Journal articles: 'Accidental falls'

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Chiara, Mussi, Galizia Gianluigi, Abete Pasquale, Morrione Alessandro, Maraviglia Alice, Noro Gabriele, Cavagnaro Paolo, et al. "Unexplained Falls Are Frequent in Patients with Fall-Related Injury Admitted to Orthopaedic Wards: The UFO Study (Unexplained Falls in Older Patients)." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/928603.

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To evaluate the incidence of unexplained falls in elderly patients affected by fall-related fractures admitted to orthopaedic wards, we recruited 246 consecutive patients older than 65 (mean age82±7years, range 65–101). Falls were defined “accidental” (fall explained by a definite accidental cause), “medical” (fall caused directly by a specific medical disease), “dementia-related” (fall in patients affected by moderate-severe dementia), and “unexplained” (nonaccidental falls, not related to a clear medical or drug-induced cause or with no apparent cause). According to the anamnestic features of the event, older patients had a lower tendency to remember the fall. Patients with accidental fall remember more often the event. Unexplained falls were frequent in both groups of age. Accidental falls were more frequent in younger patients, while dementia-related falls were more common in the older ones. Patients with unexplained falls showed a higher number of depressive symptoms. In a multivariate analysis a higher GDS and syncopal spells were independent predictors of unexplained falls. In conclusion, more than one third of all falls in patients hospitalized in orthopaedic wards were unexplained, particularly in patients with depressive symptoms and syncopal spells. The identification of fall causes must be evaluated in older patients with a fall-related injury.

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Nagata, Hisao. "Accidental Falls and Social Issues." Equilibrium Research 71, no. 2 (2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3757/jser.71.110.

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Nevins, A., and R. Tideiksaar. "Accidental Falls of Elderly People." Gerontologist 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.718a.

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Antes, Danielle Ledur, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, and Eleonora d'Orsi. "Mortality caused by accidental falls among the elderly: a time series analysis." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 18, no. 4 (December 2015): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14202.

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Introduction : The worldwide increase in the elderly population has highlighted the importance of accidental falls and their consequences.Objective: To perform time-trend analysis of the mortality rate from accidental falls in (1) the city of Florianópolis (2) the state of Santa Catarina and (3) Brazil. Method : A time-series study of data from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade ("the Mortality Information System") was performed. The variation in mortality caused by accidental falls was estimated using the joinpoint regression method, based on the International Disease Classification (ICD-10), chapter XX, codes W00 to W15 and W17 to W19, from 1997 to 2010. Results : It was observed that in the most recent periods (2005/2008; 2002/2008; 2003/2008), there was a significant increase in mortality rates related to accidental falls in all three regions, and that these rates increased with advancing age. Conclusion : Strategies to prevent accidental falls among the elderly should be aimed, mainly, at those who are 80 and over, the age in which accidental falls result in higher death rates.

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Gawrońska, Karolina, and Jacek Lorkowski. "Falls, Aging and Public Health – a Literature Review." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 22, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6044.

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Accidental falls in the elderly and their consequences are one of the leading causes of disability; they significantly reduce the quality of life and lead to loss of independence and impaired social functioning. This study presents selected issues regarding the causes of accidental falls and research tools for determining the risk of falls based on a review of the scientific literature available in English in the PubMed/ MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, PEDro databases and in Polish in the Polish Medical Bibliography and Polish Scientific Journals Database of 2015–2020, covering original papers, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The following keywords were used: public health, risk factors, accidental falls, fall-related injuries, elderly, geriatric assessment. A total of 65 publications were included in the analysis. We believe that the use of at least two different tools in the risk assessment should be encouraged in view of the complexity and multitude of the risk factors. An optimal approach to the problem assumes interdisciplinary collaboration of all medical staff in assessment, rehabilitation, as well as fall prevention strategies, which is the most economical method of treatment.

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Lungren, Matthew P., David Smith, James E. Carpenter, and Richard E. Hughes. "FALL-RELATED ROTATOR CUFF TEARS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 10, no. 02 (June 2006): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957706001728.

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Tears of the rotator cuff tendons may occur as a result of tendon degeneration or from a single traumatic event but commonly a combination of these factors are in play. Rotator cuff tendon degeneration and accidental falls are both known to increase in incidence with increasing age. No study to date has sought to investigate the characteristic of accidental falls as a significant cause of injury in the rotator cuff tear population. We developed a 25 multi-step item questionnaire to investigate the source of injury in sixty rotator cuff tear patients. The majority, 32/60 (53.3%), reported a fall associated with their rotator cuff tear. The tears nearly always occurred on the same side as the fall. Most falls resulting in cuff tears were to the side and front rather than backwards. Our findings highlight that falls are the leading cause of injury in the rotator cuff tear patient population and describe characteristics of the previously under-recognized fall-related rotator cuff tear population.

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Kingma, Johannes, and Henk-Jan Ten Duis. "Severity of Injuries Due to Accidental Fall across the Life Span: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (February 2000): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.62.

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This retrospective study investigated injuries due to accidental fall across the life span for which 19,593 patients were admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Groningen University Hospital during the period 1990 through 1997. 64% of the accidental falls were found for those in the age range between 10 years and 59 years; however, the proportion of accidental falls with regard to other causes of injuries by age group were the highest in youngsters (infants up to 9 years old) and in elderly persons (over 60 years old), 43% or more of these patients having falls with injuries. The clinically treated patients had on the average a statistically greater Injury Severity Score (7.2) than the outpatients (2.4). The highest percentages of medically treated inpatients were the patients of 60 years and over. Their mean ISS score was about the same for elderly inpatients, but the percentage of clinical treatment increased with age as well as the mortality. 30% of the injuries were found in the lower extremities and 30% in the upper extremities. Bone fracture was statistically significantly the major (36%) injury followed by contusion (20%). 34% of the accidental falls occurred at home, and statistically significantly more females, 50 years of age and older, were injured than males.

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DeVincenzo, Doris K., and Sylvia Watkins. "Accidental Falls in a Rehabilitation Setting." Rehabilitation Nursing 12, no. 5 (September 10, 1987): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1987.tb01010.x.

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Wang, Hongwei, Yuan Zhang, Qiang Xiang, Xuke Wang, Changqing Li, Hongyan Xiong, and Yue Zhou. "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal fractures: experience from medical university–affiliated hospitals in Chongqing, China, 2001–2010." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 5 (November 2012): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.spine111003.

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Object The main objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological data obtained from patients with traumatic spinal fracture at 2 university-affiliated hospitals in Chongqing, China. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of all patients who suffered traumatic spinal fracture and were treated at Xinqiao Hospital and Southwest Hospital (both affiliated with The Third Military Medical University) between January 2001 and December 2010. The demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients over this 10-year period were compared. Results A total of 3142 patients (mean age 45.7 years, range 1–92 years) with traumatic spinal fractures were identified; 65.5% of the patients were male. The peak frequency of these injuries occurred in the 31- to 40-year-old age group. Accidental falls and traffic accidents were the most common causes of spinal fractures (58.9% and 20.9%, respectively). Traffic accidents tended to occur in younger patients, whereas accidental falls tended to occur in older patients. The most common area of fracture was the thoracolumbar spine (54.9%). Cervical spinal fractures were significantly more common in patients injured in traffic accidents, while lumbar spinal fractures were more common in accidental fall patients. Using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, 479 (15.3%) patients were classified as having ASIA A injuries; 913 (29.1%), ASIA B, ASIA C, or ASIA D; and 1750 (55.7%), ASIA E. ASIA A injuries were more common in patients who suffered thoracic spinal fractures (15.09%) than in those with fractures in other areas of the spine. A total of 954 (30.4%) patients had associated nonspinal injuries. Of these patients, 389 (40.78%) suffered a thoracic injury, and 191 (20.02%) sustained a head and neck injury. The length of hospitalization differed significantly between the accidental falls from high heights and falls from low heights, as did the mean cost of hospitalization (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between accidental falls from high heights and traffic accidents (p > 0.05). The length of hospitalization differed significantly among the 3 groups according to the ASIA classification, as did the mean cost of hospitalization (p < 0.05). Of patients with incomplete lesions, 39.3% improved 1 or more grades in ASIA classification during hospitalization. Conclusions Accidental falls emerged as the leading cause of traumatic spinal fracture in this study, and the numbers of fall-induced and sports-related injuries increased steadily with age. These results indicate that there should be increased concern for the consequences of fall- and sports-related injuries among the elderly.

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Farragher, Janine, Tasleem Rajan, Ernest Chiu, Ozkan Ulutas, George Tomlinson, Wendy L. Cook, and Sarbjit V. Jassal. "Equivalent Fall Risk in Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 36, no. 1 (January 2016): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2014.00163.

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♦ BackgroundAccidental falls are common in the hemodialysis (HD) population. The high fall rate has been attributed to a combination of aging, kidney disease-related morbidity, and HD treatment-related hazards. We hypothesized that patients maintained on peritoneal dialysis (PD) would have fewer falls than those on chronic HD. The objective of this study was to compare the falls risk between cohorts of elderly patients maintained on HD and PD, using prospective data from a large academic dialysis facility.♦ MethodsPatients aged 65 years or over on chronic in-hospital HD and PD at the University Health Network were recruited. Patients were followed biweekly, and falls occurring within the first year recorded. Fall risk between the 2 groups was compared using both crude and adjusted Poisson lognormal random effects modeling.♦ResultsOut of 258 potential patients, 236 were recruited, assessed at baseline, and followed biweekly for falls. Of 74 PD patients, 40 (54%) experienced 86 falls while 76 out of 162 (47%) HD patients experienced a total of 305 falls (crude fall rate 1.25 vs 1.60 respectively, odds ratio [OR] falls in PD patients 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 – 0.92, p = 0.04). After adjustment for differences in comorbidity, number of medications, and other demographic differences, PD patients were no less likely to experience accidental falls than HD patients (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.88 – 3.04, p = 0.1).♦ ConclusionsWe conclude that accidental falls are equally common in the PD population and the HD population. These data argue against post-HD hypotension as the sole contributor to the high fall risk in the dialysis population.

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Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi, Makoto Kyougoku, and Tore Bonsaksen. "Japanese Community-Living Older Adults’ Perceptions and Solutions Regarding Their Physical Home Environments." Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318800697.

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This study examined perceived causes of accidental falls, the solutions implemented, and differences in scores on the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) based on experiences of accidental falls, implementation of solutions, and experiences of problems in participants’ current environments. Data were collected individually from Japanese community-living older adults. Of the 41 participants, 71% experienced accidental falls, 41.5% implemented solutions, and 39.0% experienced problems in their current environments. Some solutions were implemented, including both appropriate and inappropriate ones. The FES scores differed significantly based on experiences of problems in participants’ current environments, suggesting that a consultation-style intervention would contribute toward improved FES scores among clients experiencing problems in their current environments.

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Blackwood, Jennifer, and Kateri Rybicki. "Assessment of Gait Speed and Timed Up and Go Measures as Predictors of Falls in Older Breast Cancer Survivors." Integrative Cancer Therapies 20 (January 2021): 153473542110064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15347354211006462.

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Background: Older breast cancer survivors are at an increased risk of loss of postural balance and accidental falls, however, the ability of clinical mobility measures to predict falls has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic ability, sensitivity, and specificity to predict accidental falls in measures of gait speed and functional mobility in older breast cancer survivors. Methods: Thirty-four breast cancer survivors 65 years and older performed 3 measures of gait speed (GS) (usual, fast, dual-task) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) (TUG, TUG-Cognitive, TUG-Manual). Follow-up calls were made 3 months after testing to track falls. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) was below 0.5 for all GS measures, indicating poor predictive ability and all GS measures had low sensitivity and specificity to predict falls. All TUG measures had AUC values above 0.5. The cutoff score with the best sensitivity/specificity to predict falls was: TUG-Cognitive = 11.32 seconds, Sens = 0.64, Spec = 0.80; TUG-Manual = 9.84 seconds, Sens = 0.71, Spec = 0.65. Conclusion: When assessing fall risk in older breast cancer survivors, performance on the TUG and TUG-Cognitive are able to predict falls.

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Seo, Yeji, Kyunghee Kim, and Ji-Su Kim. "Trends of Nursing Research on Accidental Falls: A Topic Modeling Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083963.

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This descriptive study analyzed 1849 international and 212 Korean studies to explore the main topics of nursing research on accidental falls. We extracted only nouns from each abstract, and four topics were identified through topic modeling, which were divided into aspects of fall prevention and its consequences. “Fall prevention program and scale” is popular among studies on the validity of fall risk assessment tools and the development of exercise and education programs. “Nursing strategy for fall prevention” is common in studies on nurse education programs and practice guidelines to improve the quality of patient safety care. “Hospitalization by fall injury” is used in studies about delayed discharge, increased costs, and deaths of subjects with fall risk factors hospitalized at medical institutions due to fall-related injuries. “Long-term care facility falls” is popular in studies about interventions to prevent fall injuries that occur in conjunction with dementia in long-term care facilities. It is necessary to establish a system and policy for fall prevention in Korean medical institutions. This study confirms the trends in domestic and international fall-related research, suggesting the need for studies to address insufficient fall-related policies and systems and translational research to be applied in clinical trials.

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Casati, Alberto, Stefano Granieri, Stefania Cimbanassi, Elisa Reitano, and Osvaldo Chiara. "Falls from Height. Analysis of Predictors of Death in a Single-Center Retrospective Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103175.

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Falls from height (FFH) represent a distinct form of blunt trauma in urban areas. This study aimed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality after accidental or intentional falls in different age groups. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients consecutively admitted after a fall in eight years, recording mechanism, intentionality, height of fall, age, site, classification of injuries, and outcome. We built multivariate regression models to identify independent predictors of mortality. A total of 948 patients with 82 deaths were observed. Among the accidental falls, mortality was 5.2%, whereas intentional jumpers showed a mortality of 20.4%. The death rate was higher for increasing heights, age >65, suicidal attempts, and injuries with AIS ≥3 (Abbreviated Injury Scale). Older patients reported a higher in-hospital mortality rate. Multivariate analysis identified height of fall, dynamic and severe head and chest injuries as independent predictors of mortality in the young adults’ group (18–65 years). For patients aged more than 65 years, the only risk factor independently related to death was severe head injuries. Our data demonstrate that in people older than 65, the height of fall may not represent a predictor of death.

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Copeland, Arthur R. "Accidental Death due to Falls at Work." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 10, no. 1 (March 1989): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198903000-00005.

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Tendas, A., L. Cupelli, M. M. Trawinska, L. Lentini, M. Giovannini, L. Scaramucci, M. Palombi, et al. "Accidental falls in home care hematological patients." Supportive Care in Cancer 21, no. 8 (May 3, 2013): 2087–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-013-1828-1.

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Coll-Planas, Laura, Martina Kron, Silvia Sander, Ulrich Rißmann, Clemens Becker, and Thorsten Nikolaus. "Accidental falls among community-dwelling older adults." Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 39, no. 4 (August 2006): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00391-006-0396-0.

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Ong, Kevin L., Edmund Lau, Tara Moore, and Michelle F. Heller. "Accidental falls involving medical implant re-operation." Injury 40, no. 10 (October 2009): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2009.05.007.

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Mundell, Benjamin, Hilal Maradit Kremers, Sue Visscher, Kurtis Hoppe, and Kenton Kaufman. "Direct medical costs of accidental falls for adults with transfemoral amputations." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 6 (June 22, 2017): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617704804.

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Background: Active individuals with transfemoral amputations are provided a microprocessor-controlled knee with the belief that the prosthesis reduces their risk of falling. However, these prostheses are expensive and the cost-effectiveness is unknown with regard to falls in the transfemoral amputation population. The direct medical costs of falls in adults with transfemoral amputations need to be determined in order to assess the incremental costs and benefits of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees. Objective: We describe the direct medical costs of falls in adults with a transfemoral amputation. Study design: This is a retrospective, population-based, cohort study of adults who underwent transfemoral amputations between 2000 and 2014. Methods: A Bayesian structural time series approach was used to estimate cost differences between fallers and non-fallers. Results: The mean 6-month direct medical costs of falls for six hospitalized adults with transfemoral amputations was US$25,652 (US$10,468, US$38,872). The mean costs for the 10 adults admitted to the emergency department was US$18,091 (US$-7,820, US$57,368). Conclusion: Falls are expensive in adults with transfemoral amputations. The 6-month costs of falls resulting in hospitalization are similar to those reported in the elderly population who are also at an increased risk of falling. Clinical relevance Estimates of fall costs in adults with transfemoral amputations can provide policy makers with additional insight when determining whether or not to cover a prescription for microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees.

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Cardoso, Leticia Silveira, Letice Dalla Lana, Cynthia Fontella Sant’Anna, Josefine Busanello, Valdecir Zavarese da Costa, and Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz. "Acidentes por quedas: assistência profissional na estratégia saúde da família." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 10, no. 32 (December 15, 2020): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2020.10.32.194-204.

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O acidente por queda representa a terceira maior causa de morte no país, fomentando ações multiprofissionais de promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. O estudo objetivou conhecer a assistência dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família nos acidentes por quedas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo-analítico, transversal ao processo de trabalho de 72 profissionais vinculados a oito equipes de Saúde da Família de um município da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. As entrevistas foram gravadas, digitalizadas e organizadas em um banco de dados no formato de texto. Os dados foram processados no software IRAMUTEC e analisados pela classificação hierárquica descendente, análise de similitude e nuvem de palavras. Os resultados mostram que os profissionais realizam atendimento das vítimas de acidentes por quedas, de forma diferenciada na assistência e gerência, com ênfase na resolutividade, na pessoa idosa e na continuidade do cuidado na Rede de Atenção à Saúde.Descritores: Acidentes por Quedas, Estratégia Saúde da Família, Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente. Fall accidents: professional assistance in the family health strategyAbstract: Fall accidental represent the third leading cause of death in the country, promoting multiprofessional actions to promote, protect and recover health. The study aimed to know the assistance of professionals of the Family Healht Strategy in falls accidental. This is a exploratory, descripive-analytical study, transversal to the work process of 72 professionals linked to eight Family Health Teams in a municipality on the western dorder of Rio Grande do Sul. The interviews were recorded, digitized and organize in a data base in the IRAMUTEC software and analyzed by descending hierarchical classification, similarity analysis and word cloud. The results show that professionals perform care for victms the falls accidental, in a diferente way in care and managemente, with na emphasis on resolvability, the elderly and continuity of care in the Health Care Network.Descriptors: Accidental Falls, Family Health Strategy, Patient Care Team. Accidentes por caídas: asistencia profesional en la estrategia de salud familiarResumen: Los accidentes por caídas representan la tercera causa de muerte en el país, fomentando acciones multiprofesionales para promover, proteger y recuperar la salud. El estúdio tuvo como objetivo conocer la assistencia de profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar en accidentes por caídas. Este es um estúdio exploratório, descripptivo-analítico, transversal al proceso de trabajo de 72 profesionales vinculados a ocho equipos de salud familiar de um município en la frontera oeste del Rio Grande do Sul. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, digitalizadas y organizadas en un base de datos em formato de texto. Los datos se procesaron en el software IRAMUTEC y se analizaron mediante clasificación jerárquica descendente, análisis de similitude y nuble de palavras. Los resultados muestran que los profesionales brindan atención a las víctimas de accidentes debido a caídas, de uma manera diferene en la atención y el manejo, com énfasis en la resolubilidad, los ancianos y la continuidad de la atención en la Red de Atención Médica.Descriptores: Accidentes por Caídas, Estrategia de Salud Familiar, Grupo de Atención al Paciente.

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Fronczek, Judith, and Roger W. Byard. "Accidental adult deaths involving ladders: A forensic perspective." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419879269.

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A retrospective study was undertaken of autopsy cases at the Forensic Science South Australia state mortuary over a 20-year period from January 1999 to December 2018 for all cases aged ≥18 years where a ladder was mentioned in the death scene description and/or police reports. Twelve cases were identified, all of whom were male, with an average age of 56 years (range 21–83 years). The most frequent cause of death was a fall from a ladder ( n = 8; 66%), followed by electrocution ( n = 4; 33%). The falls were associated with deaths from blunt injuries, impalement and laceration. The age range of those who fell was 47–83 years (average 66 years). The three of the four deaths associated with electrocutions involved contact with power lines or live electrical wires; the remaining case involved a sharp metal ladder base cutting through a live power lead. The age range of those who were electrocuted was 21–43 years (average 35 years) – significantly younger than those who had died from falls ( p < 0.05). The increase in mean age of the population with increasing popularity of home maintenance activities may result in more cases of lethal falls involving ladders presenting for forensic assessment.

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Senterre, Christelle, Alain Levêque, Lionel Di Pierdomenico, Michèle Dramaix-Wilmet, and Magali Pirson. "Epidemiology of Injuries in Belgium: Contribution of Hospital Data for Surveillance." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237486.

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Objectives. Investigating injuries in terms of occurrences and patient and hospital stay characteristics.Methods. 17370 stays, with at least one E code, were investigated based on data from 13 Belgian hospitals. Pearson’s chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess the variations between distributions of the investigated factors according to the injury’s types.Results. Major injuries were accidental falls, transport injuries, and self-inflicted injuries. There were more men in the transport injuries group and the accidental falls group was older. For the transport injuries, there were more arrivals with the support of a mobile intensive care unit and/or a paramedic intervention team and a general practitioner was more implicated for the accidental falls. In three-quarters of cases, it was a primary diagnostic related to injury and poisoning which was made. The median length of stay was nearly equal to one week and for accidental falls, this value is three times higher. The median cost, from the social security point of view, for all injuries was equal to €1377 and there was a higher median cost within the falls group.Conclusion. This study based on hospitals data provides important information both on factors associated with and on hospital costs generated by injuries.

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AlSahlawi, Aysha, Gillian Morantz, Caroline Lacroix, Christine Saint-Martin, and Roy W. R. Dudley. "Bilateral Parietal Skull Fractures in Infants Attributable to Accidental Falls." Pediatric Neurosurgery 56, no. 5 (2021): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516972.

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Introduction: Multiple skull fractures, including bilateral parietal skull fractures (BPSFs) in infants are considered to be suspicious for abusive head trauma (AHT). The aim of this report is to describe a series of BPSF cases in infants which occurred due to accidental falls. Methods: We searched our neuroradiology database for BPSF in infants (<1 year old) diagnosed between 2006 and 2019; we reviewed initial presentation, mechanisms of injury, clinical course, head imaging, skeletal survey X-rays, ophthalmology, social work and child abuse physicians (CAP) assessments, and long-term follow-up. “Confirmed accidental BPSF” were strictly defined as having negative skeletal survey and ophthalmology evaluation and a CAP conclusion of accidental injury. Results: Twelve cases of BPSF were found; 3 were confirmed to be accidental, with a mean age at presentation of 3 months. Two infants had single-impact falls, and 1 had a compression injury; all 3 had small intracranial hemorrhages. None had bruises or other injuries, and all remained clinically well. A literature search found 10 similar cases and further biomechanical evidence that these fractures can occur from accidental falls. Conclusion: While AHT should be kept in the differential diagnosis whenever BPSFs are seen, these injuries can occur as a result of accidental falls.

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Milutinovic, Dragana, Mirjana Martinov-Cvejin, and Svetlana Simic. "Patients' falls and injuries during hospitalization as quality indicators of work in hospitals." Medical review 62, no. 5-6 (2009): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0906249m.

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The number of patients' falls and injuries happening during their hospital treatment is a good quality indicator of safety of in-patients. A fall is of multifactorial etiology, and its causes are usually classified into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. According to Jenise Morse there are three categories of falls among inpatients: accidental, non-anticipated physiologic and anticipated physiologic fall. Fall induced injuries in clinical and hospital settings are mostly categorized into five groups: no injury, minor injury, moderate injury, severe injury and lethal injury. The number of in-patient falls can be reduced by implementing a prevention programme in order to improve the quality of the specific health care and health care in general. The key preventive strategies aimed at safe and efficient health care include: a regular assessment of the risk for falls using predictive scales, visual identification of patients at high risk for falls, communication with patients and education of patients, their family members and staff about fall prevention interventions.

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Perego, Francesca, Beatrice De Maria, Laura Bagnara, Valeria De Grazia, Mauro Monelli, Matteo Cesari, and Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia. "The Dilemma of Falls in Older Persons: Never Forget to Investigate the Syncope." Medicina 57, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060623.

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Background and objectives: Falls represent a major cause of morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality in older persons. The identification of risk conditions for falling is crucial. This study investigated the presence of syncope as a possible cause of falls in older persons admitted to a Sub-Acute Care Unit (SACU) with a diagnosis of accidental fall after initial management in an emergency department and acute hospitalization. Materials and methods: A retrospective monocentric study of patients aged ≥65 years, consecutively admitted to a SACU with a diagnosis of fall-related trauma. All patients underwent a complete assessment of the index event and clinical status. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the identified cause of falls: (1) transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC), (2) unexplained fall (UF), and (3) definite accidental fall (AF). Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated. T-LOC was present in 36 patients, UF in 37, and AF in 27. Of the 36 patients with T-LOC, a probable origin was identified in most cases (n = 33, 91%), 19 subjects (53%) had orthostatic hypotension, 9 (25%) a cardiac relevant disturbance, 2 (6%) a reproduced vaso-vagal syncope, 2 (6%) severe anemia, and 1 (3%) severe hypothyroidism. The T-LOC group was older and more clinically complex than the other groups. Conclusion: In older patients who recently experienced a fall event, the prevalence of syncope is relevant. In frail and clinically complex patients with falls, the identification of the underlying cause is pivotal and can be achieved through prolonged monitoring and a comprehensive assessment of the person.

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Kingma, Johannes, and Henk-Jan Ten Duis. "Injuries Due to School Sports Accidents in 4 to 13-Yr.-Old Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (February 2000): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.319.

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505 kindergarten and primary school children from 4 to 13 years of age were treated for school sports injuries during the period 1990–1997. The incidence of injuries increased statistically significantly from .5 per 1,000 children 4- to 5-yr.-old to 4.8 injured children per 1,000 in 12- to 13-yr.-old. 59% of the injuries involved upper extremities; 35% of these were in the wrist region. 33.5% of the injuries were of the lower extremities, with 50% being of the feet and 36.4% of the ankle. Accidental falls were the main situation (53%) in which school sport accidents occurred. Nearly 65% of these accidental falls occurred at the ground level; the remaining accidents (35%) occurred when the child was working on an apparatus, e.g., parallel bars, balancing beam, side horse. The 4- to 5-yr.-old children were the most vulnerable to accidental fall (67%). A statistically significant increase in injuries in ball sports was observed from 4- to 5-yr.-olds (0%) to the 12- to 13-yr.-olds (28%).

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Stubbs, Brendon. "Do nurses and their assistants hold the key to reducing falls in institutionalized older adults?" International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 7 (December 13, 2010): 1189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021000236x.

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In general medicine, falls among older adults and the consequences of such falls have been the focus of a plethora of empirical and scholarly research efforts. This is for good reason since falls are the leading cause of accidental death in older adults and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality (Currie, 2006). It is estimated that between a third and a half of adults aged over 65 years fall each year (Lim et al., 2001). The cost to healthcare systems is significant; for example, in the U.S.A. non-fatal falls cost between $16 billion and $19 billion per annum (Stevens et al., 2006). Despite advances in general medicine, there is a relative dearth of empirical data on the incidence of falls in older adults.

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Ohde, Sachiko, Mineko Terai, Osamu Takahashi, Aya Oizumi, Miwako Takekata, and Tsuguya Fukui. "4. Accidental Falls and Prevention Program among Inpatients." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 101, no. 12 (2012): 3396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.101.3396.

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Lee, Kai H. "Epidemiology of Facial Fractures Secondary to Accidental Falls." Asian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 21, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0915-6992(09)80018-6.

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Syrjälä, Pirjo, Heikki Luukinen, Juhani Pyhtinen, and Uolevi Tolonen. "Neurological diseases and accidental falls of the aged." Journal of Neurology 250, no. 9 (September 2003): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-0152-y.

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Blach, Wieslaw, Dawid Dobosz, Bartlomiej Gasienica-Walczak, Juris Grants, and Artur Litwiniuk. "Falls Are the Leading Cause of Injuries among Farmers—Limitations of Practicing Judo in Preventing These Incidents." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167324.

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Benefits related to doing martial arts go beyond health-related and constitute very useful life skills. One of them is ability to fall safely. It is an important skill since falls are a common cause of injuries. The aim of the study is knowledge regarding the burden of falls in a population of farmers. This systematic review was prepared according to PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science. A total of 21 articles met eligibility criteria. The common general observation was that fall (regardless of type) caused various body injuries in populations of agriculture workers. Fall was the leading cause of injuries in only one population, and the most frequently classified second or third causes among all other listed injuries. People employed in the agriculture sector constitute an occupational group with an increased risk of injury as a result of accidental fall, which may lead to disability or even death (in extreme situations). Safe fall training would be an important addition to traditional fall prophylaxis applied on farms. The authors indicate the limitations of judo as a base of such a program, such as with superficial analysis of this issue in scientific publications. There is a need for a critical and wary approach to recommendations that are limited to prophylaxis of the effects of accidental falls that are founded on judo or other combat sports and martial arts.

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Muggenthaler, H., M. Hubig, A. Meierhofer, and G. Mall. "Slip and tilt: modeling falls over railings." International Journal of Legal Medicine 135, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02432-8.

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AbstractFalls over railings are frequent case scenarios forensic experts are confronted with. An important issue is the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental falling scenarios. From a biomechanical point of view, this is a challenging task and should be addressed in a multifactorial approach. This work presents a simplified mechanical model in terms of a cranked rod that can be used in cases without relevant dynamic components in terms of pushing or jumping. If the anti-slip and the anti-tilt condition are violated, the possibility for a person to get over a railing should be assumed and investigated in more detail. Because our approach also involves uncertainties, the formulae should be understood to be part of a multifactorial approach. Numerical simulation, experimental reconstruction, injury pattern, and trace analysis can yield additional substantial connecting facts.

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Chen, Boyuan, and Sohee Shin. "Bibliometric Analysis on Research Trend of Accidental Falls in Older Adults by Using Citespace—Focused on Web of Science Core Collection (2010–2020)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041663.

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The present study aimed to identify the trends in research on accidental falls in older adults over the last decade. The MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and entry terms were applied in the Web of Science Core Collection. Relevant studies in English within articles or reviews on falls in older adults were included from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, CiteSpace 5.6.R5 (64-bit) was adopted for analysis with scientific measurements and visualization. Cooper Cyrus, Stephen R Lord, Minoru Yamada, Catherine Sherrington, and others have critically impacted the study of falls in older adults. Osteoporosis, dementia, sarcopenia, hypertension, osteosarcopenia, traumatic brain injury, frailty, depression, and fear of falling would be significantly correlated with falls in older adults. Multiple types of exercise can provide effective improvements in executive cognitive performance, gait performance, quality of life, and can also lower the rates of falls and fall-related fractures. Fall detection, hospitalization, classification, symptom, gender, and cost are the current research focus and development direction in research on falls in older adults. The prevention of falls in older adults is one of the most important public health issues in today’s aging society. Although lots of effects and research advancements had been taken, fall prevention still is uncharted territory for too many older adults. Service improvements can exploit the mentioned findings to formulate policies, and design and implement exercise programs for fall prevention.

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Thomsen, Mikkel Jacobi, Matthew Liston, Merete Grothe Christensen, Peter Vestergaard, and Rogerio Hirata. "A Combination of Web-based and In-Person Training Reduced Fall Accidents in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Iproceedings 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): e41105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/41105.

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Background Fall accidents in older adults are associated with reduced quality of life, personal health issues, and earlier deaths. Previous studies have found that both physical and cognitive parameters influence the risk of falling in older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (2020-2021) in Denmark, web-based training was the safest option for training, although its effectiveness was uncertain. Objective The purpose of this stratified, block randomized trial was to examine the effect of two types of web-based and in-person training—salsa dance and regular fitness circuit—in two training groups in comparison with a control group. Methods A total of 78 older adults (9 male and 69 female; mean age 70.4, SD 4.4 years; mean height 165.2, SD 6.8 cm; and mean weight 65.7, SD 11.9 kg) completed the 6-months training period: dance (n=25), fitness (n=23), and control group (n=30). Accidental falls were registered during the follow-up test. Participants in the two training groups were assigned to 1-hour training sessions twice a week for 6 months. Prior to the pandemic, training was administered by a skilled instructor at an activity center in the municipality or a dance studio. Following the pandemic, dance training was administered through a web-based meeting platform, whereas fitness training was guided by a video. Adherence to the training was collected weekly. Participants in the control group were encouraged to continue their everyday life. Results Both intervention groups had fewer accidental falls during the 6 months intervention compared with the control group (control group: 9 falls; dance: 4 falls, fitness: 0 falls; chi-square: P<.05). In total, adherence to fitness training was 72.6%, and it was 86.9% for dance. However, adherence to the web-based dance training was 95% (342 dance training hours of possible 360 dance training hours). Conclusions A combination of a 6-months web-based and in-person training (for dance and fitness) reduced the number of accidental falls in older adults. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03683849; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03683849

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Tang, Yue Ting, and Roman Romero-Ortuno. "Using Explainable AI (XAI) for the Prediction of Falls in the Older Population." Algorithms 15, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15100353.

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The prevention of falls in older people requires the identification of the most important risk factors. Frailty is associated with risk of falls, but not all falls are of the same nature. In this work, we utilised data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing to implement Random Forests and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for the prediction of different types of falls and analysed their contributory factors using 46 input features that included those of a previously investigated frailty index. Data of participants aged 65 years and older were fed into four random forest models (all falls or syncope, simple fall, complex fall, and syncope). Feature importance rankings were based on mean decrease in impurity, and Shapley additive explanations values were calculated and visualised. Female sex and a previous fall were found to be of high importance in all of the models, and polypharmacy (being on five or more regular medications) was ranked high in the syncope model. The more ‘accidental’ (extrinsic) nature of simple falls was demonstrated in its model, where the presence of many frailty features had negative model contributions. Our results highlight that falls in older people are heterogenous and XAI can provide new insights to help their prevention.

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Joshi, Aayushi, Fahra Rajabali, Kate Turcotte, M. Denise Beaton, and Ian Pike. "Fall-related deaths among older adults in British Columbia: cause and effect of policy change." Injury Prevention 26, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043280.

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BackgroundThe British Columbia Coroners Service implemented a policy in 2010 advising the reclassification of underlying causes of deaths due to falls from ‘natural’ to ‘accidental’. This study investigates whether observed data trends reflect this change in practice, are artefacts of inconsistent reporting, or indicate a true increase in fall-related deaths.MethodsMortality data were analysed from 2004 to 2017 for cases with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision fall codes W00–W19, occurring among adults aged 60 years and older.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2012, accidental fall-related deaths increased among those aged 80 years and older, followed by an increase in natural deaths with fall as the contributing cause.ConclusionsChanges in reporting resulting from the 2010 policy change were observed; however, post-2012 data indicate a reversion to previous reporting practices.

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Fischer, Barbara, Allison Midden, Aundrea Hoffmann, Lynn DeWitt, Kathryne Kohlman, Lindy Clemson, Katherine Sherman, and Jane Mahoney. "Stepping Out: A Novel Pilot Falls Prevention Program for Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1568.

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Abstract Objectives: Falls are the leading source of accidental injury and hospitalization among adults over the age of 65. Relative to people with intact cognition, individuals with cognitive impairment are at increased risk for falls; however, few falls prevention programs exist to specifically reduce and prevent falls in this population. To address this issue, we developed a novel, multifactorial, cognitively-based falls prevention program, Stepping Out. Based on the popular and effective evidenced-based program, Stepping On, Stepping Out was modified and tailored to the learning needs of individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We hypothesized that older adults with MCI would find the program understandable, and that program participants would demonstrate reduced falls. Methods: Sixteen veterans, mean age of 77.5, diagnosed with MCI and at increased risk for falls participated in Stepping Out. Falls were collected for the six months prior to intervention and the six months during and after program participation. All participants completed post-program evaluations. Falls incidence was compared using a Wilcoxon paired signed rank test. Results: Stepping Out was found to be feasible and comprehensible by all participants. Program participants exhibited significantly reduced falls, with median reduction of two falls (p = 0.0020), and a range of zero to 12 falls. Discussion: With appropriate modifications, individuals with MCI were able to benefit from a cognitively-based falls prevention program and to reduce accidental falls incidence. Falls are an important and feasible target to address among individuals with cognitive impairment.

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Tinsley, Elizabeth. "Minor injuries and ailments. 5: Falls and accidental injury." Journal of Health Visiting 4, no. 5 (May 2, 2016): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2016.4.5.254.

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Mathis, Robert D., Stephen H. Levine, and Sue Phifer. "AN ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTAL FREE FALLS FROM A HEIGHT." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 34, no. 1 (January 1993): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199301000-00023.

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Fhon, Jack Roberto Silva, Suzele Cristina Coelho Fabrício-Wehbe, Thais Ramos Pereira Vendruscolo, Renata Stackfleth, Sueli Marques, and Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues. "Accidental falls in the elderly and their relation with functional capacity." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 5 (October 2012): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000500015.

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AIM: This study aimed to determinate the prevalence of falls in the elderly and its relationship with the functional capacity. METHOD: This is an epidemiological and cross-sectional study; a two-stage cluster sample of 240 male and female subjects aged over 60 years was used. Data were collected from November 2010 to February 2011. The following questionnaires were used: socio-demographic profile, assessment of falls, Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale. Significance was set at 0.05. To identify the occurrence of falls and their relation with functional capacity, the prevalence ratio and prevalence odds ratios were used, as well as multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Average age was 73.5 years (±8.4); 25% 80 years or more, with preponderance of female gender; 48.8% attended school between 1-4 years. The average was 1.33 falls (±0.472), with prevalence in women and elderly between 60 and 79 years old; the most frequently sites were the backyard and bathroom. Strong correlation between the level of functional independence and instrumental activities and age was found, but no relation between elderly victims of falls and the gender and age variables. CONCLUSION: Women who suffered falls related to functional independence were predominant, which can be prevented through elderly health promotion strategies, a policy that serves to offer living conditions to people in the aging process.

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He, Chunhua, Shuibin Liu, Guangxiong Zhong, Heng Wu, Lianglun Cheng, Juze Lin, and Qinwen Huang. "A Non-Contact Fall Detection Method for Bathroom Application Based on MEMS Infrared Sensors." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010130.

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The ratio of the elderly to the total population around the world is larger than 10%, and about 30% of the elderly are injured by falls each year. Accidental falls, especially bathroom falls, account for a large proportion. Therefore, fall events detection of the elderly is of great importance. In this article, a non-contact fall detector based on a Micro-electromechanical Systems Pyroelectric Infrared (MEMS PIR) sensor and a thermopile IR array sensor is designed to detect bathroom falls. Besides, image processing algorithms with a low pass filter and double boundary scans are put forward in detail. Then, the statistical features of the area, center, duration and temperature are extracted. Finally, a 3-layer BP neural network is adopted to identify the fall events. Taking into account the key factors of ambient temperature, objective, illumination, fall speed, fall state, fall area and fall scene, 640 tests were performed in total, and 5-fold cross validation is adopted. Experimental results demonstrate that the averages of the precision, recall, detection accuracy and F1-Score are measured to be 94.45%, 90.94%, 92.81% and 92.66%, respectively, which indicates that the novel detection method is feasible. Thereby, this IOT detector can be extensively used for household bathroom fall detection and is low-cost and privacy-security guaranteed.

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Bhat, P. Shivarama, and Arunachalam Kumar. "A STUDY OF FOOTPRINTS OF TREE-CLIMBING COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH INDIA." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 04 (December 2014): 060–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703833.

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AbstractThe paper details the morphological adaptations of the foot shape and its arches to sustained professional tree climbing activity. Foot inversion, as required by climbers on a long term and regular basis reshapes the bony architecture of the foot and the medial longitudinal arch over a period of time. These changes can be observed and measured, noninvasively through study of footprints.This community study on the progressive adaptation of the arch to the rigors of climbing was recorded through footprints collected from the climbers with varied experience in the profession. The collation of observations show that the medial arch continues to shrink with sustained inversion, raising the dome of the instep.The progressive compensatory rise in arch height however, is arrested abruptly after a phase, with failure of the arch to accommodate further to more stress – leading to slipping and falls from heights. The article discusses the bio-mechanisms and kinetics of foot adaptation to the rigors of climbers and analysis the cause of accidental falls, even though most of the accidental fall victims have had a number of years of climbing experience.

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Zecevic, Aleksandra, Daniella Bozzo, Alison Stirling, and Helene Gagne. "FALLS IN MID-LIFE: A SCOPING LITERATURE REVIEW." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3156.

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Abstract The implications of falls of middle-aged adults (40-64 years) on falling in late life (65+) have not received much attention. The patterns of falling over the lifespan require more research. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to answer: What is known about falls occurring in mid-life? and How falls in mid-life relate to falling over the adult lifespan? A six-stage scoping literature review framework by Levac et al. (2010) was followed. A total of 5,136 titles were identified in CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE using MeSH terms for accidental fall, middle-aged and longitudinal studies. Inclusion/exclusion criteria narrowed the search to 30 full-text research articles and nine gray literature sources that were charted. Literature on falls in mid-life produced five discrete themes: two distinct populations of fallers, prevalence rates, fall-related injuries, causes of falls, and risk factors for falling. The two groups of fallers were the general population (falls prevalence 8.7-35.8%) and the special population of mid-life adults living with chronic health conditions (falls prevalence 26% for diabetes and 32.3% intellectual disabilities). Middle-aged adults had a higher proportion of injurious falls (11.5-30%) compared to older adults and extrinsic risk factors were the most frequent causes of falling (83.3%). For special populations, the risk of falls was frequently attributed to intrinsic factors. In conclusion, falls in mid-life require further exploration to establish patterns over the adult lifespan, determine influence of chronic diseases, establish clear fall incidences and risk factors, and determine if current falls prevention interventions are appropriate for mid-life adults.

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Fritz, Nora E., Erin M. Edwards, Jennifer Keller, Ani Eloyan, Peter A. Calabresi, and Kathleen M. Zackowski. "Combining Magnetization Transfer Ratio MRI and Quantitative Measures of Walking Improves the Identification of Fallers in MS." Brain Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110822.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) impacts balance and walking function, resulting in accidental falls. History of falls and clinical assessment are commonly used for fall prediction, yet these measures have limited predictive validity. Falls are multifactorial; consideration of disease-specific pathology may be critical for improving fall prediction in MS. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive value of clinical measures (i.e., walking, strength, sensation) and corticospinal tract (CST) MRI measures, both discretely and combined, to fall status in MS. Twenty-nine individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (mean ± SD age: 48.7 ± 11.5 years; 17 females; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 4.0 (range 1–6.5); symptom duration: 11.9 ± 8.7 years; 14 fallers) participated in a 3T brain MRI including diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and clinical tests of walking, strength, sensation and falls history. Clinical measures of walking were significantly associated with CST fractional anisotropy and MTR. A model including CST MTR, walk velocity and vibration sensation explained >31% of the variance in fall status (R2 = 0.3181) and accurately distinguished 73.8% fallers, which was superior to stand-alone models that included only MRI or clinical measures. This study advances the field by combining clinical and MRI measures to improve fall prediction accuracy in MS.

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Skog, Ole-Jørgen. "Alcohol consumption and mortality rates from traffic accidents, accidental falls, and other accidents in 14 European countries." Addiction 96, no. 1 (February 15, 2001): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09652140020021170.

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Skog, Ole-Jørgen. "Alcohol consumption and mortality rates from traffic accidents, accidental falls, and other accidents in 14 European countries." Addiction 96, no. 1s1 (February 2001): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.96.1s1.4.x.

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Oliver, David. "Preventing falls and falls-injuries in hospitals and long-term care facilities." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 17, no. 2 (May 2007): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259808002451.

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Falls are predominantly a problem of older people. In the UK, people over 65 currently account for around 60% of admissions and 70% of bed days in hospitals. There are approximately half a million older people in long-term care settings – many with frailty and multiple long-term conditions. The proportion of the population over 65 years is predicted to rise 25% by 2025, and that over 80 by 50%, with a similar increase in those with dependence for two or more activities of daily living. Despite policies to drive care to the community, it is likely that the proportion of older people in hospitals and care homes will therefore increase. Accidental falls are the commonest reported patient/resident safety incidents. Similar demographic trends can be seen in all developed nations, so that the growing problem of fall prevention in institutions is a global challenge. There has been far more focus in falls-prevention research on older people in ‘community’ settings, but falls are a pressing issue for hospitals and care homes, and a threat to the safety of patients and residents, even if a relatively small percentage of the population is in those settings at any one time.

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Alizadeh, Jalal, Martin Bogdan, Joseph Classen, and Christopher Fricke. "Support Vector Machine Classifiers Show High Generalizability in Automatic Fall Detection in Older Adults." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 7166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217166.

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Falls are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neurological disorders. Technical means of detecting falls are of high interest as they enable rapid notification of caregivers and emergency services. Such approaches must reliably differentiate between normal daily activities and fall events. A promising technique might be based on the classification of movements based on accelerometer signals by machine-learning algorithms, but the generalizability of classifiers trained on laboratory data to real-world datasets is a common issue. Here, three machine-learning algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Random Forest (RF) were trained to detect fall events. We used a dataset containing intentional falls (SisFall) to train the classifier and validated the approach on a different dataset which included real-world accidental fall events of elderly people (FARSEEING). The results suggested that the linear SVM was the most suitable classifier in this cross-dataset validation approach and reliably distinguished a fall event from normal everyday activity at an accuracy of 93% and similarly high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, classifiers based on linear SVM might be useful for automatic fall detection in real-world applications.

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Chen, Weiming, Zijie Jiang, Hailin Guo, and Xiaoyang Ni. "Fall Detection Based on Key Points of Human-Skeleton Using OpenPose." Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050744.

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According to statistics, falls are the primary cause of injury or death for the elderly over 65 years old. About 30% of the elderly over 65 years old fall every year. Along with the increase in the elderly fall accidents each year, it is urgent to find a fast and effective fall detection method to help the elderly fall.The reason for falling is that the center of gravity of the human body is not stable or symmetry breaking, and the body cannot keep balance. To solve the above problem, in this paper, we propose an approach for reorganization of accidental falls based on the symmetry principle. We extract the skeleton information of the human body by OpenPose and identify the fall through three critical parameters: speed of descent at the center of the hip joint, the human body centerline angle with the ground, and width-to-height ratio of the human body external rectangular. Unlike previous studies that have just investigated falling behavior, we consider the standing up of people after falls. This method has 97% success rate to recognize the fall down behavior.

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Hegeman, Judith, Bart J. F. van den Bemt, Jacques Duysens, and Jacques van Limbeek. "NSAIDs and the Risk of Accidental Falls in the Elderly." Drug Safety 32, no. 6 (May 2009): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200932060-00005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Accidental falls'

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