Academic literature on the topic 'Accident denominators'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accident denominators"
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Hinkelbein, Jochen, Christopher Neuhaus, Mandy Schwalbe, and Michael Dambier. "Lack of Denominator Data in Aviation Accident Analysis." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2661.2010.
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Viscusi, W. K. "The Denominator Blindness Effect: Accident Frequencies and the Misjudgment of Recklessness." American Law and Economics Association 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahg012.
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Stark, Rebecca, Steven Lee, Angela Neville, Brant Putnah, and Scott Bricker. "Common Denominators in Death from Pediatric Back-Over Trauma." American Surgeon 77, no. 10 (October 2011): 1420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107701034.
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Low-speed “back-over” injuries comprise a small number of pediatric automobile versus pedestrian (AVP) trauma, however these injuries tend to be more severe and have a higher rate of mortality. The objective of this study was to determine environmental, mechanistic, and demographic factors common in pediatric back-over injuries resulting in death. Patients were identified from the trauma registry of an urban Level I trauma center over a 15-year period. Charts for all pediatric AVP injuries in ages 4 years and younger were reviewed. Mortalities due to back-over injuries were identified. For the study period reviewed (1995–2010) we identified 535 cases of auto versus pedestrian injury in children less than 4-years-old. Of these, 31 (5.79%) were mortalities. Among those 31 mortalities, six (19.3%) were identified as resulting from back-over trauma. Mean age was significantly lower in back-over injuries as compared with non back-over AVP trauma (1.33 ± 0.23 years, vs 3.5 ± 1.0 years, P = 0.001). We noted a trend toward female gender (67%) and Hispanic ethnicity (67%). All sustained massive blunt head trauma as the cause of death. There were no significant differences in Injury Severity Score or Revised Trauma Score in the back-over group. Environmental analysis revealed that cars were the perpetrating vehicle 50 per cent of the time, and sport utility vehicles, vans, or trucks 50 per cent of the time. In all cases, the accidents occurred in the patient's own driveway and by either a family member (67%) or acquaintance (33%). These data suggest that key characteristics of back-over trauma resulting in mortality include very young age, massive head trauma, injury occurring in the patient's own driveway, and with a family member or acquaintance behind the wheel. This may help identify points of injury prevention to decrease the number of victims of back-over trauma in the pediatric population.
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Lewsey, Jim, Houra Haghpanahan, Daniel Mackay, Emma McIntosh, Jill Pell, and Andy Jones. "Impact of legislation to reduce the drink-drive limit on road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption in Scotland: a natural experiment study." Public Health Research 7, no. 12 (June 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr07120.
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Background It is widely recognised that drink driving is a leading cause of road traffic accidents (RTAs). There is evidence that changing the drink-drive limit from a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 to 0.05 g/dl is effective in reducing RTAs. Scotland changed the blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.05 g/dl on 5 December 2014. Aims To assess whether or not the numbers and rates of RTAs and per capita alcohol consumption in Scotland were reduced because of the 2014 drink-drive legislation. To assess whether or not the 2014 change in legislation provided good value for money. Design A natural experimental, quantitative study. The control group was England and Wales, that is, the other countries in Great Britain, where the drink-drive legislation remained unchanged. Setting Great Britain. Participants The entire population of Scotland, England and Wales for the period of January 2013–December 2016. Intervention The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland. Outcome measures The counts and rates of RTAs; and per capita alcohol consumption. Methods For the numbers and rates of RTAs (both traffic flow and population denominators were used), and separately for the intervention and control trial groups, negative binomial regression models were fitted to panel data sets to test for a change in outcome level after the new 2014 legislation was in place. To obtain a ‘difference-in-differences’ (DiD)-type measure of effect, an interaction term between the intervention group indicator and the binary covariate for indicating pre and post change in legislation (‘pseudo’-change for the control group) was assessed. For off- and on-trade per capita alcohol sales, and separately for the intervention and control trial group, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average error models were fitted to the relevant time series. Results The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 2% relative decrease in RTAs in Scotland [relative risk (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04; p = 0.53]. However, the pseudo-change in legislation was associated with a 5% decrease in RTAs in England and Wales (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; p = 0.05). For RTA rates, with traffic flow as the denominator, the DiD-type estimate indicated a 7% increase in rates for Scotland relative to England and Wales (unadjusted RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.17; p = 0.1). The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 0.3% relative decrease in per capita off-trade sales (–0.3%, 95% CI –1.7% to 1.1%; p = 0.71) and a 0.7% decrease in per capita on-trade sales (–0.7%, 95% CI –0.8% to –0.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland in December 2014 did not have the expected effect of reducing RTAs in the country, and nor did it change alcohol drinking levels in Scotland. This main finding for RTAs was unexpected and the research has shown that a lack of enforcement is the most likely reason for legislation failure. Future work Investigations into how the public interpret and act on changes in drink-drive legislation would be welcome, as would research into whether or not previous change in drink-drive legislation effects on RTAs in other jurisdictions are associated with the level of enforcement that took place. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38602189. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Mezzetti, M. G., F. Mare, A. Pontari, E. Ronchetti, and G. C. Serra. "A Hospital Emergency Plan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065808.
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By definition, hospitals should be among the places with the highest safety index (1). But often, on these premises, we have occasional accidents which may be dangerous and which illustrate the way hospitals are exposed to various and often undervalued risks.The incidences of unforeseen, dangerous situations involving sudden accidents, of uncontrollable emergency conditions and also of larger catastrophes are awful. Recent accidents proved inadequate safety inside hospitals. In Parma (2) escaping gas was followed by an explosion that destroyed a division of the hospital and resulted in wounded and dead. In Mondovi, an explosion in the central heating system of the hospital caused the death of an employee. A fire that broke out in an old people's home in Southern Italy brought about the death of three persons. The first shocks of the earthquake in 1980 caused the death of many patients and staff (including six physicians) in the so called “safe” hospital of San Angelo Dei Lombardi. In the earthquake in 1976 many patients and some personnel of the hospital staff in Gemona, Friuli lost their lives (3)Apparently these facts are not closely linked together. Some were caused by human error, others by inadequacy of buildings, age of structures, even where the disaster was due to natural causes. However all these events show the presence of the common denominator of “high risk,” typical of hospital structures (4,5). The principle dangerous situations are: (a) risks coming from the structures of the premises (no earthquake-proof principles of modular structure); and (b) risks connected with the working activities (6,7).
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Sivamuthu, T. Chenthil. "A study on faciomaxillary trauma in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185186.
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Background: Faciomaxillary injuries are increasing in incidence in Tirunelveli district due to the increasing number of vehicles on the street which are inadequate and due to assault. The common denominator in both these situations is alcohol abuse. This study aims to assess the incidence, causative factors and management options of Faciomaxillary trauma.Methods: Around 50 case of faciomaxillary injuries admitted in the Department of Plastic surgery, TVMCH were taken up for study. The cases were studied for age, sex, personal habits, mode of injury, associated injuries, involved bones and type of fracture, clinical features, treatment modalities, and complications.Results: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) was the most common cause. Males aged 20-30 were the most commonly involved. Alcohol abuse and Intoxication was the most common antecedent event. Associated head, limbs and chest injuries were common. Mandible was the commonest bone to be fractured followed by zygoma, maxilla and nasal bones. ORIF and IMF was the common surgery performed.Conclusions: Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of faciomaxillary injuries. Educating the public about the traffic rules and the ill effects of drunken driving will go a long way to prevent these injuries.
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Jakóbiec-Semkowowa, Milica. "Bałkański tygiel kultur i konfesji w dziewiętnastowiecznych relacjach polskich podróżników." Slavica Wratislaviensia 162 (April 18, 2016): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.162.1.
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Balkan melting pot of cultures and denominationsin light of the 19th-century works of Polish travellersOut of numerous available Polish trip descriptions written at the end of the 19th century we have chosen the works by three Jesuits, Marcin Czermiński, Jan Badeni, and Julian Antoni Łukaszewicz, and a historian and ethnologist Aleksander Jabłonowski. Those works were by no means accidental: all the authors were experts in the matter of specific Balkan culture. We particularly analyse the authors’ interesting remarks on different denominations: Catholicism, Greek Orthodox Church, Islam and Judaism and relationships between members of these denominations. In their works the Polish authors frequently referred to the existing feeling of Slavic unity. At the same time they noticed the complexity of historical and political backgrounds which were then easily perceived in the region. Балкански конгломерат култура и вероисповестиу пољским путописима друге половине 19. векаЗа анализу насловног проблема избрани су из многих релација путописи пољских исусоваца Марћина Чермињског Marcin Czermiński, Јана Баденија Jan Badeni, Јулиана Антонија Лукашкјевича Julian Antoni Łukaszkiewicz и историчара и етнолога Александра Јаблоновског Aleksander Jabłonowski. Сви аутори су били добро припремљени и добро су познавали специфику културе балканских Словена. Обраћали су пажњу на разне вероисповести: католицизам, православље, ислам и јудеизам а такође на односе међу њиховим припадницима. Пољски аутори често су се позивали на братство Словена и истовремено су подвлачили комплицирану историју овог региона и текуће политичке услове.
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Ferreira, María del Carmen Pardo, Francisco Salguero Caparrós, Jesús Antonio Carrillo Castrillo, and Juan Carlos Rubio Romero. "Assessment of Chainsaw Operators Training in Andalusia (Spain)." Croatian journal of forest engineering 43, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2022.1204.
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The chainsaw, as a work equipment, is considered one of the most dangerous in the field of occupational health and safety. The chainsaw is especially used in the forestry sector, although it is also used in other different sectors such as agriculture, construction or gardening. This study was carried out using an ad-hoc questionnaire as a research tool in order to assess the weaknesses in the training received by workers who use chainsaws in Andalusia, Spain, since it has never been addressed before. To achieve the objective set, the questionnaire was completed by 378 operators working with chainsaw and their responses were analysed. The results of this study show that there are obvious shortcomings related to work with chainsaws in very significant aspects for the occupational health and safety. Of special importance is the lack of training detected on rescue techniques and work at height, since these are aspects of special risk for workers’ health that could cause accidents with severe injuries. Also, a common denominator in all aspects studied was the lack of safety inspections and the state of the equipment to be used. These results evidence that there is a need to regulate chainsaw operator training.
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Nienhaus, A., and J. Widdes. "The Power of Visualization – Instilling Safety Excellence in Multinational Workforces at Wind Farm Construction Sites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1073, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1073/1/012003.
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Abstract The construction of wind farms involves a mixture of – often centrally deployed – highly specialized experts and local resources depending on the type of activity. The common denominator is that crews are increasingly multinational. For the prevention of accidents and adverse impacts, safety requirements have to be communicated to the workforce in a form which is adequate to the workforce composition and easy to deploy to remote worksites. Field work performed by the authors indicates that visual and/or digital tools for effective safety communication are not yet widely employed, and many field safety trainings and toolbox talks rely on written communication of rules with often repetitive content and no checks of effectiveness. Ways of effective field safety communication are analysed and an approach is presented for enhancing in-the-field conversations and toolbox talks for field sites with limited access to digital learning tools. Simple and easy-to-deploy visuals will remain to be important in-the-field aids for safety communication in remote areas, even as advanced immersive training methods become increasingly available. Any tools should be designed for or should be adaptable to the composition of workforces in terms of language skills, workers qualifications and demographic aspects such as age or diversity. Lastly, field safety communication and training should always be accompanied by personal interactions between workers and supervisors and/or peer multipliers to highlight the “why” behind safety, i.e. the role of every single individual for providing a sound and healthy operating environment and ultimately protecting human lives.
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Inoue, Yuta, Kazutomo Ohashi, Yuko Ohno, Takako Fujimaki, Anna Tsutsui, Ling Zha, and Tomotaka Sobue. "Pregnant women’s migration patterns before childbirth after large-scale earthquakes and the added impact of concerns regarding radiation exposure in Fukushima and five prefectures." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): e0272285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272285.
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The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (within Fukushima, Iwate, and Miyagi prefectures) was a complex disaster; it caused a tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, resulting in radiation exposure. This study investigated the earthquake’s effects on the migration patterns of pregnant women and their concerns regarding radiation exposure. We also considered the following large-scale earthquakes without radiation exposure: Great Hanshin-Awaji (Hyogo prefecture), Niigata-Chuetsu, and Kumamoto. Pregnant women were categorized as outflow and inflow pregnant women. Data on the annual number of births three years before and after the earthquake were used as a denominator to calculate the outflow and inflow rates per 100 births. The odds ratios of annual outflow and inflow rates after the earthquake, using three years before the earthquake as the baseline, were calculated. The odds-ratio for outflow significantly increased for Hyogo, Fukushima, Miyagi, and Kumamoto prefectures after the earthquake, particularly for Fukushima, showing a significant increase until three years post the Great East Japan Earthquake (disaster year: odds-ratio: 2.66 [95% confidence interval: 2.44–2.90], 1 year post: 1.37 [1.23–1.52], 2 years post: 1.13 [1.00–1.26], 3 years post: 1.18 [1.05–1.31]), while the remaining three prefectures reported limited increases post one year. The inflow decreased after the earthquake, particularly in Fukushima, showing a significant decrease until 2 years post the Great East Japan Earthquake (disaster year: 0.58 [0.53–0.63], 1 year post: 0.76 [0.71–0.82], 2 years post: 0.83 [0.77–0.89]). Thus, pregnant women’s migration patterns changed after large-scale earthquakes, suggesting radiation exposure concerns possibly have a significant effects. These results suggested that plans for receiving assistance and support that considers the peculiarities of disaster related damage and pregnant women’s migration patterns are needed in both the affected and non-affected areas.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accident denominators"
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BOTTRELL, John Robert, and John Bottrell@dsl-riotinto com au. "ACCIDENT DENOMINATORS RELATIVE TO AGE GROUPS IN HEAVY INDUSTRIES OF THE PORT HEDLAND REGION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Exercise, Biomedical & Health Science, 2007. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0045.html.
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The aim of this research is to investigate characteristics of accident denominators across age groups in mining and associated process industries in the Port Hedland region of Western Australia. Emphasis has been focussed on comparing young, inexperienced groups with older, more experienced groups. A literature review revealed some key contributors to accidents among younger workers, in particular, those who had only recently entered the workforce. The review also revealed contributors impacting accidents regarding other age groups over a wide range of industry types. From these findings an accident construct model and questionnaire were designed to identify contributing and mitigating denominators which input to accidents occurring across the defined age groups.
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Bottrell, John R. "Accident denominators relative to age groups in heavy industries of the Port Hedland region of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/8.
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The aim of this research is to investigate characteristics of accident denominators across age groups in mining and associated process industries in the Port Hedland region of Western Australia. Emphasis has been focussed on comparing young, inexperienced groups with older, more experienced groups. A literature review revealed some key contributors to accidents among younger workers, in particular, those who had only recently entered the workforce. The review also revealed contributors impacting accidents regarding other age groups over a wide range of industry types. From these findings an accident construct model and questionnaire were designed to identify contributing and mitigating denominators which input to accidents occurring across the defined age groups.
Book chapters on the topic "Accident denominators"
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Öhrström, Lars. "The Emperor and Miss Smilla." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0013.
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Biking south from Avignon, brief residence of the popes in southern France, towards Arles, town of bulls and van Gogh, should be a leisurely experience in the smiling Provencal landscape, making no undue demands on one’s physical abilities. That is, providing you stay away from the only obstacle on the way—the fortified hilltop village of Les Baux-de-Provence. An odd (some would say suspect) error of navigation brought us to the top one sunny day in September many years ago, but this detour proved to be well worth the effort. Both the village and the view are spectacular, and well justified claims to fame for Les Baux. However, Les Baux is, or should be, famous for another thing, the ore known as bauxite, discovered in the vicinity of the village by Pierre Berthier in 1821. Through the bauxite ore there is a curious connection between this sunny place of cicadas and pastis in the afternoon shade, and the Greenlandic adventures of Smilla Qaaviqaaq Jaspersen. These adventures that, told in the novel Miss Smilla’s Feeling for Snow, propelled Danish author Peter Høeg to international fame and fortune in 1992. In this bestselling novel, that can be described both as a thriller and as a ‘post-feminist’ critique of Danish colonialism, the mysterious doings of the Cryolite Company of Greenland plays a major role, as does Smilla’s profound knowledge of the solid-state properties of water. A former glaciologist of Danish–Greenlandic origins, she investigates the death of a neighbour’s six-year-old child after a fall from a snow-covered roof, which is dismissed by the police as an accident. She finds herself rummaging in the archives of the Cryolite Company in Copenhagen, examining forensic evidence, and finally joining the crew of an ill-fated expedition to a remote part of Greenland. At first sight, the common denominator between bauxite and cryolite is aluminium. As such, this is not so remarkable: aluminium, right under boron in the Periodic Table, is present in many minerals and ores, and is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust.
Conference papers on the topic "Accident denominators"
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Moturu, Sahith, and Jeff Utterback. "Safe Approach of Trains Into Terminal Stations." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6252.
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This paper focuses on the safety aspect of passenger trains approaching a terminal station with a bumper block/post. As evidenced by the recent collision of a commuter train at Hoboken terminal on September 29, 2016, the consequences of a collision with a bumper post could be catastrophic, however, railroads can take preventative measures to reduce the element of risk. Case studies obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) involving similar bumper block accidents are analyzed to identify any potential common denominator. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively present the various mitigation techniques that railroads can adopt to safeguard their systems against these types of accidents. Although some of the mitigation techniques presented in the paper may already be known in the industry generically, their application to specifically mitigating the hazard of bumper collisions is a novel attempt to focus systematically on this topic. Examples of mitigation techniques discussed here in include speed restricting devices, driver alerted features, bumper blocks with more impact tolerance, and organizational safety culture. The effect of newer technologies such as PTC (in USA only) and CBTC towards mitigating this hazard as well as the unique constraints presented at terminal stations is also assessed.
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Schoeffler, Fred, and Joy A. Collura. "How was it Possible to do Everything Right and yet 19 Prescott Fire Department Firefighters Died in One Fell Swoop on June 30, 2013?" In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001577.
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On 30 June 2013, nineteen Prescott FD, Granite Mountain Hot Shots, a quasi-military Wildland Fire Crew, died on the Yarnell Hill Fire in Arizona. This tragic Arizona State Forestry (ASF) wildfire was “investigated” by a USDA US Forest Service-funded Serious Accident Investigation Team (SAIT). Their alleged "factual" report (SAIR) concluded they "found no indication of negligence, reckless actions, or violations of policy or protocol." Stated in the positive - they did everything right and yet nineteen men perished. This no blame, no-fault conclusion clearly defies logic and reason. Both USFS and BLM training publications mirror each other: "If firefighters follow the Standard Firefighting Orders and are alerted to the 18 Watch Out Situations, much of the risk of firefighting can be reduced." In 2001 and 2002, former USFS Fire Director Jerry Williams fully supported that joint assertion: “The Ten Standard Firefighting Orders must be firm rules of engagement. … They are the result of hard-learned lessons. Compromis¬ing one or more of them is a common denominator of all tragedy fires. … [where] the Fire Orders were ignored, overlooked, or otherwise compromised.” “Entrapment avoid¬ance must be our primary emphasis and our measure of professional operational success. We must embrace the rules of engagement as a way of doing business - as a professional standard. ... because we owe it to one another. The Fire Orders must become a shared obligation, where the leader’s situational awareness depends on participation by the entire crew and where the crew’s participation is tempered with respect for the leader’s responsibility ..." The SAIT states: "The 10 Standard Firefighting Orders and 18 Watch Out Situations ... [are] the foundation of training in fire suppression operations, ... but they require judgment in application. These principles, ... outline the [SAIT’s] perspective regarding the use and consideration of the 10 and 18 in [the SAIR]." This contradicts the GMHS aftermath.Additionally, other Agency video training sources have made light of this serious subject. “Visualizing The Ten and Eighteen - With Humor” (2004) Kathy Murphy; “WFSTAR: Fire Orders” (2018); and the Wildland Fire LLC - “Honor the Fallen” (2018). In this video, the Standard Fire Orders are denigrated by the USFS Apprenticeship Program Manager: “the truth is that we try to put it into these little boxes in these rules and the 10 and 18 that cannot, they’re not gonna keep us safe, that’s been proven time and time again, we can’t follow our own rule, you know, these rules whatever they are” and states they need to have “luck decision conversation[s],” concluding with “it was good … until it wasn’t.” Did these, and coaching from others, result in the third-year GMHS sole survivor McDonough’s SAIT assertion that Fire Order Ten regarding safely fighting fire, was “hillbilly” and “old”? The documented YH Fire and GMHS tragedy is inaccurate. Indeed, knowing, recognizing, and applying the 10 and 18, and mitigating any Watchout Situations are responsible for saving tens of thousands of WF lives every year! There are no documented cases revealing otherwise.