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Academic literature on the topic 'Accessory mineral'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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Jefferies, N. L. "The distribution of the rare earth elements within the Carnmenellis pluton, Cornwall." Mineralogical Magazine 49, no. 353 (September 1985): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.353.02.

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AbstractThe Carnmenellis pluton is a post-orogenic granite of Hercynian age, comprised largely of porphyritic biotite granites which possess LREE enriched patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies. Electron microprobe and ICP spectrometry data are presented for monazite, which occurs as an accessory mineral in all granite types, and it is demonstrated that this mineral is the principal host for LREE in the biotite granites. HREE are strongly partitioned into the accessory minerals xenotime, apatite, and zircon; only Eu substitutes significantly into the essential minerals. The behaviour of the REE during granite differentiation is controlled by the behaviour of the radioactive accessory minerals, which limits the usefulness of these elements in the petrogenetic modelling of granitic rocks.
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Clarke, D. Barrie, Axel D. Renno, David C. Hamilton, Sabine Gilbricht, and Kai Bachmann. "The spatial association of accessory minerals with biotite in granitic rocks from the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia, Canada." Geosphere 18, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02339.1.

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Abstract We use mineral liberation analysis (MLA) to quantify the spatial association of 15,118 grains of accessory apatite, monazite, xenotime, and zircon with essential biotite, and clustered with themselves, in a peraluminous biotite granodiorite from the South Mountain Batholith in Nova Scotia (Canada). A random distribution of accessory minerals demands that the proportion of accessory minerals in contact with biotite is identical to the proportion of biotite in the rock, and the binary touching factor (percentage of accessory mineral touching biotite divided by modal proportion of biotite) would be ~1.00. Instead, the mean binary touching factors for the four accessory minerals in relation to biotite are: apatite (5.06 for 11,168 grains), monazite (4.68 for 857 grains), xenotime (4.36 for 217 grains), and zircon (5.05 for 2876 grains). Shared perimeter factors give similar values. Accessory mineral grains that straddle biotite grain boundaries are larger than completely locked, or completely liberated, accessory grains. Only apatite-monazite clusters are significantly more abundant than expected for random distribution. The high, and statistically significant, binary touching factors and shared perimeter factors suggest a strong physical or chemical control on their spatial association. We evaluate random collisions in magma (synneusis), heterogeneous nucleation processes, induced nucleation in passively enriched boundary layers, and induced nucleation in actively enriched boundary layers to explain the significant touching factors. All processes operate during the crystallization history of the magma, but induced nucleation in passively and actively enriched boundary layers are most likely to explain the strong spatial association of phosphate accessories and zircon with biotite. In addition, at least some of the apatite and zircon may also enter the granitic magma as inclusions in grains of Ostwald-ripened xenocrystic biotite.
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Reid, Christopher, Rebecca Lunn, Gráinne El Mountassir, and Alessandro Tarantino. "A mechanism for bentonite buffer erosion in a fracture with a naturally varying aperture." Mineralogical Magazine 79, no. 6 (November 2015): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2015.079.6.23.

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AbstractIn the deep geological disposal of nuclear waste in crystalline rock, erosion of the bentonite buffer may occur during periods of glaciation. Previous researchers have examined the mechanism and rates of extrusion and erosion for purified montmorillonite samples in smooth planar fractures. In this paper, we investigate the influence of using MX-80 material (as delivered, i.e. including accessory minerals) and a naturally varying aperture on bentonite erosion. A bespoke fracture flow cell was constructed for this purpose and flow through conducted with deionized water. Throughout the experiment, gravimetric analysis was undertaken on the effluent and the swelling pressure of the bentonite monitored. Quantitative image analysis of the extrusion process was also undertaken. When the swelling pressure data were analysed, alongside both the oscillations in erosion rate and the area of the accessory-mineral ring, a two-stage mechanism governing the erosion process became apparent. Once an accessory-mineral ring had formed at the edge of the extruded material, further increases in swelling pressure resulted in a breach in the accessory-mineral ring, triggering an erosive period during which, the mineral ring was supplemented with additional minerals. The cycle repeated until the ring was sufficiently strong that it remained intact. This observed process results in erosion rates one order of magnitude less than those currently used in long-term safetycase calculations.
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Georgieva, Sylvina, Rossitsa Vassileva, and Georgi Milenkov. "Mineral association in pegmatites from the Djurkovo Pb-Zn deposit, Central Rhodopes: preliminary results." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 83, no. 3 (December 2022): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.19.

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Deformed pegmatites of varying thickness and position are a significant constituent intruded in the metamorphic complex, hosting the Djurkovo Pb-Zn deposit in Central Rhodopes. The mineral composition of the pegmatites consists of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, and minor micas. The main accessory minerals are allanite, titanite, apatite and zircon. Late hydrothermal alteration of pegmatites led to the formation of epidote, adularia, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, quartz and leucoxene. Rare earth carbonate-phosphate assemblage (REE+Y, Th, U), manifested as ˂ 20 µm anhedral grains, is observed along fractures and dissolved zones in allanite and titanite. Because of the limited mobility of REE in fluids, these elements are barely transported during the hydrothermal activity and are incorporated in new phases, precipitated in the frames of the altered accessory minerals. The studied pegmatites contain a significant amount of accessory minerals rich in incompatible elements and therefore could be considered as their potential source.
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Köster, H. M. "Mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity of three standard clay mineral samples." Clay Minerals 31, no. 3 (September 1996): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1996.031.3.11.

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AbstractMineralogical and chemical heterogeneity within three standard clay mineral samples have been identified by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis of various size-fractions. This heterogeneity is partly attributed to accessory minerals, but mostly to structural and compositional variations in the 2:1 layer minerals of different particle size in the same specimen.
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Belkin, Harvey E., and Ray Macdonald. "Zirconium-bearing accessory minerals in UK Paleogene granites: textural, compositional, and paragenetic relationships." European Journal of Mineralogy 33, no. 5 (September 23, 2021): 537–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-537-2021.

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Abstract. The mineral occurrences, parageneses, textures, and compositions of Zr-bearing accessory minerals in a suite of UK Paleogene granites from Scotland and Northern Ireland are described. Baddeleyite, zirconolite, and zircon, in that sequence, formed in hornblende + biotite granites (type 1) and hedenbergite–fayalite granites (type 2). The peralkaline microgranite (type 3) of Ailsa Craig contains zircon, dalyite, a eudialyte-group mineral, a fibrous phase which is possibly lemoynite, and Zr-bearing aegirine. Hydrothermal zircon is also present in all three granite types and documents the transition from a silicate-melt environment to an incompatible element-rich aqueous-dominated fluid. No textures indicative of inherited zircon were observed. The minerals crystallized in stages from magmatic through late-magmatic to hydrothermal. The zirconolite and eudialyte-group mineral are notably Y+REE-rich (REE signifies rare earth element). The crystallization sequence of the minerals may have been related to the activities of Si and Ca, to melt peralkalinity, and to local disequilibrium.
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Oziegbe, E. J., O. O. Ocan, and A. O. Buraimoh. "Petrography of Allanite-bearing Tonalite from Iwo Region, Osun State, Nigeria." Materials and Geoenvironment 67, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2020-0006.

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AbstractPrimary, secondary and accessory minerals in tonalitic rocks from Iwo region of the Precambrian Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria were identified and analysed with the aim of determining the various processes involved during the crystallisation of magma. Thin sections of tonalite were prepared and studied with the aid of a petrographic microscope. The mineral assemblages observed are biotite, plagioclase, alkali-feldspar, amphiboles, pyroxene, quartz, muscovite and chlorite. Allanite, titanite, apatite and zircon occur as accessory minerals. Muscovite and chlorite are found to be secondary minerals. The mineral allanite has a characteristic form of zoning and shows evidence of metamictisation, and is surrounded by dark-coloured biotite having radioactive haloes. Titanite is anhedral to subhedral crystals and forms reaction rim round opaque minerals. Plagioclase shows evidence of compositional zoning as well as plastic deformation of the twin lamellae. The allanite observed is primary in nature and has undergone radioactive disintegration; chlorite and muscovite are formed by secondary processes of chloritization and sericitisation, respectively. The tonalite is formed as a result of rapid cooling of magma close to the Earth's surface.
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Tóth, Erzsébet, Tamás G. Weiszburg, Teresa Jeffries, C. Terry Williams, András Bartha, Éva Bertalan, and Ildikó Cora. "Submicroscopic accessory minerals overprinting clay mineral REE patterns (celadonite–glauconite group examples)." Chemical Geology 269, no. 3-4 (January 2010): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.10.006.

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Yurichev, Alexey. "Gold and silver accessory minerals in ultramafites of the Kyzyr-Burlyuksky ultramafic massif (Western Sayan)." Ores and metals, no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2021-10031.

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The study focuses on gold and silver accessory minerals (native silver, cuprous gold, luanheite (Ag3Hg), unspecified mineral phase (Cu,Ag,Hg), first diagnosed in dunites and apodunite serpentinites of the Kyzyr-Burlyuksky ultramafic massif, which is part of the Kurtushibin ophiolite belt of Western Sayan. The revealed ore minerals are mainly observed in the form of single hypidiomorphic, irregular microscopic precipitates (0.5– 3.0 μm) mainly inside magnetite, much less often in grains of avaruite. Typomorphic and chemical features of ore minerals, their natural setting in rock-forming silicate matrix are characterized. Formation and concentration of these accessory minerals is associated with superimposed low-temperature transformation (hydration) processes affecting original ultramafic rocks. At the same time, the presence of luanheite and an unnamed phase (Cu,Ag,Hg), along with the previously identified potarite (PdHg), is probably evidence of low-temperature conditions of mineral formation during the manifestation of epigenetic processes of serpentinization (lowgrade metamorphism) due to solutions enriched in mercury. The source of such solutions could be gabbro intrusions that penetrated later into the main ultramafic body.
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Dahlquist, J. A. "REE fractionation by accessory minerals in epidote-bearing metaluminous granitoids from the Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 4 (August 2001): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101750377506.

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AbstractA study of the distribution of REE in epidote-bearing metaluminous granitoids from Sierra de Chepes, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, reveals that a large proportion of the REE reside in the accessory minerals (allanite, epidote, titanite, apatite and zircon), and therefore these minerals control the behaviour of REE in granitic magmas. Well-developed chemical zonation in titanite indicates that the REE content decreases in the melt during crystallization of this mineral. The textural and chemical characteristics of euhedral epidote suggest a magmatic origin, and in that case it may have played an important role in the fractionation of the REE. The amount of silica and any other geochemical parameter indicative of fractionation progress in the dominant granodioritic-tonalitic facies (gtf) do not correlate with observed variations in the REE patterns. When many accessory minerals are involved, as in the gtf, the differentiated melts (e.g. aplites) are REE poor. Thus, the presence/absence of accessory minerals in granitoids can be indicative of the generation of differentiated melt enriched or poor in REE and other trace elements. This may have an economic significance, as it may allow us to predict the probable geochemistry of the differentiated melts (i.e. those that tend to develop mineralization) from the textural analysis of the ‘regional’ granitic rock.Finally, the type and abundance of accessory minerals in the granitic suite can also help us to define the geotectonic environment where magmas were generated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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Paterson, Bruce Andrew. "Accessory mineral growth histories : implications for granitoid petrogenesis." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11059.

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Accessory minerals in granitoids are major repositories of several geochemically-important trace elements and isotopes and in order to quantify the influence that they have over granitoid petrogenesis it is necessary to characterize fully their behaviour. In particular it is necessary to understand accessory mineral/melt partitioning of trace elements and within grain elemental diffusivities, the latter is of relevance when assessing the state of isotopic equilibration between a refractory accessory phase and a contacting melt. In this study the backscattered electron (BSE) imaging technique, coupled with quantitative electron microprobe analysis indicate that granitoid zircons and titanites (mainly taken from Caledonian intrusive complexes) are commonly compositionally zoned. The zoning textures observed in these minerals, namely crystal face-parallel zoning, non-planar compositional zoning (included here are subhedral and anhedral core structures) and compositional sector zoning, indicate that the kinetic factors of crystal growth, i.e. within magma elemental diffusion rates, crystal growth rates, interface kinetics and dissolution kinetics, are largely responsible for the patterns of compositional zoning that have been observed. This fording is in marked contrast to other studies which have assumed that kinetics are not important in crystallizing plutonic granitoid magmas. Accessory mineral growth histories have been studied in a few well constrained samples from the Caledonian-age Strontian Complex of NW Scotland. The zircons from the central intrusion of this composite pluton have abundant inherited cores. The cores contain a variety of zoning structures and have a wide range of composition, which are taken to indicate that the cores had a wide variety of ultimate sources. Titanites from both the outer and inner intrusions have compositional sector zoning and the range of composition shown by the titanites is largely due to this fact. In this pluton magma composition appears to have little influence on titanite chemistry. The REE abundances in both parts to the intrusion are largely controlled by the accessory phases and each of these phases have very different rock-normalised REE distribution patterns. These abundance patterns are dependent on the relative partition coefficients that each phase has for the REE, the accessory mineral assemblage present and the crystallization order of that assemblage. The zircons from the central acid member of the Strontian Complex, which are known to have substantial U-Pb inheritance were extracted and analysed for their Sm-Nd isotopic composition. The results apparently indicate that refractory zircons can also preserve their Sm-Nd isotopic composition, a phenomenon not previously reported. That is diffusion of Sm and Nd (and presumably the other REE) within refractory zircon at elevated temperatures appears to be sufficiently slow that complete isotopic equilibration between a zircon and a contacting melt may not always occur. Such disequilibrium potentially enables granitoid magma provenance to be studied with much greater resolution than hitherto possible.
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Goldschmidt, Gunther Karl. "Cloning, Sequencing and Partial Characterization of the Accessory Gene Region of Plasmid pTC-F14 isolated from the Biomining Bacterium Acidithiobacillus caldus f." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1588.

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Thesis (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
Plasmid pTC-F14 is a 14.2kb promiscuous, broad-host range IncQ-like mobilizable plasmid isolated from Acidithiobacillus caldus f. At. caldus is a member of a consortium of bacteria (along with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirilum ferrooxidans) that is used industrially for decomposing metal sulphide ores and concentrates at temperatures of 40ºC or below which is now a well-established industrial process to recover metals from certain copper, uranium and gold-bearing minerals or mineral concentrates. These biomining microbes are usually obligately acidophilic, autotrophic, usually aerobic iron- or sulphur-oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria. Their remarkable physiology allows them to inhabit an ecological niche that is largely inorganic and differs from those environments populated by the more commonly studied non-acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria. At. caldus, is a moderately thermophilic (45 to 50ºC), highly acidophilic (pH1.5 to 2.5) sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, and its role as one of the major players in the industrial decomposition of metal sulphide ores has become evident in recent years. At. caldus f from which pTC-F14 was isolated was found to be one of two dominant organisms in a bacterial consortium undergoing pilot-scale testing for the commercial extraction of nickel from ores.
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Betkowski, Wladyslaw Benedykt. "A STUDY OF PHOSPHATE ACCESSORY MINERALS, THEIR REACTIVITIES, REPLACEMENTS AND GEOCHRONOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LLALLAGUA TIN PORPHYRY EMPLACEMENT AND MINERALIZATION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1532539010237075.

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Senni, Filippo. "Studio dei minerali accessori del basamento Varisico delle Alpi Apuane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14453/.

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L’oggetto della relazione di laurea è lo studio dei minerali accessori dei campioni rappresentativi il basamento Paleozoico delle Alpi Apuane. I minerali accessori sono quei minerali presenti in basse proporzioni modali ovvero <1%. Lo scopo è di caratterizzare la petrografia delle associazioni mineralogiche presenti in quattro campioni: due filladi inferiori dell'Unità di Massa, uno scisto porfirico e un metaporfiroide provenienti dall'Unità delle Apuane. Gli strumenti usati per effettuare le analisi sono stati il microscopio ottico a luce trasmessa polarizzata e il microscopio elettronico a scansione dotato di spettrometro a raggi X a dispersione di energia. Monazite, zircone, rutilo e apatite sono molto frequenti nelle rocce analizzate. Le microstrutture osservate suggeriscono un’origine detritica per questi minerali accessori. Pseudomorfosi di monazite, quarzo, e clorite su un precedente cristallo di allanite sono state osservate in un campione di fillade, ad indicare la crescita di monazite metamorfica durante gli eventi tettono-metamorfici miocenici. Sulla base di diagrammi di fase presenti in letteratura si è stimato che le condizioni del metamorfismo in facies scisti verdi avvennero a pressioni inferiori a 7 kbar e temperature massime di 350-500 °C.
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Kegley, Dalton Curtis. "Economic Potential of Rare Earth Elements Within Accessory Minerals of Granitic Pegmatite Mine Tailings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104065.

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Rare Earth elements (REEs) are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition, and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The local geology includes a series of muscovite class pegmatites of Devonian age (390 Ma), intruded into the primarily amphibolite-grade units of the Ashe and Alligator Back formations (Wood, 1996). The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. Sample characterization utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in refinement cost, or increases in price occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable.
Master of Science
Rare Earth elements (REEs) are comprised of the Lanthanide series of elements as well as yttrium and scandium. REEs are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. Current uses include electronics, magnets, lasers, electric motors, optical fibers, nuclear reactor control rods, visual displays, etc. Although the demand for REEs is high, the current sourcing of REEs is quite scarce. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in cost of refinement, or increase in price were to occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable.
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Childe, Fiona. "Uranium-lead geochronology of metamorphic accessory minerals south of the Grenville Front, western Québec, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61060.

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U-Pb ages were determined on single grains of monazite and xenotime as well as small populations of rutile from amphibolite to granulite facies metasediments of the Quebec Gneiss Segment of the Grenville Province in an area extending 45 to 135 km south of the Grenville Front in La Verendrye Park, Quebec. Recent geochronological studies include Pb-isotope ratios of metamorphic minerals corresponding to ages of 2.5 to 2.65 Ga and U-Pb monazite ages to 2649 to 2655 Ma, which define a lower discordia intercept of approximately 1.01 Ga. Recent thermobarometric studies indicate the presence of two metamorphic episodes in the region.
Monazite and xenotime grains obtained from high grade metasediments at five locations between 45 and 70 km southeast of the Grenville Front yielded $ sp{207}$Pb/$ sp{206}$Pb ages of 999 $ pm$ 5 Ma to 1021 $ pm$ 2 Ma. Monazite from the norther part of this terrane also defined an upper intercept age of 2596 $ pm$ 3 Ma.
The southernmost sample location, 135 km south of the Grenville Front, yielded both monazite and rutile. Monazite gave an age of 1072 $ pm$ 2 Ma. Small populations of rutile yielded an age of 916 $ pm$ 2 Ma. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Prent, Alexander Martijn. "Microchemical and Microstructural Analysis of Major and Accessory Minerals During Fluid-Rock Interactions and Deformation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77367.

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In order to improve our understanding of the relation between fluid-rock interactions and deformation, deep crustal rocks that show evidence of hydration reactions have been analyzed, using microchemical and microstructural analysis techniques. Monazite from the Reynolds Range, proved capable of recording hydrous melt evolution. The combination of monazite and apatite determined timing of shear zone activity in central Australia and the analyses of pyroxene showed its recrystallization was dependent on the fluid flux present.
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Louw, Lilly-Ann. "Analysis of an 18kb accessory region of plasmid pTcM1 from Acidithiobacillus caldus MNG." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1667.

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Thesis (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Biomining organisms are generally found in metal-rich, inorganic environments such as iron and sulfur containing ores; where they play a vital role in mineralization and decomposition of minerals. They are typically obligatory acidophilic, mesophilic or thermophilic, autotrophic, usually aerobic, iron-or sulfur oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria. The most prominent biomining organisms used in bioleaching of metal sulfides are Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, At. caldus, Sulfobacillus spp. and Leptospirillum spp. Biomining enables us to utilize low grade ores that would not have been utilized by conventional methods of mining. Research has focused on the backbone features of plasmids isolated from bacteria of biomining environments. The aim of this study is to sequence and analyze an 18 kb region of the 66 kb plasmid pTcM1 isolated from At. caldus MNG, focusing on accessory genes carried by this plasmid. Fifteen putative genes / open reading frames were identified with functions relating to metabolism and transport systems. The genes are located in two divergently located operons. The first operon carries features related to general metabolism activities and consists of a transcriptional regulator (ORF 2), a succinate / fumarate dehydrogenase-like subunit (ORF 3), two ferredoxin genes (ORF 4 and ORF 7), a putative HEAT-like repeat (ORF 6) which is interrupted by an insertion sequence (ORF 5) and a GOGAT-like subunit (ORF 8). The second operon contains an ABC-type nitrate / sulfonate bicarbonate-like gene (ORF 9), a binding protein-dependent inner membrane component-like gene, another ABC sulfonate / nitrate-like gene (ORF 12i and 12ii) which is interrupted by an insertion sequence (ORF 13) and two hypothetical proteins with unknown functions (ORF 14 and ORF 15). Southern hybridization analysis have shown that most of the genes from the two operons are found in other At caldus strains #6, “f”, C-SH12 and BC13 from different geographical locations. Expression of the GOGAT-like subunit and the succinate / fumarate-like subunit was demonstrated in At. caldus MNG showing that these genes are functional and actively transcribed. The transcriptional regulator (ORF 2) has been shown to repress the downstream genes of putative operon 1. The persistence of these genes on plasmids together with the fact that they are being expressed, represents a potential metabolic burden, which begs the question why they have been maintained on the plasmid from geographically separated strains (and perhaps also growing under very different nutrient availability conditions) and therefore what possible role they may play.
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Reid, Christopher Peter. "The role of accessory minerals in inhibiting bentonite erosion in the geological disposal of higher activity radioactive waste." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27847.

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The chemical erosion of bentonite buffer material, during periods of glaciation, is a point of concern in the approval of safety cases for disposal of radioactive waste in crystalline rock. Currently, quantitative mass loss assessments are based on a 100% montmorillonite buffer and lead to unacceptable mass loss predictions. In practice however, the buffer will be comprised of ≈80% montmorillonite and ≈20% accessory minerals. A better understanding therefore of the role accessory minerals play in the erosion process is required to inform more realistic mass loss assessments. As indeed is the presence of fracture aperture variability on the extrusion/erosion process, as almost exclusively, research carried out to date has been in uniform aperture fracture flow cells. Four month duration erosion experiments were undertaken, designed to mimic groundwater flow through, and buffer extrusion/erosion into, a fracture intersecting a deposition hole in the KBS-3V disposal concept upon contact with dilute water. Purified montmorillonite in a planar aperture fracture was examined, as was the reference bentonite buffer material for the KBS-3V concept, MX80 (with accessory minerals), in both planar and naturally variable aperture fractures. In line with work by other researchers, the purified montmorillonite exhibited a steady mass loss throughout the experiment, with no mechanism in place to attenuate mass loss. Data correlated for the experiments with MX80 to reveal an erosion mechanism in which the accessory minerals serve to inhibit erosion when deposited at the extrusion/groundwater interface at a critical thickness. Irrespective of whether a variable or planar aperture fracture was used. Aperture variability plays a role in that, after deposition of the minerals at a critical thickness and subsequent decrease in mass loss from the system, force chain development in the accessory minerals against the variable aperture wall facilitated a rise in swelling pressure, resulting in breach of the accessory mineral barrier. An erosive period ensues, during which the breach is healed and the barrier regains its integrity. Simplified assessments, scaling the experiments to a repository scenario by incorporating the mitigating effect of the presence of accessory minerals into current quantitative mass loss assessments, predict mass loss over the course of a repository assessment period to be within acceptable limits.
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Miles, Andrew James. "Genesis of zoned granite plutons in the Iapetus Suture Zone : new constraints from high-precision micro-analysis of accessory minerals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7751.

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The Trans-Suture Suite (TSS) of granitic plutons located in Northern Britain span the Iapetus Suture and represent a particularly enigmatic stage of post-Caledonian Devonian magmatism. Despite calc-alkaline affinities, proximity to the Iapetus Suture precludes a direct relationship to active subduction. Furthermore, the absence of inherited zircons distinguishes the TSS from plutons of a similar age throughout the Scottish Highlands, and is not easily reconciled with the abundance of peraluminous and S-type granites. Micro-analytical techniques are employed to analyse accessory zircon and apatite from three TSS plutons (Criffell, Fleet and Shap) in order to investigate connections between magmatic and tectonic processes within a continental suture zone. Accessory minerals contain a robust and accessible record of magma evolution. However, their trace element compositions are shown to document the final stages of pluton emplacement only, and are determined primarily by competitive crystallisation of other accessory phases at shallow crustal levels. By contrast, whole-rock compositions record an earlier stage of magma evolution that occurred in deeper and open-system crustal hot zones. The absence of inherited zircon in the final crystal assemblage reflects resorption during rapid and potentially adiabatic ascent of super-liquidus and water-rich magmas from the crustal hot zone. The concentrations of REE in apatite inclusions decrease with increasing crystallisation of other accessory minerals and in some samples have been distinguished on the basis of their host phase. In metaluminous granodiorites, no preferred crystallisation sequence is observed between host phases. In peraluminous samples, zircon-hosted apatite compositions appear more primitive compared to those hosted by other phases and reflects earlier saturation of zircon in these magmas. The isotopic record of zircon is shown to be biased towards earlier stages of magma evolution in peraluminous magmas and provides a means of assessing zircon isotope compositions in the context of often protracted histories during silicic magma evolution. The Mn content of apatite varies independently to whole-rock composition, correlating positively with decreasing oxygen fugacity and indices of increasing reduction. Apatite is proposed as a robust and effective redox proxy with application to magmatic, detrital and lunar studies of redox conditions. Zircon O-HfU- Th-Pb isotope compositions have identified increasing degrees of compositional heterogeneity in more silicic components of the TSS, including the involvement of more mafic magmas in the generation of the large S-type pluton of Fleet. Compositional trends between zircons from plutons emplaced on both sides of the Iapetus Suture are used to identify a common Avalonian component beneath the Southern Uplands and English Lake District related to Avalonian underthrusting beneath the Laurentian margin during the late Caledonian. New geochronological dating indicates that pluton emplacement occurred during periods of both pre- and post-Acadian transtension. The distinguishing characteristics of these plutons relative to other Caledonian plutons reflect their unique emplacement into the hydrated lithosphere of the Iapetus Suture Zone. Oxygen isotope disequilibrium between the magmatic compositions recorded by zircon and those of the whole-rock and some quartz crystals reflect hydrothermal alteration of the latter two archives. Hydrothermal alteration and exchange caused by 18O-rich magmatic fluids has elevated the 18O compositions of the whole-rock and some quartz crystals, with most disequilibrium observed around the outer margins of the plutons due to further fluid interaction with local 18O-rich sediments. The hydrothermal history of the TSS is markedly different from that of the British Tertiary Igneous Province where hydrothermal alteration resulted from circulation of meteoric water, reflecting significantly different magmatic and emplacement histories.
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Books on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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C, White J. Accessory metals content of commercial titanium mineral concentrates. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Accessory metals content of commerical titanium mineral concentrates. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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C, White J. Accessory metals content of commercial titanium mineral concentrates. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.

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N, Anoshin G., ed. Rare earth elements in ultramafic and mafic rocks and their minerals: Minor and accessory minerals. London: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Lesnov, Felix P. Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and Their Minerals: Minor and Accessory Minerals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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Gerasimov, A., E. Kotova, and I. Ustinov. "Applied Mineralogy of Anthropogenic Accessory Minerals." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 70–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_16.

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Parat, Fleurice, François Holtz, and Martin J. Streck. "10. Sulfur-bearing Magmatic Accessory Minerals." In Sulfur in Magmas and Melts:, edited by Harald Behrens and James D. Webster, 285–314. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508370-010.

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Beran, Anton, and Eugen Libowitzky. "8. Water in Natural Mantle Minerals II: Olivine, Garnet and Accessory Minerals." In Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, edited by Hans Keppler and Joseph R. Smyth, 169–92. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509476-012.

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Cherniak, D. J. "18. Diffusion in Accessory Minerals: Zircon, Titanite, Apatite, Monazite and Xenotime." In Diffusion in Minerals and Melts, edited by Youxue Zahng and Daniele J. Cherniak, 827–70. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508394-019.

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Janoušek, Vojtěch, Jean-François Moyen, Hervé Martin, Vojtěch Erban, and Colin Farrow. "Trace Elements as Essential Structural Constituents of Accessory Minerals: The Solubility Concept." In Geochemical Modelling of Igneous Processes – Principles And Recipes in R Language, 129–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46792-3_13.

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"accessory (mineral)." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_10231.

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"characterizing accessory mineral." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_31610.

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I. Kostrovitsky, Sergey. "Mg-Ilmenite from Kimberlites, Its Origin." In Mineralogy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102676.

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The main regularities of the saturation of kimberlite rocks with the accessory mineral Mg-ilmenite (Ilm), the peculiarities of the distribution of Ilm compositions in individual pipes, in different clusters of pipes, in diamondiferous kimberlite fields, are considered as the example of studies carried out within the Yakutian kimberlite province (Siberian Craton). Interpretation of different crystallization trends in MgO-Cr2O3 coordinates (conventionally named “Haggerty’s parabola”, “Steplike”, “Hockey stick”, as well as the peculiarities of heterogeneity of individual zonal and polygranular Ilm macrocrysts made it possible to propose a three-stage model of crystallization Ilm: (1) Mg-Cr poor ilmenite crystallizing from a primitive asthenospheric melt; (2) Continuing crystallization in the lithospheric contaminated melt by MgO and Cr2O3; (3) Ilmenite subsequently underwent sub-solidus recrystallization in the presence of an evolved kimberlite melt under increasing oxygen fugacity (ƒO2) conditions.
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Cavosie, Aaron J., Christopher L. Kirkland, Steven M. Reddy, Nicholas E. Timms, Cristina Talavera, and Maya R. Pincus. "Extreme plastic deformation and subsequent Pb loss in shocked xenotime from the Vredefort Dome, South Africa." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(20).

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ABSTRACT Accessory mineral U-Pb geochronometers are crucial tools for constraining the timing of deformation in a wide range of geological settings. Despite the growing recognition that intragrain age variations within deformed minerals can spatially correlate to zones of microstructural damage, the causal mechanisms of Pb loss are not always evident. Here, we report the first U-Pb data for shock-deformed xenotime, from a detrital grain collected at the Vredefort impact structure in South Africa. Orientation mapping revealed multiple shock features, including pervasive planar deformation bands (PDBs) that accommodate up to 40° of lattice misorientation by &lt;100&gt;{010} slip, and also an ~50-µm-wide intragrain shear zone that contains {112} deformation twin lamellae in two orientations. Twenty-nine in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb analyses from all microstructural domains yielded a well-defined discordia with upper-intercept age of 2953 ± 15 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 0.57, n = 29, 2σ), consistent with derivation from Kaapvaal craton bedrock. However, the 1754 ± 150 Ma lower concordia intercept age falls between the 2020 Ma Vredefort impact and ca. 1100 Ma Kibaran orogenesis and is not well explained by multiple Pb-loss episodes. The pattern and degree of Pb loss (discordance) correlate with increased [U] but do not correlate to microstructure (twin, PDB) or to crystallinity (band contrast) at the scale of SIMS analysis. Numerical modeling of the Pb-loss history using a concordia-discordia-comparison (CDC) test indicated that the lower concordia age is instead best explained by an alteration episode at ca. 1750 Ma, rather than a multiple Pb-loss history. In this example, the U-Pb system in deformed xenotime does not record a clear signature of impact age resetting; rather, the implied high dislocation density recorded by planar deformation bands and the presence of deformation twins facilitated subsequent Pb loss during a younger event that affected the Witwatersrand basin. Microstructural characterization of xenotime targeted for geochronology provides a new tool for recognizing evidence of deformation and can provide insight into complex age data from highly strained grains, and, as is the case in this study, elucidate previously unrecognized alteration events.
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Quintero, Raiza R., Aaron J. Cavosie, Morgan A. Cox, Katarina Miljković, and Allison Dugdale. "Australian impact cratering record: Updates and recent discoveries." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(02).

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ABSTRACT There are currently 31 confirmed structures of impact origin in Australia. More than 49 additional structures have been proposed to have formed due to asteroid impact but await confirmation. Many discoveries have been made in Australia in the time since the last comprehensive review of the Australian impact cratering record was published in a peer-reviewed journal in 2005. These include further expanding the record of confirmed craters, and providing new insights into a variety of impact-related processes, such as shock deformation, phase transitions in accessory minerals, new impact age determinations, studies of oblique impacts, and more. This update is a review that focuses principally on summarizing discoveries made since 2005. Highlights since then include confirmation of five new Australian impact structures, identification of Earth’s oldest recognized impact structure, recognition of shock deformation in accessory minerals, discovery of the high-pressure phase reidite in Australia, determination of the links between impact craters and some ore deposits, and publication of the first generation of numerical hydrocode models for some Australian craters.
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Conference papers on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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Fisher, Chris, Jeffrey Vervoort, Ross Salerno, Da Wang, and Tony Kemp. "Early Earth decoupling of Hf-Nd isotopes: the accessory mineral perspective." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7002.

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Bell, Elizabeth, and Heather Kirkpatrick. "Accessory mineral micro-zircon inclusions uncover more complete magma compositional evolution records." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12207.

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Cottle, John M., Kyle P. Larson, and Chris Yakymchuk. "CONTRASTING ACCESSORY MINERAL BEHAVIOR IN MINIMUM-TEMPERATURE MELTS: EMPIRICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM THE HIMALAYAN METAMORPHIC CORE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-296084.

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Henze, Porter, Eric H. Christiansen, Bart J. Kowallis, Haley Webb, Lauren Franzen, Alec J. Martin, and Michael J. Dorais. "EXPLORING IGNEOUS ACCESSORY MINERAL TEXTURES: TITANITE FROM NOTCH PEAK GRANITE AND LITTLE COTTONWOOD STOCK, UTAH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-336948.

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Trail, Dustin. "MSA AWARD LECTURE: AN ACCESSORY MINERAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303171.

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Xing, Kai, David Lentz, and Qihai Shu. "CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE GIANT DAHEISHAN PORPHYRY MO DEPOSIT (NE CHINA) FROM ACCESSORY MINERAL GEOCHEMISTRY." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-351345.

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Cawood, Tarryn, Amy C. Moser, and Ariel Borsook. "LARAMIDE THRUSTING IN SE CALIFORNIA: NEW AGE CONSTRAINTS FROM LATE SYN-KINEMATIC PEGMATITES AND ACCESSORY MINERAL PETROCHRONOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335996.

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Denisova, Iu V. "History of accessory minerals from igneous rocks Subpolar Ural." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2019-103.

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Neri Semeri, G. G., F. Rovelli, G. F. Gensini, S. Pirelli, M. Carnovali, and A. Fortini. "FREVENTION OF MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION BY LOW DOSE HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643597.

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The effectiveness of low dose heparin in the prevention of myocardial reinfarction was investigated in a multi centric randomized controlled study. After having given their, informed consent to undergo daily subcutaneous heparin adninistratian, 728 patients of both sex aged 50-75 years, who had suffered frcm a transmural myocardial infarction 6-18 months before the enrollment and were in the I or II NYHA class were randomized. 365 patients (control group) were an the therapy usually performed by the 21 experimental canters participating in the study and 363 (heparin group) were treated with subcutaneous calcium heparin (Calciparina®) 12,500 IU daily in addition to the usual therapy of the centers. Curing enrollment the balancement of the two grcups was periodically checked for age, sex, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, site of infarction, arrhythmias and drug regimen. The prospect!vely established end-points were: transmural reinfarctioi as primary end-point; general mortality and mortality for cardiovascular events as accessory end-points over a mean follow-up period of 24 nxnths. Statistical analysis was foreseen both on drug efficacy (EE) and intention to treat (IT) basis. Patients of both groups underwent periodical examinations during the study. Acherence to the therapy and bone mineral content (bone density by double isotope technique) were also checked. At the end of the study the balancement for the factors considered was satisfactory and the drop-outs were 7.7% in heparin group and 6.3% in control group (ns). In heparin group the re infarction rate was lcwer by 62.92% than in control group. At life table analysis the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05 DE and p=0.05 IT). Mortality rate was reduced by 47.61% (DE) in heparin group (p<0.05 at life table analysis). Cardiovascular mortality was not significantly reduced (−33.06%), but the mortality attributable to thromboembolism was reduced in heparin group (p<0.05). Sixty patients (16.5%) discontinued heparin treatment, but only in 23 patients (6.3%) suspension was due to side effects.
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Cherniak, Daniele J. "DIFFUSION IN ACCESSORY MINERALS AND CONSTRAINTS ON TIMESCALES OF GEOLOGIC PROCESSES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318476.

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Reports on the topic "Accessory mineral"

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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, Z. Zajacz, and M. Fayek. Accessory mineral thermobarometry, trace element chemistry, and stable O isotope systematics, Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328986.

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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec, that is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate the P-T conditions of crystallization, and oxidation state of the MIC magmas, accessory minerals (zircon, rutile, titanite) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques (e.g., trace element thermobarometry). The resulting trace element and oxythermobarometric database for accessory minerals in the MIC represents the first examination of such parameters in an Archean magmatic complex in a world-class mineralized district. Mineral thermobarometry yields P-T constraints on accessory mineral crystallization consistent with the expected conditions of tonalite-trondhjemite-granite (TTG) magma genesis, well above peak metamorphic conditions in the DBL camp. Together with textural observations, and mineral trace element data, the P-T estimates reassert that the studied minerals are of magmatic origin and not a product of metamorphism. Oxygen fugacity constraints indicate that while the magmas are relatively oxidizing (as indicated by the presence of magmatic epidote, titanite, and anhydrite), zircon trace element systematics indicate that the magmas were not as oxidized as arc magmas in younger (post-Archean) porphyry environments. The data presented provides first constraints on the depth and other conditions of melt generation and crystallization of the MIC. The P-T estimates and qualitative fO2 constraints have significant implications for the overall model for formation (crystallization, emplacement) of the MIC and potentially related mineral deposits.
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Raicheva, Raya, Peter Marchev, Stoyan Georgiev, and Milan Ichev. Geochemistry, Mineral Composition and Conditions of Crystallization of Accessory-rich Gabbro Associated with Adakitic Rocks of the Drangovo Pluton, Rhodope Massif. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.02.09.

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Raicheva, Raya, Peter Marchev, Stoyan Georgiev, and Milan Ichev. Geochemistry, Mineral Composition and Conditions of Crystallization of Accessory-rich Gabbro Associated with Adakitic Rocks of the Drangovo Pluton, Rhodope Massif. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/grabs2018.2.09.

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Ames, D. E., and G. Tuba. Epidote-amphibole and accessory phase mineral chemistry as a vector to low-sulphide platinum group element mineralization, Sudbury: laser ablation ICP-MS trace element study of hydrothermal alteration. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296695.

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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, P. Mercier-Langevin, and M. Fayek. Ore mineralogy, pyrite chemistry, and S isotope systematics of magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralization associated with the Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328985.

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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. The MIC is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate genetic links between deposits and the MIC, mineralized samples from two of the epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems (Doyon and Grand Duc Au-Cu) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. Preliminary results indicate gold (as electrum) from both deposits occurs relatively late in the systems as it is primarily observed along fractures in pyrite and gangue minerals. At Grand Duc gold appears to have formed syn- to post-crystallization relative to base metal sulphides (e.g. chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite), whereas base metal sulphides at Doyon are relatively rare. The accessory ore mineral assemblage at Doyon is relatively simple compared to Grand Duc, consisting of petzite (Ag3AuTe2), calaverite (AuTe2), and hessite (Ag2Te), while accessory ore minerals at Grand Duc are comprised of tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3), volynskite (AgBiTe2), native Te, tsumoite (BiTe) or tetradymite (Bi2Te2S), altaite (PbTe), petzite, calaverite, and hessite. Pyrite trace element distribution maps from representative pyrite grains from Doyon and Grand Duc were collected and confirm petrographic observations that Au occurs relatively late. Pyrite from Doyon appears to have been initially trace-element poor, then became enriched in As, followed by the ore metal stage consisting of Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Pb-Cu enrichment and lastly a Co-Ni-Se(?) stage enrichment. Grand Duc pyrite is more complex with initial enrichments in Co-Se-As (Stage 1) followed by an increase in As-Co(?) concentrations (Stage 2). The ore metal stage (Stage 3) is indicated by another increase in As coupled with Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Sb-Pb-Ni-Cu-Zn-Sn-Cd-In enrichment. The final stage of pyrite growth (Stage 4) is represented by the same element assemblage as Stage 3 but at lower concentrations. Preliminary sulphur isotope data from Grand Duc indicates pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite all have similar delta-34S values (~1.5 � 1 permille) with no core-to-rim variations. Pyrite from Doyon has slightly higher delta-34S values (~2.5 � 1 permille) compared to Grand Duc but similarly does not show much core-to-rim variation. At Grand Duc, the occurrence of Au concentrating along the rim of pyrite grains and associated with an enrichment in As and other metals (Sb-Ag-Bi-Te) shares similarities with porphyry and epithermal deposits, and the overall metal association of Au with Te and Bi is a hallmark of other intrusion-related gold systems. The occurrence of the ore metal-rich rims on pyrite from Grand Duc could be related to fluid boiling which results in the destabilization of gold-bearing aqueous complexes. Pyrite from Doyon does not show this inferred boiling texture but shares characteristics of dissolution-reprecipitation processes, where metals in the pyrite lattice are dissolved and then reconcentrated into discrete mineral phases that commonly precipitate in voids and fractures created during pyrite dissolution.
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Thornell, Travis, Charles Weiss, Sarah Williams, Jennifer Jefcoat, Zackery McClelland, Todd Rushing, and Robert Moser. Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38721.

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Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
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