approach consisted in reproducing nuclear severe accidents conditions at laboratory scale using both irradiated fuels and model materials (natural UO₂ doped with 12 FP). The advantage of these latter is the possibility of using characterization methods such as X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy which are not available for irradiated fuels. Three irradiated fuel samples have been studied, representative to an initial state (before the accident), to an intermediate stage (1773K) and to an advanced stage (2873K) of a nuclear severe accident. Regarding to model materials, many accident sequences have been carried out, from 573 to 1973K. Experimental results have allowed to establish a new release mechanism, considering both reducing and oxidizing conditions during an accident. These results have also demonstrated the importance of model materials as a complement to irradiated nuclear fuels in the study of nuclear severe accidents
Lechner, Daniel. "Analyse du comportement dynamique des véhicules routiers légers : développement d'une méthodologie appliquée à la sécurité primaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1892_dlechner.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show how the knowledge of road vehicle dynamics can contribute to improve the primary safety level for the driver-vehicle-road system. After a presentation of the modeling tools used, mainly the multibody system modeling software MORGAN'S, taking advantage of the Lie Group formalism, the first part of the thesis deals with the development of different dynamic models for passenger cars. Their validity area is than determined by comparing simulation results with data collected on an instrumented car, driven by a professional driver on test tracks on a large panel of manoeuvers. This work clearly put in evidence, and mainly for application to accident analysis, the interest of simple models, with only 3 degrees of freedom for the car body, but for which many care is taken for their parameterization. In the second part of the thesis, the model with the best compromise between parameter simplicity, operating easiness and validity, is developed in order to emulate the intervention of stability control systems : models including 4WS and yaw moment control by differential braking are created. The potential of such devices to enable a significant improvement of primary safety appears really promising. In parallel, a specific model has been developed to be embedded on an instrumented car to run jointly with the acquisition device. The information coming from sensors is combined with the one coming from the model to build what has been called the "real time active safety diagnosis", showing different operating points characterizing the driver-vehicle system behaviour. This device could be further developed to identify objective criteria for the activation of stability control systems. In addition to the different vehicle dynamic models created, the final product of this thesis is thus a demonstrator of this innovating concept of active safety diagnosis, taking advantage of an embedded model
Munsch, Marie. "Élaboration d’une méthodologie de reconstruction numérique d’accidents réels piéton." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/MUNSCH_Marie_2011.pdf.
Full textPedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users and alone account for 13% of killed in road accidents in France. For several years, to improve pedestrian safety, the first step was to understand the relationship between vehicle design and mechanisms of pedestrian injuries. Mathematical multibody models of pedestrians and vehicles have been developed to simulate the kinematics of the victim during impact with the vehicle. These are the modeling efforts that should lead to the definition of the initial conditions of the head at impact for the simulation of head injury using a finite element modeling. In this context, the objective is to develop a methodology for the reconstruction of real pedestrian accident to determine its kinematics and to simulate the head injury. This last step will ultimately extract head injury criteria more accurate than the criteria currently used. It is thus necessary to define mathematical models of vehicle and pedestrian. An evaluation of different models of multibody neck models and head boundary conditions was performed using a multi-modal analysis. Then the thesis will be on developing an automated method of reconstruction of the pedestrian kinematics with multibody modeling. An application of the developed tool is performed on a database of 8 real accidents of pedestrian vs. Vehicle
Bara, Aude. "Contribution à l'étude de l'efficacité des rideaux d'eau face à une fuite d'ammoniac." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11051.
Full textCarnevali, Sofia. "Unsteady aspects of sodium-water reaction : water cleaning of sodium containing equipments." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2034.
Full textSodium fast Reactor (FSR) is one of the most promising nuclear reactor concepts in the frame of Generation IV systems to be commercialised in the next decades. One important safety issue about this technology is the highly exothermal chemical reaction of sodium when brought in contact with liquid water. This situation is likely, in particular during decommissioning, when sodium needs to be firstly converted (‘destroyed’) into non reactive species. This is achieved by water washing : the major products are then gaseous hydrogen and corrosive soda. Today, such operations are performed in confined chambers to mitigate the consequences of any possible abnormal conditions. It has for long been believed that the main safety problem was the combustion of hydrogen in the surrounding air despite some pioneering works suggested that even without air the reaction could be explosive. It is extremely important to clarify the phenomenology of sodium-water interactions since available knowledge does not allow a robust extrapolation of existing data/model to full scale plants. The primary objective of this work is to identify and assess the details of the phenomenology, especially at the sodium/water interface, to isolate the leading mechanisms and to propose a robust and innovative modelling approach. A large body of yet unreleased experimental data extracted from the files of the French Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) was collated and analysed on the basis of “explosion” physics. Some additional experiments were also performed to fill some gaps, especially about the kinetics of the reaction. The results strongly suggest that the fast expansion of gas producing a blast wave in certain conditions is a kind of vapour explosion. It also appears that any potential hydrogen-air explosion should be strongly mitigated by the large quantity of water vapour emanating also from the reaction zone. The limitations of existing modelling approaches are clearly identified and alternatives are proposed and offer a better perspective of extrapolation to full scale installations
Geraldo, Issa Cherif. "On the consistency of some constrained maximum likelihood estimator used in crash data modelling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10184/document.
Full textMost of the statistical methods used in data modeling require the search for local optimal solutions but also the estimation of standard errors linked to these solutions. These methods consist in maximizing by successive approximations the likelihood function or its approximation. Generally, one uses numerical methods adapted from the Newton-Raphson method or Fisher’s scoring. Because they require matrix inversions, these methods can be complex to implement numerically in large dimensions or when involved matrices are not invertible. To overcome these difficulties, iterative procedures requiring no matrix inversion such as MM (Minorization-Maximization) algorithms have been proposed and are considered to be efficient for problems in large dimensions and some multivariate discrete distributions. Among the new approaches proposed for data modeling in road safety, is an algorithm called iterative cyclic algorithm (CA). This thesis has two main objectives: (a) the first is to study the convergence properties of the cyclic algorithm from both numerical and stochastic viewpoints and (b) the second is to generalize the CA to more general models integrating discrete multivariate distributions and compare the performance of the generalized CA to those of its competitors
Gong, Helin. "Data assimilation with reduced basis and noisy measurement : Applications to nuclear reactor cores." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS189.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is to improve the physical and numerical interpretation of the information involved in data assimilation with modern and efficient model reduction strategies for systems held by PDEs. Specifically, the focus on the data assimilation task is related with the state estimation for stationary problems, especially neutronic state estimation in nuclear reactor applications. In the first part of the thesis, we analyze and adapt the generalized empirical interpolation method (GEIM) and the parametrized-background data-weak (PBDW) approach to the state estimation problem. We formulate the stability analysis for GEIM/PBDW. Then we propose the so-called constrained stabilized GEIM/PBDW (CS-GEIM/CS-PBDW) approaches to improve the stability performance with respect to noisy measurements. A closed form so-called regularized GEIM/PBDW (R-GEIM/R-PBDW) are also proposed to improve the computational efficiency. In the second part we apply the developed techniques to real case problems provided by the industrial partner EDF, namely, i) sensor placement in a nuclear reactor core and ii) neutronic field reconstruction with noisy or noise-free measurements. Numerical tests confirm the feasibility of developed techniques to address the important and inevitable concern of noisy measurements in the field of data assimilation with reduced basis. In the third part we provide supplementary materials in i) dealing with measurement failures for data assimilation with reduced basis, particularly, EIM, as a practical issue; and ii) dealing with the adaptive sampling method to provide more potential for engineering problems with high-dimensional parameter space
Blanc-Tranchant, Patrick. "Elaboration et qualification des schémas de calcul de référence pour les absorbants dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11045.
Full textGasca, Petrica. "Zirconium – modélisation ab initio de la diffusion des défauts ponctuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10111/document.
Full textZirconium is the main element of the cladding found in pressurized water reactors, under an alloy form. Under irradiation, the cladding elongate significantly, phenomena attributed to the vacancy dislocation loops growth in the basal planes of the hexagonal compact structure. The understanding of the atomic scale mechanisms originating this process motivated this work. Using the ab initio atomic modeling technique we studied the structure and mobility of point defects in Zirconium. This led us to find four interstitial point defects with formation energies in an interval of 0.11 eV. The migration paths study allowed the discovery of activation energies, used as entry parameters for a kinetic Monte Carlo code. This code was developed for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the interstitial point defect. Our results suggest a migration parallel to the basal plane twice as fast as one parallel to the c direction, with an activation energy of 0.08 eV, independent of the direction. The vacancy diffusion coefficient, estimated with a two-jump model, is also anisotropic, with a faster process in the basal planes than perpendicular to them. Hydrogen influence on the vacancy dislocation loops nucleation was also studied, due to recent experimental observations of cladding growth acceleration in the presence of this element
Pomies, Catherine. "Traçage isotopique des migrations d'uranium dans l'environnement granitique de la minéralisation uranifère de Palmottu (sud-ouest Finlande)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20111.
Full textDroin, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation d’un transitoire de perte de débit primaire non protégé dans un RNR-Na." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI044/document.
Full textWithin the framework of the Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) R&D program of CEA (French Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), safety in case of severe accidents is assessed.Such transients are usually simulated with mechanistic codes (such as SAS-SFR and SIMMER III). As a complement to these codes, which give reference accidental transient calculations, a new physico-statistical approach is currently followed by the CEA; its final objective being to derive the variability of the main results of interest for safety. This approach involves a fast-running description of extended accident sequences coupling physical models for the main phenomena to advanced statistical analysis techniques. It enables to perform a large number of simulations in a reasonable computational time and to describe all the possible bifurcations of the accident transient.In this context, this PhD work presents the physical tool (models and results assessment) dedicated to the initiation and primary phases of an Unprotected Loss Of Flow accident (i.e. until the end of sub-assemblies degradation and before large molten pools formation). The accident phenomenology during these phases is described and illustrated by numerous experimental evidences.It is underlined that the features of the new heterogeneous core concept (called CFV of the French ASTRID prototype) leads to different kinds of ULOF transients than those occurring in the previous past homogeneous cores (SuperPhenix, Phenix...). Indeed, its negative void effect drops the nuclear power when sodium heats-up and possibly boils. This enables three types of ULOF transients characterized by various core final states; the first two types leading to final coolable core states in natural circulation flow (the first one in single phase, the second one in stabilized two-phase flow) whereas the core undergoes a flow excursion followed by sub-assemblies degradation in the last type. In this study, a particular attention is paid to stabilize boiling occurrence which leads to minimize severe accident consequences.The phenomena occurring during the various ULOF transients are modelled in accordance to the level of details required to catch all the possible bifurcations of the transient. The tool coupled different (2D, 1D and 0D) models of thermics, thermo-hydraulics, core degradation (material melting and motions) and neutronics. The assumptions associated to these models are highlighted, discussed and validated. The physical tool capability of simulating the various realistic ULOF transients (without boiling, with stabilized boiling or flow excursion after boiling) is demonstrated by comparisons to experimental results (GR19, SCARABEE experiments) and to mechanistic simulations (CATHARE2 and SIMMER III).Parametric studies are then carried out on two variables: the fuel burn-up and the model of neutronic feedbacks. They underline the important influence of these parameters on the transient and the final core state. Finally, a preliminary sensitivity analysis (2000 simulations) is performed on 26 uncertain parameters (linked to initial core configuration, accident features, model uncertainties and radial nodalization). The variability of the final core state is underlined and quantified; only around 25% of cases lead to core degradation. The main influent parameters on transient phenomena are also identified, enabling to prioritize core design and safety studies.In the future, this tool will be used for safety-informed design and stability analyses of fast reactor systems, allowing to emphasize the main dominant phenomena and trends of significance for safety assessment