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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accession'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Basra, Hardeep K. "The Caribbean and WTO accession." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496774.

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An important task the WTO faces in pursuit of universality is the integration of nonmembers. Yet, becoming a member of the multilateral trade system is not easy. Accession to the WTO is a complicated and cumbersome process, which on average takes 10 years to complete. For a small state the task of joining the WTO is further protracted because its size poses certain development challenges when acquiring membership. Yet, accession for small states has not always been problematic.Accession jnder the GATT was far easier but under the WTO, accession ha come much more difficult. This thesis explores how accesion for a particular set of small states has changed through time, which it does by examining the Caribbean region. It examines how Caribbean states have joined the multilateral trade system and explores how changes in the accession process have shaped their accession experiences. The Caribbean makes an apposite case study, as not only does the region have a state, the Bahamas, currently in the queue to join the WTO, but it also has a number of states that have been members of ihe GATT/WTO for a long time, therefore permitting for research to tease out if the tuning of accession has an impact upon their accession experience. The thesis also examines whether the issue of smallness shapes accession and subsequent membership. In other words, the thesis explores whether institutional asymmetry affects the Caribbean states disproportionately because of the specificities of their political economies. It develops its argument by exploring the creation and evolution of the multilateral trade system with a key focus on aspects, which have had an impact upon accession. By utilising the conceptual framework of historical institutionalism the thesis argues Caribbean accession is shaped by the manner in which the multilateral trade system was created and evolved.

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2

Ghulam, Faisal. "Accession to the World Trade Organization : factors shaping the case of Saudi Arabia's accession (1985-2005)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/555/.

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It may be a case unique to the World Trade Organization(WTO) that an aspect of accession to the organization became an issue in itself. Since the WTO came into being in 1995, the process of accession has been a subject of intensive debate. It has been like this because of the extremely complicated nature of the process. The reason for such complexity is dual. On the one hand, an accession issue under consideration will be scrutinised in a manner that exceeds traditional trade concerns such as customs law, tariff schedule and related regulations on imports and exports to include items that might penetrate domestic legal and social boundaries. Such scrutiny, on the other hand, must satisfy all interested incumbent WTO members before accession is granted. This is normally done through an extensive and lengthy bilateral negotiation between the acceding country and the members with an interest in its application. Thus, the question of the WTO accession has become of attention grapping nature. In fact, following the establishment of the organization, the question of accession emerged as one of the various pressing WTO-related issues that attracted attention at both academic and practical levels. In this thesis, the WTO accession question will be examined with regard to the accession of Saudi Arabia. This was one of the most difficult and protracted accession processes and the thesis will concentrate on the factors that determined the WTO accession of this case. The literature on the WTO argues that the decision on any country’s accession is based on a set of generic factors. These include, for instance, integration in the world economy, locking in domestic reforms, opening new markets and attracting foreign investment. Although very important, the attempt to investigate the factors that shape a country’s desire to accede to the WTO– as examined in this study with respect to Saudi Arabia (seeking an accession in the face of the inherent complexities, liabilities and potential penetration of internal affairs) – requires answers that go further than these factors introduced in the literature. It is not the case that a country decides to join the WTO for particular reasons and the actual accession follows immediately. Accession is a process that takes a very long time and the issue of a country’s accession cannot possibly remain static throughout the time until its application is officially approved. This should be taken into account because it can produce some important questions. For example, will the internal perception and position of the parties involved remain the same during the period in which accession is being negotiated? Will the accession factors change over time to become more or less important? What are the politics involved? The answers to such questions will necessarily lead to a realisation that more elements than the aforementioned direct factors indicated in the literature need to be considered in order to understand WTO accession. However, examining questions of this nature, such as the politics involved in an accession case, would conceivably lead to some considerable particularities attached to a specific accession case and this applies to Saudi Arabia. The main question, then, that the study aims to answer is: what were the specific factors that shaped this accession case? In fact, the importance of the Saudi accession case is generally due to four factors: (a) the periods of varying intensity with respect to the negotiations themselves; (b) the protracted length of time taken to complete the accession process; (c) Saudi Arabia’s unique characteristics as a country; and (d) the fact that not much has been written about this accession process. Since the decision to join the WTO is intrinsically linked to trade policy, and as this normally involves a great deal of internal politics, the thesis supposes that studying the domestic interaction that was at play during the years of the accession process can best explain the accession of Saudi Arabia to the WTO. With regard to the importance of internal politics to the case, the thesis will focus on the domestic institutions and interests that the affected Saudi Arabia’s accession. In the process of doing this, external factors will also be taken into account.

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3

Lehner, William D. "An analysis of Naval Officer accession programs." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA479949.

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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resources Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Horner, Donald H., Jr. ; Mehay, Stephen L. "March 2008." Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jul 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-98).

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4

Kerr, Guillemette. "EU accession and decentralisation in the Czech Republic." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04603817001/$FILE/04603817001.pdf.

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5

Kokajeva, Ingrid. "Influence of Transparency Implications of Russia's WTO Accession /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00424986001/$FILE/00424986001.pdf.

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6

Eromenko, Igor. "Ukraines Accession to the WTO Computable General EquilibriumAnalysis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507313.

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7

Harvie, Christopher L. "An analysis of Navy Nurse Corps accession sources." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41387.

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This study analyzes the various Navy Nurse Corps (NC) accession sources for associated costs and retention rates for cohorts accessed between FY00 and FY13. Individual NC accessions data were obtained from the Bureau of Medicine Information System. A logistical regression model was used to analyze six- and 11-year retention rates. The findings indicate that accessing through the Medical Enlisted Commissioning Program and the Seaman to Admiral-21 (STA-21) have higher rates of retention at six and 11 years while the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) and the Nurse Candidate Program accessions had a lower overall likelihood of retention. The study finds that the most expensive accession source is the STA-21 program with a total cost of $196,744. Further findings show the least expensive accession source is Direct Procurement with a total cost of $25,000 per accession. However, the STA-21 program had the highest retention rate at six years at 91.23 percent. The NROTC program had the lowest retention rate at six years at 54.62 percent. The data analyzed in this research suggests that Bureau of Medicine should re-consider the NROTC NC program option due to high attrition.

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8

Williams, Margaret Susan. "Women judges: accession at the state court level." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092171263.

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9

Hooper, David A. "The basic underwater demolition/SEAL accession model determining the optimal number of junior officer accessions to meet end-strength goals." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5760.

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The mission of the Naval Special (NSW) community is to provide a versatile, responsive, and offensively focused force with continuous overseas presence in order to have strategic impact in missions that include special reconnaissance, direct action, unconventional warfare, and combating terrorism. Currently, the NSW community has large manpower gaps within the officer corps especially, at the Lieutenant Commander rank. This gap threatens the operational readiness of the NSW community, which in turn affects our national security. This thesis presents the development of the Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) Accession Calculator (BAC) which uses goal programming and Markov chain analysis to determine the optimal number of new accessions needed to enter the BUD/S training program to meet target end-strength goals for company grade ranks. By properly manning the junior ranks the Lieutenant Commander rank can be properly manned. The results demonstrate that the NSW community can closely meet target end-strength goals of 127 and 285 for Lieutenant Junior Grades and Lieutenants, respectively, with the 100 accessions to BUD/S every year. However, as the attrition rate fluctuates the number of accessions change. The most dramatic impact to BUD/S accession requirements is observed when attrition rate increases. Decrease in attrition rate show that small changes to accession requirements occur.

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10

Dross, William. "Le mécanisme de l'accession : élements pour une théorie de la revendication en valeur." Nancy 2, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457621.

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L’accession est une union de deux biens provoquant l'éviction du propriétaire de l'accessoire au profit du propriétaire du principal, cela à charge d'indemnisation. L’objet de ce travail est d'expliciter le mécanisme juridique conduisant à de tels effets. La doctrine en propose une analyse éclatée. L’acquisition / extinction de propriété serait le résultat nécessaire et automatique de l'union matérielle de deux biens corporels. Dans un second temps, ce déséquilibre patrimonial imposé par les choses serait compensé par un rétablissement construit par le droit sur le fondement de l'enrichissement sans cause et de la dette de valeur. La rigidité d'un tel mécanisme suscite alors tant les critiques que le désintérêt pour la matière. Nous défendons ici une approche unitaire de l'accession. En reconsidérant les hypothèses ou il est légitime de parler d'accession, il apparait que ses effets quant à la propriété de l'accessoire ne sont pas dictes par la matière mais bien par le droit positif, qui impose le maintien de l'unité structurelle ou économique formée par deux biens par-delà la divergence de leur appropriation. L’accession est donc une règle juridique à part entière qu'il faut expliquer. Concrètement, l'union des biens provoque un conflit entre leurs propriétaires respectifs, lesquels ne peuvent plus user de leur chose de manière exclusive, conflit qui sera résolu par l'éviction du propriétaire de l'accessoire. Techniquement, cette éviction est la conséquence du rejet de l'action en revendication qu'il intente contre le propriétaire du principal. Mais cette action n'est rejetée que dans la mesure où elle vise à une restitution en nature : elle peut donc prospérer en valeur. L’indemnité versée au titre de l'accession apparait alors comme la revendication en valeur de l'accessoire par son propriétaire. Est ainsi assurée l'unité du mécanisme de l'accession dans ses deux effets majeurs, éviction et indemnisation du propriétaire de l'accessoire.

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11

Kosekahyaoglu, Levent. "An analysis of the structure and determinants of Turkey-EU trade." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322838.

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12

Ghaffar, Uzma. "Estimation of Trade Effects of Sweden´s EU Accession." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-20036.

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13

Dudek, Carolyn Marie. "EU accession and Spanish regional development : winners and losers /." Bruxelles [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/378644718.pdf.

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14

Bergman, Edward M. "Sustainability of Clusters and Regions at Austria's Accession Edge." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3007/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2005_06.pdf.

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15

Schmidt, Juli, and Walter Colvin. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Navy Medical Corps Accession Programs." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6865.

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This study estimates and compares the retention rates of the various recruitment programs for the Navys Medical Corps officers. The study is designed to analyze whether current accession plans yield adequate retention rates to maintain the long-term viability of the Medical Corps. The data included 3,568 Medical Corps officers who accessed into the Navy between 1996 and 2006. For the purposes of this study, retention is defined as an officer staying one year past their initial minimum service obligation. Our results indicate that medical officers accessed via the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Direct Accession programs have higher retention rates compared to officers from the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship programs. These results hold true for female, male, and minority Medical Corps officers. Further research is recommended to fully quantify the cost of each accession program and their benefits on long- and short-term retention.

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16

Bernard, Joel P. "An Analysis of alternate accession sources for Naval Officers." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6093.

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This thesis analyzes the effect of commissioning source on the retention and promotion outcomes of Naval officers to the O-4 promotion point. In particular, this thesis analyzes differences in the joint probabilities of retention and promotion for Officers from each commissioning program. This study identifies improved measures of Navy officer performance and the relative cost-effectiveness of each commissioning program. A database of career milestones and productivity indicators for Navy officers from year groups 1983-1990 has been created from Navy Officer Data Card information and annual promotion board results through the career milestone point O-4. multivariate logit models of retention and promotion are specified to estimate the independent effect of accession source on URL and Restricted Line officer retention and promotion outcomes. The logit models control for other determinants of retention and promotion such as undergraduate experience and capital investment. Using an assumed steady-state flow of officers, differences in promotion and retention outcomes at various grades are used to estimate the number of accessions associated with producing a single O-4 from each commissioning program. Total lifecycle costs required to retain and promote these officers to the O-4 point are calculated and used as the basis for the cost-effectiveness analysis. The cost-effectiveness outcomes depend on whether marginal or average costs are used. However, the results suggest that for URL officers USNA is generally the most cost-effective commissioning program, but the ROTC-Contact program may be underutilized. Additionally, the results do not support the belief that having a technical degree is critical to success in the Navy.

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17

Tsalicoglou, Iacovos S. "The negotiation of Greece's accession to the European Communities." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760555.

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18

Karamanidou, Maria. "Women principals in Cyprus primary schools : barriers to accession." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42894/.

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This thesis focuses on the barriers that women principals face in Cypriot primary schools. This research had six aims including the overarching aim. The overarching aim of this research is to examine the career progress of female principals in Cyprus primary schools and to address the apparent under-representation of women in leadership positions. The research also aimed to establish the barriers that female leaders face in order to be promoted as principals, and how they can be overcome. Another aim was to establish how gender issues play a part in creating barriers to promotion as a school principal and how these may subsequently affect them in leading the school. A third consideration was to comprehend what barriers women may have faced in their childhood years and to establish whether, and to what extent, female leaders face internal and external barriers in Cyprus schools. The research also sought to identify the support or enablers that may facilitate women’s career progression. The enquiry was conducted using mixed method approaches, including both surveys and interviews. These quantitative and qualitative methods were combined to facilitate methodological triangulation. The data were collected sequentially, with the surveys preceding the interviews. This sequence was planned to obtain generalisable data first and to secure self-selected participants for the interviews. The quantitative data were collected through a whole population questionnaire survey administered to all women principals (C.187) in Cyprus primary schools, using Survey Monkey. Qualitative data were collected, from all twenty women principals who agreed to be interviewed. The findings show that societal culture and discrimination, the influence of the patriarchal family, family and domestic responsibilities, the intersection between women’s age, sex and the location of schools and professional development, were powerful influences on the career trajectory of these women primary school principals. These themes recur in several places, showing the pervasive nature of these influences on women principals in Cyprus. The thesis reports these findings and connects them to other literature on women principals. The present work is informed by contemporary feminist and gender theories.

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19

Falin, Jean. "La notion de plus-value en droit privé." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10008.

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La notion de plus-value en droit privé est une notion à laquelle la doctrine et la jurisprudence, principalement, ont attribué un double sens. Le terme désigne, à la fois, une valeur comptable, une simple écriture comptable, et un gain de capital, une richesse. L'étude du droit positif porte la trace de cette ambiguïté. En tant que gain de capital, la plus-value est au coeur de problèmes d'appropriation. Tout en ne l'identifiant pas avec les fruits et les revenus, la jurisprudence applique à la plus-value un régime juridique identique. La plus-value est attribuée au propriétaire du bien. Cette solution trouve sa justification dans une conception de la plus-value en tant qu'accroissement du capital. En fait, en tant que richesse, elle ne peut pas faire l'objet d'une appropriation. Elle est la représentation économique de l'augmentation de l'effectivité d'un pouvoir sur un chose. Elle est donc attachée à la propriété par le bien qu'elle représente. En tant que valeur comptable, la plus-value est l'indice économique du gain de valeur permettant de le quantifier, dans le cadre d'un rapport d'obligation entre le propriétaire et un tiers.

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20

Demir, Sirma. "Pre-accession Aid Of European Union The Prospects Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1082114/index.pdf.

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This thesis calculates the amount of pre-accession aid which will be given Turkey when Turkey starts accession negotiations with EU. By using Poland&
#8217
s receipts from pre-accession financial transfers of EU during its accession negotiations, the study makes expectation about Turkey&
#8217
s pre-accession aid. This thesis also attempts to ask the reality of this calculated value by looking at the budgetary situation of EU during Turkey&
#8217
s pre-accession period.

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21

Fura, Gashahun Lemessa. "Ethiopia's accession to the WTO: implications for the agricultural sector." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4286_1221731163.

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It is widely recognized that increased participation in international trade and investment can serve as an engine for economic growth and development.1 Implicit in international trade is the principle of comparative advantage that generally provides that states should trade with each other because they are better off by maximizing their production potential for some products and, through trade, obtain products they do not have or produce with less efficiency.2 Such comparative advantage, inter alia, presupposes a well-regulated trading system. Though attempts have been made to regulate the multilateral trading system by the GATT 1947 which was but meant to form only part of an agreement on the stillborn International Trade Organization (ITO), the first rule based World Trade Organization (WTO) was established only in 1995 and a number of countries have acceded to it thence. While there is no consensus on whether developing countries in general and the least developed countries (LDC s)4 in particular are beneficiaries of the system5, some countries have embarked on the accession process.6 Ethiopia is one such country.

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22

Rama, Valon. "The Enlargement of the European Union : The Conditions of Accession." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216624.

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23

Van, Nguyen Thi Anh. "ECONOMIC LAW REFORM IN VIETNAM : BEFORE AND AFTER WTO ACCESSION." Center for Asian Legal Exchange (CALE), Nagoya University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20342.

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24

Jablonski, Jaroslaw. "The key role of NATO accession on Poland's democratic transition." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5076.

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The accession of Poland into NATO in the spring of 1999 raises the question of how western attempts to transfer democratic institutions to new democracies in central Europe operated in reality as concerns reform and reaction. Among the obstacles to this process was a western ignorance about domestic social challenges and political conflicts. These go hand in hand with the process of democratic transition and show themselves starkly in the case of Polish politics, society and military institutions in the years before 1999. While transitioning to democracy, Poland experienced two types of threats: one from civilian politicians who tried to use the military to accomplish their political goals, and another from military officers with political ambitions. After the collapse of communism in 1989, Polish military forces remained highly visible in domestic politics for almost a decade and the issue of civil-military relations was at the center of government crises on three occasions. Democratic civilian control over military, a requirement to join NATO, became one of the primary political goals of an overwhelming majority of Polish elites since society saw the membership as the best guarantee of national security and a peaceful future. Politicians and government officials who didn't accept or understand this determination were eventually voted out, dismissed, or now exist on the fringes of political life. NATO's plan for Poland to move toward full membership in the alliance resulted in a peaceful democratic transition.

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25

Glusman, Justyna. "When is EU conditionality effective? : the terms of Poland's accession." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2999/.

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The aim of my thesis is to investigate the reasons behind the mixed effectiveness of the EU pre-accession conditionality applied to the Central Eastern European candidates for membership. The process of enlargement to the East, concluded in 2004 with the accession of ten new countries, involved an unprecedented scope of EU conditionality applied to the prospective members. However, as the findings of this research demonstrate, the results of the grand European project of policy transfer to its new members have been mixed. Using a one-country cross-policy framework, I try to answer some open questions arising from the empirical analysis that the literature on conditionality has not thus far answered. The study draws on Putnam's two-level game model (Putnam 1988), analyzing international negotiations in their dual, domestic and international context. In theoretical terms, the interest of the research is in the entanglement between domestic and international policy processes. The key claim is that external pressures must be matched with the specific domestic context since none of these variables alone can explain the dynamics of adaptation. The effectiveness of EU conditionality is contingent on the type of acquis communautaire and the presence or absence of opposition to the reforms. The project aims to identify which properties of this framework or their combinations facilitate adaptation and which, to the contrary, impede prompt adjustments. The findings from the case studies challenge the conventional static approach to conditionality and demonstrate how instrumentalization of the international (EU) level of the bargain at the national level may lead to endogenous changes of the latter, namely mobilization of the social interests. This effect could explain why conditionality has not been as effective as the asymmetric bargaining power and the material advantages of compliance would lead one to expect.

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26

Cluff, Taylor Denvin. "European Union Accession and the Future of Croatian Language Policy." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366247421.

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27

Saez, Aguayo Susana. "Caractérisation d'une accession d'Arabidopsis affectée dans la libération du mucilage." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0089.

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Les cellules épidermiques des téguments des graines d’Arabidopsis thaliana, espèce myxospermique, libèrent un halo de mucilage polysaccharidique lors de leur imbibition. Les polysaccharides du mucilage sont produits et accumulés au cours du développement de la graine, selon un processus de différenciation déjà largement décrit (Western et al. 2006). Au laboratoire, une mutation naturelle a été mise en évidence chez l’accession Djarly, dont les graines ne libèrent pas de mucilage au cours de leur imbibition. Le clonage positionnel a démontré que le locus affecté chez Djarly code pour un inhibiteur de pectine méthylestérase (PMEI6). Les PMEIs exercent un contrôle négatif sur l’activité des pectines méthylestérases (PME), enzymes qui déméthylestérifient les homogalacturonanes, par la formation d’un complexe PME-PMEI (Di Matteo et al., 2005 ; Hothorn et al., 2004). Des études génétiques, cytologiques et biochimiques ont prouvé que PMEI6 régule la méthylestérification des homogalacturonanes du mucilage et des parois cellulaires distales des cellules épidermiques de la graine retardant la libération du mucilage séminal. L’expression de PMEI6 dépend des régulateurs de transcription GLABRA2 et MUM1. L’activité PME dans les cellules épidermiques des graines est aussi modulée par la subtilisine serine protéase AtSBT1.7, et le phénotype additif du mutant pmei6 atsbt1.7 indique que PMEI6 régule d’autres PMEs. Djarly fait partie d’un groupe de vingt accessions, dont les graines flottent à cause de modifications des propriétés du mucilage séminal. Ces accessions portent au moins dix mutations indépendantes, qui affectent au moins 4 locus différents. Cette étude nous a permis de proposer que la modification des propriétés du mucilage est impliquée dans l’adaptation à l’environnement local, permettant la dispersion à longue distance des graines par l’eau
Upon imbibition, the myxospermous seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana, form a mucilage from hydrated polysaccharides released from the epidermal cells of the seed coat. These polysaccharides are produced and accumulated during seed development in a differentiation process that has been described in detail (Western et al. 2006). A screen of Arabidopsis accessions identified Djarly as a natural mucilage mutant affected in mucilage release on imbibition. The locus defective in Djarly was identified by map-based cloning as encoding a pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI6). Theseproteinaceous inhibitors negatively control the activity of pectin methylesterases (PME), enzymes that demethylesterify HG, through the formation of a PME-PMEI complex (Di Matteo et al., 2005; Hothorn et al, 2004). Genetic, cytological and biochemical studies demonstrated that PMEI6 regulates methylesterification of homogalacturonans present in mucilage and the outer cell wall of seed coat epidermal cells. Delayed seed mucilage release in pmei6 mutants results, therefore, from the reduced level of homogalacturonan methylesterification. Expression of PMEI6 required the transcription regulators GLABRA2 and MUM1. PME activity in seed coat epidermal cells is also modulated by the subtilisin serine protease AtSBT1.7, and the additive phenotype of pmei6 atsbt1.7 mutants indicates that PMEI6 regulates different PMEs. Djarly is one of twenty accessions where seeds float due to modifications of mucilage properties. At least ten independent mutations are responsible for the mucilage modifications in these accessions, affecting at least 4 different loci. This study has led us to propose that these mucilage modifications are local adaptations that allow longdistance seed disperal on water

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28

Breuss, Fritz. "Austria's approach towards the European Union." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1996. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1694/1/document.pdf.

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... In my contribution I will tell in short the long story how Austria approached the European Union (EU). For other EU applicants this may not serve as a model blueprint, but it shows the particular problems a country has to tackle with when engaging to become a member of Europe's mightiest economic powers. Austria's roads to Europe were by no means straight. In contrast, we made many roundabouts and sidesteps. This, however, is not a problem unique to Austria. The double-trackedness of European integration in the sixties (EC versus EFTA integration) has caused enormous frictions and ineffiencies which resulted in a sub-optimal growth process in Europe and unused welfare potentials. In the case of Austria one can demonstrate that the splitting of integration in Europe was not very helpful for Austria's economic development. (excerpt)
Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

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29

Chartrand, Frédéric. "Le régime d'accession à la propriété : une analyse théorique de son impact sur la demande de logement." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.

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30

Maeder, Tamara K. "The cost and benefits of the Navy Nurse Corps accession sources." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374063.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999.
"December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): William R. Gates, William D. Hatch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52). Also available online.

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31

Whitton, Christopher Lyall. "The rhetoric of accession : Tacitus' early historical works as Trajanic legitimation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252071.

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32

Sonmez, Yontem. "Turkey on the way to EU accession : Migration and trade issues." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500184.

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Bowers, Ryan W. "Pre-accession factors in the performance and retention of Hispanic enlistees." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45164.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis applies quantitative methods to analyze the effect of pre-accession characteristics and early career experiences on the first-term attrition, retention, and fast-track promotion rates of Hispanic and non-Hispanic enlistees in the United States Navy. Using data from the Personalized Recruiting for Immediate and Delayed Enlistment system and the Defense Manpower Data Center for enlistees that joined the Navy in FY 2001–2009, followed during their careers until FY 2013 or separation, the multivariate analysis main findings show that Hispanics serving in the Navy appear to be well adjusted to military service. These sailors are serving critical roles around the world, and, based on attrition and retention metrics, perform somewhat better than their non-Hispanic counterparts. On the other hand, Hispanic sailors are promoting at somewhat slower rates than their non-Hispanic peers. Based on the findings of this thesis, recommendations are formulated to support interventions that can make the U.S. Navy a stronger, more diverse organization.

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Sharra, Matthew D. "U.S. Naval Officer accession sources: promotion probability and evaluation of cost." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45939.

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This thesis explores the promotion probability to lieutenant commander (O-4) and commander (O-5) of major naval officer accession sources. This is important because there have been few studies to analyze the possible correlation of promotion relating to accession source and cost effectiveness. I used multivariate regression to examine the possibility of promotion of naval officers from the United States Naval Academy (USNA), Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps, and Officer Candidate School (OCS) who commissioned between fiscal years 1990 and 2000. My results showed OCS officers, on average, had a higher probability of promotion to O-4 and USNA officers, on average, had a higher probability of promotion to O-5. My regression also showed officers with graduate degrees, on average, had an increased probability of promotion in comparison to those who did not. OCS officer accessions had lower marginal costs due to shortened training timelines and post-commissioning training costs were similar for all three sources.

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Scarpitta, Lara. "Justice and home affairs and Romania's accession to the European Union." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/473/.

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When compared to the other candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe, Romania emerged as a laggard of transition. Its integration into the European Union has been marked by much uncertainty and setbacks, as well as profound delays in fulfilling the EU's entry conditions. As a difficult case, the dynamics of Romania's EU accession provide insight into the potential and limits of the EU's leverage, revealing how domestic factors can be decisive in constraining external influence. Focusing on the reform trajectory in the fields of judiciary reforms, anti-corruption and external border policies between 1989 and 2007, this study assesses the interaction between EU politics and domestic politics and the role of domestic factors in slowing down internal reforms. By identifying the domestic conditions under which conditionality is likely to more, or less, successful, this study contributes to the Europeanization and enlargement literature. By assessing the preparations for accession in the field of Justice and Home Affairs, this research also fills a major lacuna in the existing specialised literature.

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Marciano, Paul. "L' accession de l'enfant à la Connaissance : psycho-dynamique de l'Epistémophilie." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30036.

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L’accès de l’ enfant à la Connaissance a comme ressort l’épistémophilie. Elle est elle même fonction des étapes libidinales traversées. C’est dire que les conceptions psychodynamiques constituent notre principal référentiel. Nous avons donc repris les travaux de M. KLEIN et de ses continuateurs dans la mesure où ils ont situé le ventre maternel et la mère elle-même comme le point de convergence des manœuvres exploratoires de l’enfant. Il doit en effet tenter de répondre à de déterminantes interrogations concernant ses origines et en particulier l’avant sa naissance, sa confection, la représentation qu’il peut tenter d’avoir de sa vie intra-utérine et l’après… Ces prospections épistémophiliques nous semblent animées chez l’enfant par son souhait et sa crainte combinés de rencontrer le désamour, voire la haine des parents qu’il peut d’ailleurs provoquer pour mieux en apprécier la mesure. Cependant le plus souvent la détermination pacificatrice prévaut grâce à cette co-épistémophilie qui reviendrait pour les parents comme pour l’enfant, à connaître l’Autre dans l’autre et l’Autre en soi. Ainsi la Connaissance serait par essence même du côté du Sacré. Elle favoriserait l’assomption de l’enfant auprès de la communauté des hommes… Enfin notre matériel d’études est quant à lui constitué par les observations cliniques des enfants suivis en consultations ou en hospitalisations et présentant des difficultés cognitives accompagnées ou non d’échecs scolaires. Nous nous sommes donc efforcé de resituer cette fois l’épistémophobie dans son acception psychodynamique. Nous avons enfin tenté de proposer quelques idées directrices pour la prise en charge
Children’s access to Knowledge is driven by epistemophilia. Epistemophilia is itself a function of the libidinal stages undergone. This is to say that psychodynamic conceptions constitute our principal system of reference. We have, accordingly, taken up the work of Mr Klein and his successors again, insofar as they sited the point of convergence of a child’s exploratory manoeuvres in the mother’s womb and in the mother herself. Children must, in fact, attempt to answer determining questions concerning their origins, in particular, the time before their birth, their creation and the understanding they may attempt to obtain of their life in the womb and the time thereafter. . . To us, these epistemophilial explorations in children seem to be driven by their combined desire and fear to confront their parents’ disillusionment, or even hatred, which, moreover, may be provoked to better assess its measure. However, more often than not, the determination to pacify prevails, thanks to this co-epistemophilia which, for parents as for children, amounts to recognising oneself in the other and the other in oneself. Thus Knowledge could essentially even be considered Sacred. Knowledge could encourage a child’s acceptance within the human community. . . Finally, our study material has been compiled through the clinical observation of children presenting cognitive difficulties, coupled or not with failures in school, who were monitored during the course of consultations with a doctor or treatment in hospital. We have therefore endeavoured this time to put epistemophobia, in its psychodynamic sense, back in context. Finally, we have attempted to suggest a few guiding principals for the reimbursement of medical expenses

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Gonzales, Jose. "The relevance of retention behavior in the development of accession strategy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FGonzales.pdf.

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38

Jablonski, Jaroslaw. "The key role of NATO accession on Poland"s democratic transition /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FJablonski.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Thomas Bruneau. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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Sickorez, Robert D. "Allocating Air Force career field accession targets : an optimization-based tool." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FSickorez.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Operations Research))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): David H. Olwell, W. Matthew Carlyle. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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40

Wunsch, N. L. "Unpacking differential empowerment : civil society mobilisation in the EU accession process." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1516147/.

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Can civil society actors use the EU accession process to empower themselves at the domestic level? Comparing civil society mobilisation in the rule of law across Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia, this thesis demonstrates that the strategic usage of EU-related shifts in the political opportunity structure have allowed civil society actors to strengthen their position in two regards. First, they were able to enhance their formal involvement in domestic policy-making by pushing collectively for improved consultation procedures and devising innovative extra-institutional mobilisation formats to feed into the ongoing reform process. Second, and to a more limited extent, they succeeded in shaping a number of substantial policy outcomes thanks to effective framing and the uploading of demands into the EU’s conditionality. The empirical analysis builds on extensive fieldwork combining semi-directive interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis. Combining social movement theory and Europeanisation research, the thesis puts forward a theoretical framework that integrates both structural shifts induced by the Europeanisation process and the role of domestic agency in recognizing new opportunities and transforming them into domestic impact. In contrast to earlier critical studies, it suggests that professionalisation was crucial in enabling civil society actors to build the capacities and expertise necessary to feed into domestic policy-making processes. At the same time, the empirical findings show how an overreliance upon EU leverage may be effective in the short run, but lacks sustainability for long-term empowerment once EU pressures subside in the post-accession phase. Finally, the comparative analysis of mobilisation strategies across three country case studies highlights the importance of transnational learning, whereby the disappointing experience of Croatian civil society actors decisively informed the approach adopted by their counterparts in Montenegro and Serbia, leading to their earlier and more promising involvement from the early stages of the accession negotiations.

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Lam, To Trang. "L’acquisition de la propriété par accession des biens en droit vietnamien : comparaison avec la France." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40041/document.

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La propriété est respectée comme un droit inviolable et sacré en France depuis 1789 en vertu de l’article 17 de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen. Cependant, au Vietnam, par effet de la colonisation, la législation civile avant 1980 n’a pas obtenu des résultats remarquables, particulièrement en matière de la propriété. Actuellement, après le Code Napoléon de 1804 en France ou le Code civil de 1995 au Vietnam, les biens et la propriété jouent un rôle important dans les deux systèmes juridiques. Le Code civil français déclare que l’accession est une mode d’acquisition originaire, à côté des modes d’acquisition dérivés, de la propriété des biens. Par les dispositions diverses concernant la propriété dans le Code civil de 2005, le droit vietnamien constate tacitement le droit d’accession comme une manière d’acquérir de la propriété. Les propositions concernant l’accession des biens dans le droit civil vietnamien, en revanche, ne sont pas suffisantes et systématiques
The property is respected as a sacred and an inviolable right in France from 1789 according to article 17 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, due to the colonization, the Vietnamese civil legislation before 1980 didn’t achieved outstanding results, especially in the property. Currently, after the Napoleonic Code of 1804 in France or the Civil Code of 1995 in Vietnam, the properties and ownership right play an important role in both two legal systems. The French Civil Code states that accession is an original mode of acquisition, together with derived modes of acquisition, of the ownership right of properties. By various provisions related to the property in the Civil Code of 2005, the Vietnamese law tacitly recognizes that accession is a way to acquire the ownership right. The provisions in the civil law of Vietnam on accession of properties, however, are not sufficient and systematic

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42

Czifra, Vanda. "The Competitiveness of the Hungarian Agri-Food Sector : From Transition to Accession." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7073.

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The Hungarian agricultural sector has undergone substantial changes between 1992 and 2003, which was a period of transformation from command economy to an EU-conform market economy. The question is whether the Hungarian agricultural sector was able to keep its competitiveness despite the extensive transformation. The aim of this paper is to measure the competitiveness of Hungarian agri-food product groups in relation to the ones of the EU-15 during the transformation period. Results indicate that the competitiveness, measured by revealed comparative advantage (RCA), of the studied agri-food product groups has not changed considerably. The strong position of the Hungarian agricultural sector could be maintained because its competitiveness is based on factor endowments, which are not affected by changes of economic policy. The observed moderate fluctuations of competitiveness can be derived to trade concession changes.

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Septar, Leila. "An Analysis Of The Romanian Public Affairs Management In The Accession Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607374/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the lobbying process taking place within the comitology committees of the European Union responsible with the the implementation process of the employment policy. It presents a critical view on the EU decision-making and implementation processes by studing the way these could be influenced by using public affairs management instruments. The European Union accession negotiations of the Romanian case is taken as a case study to exemplify on the professionalism of a lobby group in formation and assess the chances that a new member state has in order to effectively influence the policy formulation and implementation process at the European level.

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44

Aurrecoechea, Ignacio. "Legal issues of Spain's accession to the European Community : the Basque example." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390606.

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45

Tocci, Nathalie. "EU accession dynamics and conflict resolution : the case of Cyprus, 1988-2002." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1719/.

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Since 1993, the European Commission, the EU member states and the Republic of Cyprus raised the expectation that the prospect of Cyprus' EU membership would act as a catalyst for a settlement of the island's conflict. Yet throughout the 1990s the divisions between the positions of the principal parties widened. In addition, the 1990s witnessed an escalation of tensions in the Easter Mediterranean, between Greece and Turkey, as well as between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. The 2002 negotiations failed to deliver an agreement, bringing closer the prospect of an unintended consolidation of the green line dividing the island. This study analyses the case of Cyprus and the EU with three objectives in mind. First, it explores the inter-relationship between the evolution of the conflict and the development of EU-Cyprus relations within the accession process. Why did the EU accession process fail to catalyse a settlement on the island, or at least a rapprochement between the conflicting parties. Second, it explains the factors driving the conduct of EU policies towards the conflict. Finally, this study seeks to show that the European Union framework could have added important incentives for a settlement and resolution of the conflict by providing an alternative context within which to address the basic needs of the principal parties. The case of Cyprus casts a different light on the problems involved in mobilising the EU's multi-level framework of governance in the field of external relations, particularly in situations of active or latent crisis, typical of ethno-political conflicts.

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Morben, Darrel M. "A simulation study of an optimization model for surface nuclear accession planning." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26247.

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47

Gurtner, Francois J. "Accession countries' path to the Euro in light of Argentina's financial crisis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/334.

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Lendvai, NoeÌmi. "Critical dialogues : EU accession and the transformation of post-communist social policy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424045.

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Krawczyk, Ewa. "Post-accession Polish migrants' in London : transnational identities and changing settlement strategies." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844873/.

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This thesis explores the networks, life courses and outlooks of Polish post-accession migrants in London. Aside from investigating both social and economic integration approaches, the thesis also examines migrants’ settlement strategies, highlighting their fluid and shifting character. The first two empirical chapters analyse respectively the economic and social aspects of Polish newcomers’ migration trajectories in London. They not only demonstrate what the key motivations for migration are (i.e. predominantly the financial pull-factor), but also depict migrants’ attempts to seek what they regard as a normal socio-emotional quality of life throughout their trajectories in London. This discussion also connects to notions of home and belonging as well as migrants’ views of where they would eventually intend to settle down, which the last two empirical chapters aim to illustrate. This research has been situated within the literature of post-war migration movements that explore the concepts of migrant community, ethnic diversity, cultural identity, hybridity, global economic mobility and finally transnationalism. The experiences of Polish post-accession migrants to Britain connect to many of these themes, particularly in relation to the ways migrants negotiate their economic aspirations, socio-cultural identity and belonging. The research itself consists of qualitative interviews with fifty-two Polish post-accession migrants to London and participant observations in a variety of social and community gatherings. This thesis contributes to the existing study on global economic mobility, transnational networks and liquid identity through exploring factors that affect migrants’ adaptation strategies into the socio-economic structures of the receiving society. Furthermore, my research advances the study of post-accession mobility involving Central and Eastern European migrants. While investigating the trajectories of Polish migrants living in London, I scrutinise the dynamic character of their migration motivations, occupational advancement as well as a powerful role of their networks (both local and transnational) on the evolvement of their identity and their changing plans for the future. The empirical findings of the study emphasize that the character of Polish post-accession mobility within the enlarged European Union goes far beyond a simple definition of economic migration. The complexity of socio-economic factors lying behind migrants’ narratives in Britain underlines the many challenges that they confront when competing for better work opportunities or attempting to establish their new social networks. Along with negotiating their status of foreign workers with a non-British socio-cultural background, Polish migrants develop their settlement strategies which are, to a degree, liquid and subject to their changing life priorities.

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Lazar, Jessica. "1603 - the wonderfull yeare : literary responses to the accession of James I." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0b0e575-da98-405d-81d8-8ddd0bf53924.

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'1603. The Wonderfull Yeare: Literary Responses to the Accession of James I' argues that when James VI of Scotland was proclaimed James I of England on 24 March 1603, the printed verse pamphlets that greeted his accession presented him as a figure of hope and promise for the Englishmen now subject to his rule. However, they also demonstrate hitherto unrecognized concerns that James might also be a figure of threat to the very national strength, Protestant progress, and moral, cultural, and political renaissance for which he was being touted as harbinger and champion. The poems therefore transform an insecure and undetermined figure into a symbol that represents (and enables) promise and hope. PART ONE explores how the poetry seeks to address the uncertainty and fragility, both social and political, that arose from popular fears about the accession; and to dissuade dissenters (and make secure and unassailable the throne, and thereby the state of England), through celebration of the new monarch. Perceived legal, political, and dynastic concerns were exacerbated by concrete difficulties when James was proclaimed King of England, and so he was more than fifty miles from the English border (only reaching London for the first time in early May); his absence was further prolonged by plague; this plague also deferred the immediate sanction of public festivities that should have accompanied his July coronation. An English Jacobean icon was configured in literature to accommodate and address these threats and hazards, neutralizing fears surrounding the idea of the accession with confidence in the idea of the king it brings. In the texts that respond to James's accession we observe his appropriation as a figure of hope and promise. PART 2 looks to more personal hopes and fears, albeit within the national context. It considers how the poets engage with the King's own established iconography and intentions, publicly available to view within his own writing - and especially poetry. The image that is already established there has the potential either to obstruct or to enable national and personal causes and ambitions (whether political, religious, or cultural). The poetry therefore develops strategies to negotiate with and so appropriate the King's own self-fashioning.

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