Relevant bibliographies by topics / Accessible categories

Academic literature on the topic 'Accessible categories'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Accessible categories"

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Borceux, Francis, and Carmen Quinteriro. "Enriched accessible categories." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 54, no. 3 (December 1996): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700021900.

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We consider category theory enriched in a locally finitely presentable symmetric monoidal closed category ν. We define the ν-filtered colimits as those colimits weighted by a ν-flat presheaf and consider the corresponding notion of ν-accessible category. We prove that ν-accessible categories coincide with the categories of ν-flat presheaves and also with the categories of ν-points of the categories of ν-presheaves. Moreover, the ν-locally finitely presentable categories are exactly the ν-cocomplete finitely accessible ones. To prove this last result, we show that the Cauchy completion of a small ν-category Cis equivalent to the category of ν-finitely presentable ν-flat presheaves on C.
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Rosický, J. "Accessible Model Categories." Applied Categorical Structures 25, no. 2 (November 24, 2015): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10485-015-9419-6.

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PARÉ, R., and J. ROSICKÝ. "Colimits of accessible categories." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 155, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004113000030.

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AbstractWe show that any directed colimit of accessible categories and accessible full embeddings is accessible and, assuming the existence of arbitrarily large strongly compact cardinals, any directed colimit of accessible categories and accessible embeddings is accessible.
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Barr, Michael. "Embedding of Accessible Regular Categories." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 32, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1989-035-0.

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Rosický, Jiří. "Accessible categories, saturation and categoricity." Journal of Symbolic Logic 62, no. 3 (September 1997): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275577.

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AbstractModel-theoretic concepts of saturation and categoricity are studied in the context of accessible categories. Accessible categories which are categorical in a strong sense are related to categories of M-sets (M is a monoid). Typical examples of such categories are categories of λ-saturated objects.
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Crivei, Septimiu, Mike Prest, and Blas Torrecillas. "Covers in finitely accessible categories." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 138, no. 04 (April 1, 2010): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-09-10178-8.

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KARAZERIS, PANAGIS, APOSTOLOS MATZARIS, and JIŘÍ VELEBIL. "Final coalgebras in accessible categories." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 21, no. 5 (July 27, 2011): 1067–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129511000351.

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We propose a construction of the final coalgebra for a finitary endofunctor of a finitely accessible category and study conditions under which this construction is available. Our conditions always apply when the accessible category is cocomplete, and is thus a locally finitely presentable (l.f.p.) category, and we give an explicit and uniform construction of the final coalgebra in this case. On the other hand, our results also apply to some interesting examples of final coalgebras beyond the realm of l.f.p. categories. In particular, we construct the final coalgebra for every finitary endofunctor on the category of linear orders, and analyse Freyd's coalgebraic characterisation of the closed unit as an instance of this construction. We use and extend results of Tom Leinster, developed for his study of self-similar objects in topology, relying heavily on his formalism of modules (corresponding to endofunctors) and complexes for a module.
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Adámek, Jiřı́, Francis Borceux, Stephen Lack, and Jiřı́ Rosický. "A classification of accessible categories." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 175, no. 1-3 (November 2002): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4049(02)00126-3.

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LIEBERMAN, M., and J. ROSICKÝ. "CLASSIFICATION THEORY FOR ACCESSIBLE CATEGORIES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 81, no. 1 (March 2016): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2014.85.

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AbstractWe show that a number of results on abstract elementary classes (AECs) hold in accessible categories with concrete directed colimits. In particular, we prove a generalization of a recent result of Boney on tameness under a large cardinal assumption. We also show that such categories support a robust version of the Ehrenfeucht–Mostowski construction. This analysis has the added benefit of producing a purely language-free characterization of AECs, and highlights the precise role played by the coherence axiom.
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CRIVEI, SEPTIMIU. "ON KRULL–SCHMIDT FINITELY ACCESSIBLE CATEGORIES." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 84, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972711002085.

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AbstractLet 𝒞 be a finitely accessible additive category with products, and let (Ui)i∈Ibe a family of representative classes of finitely presented objects in 𝒞 such that each objectUiis pure-injective. We show that 𝒞 is a Krull–Schmidt category if and only if every pure epimorphic image of the objectsUiis pure-injective.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accessible categories"

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Hu, Hongde. "Dualities for accessible categories." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39545.

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In this work we prove dualities for Diers categories, Barr categories and small Barr-exact categories. The latter duality solves a problem of M. Makkai. Further, we prove a stronger version of the strong completeness theorem on $ kappa$-Barr-exact categories. Finally we prove that an accessibly embedded subcategory of a locally presentable category satisfies the solution-set condition if it is accessible. This improves work of J. Adamek and J. Rosicky on injectivity in locally presentable categories.
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Books on the topic "Accessible categories"

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Jiří, Adámek. Locally presentable and accessible categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Makkai, Mihály, and Michael Makkai. Accessible categories: The foundations of categorical model theory. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1989.

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Afanasenko, Ivan, and Vera Borisova. Logistics in the system of total knowledge. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1521266.

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In the monograph, logistics is presented in an unusual form - as an element of a system of general, aggregate knowledge. This allowed the authors to reach new levels of knowledge and solve a number of complex problems. The scientific theory of logistics is presented as a system of laws, categories and principles ordered according to internal causal necessity and explaining the nature of economic flows. The scientific substantiation of the complete logistics system as a set of complexes of activities and resistances is given. Using the example of the functioning of logistics flows, the effect of the law of selection and the law of measure is shown in the form of a struggle of forms, in which more perfect forms survive, and less perfect forms are destroyed. A strict scientific approach, the richness of the text with information are combined with an accessible way of presentation, which allows the book to be addressed to a wide range of readers.
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Dvoryanskov, Ivan, Elena Antonyan, Sergey Borovikov, Natal'ya Bugera, Aleksandr Grishko, Irina Efremova, Aleksey Zhitkov, et al. Criminal law. General part. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1246681.

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The textbook is prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, federal laws, international legal acts. The concepts, categories and institutions of the General Part of criminal Law are considered in detail. All changes in the criminal legislation have been taken into account, and the latest scientific, educational and methodological literature on criminal law has been used. The material is presented in an accessible form for effective assimilation of the training course. The publication contains regulatory legal material as of May 1, 2021. Meets the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation in the areas of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence", 40.05.01 "Legal support of national security", 40.05.02 "Law enforcement", 40.05.03 "Forensic examination", 40.05.04 "Judicial and prosecutorial activities". For students, cadets, trainees studying in these areas of training, judges, law enforcement officers, as well as for anyone interested in criminal law issues.
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Adamek, Jiri. Local Presentable Accessible Categories. Cambridge Univ*@ Press, 1994.

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Adamek, J., and J. Rosicky. Locally Presentable and Accessible Categories. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Adamek, J., and J. Rosicky. Locally Presentable and Accessible Categories. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Landry, Elaine, ed. Categories for the Working Philosopher. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.001.0001.

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Borrowing from the title of Saunders Mac Lane’s seminal work Categories for the Working Mathematician, this book aims to bring the concepts of category theory to philosophers working in areas ranging from mathematics to proof theory to computer science to ontology, from physics to biology to cognition, from mathematical modeling to the structure of scientific theories to the structure of the world. Moreover, it aims to do this in a way that is accessible to a general audience. Each chapter is written by either a category-theorist or a philosopher working in one of the represented areas, and in a way that is accessible and is intended to build on the concepts already familiar to those philosophers working in these areas.
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Gelb, Douglas J. Introduction to Clinical Neurology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190467197.001.0001.

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Newly updated to reflect recent discoveries, the fifth edition of Introduction to Clinical Neurology covers all the take home points beneficial to everyone who relies on this quick and handy guide. This book focuses on the "how" and "why" of clinical neurology. It includes extensive factual material about individual disease processes, but the emphasis is on information that is important for understanding why patients with neurologic conditions are managed the way they are. This book covers what clinicians need to know in order to assess and manage the patients they will encounter in general medical practice, including the application of a logical approach to diagnosis, neurologic examination and how to interpret the findings, and the management of specific disease categories and symptoms. A highly accessible and engaging text, this is the go-to in all things neurology.
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Reimann, Mathias, and Reinhard Zimmermann, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199296064.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law provides a wide-ranging and highly diverse survey as well as a critical assessment of comparative law at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It summarizes and evaluates a discipline that is time-honoured but not easily understood in all its dimensions. The book contains forty-three articles. The aim of each article is to provide an accessible, original, and critical account of comparative law in its respective area. Each article also includes a short bibliography referencing the definitive works in the field. The book is divided into three main sections. Section I surveys how comparative law has developed and where it stands today in various parts of the world. This includes not only traditional model jurisdictions, such as France, Germany, and the United States, but also other regions like Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Latin America. Section II discusses the major approaches to comparative law — its methods, goals, and its relationship with other fields, such as legal history, economics, and linguistics. Finally, Section III deals with the status of comparative studies in over a dozen subject matter areas, including the major categories of private, economic, public, and criminal law.
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Book chapters on the topic "Accessible categories"

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Makkai, Michael, and Robert Paré. "Chapter 4: Sketching accessible categories." In Contemporary Mathematics, 67–96. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/104/04.

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Makkai, Michael, and Robert Paré. "Chapter 2: Accessible categories and functors." In Contemporary Mathematics, 17–38. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/104/02.

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Makkai, Michael, and Robert Paré. "Chapter 5: Limits and colimits of accessible categories." In Contemporary Mathematics, 97–140. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/104/05.

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Makkai, Michael, and Robert Paré. "Chapter 6: Limits and colimits in accessible categories." In Contemporary Mathematics, 141–64. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/104/06.

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Mazzeo, Giuseppe. "Domitian Coast. Rehabilitation’ outlooks of the Northern coast of Campania." In Proceedings e report, 270–79. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.27.

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Object of the paper is the Domitian Coast, belonging to the North-West of Campania Region, characterized by contrasting factors. The fertility of the soil and the considerable length of an easily accessible and available coastline are threatened by an indiscriminate exploitation of the ground for anthropogenic uses. The paper analyses the Domitian territory and the issues characterizing this particular area on the basis of three categories of elements. The second part indicates the possible intervention policies set up to redevelop this territory.
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Stracke, Christian M., Daniel Burgos, and Ahmed Tlili. "Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–22. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_95-1.

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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the instructional quality and learning design of different categories of online courses and their history, with a special focus on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Online courses have a long tradition that has gained public attention, broad interest, and huge numbers of participants thanks to the introduction of free MOOCs accessible online for all interested learners worldwide. In this chapter, we first define MOOCs, their characteristics, and history. Afterward, theoretical frameworks and practical instruments and tools based on scientific research are presented. From the beginning, the quality of MOOCs (and of online courses in general) has been debated. That led to discussions about the learning design and outcomes of MOOCs, which we introduce in the next section. Key research findings and practical validated instruments for designing and evaluating MOOCs (and online courses in general) are presented. Then following, the key benefits of MOOCs and the main arguments and scenarios for their usage are summarized. Based on our analysis of the research results, practices, and standards, a framework for categories and types of (massive open) online courses is proposed, called the typologies of online courses (TOC) framework. As part of the global community for open educational resources (OER) and in combination with the UNESCO recommendation on OER, MOOCs can play a significant role in achieving the SDG4 of the United Nations: inclusive and equitable quality education for all. This is true in particular during times of public lockdowns, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Stracke, Christian M., Daniel Burgos, and Ahmed Tlili. "Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1391–412. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_95.

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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the instructional quality and learning design of different categories of online courses and their history, with a special focus on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Online courses have a long tradition that has gained public attention, broad interest, and huge numbers of participants thanks to the introduction of free MOOCs accessible online for all interested learners worldwide. In this chapter, we first define MOOCs, their characteristics, and history. Afterward, theoretical frameworks and practical instruments and tools based on scientific research are presented. From the beginning, the quality of MOOCs (and of online courses in general) has been debated. That led to discussions about the learning design and outcomes of MOOCs, which we introduce in the next section. Key research findings and practical validated instruments for designing and evaluating MOOCs (and online courses in general) are presented. Then following, the key benefits of MOOCs and the main arguments and scenarios for their usage are summarized. Based on our analysis of the research results, practices, and standards, a framework for categories and types of (massive open) online courses is proposed, called the typologies of online courses (TOC) framework. As part of the global community for open educational resources (OER) and in combination with the UNESCO recommendation on OER, MOOCs can play a significant role in achieving the SDG4 of the United Nations: inclusive and equitable quality education for all. This is true in particular during times of public lockdowns, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Johann, Patricia, and Andrew Polonsky. "Deep Induction: Induction Rules for (Truly) Nested Types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 339–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_18.

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AbstractThis paper introduces deep induction, and shows that it is the notion of induction most appropriate to nested types and other data types defined over, or mutually recursively with, (other) such types. Standard induction rules induct over only the top-level structure of data, leaving any data internal to the top-level structure untouched. By contrast, deep induction rules induct over all of the structured data present. We give a grammar generating a robust class of nested types (and thus ADTs), and develop a fundamental theory of deep induction for them using their recently defined semantics as fixed points of accessible functors on locally presentable categories. We then use our theory to derive deep induction rules for some common ADTs and nested types, and show how these rules specialize to give the standard structural induction rules for these types. We also show how deep induction specializes to solve the long-standing problem of deriving principled and practically useful structural induction rules for bushes and other truly nested types. Overall, deep induction opens the way to making induction principles appropriate to richly structured data types available in programming languages and proof assistants. Agda implementations of our development and examples, including two extended case studies, are available.
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García-Álvarez, David, and Javier Lara Hinojosa. "Global Thematic Land Use Cover Datasets Characterizing Agricultural Covers." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 399–417. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_20.

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AbstractThere is a wide variety of global thematic Land Use Cover (LUC) datasets characterizing agricultural covers. Most of them focus on cropland areas, providing information on their extent or the percentage of cropland cover on the ground. In some cases, the focus is more specific and they provide information on cropland irrigation practices. In other cases, specific maps charting the extension of different crops are also available. In this chapter, we review 8 different datasets with a spatial resolution of at least 1 km. There are many other datasets characterizing agricultural covers at coarser resolutions, such as the Historic Croplands Dataset, GMRCA or GIAM. Their coarse resolution hampers their potential application in practice, which is why they are not described in detail in this chapter. Nor do we analyse FROM-GC, a dataset mapping the extent of global cropland at 30 m, because it is not currently accessible. GFSAD30 has the highest resolution of all the datasets reviewed (30 m). It also provides some of the most up-to-date information (2015). However, it only charts the extent of cropland. As part of an associated project, GFSAD1KCD and GFSAD1KCM characterize cropland areas in 9 and 7 categories respectively at 1 km for 2010. They provide information on the irrigation status of the crops. GFSAD1KCD and GFSAD1KCM were obtained from data fusion. This method is commonly used in the production of many of the cropland datasets reviewed: IIASA-IFPRI cropland map, Global Synergy Cropland Map, Unified Cropland Layer (UCL) and ASAP Land Cover Masks. The IIASA-IFPRI (2005) and ASAP maps provide information on the proportion of cropland at a spatial resolution of 1 km. ASAP also includes a map on rangeland covers, and as such is the only dataset described in this chapter that maps a cover other than croplands. The Global Synergy Cropland Map (2010) and the Unified Cropland Layer (2014) also map cropland proportions, although they have been produced at higher spatial resolutions: 500 and 250 m respectively. The Global Cropland Extent product maps the extent of cropland at 250 m based on imagery from 2000-2008. Although thematically limited, this dataset is less affected by time variability, as it is based on imagery taken over a long period (8 years). Finally, GRIPC maps the extent of three types of cropland area (irrigated, rainfed and paddy crops) at 500 m for 2005.
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Mannai, Zayneb, Anis Kalboussi, and Ahmed Hadj Kacem. "Annotation Systems in the Medical Domain: A Literature Review." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 58–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09593-1_5.

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AbstractIn the literature, a wide number of annotation systems in the e-health sector have been implemented. These systems are distinguished by a number of aspects. In fact, each of these systems is based on a different paradigm, resulting in a jumbled and confused vision. The purpose of this study is to categorize medical annotation systems in order to provide a standardized overview. To accomplish this, we combed through twenty years’ worth of scientific literature on annotation systems. Then, we utilized five filters to determine which systems would proceed to the classification phase. The following filters have been chosen: accessible, free, web-based or stand-alone, easily installable, functional, availability of documentation. The classification step is performed on systems that evaluate “true” for all of these filters. This classification is based on three modules: the publication module, the general information module and the functional module. This research gave us the chance to draw attention to the issues that healthcare professionals may face when using these systems in their regular work.
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Conference papers on the topic "Accessible categories"

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Jia, Hong, Christopher A. Mattson, and Gabrielle Johnson. "Consideration of Social Impacts During the Early Stages of Product Development for Sustainable Design." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22237.

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Abstract Besides the explicit economic and environmental impacts, the product development process also produces an implicit social value — known as social impact. To help product designers better understand and plan for the social impact that their product may have, we present a social impact checklist table. This checklist table was constructed after a simple study was conducted on the design and reuse of corrugated cardboard. The checklist table provides the designer the opportunity to more deeply consider eleven social impact categories, map those categories to key indicators, and ultimately design parameters that influence social impact. We introduce this checklist table at the early stages of the product development process, aiming to make the otherwise implicit notion of social impact more explicit and recognizable. The checklist table has the potential to make the social dimension of sustainability more accessible to design engineers; they can then better conceive of sustainable solutions and create products that generate positive social impact.
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Štěpánová, Veronika. "What do people want to know about names? Onomastic inquiries in the Czech Language Consulting Centre." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/68.

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Since as early as 1946, Czech language users have been able to consult their questions with the Czech Language Consulting Centre by phone. Since 2019, there is a software database available, making the unique data of obtained inquiries accessible to the public. This paper introduces those parts of this database that are connected with proper names (not only the origin and interpretation of proper names, but also their pronunciation, spelling, declension, etc.), identifies the categories of the most frequent queries and presents examples of questions. Onomastic inquiries are specific due to the fact that to answer them, an interdisciplinary approach, knowledge of foreign languages and orientation in the entire contemporary multicultural world are necessary.
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Zolotareva, Y. V., and U. I. Zolotareva. "THE IDEA OF DEVELOPING OF CARAVANNING IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: MYTH, REALITY, PERSPECTIVE." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.584-587.

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Numerous articles of academic researches and scientific investigations uphold the sustainable development of tourism industry both in the whole country and in the Northern Caucasus. The tourism development strategy 2035, elaborated by expert team and endorsed by government of the Russian Federation on September 20, 2019, prognosticates the augmentation of tourist flow. Various types of tourism had been successfully promoting in the North Caucasus for many years and respectively, as a result, there are all prerequisites for the development of caravanning. The regional Association in the North Caucasus faces a considerable challenge of certification of routes. It must have three important positions: the issue of security, the issue of roadside infrastructure and junction points, furthermore, it should be a traditional route that is accessible and affordable to all categories of citizens, regardless of their social status and income.
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Ryzhova, Oxana, Irina Vasileva, Andrey Agafonov, and Irina Kochergina. "Experience in Teaching Chemistry to Humanities Students with a Highly Heterogeneous Basic Chemistry Education." In DidSci+ 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9876-2021-10.

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Based on the results of the input questionnaire, it is shown that students of the Psychological Faculty of Moscow State University who begin to study the subject "Physical and Chemical Foundations of Modern Natural Science" demonstrate an extreme heterogeneity of training in chemistry. This can be explained by their different educational trajectories in preparation for entering the university. In such conditions, provided that the chemistry course is extremely short, it is proposed to concentrate the educational process on lectures and seminars on a few basic points that are interesting and accessible to all categories of students. The example of such point, namely the topic “Solutions” is given. It is shown that the results demonstrated by students in the exam have improved after the introduction of seminars and the use of new didactic materials in lectures and seminars.
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JACHOWICZ, Michał. "Legal Status of a Pharmacist as a Participant of the Pharmacy Market in Poland." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-6.

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The provision of the pharmaceutical service is the basic designation of the pharmacy activities as a public health care facility and is a correlate of the subjective right to health care guaranteed under the Polish Constitution. The provision of the pharmaceutical service remains within the scope of the profession of a pharmacist as a profession of public trust, which is also a regulated profession. Taking into account the need to ensure the highest level of implementation of the right to health care, the legal status of a pharmacist as a participant in the pharmacy market should be subject to special legal protection. The assessment of the existing legal status in this respect remains justified by both the subjective distinction between categories of entrepreneurs who hold a permit to operate a generally accessible pharmacy, as well as the legislative process on principles of fulfilling the pharmacist's professional obligations included in the draft Act on the profession of pharmacist. The purpose of this article is to assess the indicated legal conditions undertaken both on the basis of the existing legal status and proposed statutory solutions.
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Nagel, Jacquelyn K. S., Robert B. Stone, and Daniel A. McAdams. "Exploring the Use of Category and Scale to Scope a Biological Functional Model." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28873.

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The natural world provides numerous cases for analogy and inspiration in engineering design. Biological organisms, phenomena and strategies, herein referred to as biological systems, are, in essence, living engineered systems. These living systems provide insight into sustainable and adaptable design and offer engineers billions of years of valuable experience, which can be used to inspire engineering innovation. This research presents a general method for functionally representing biological systems through systematic design techniques, affording conceptualization of biologically-inspired, engineering designs. Functional representation and abstraction techniques are utilized to translate biological systems into an engineering context. Thus, the biological system information is accessible to engineering designers with varying biological knowledge, but a common understanding of engineering design methods. Functional modeling is typically driven by customer needs or product re-designs; however, these cannot be applied to biological systems. Thus, we propose the use of biological category and scale to guide the design process. Mimicry categories and scales, in addition to answering a design question, aid the designer with defining boundaries or scope when developing a biological functional model. Biological category assists with framing the information in the right perspective, where as, biological scale deals with how much detail is required for an adequate representation of the biological system to utilize the information with a chosen engineering design method. In our case, the engineering design method is function-based design. Choosing a category serves to refine the boundary, but, like scale, its consideration might prompt the designer to consider the same biological system in a new and unique way leading to new ideas. General guidelines for modeling biological systems at varying scales and categories are given, along with two modeling examples.
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Keros, Peter E., Dimitris Assanis, Jill Schlechtweg, and Margaret S. Wooldridge. "Fast Methods to Analyze High-Speed Images of HCCI and Spark-Assisted HCCI Ignition Events." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35143.

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This study presents two new methods to rapidly analyze the ignition and combustion events recorded during in-cylinder high-speed imaging of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark-assisted (SA) HCCI engine operation. Two categories of ignition have been observed during HCCI and SA HCCI: auto-ignition of parcels of fuel/air and ignition and propagation of reaction fronts. In this work, two methods of image analysis are developed which accommodate differences in the ignition and propagation events for the two categories. The methods are described by application to high speed imaging data acquired from an optically accessible engine operated in HCCI and SA HCCI modes using indolene fuel. Using method I, the projected area of reaction is identified in each frame, and a circle with a characteristic radius that yields the equivalent area is defined. The rate of area expansion is used to define the speed of reaction. Using method II, an edge-finding algorithm is used to identify the location of well-defined reaction fronts. The maximum dimensions of the reaction front in an x-y coordinate frame are measured. The projected area based on the average of these maximum dimensions is then determined. The change in the characteristic radius of the projected area is defined as the average propagation speed for the reaction front. The two analytical methods are applied to typical HCCI and SA HCCI image sequences. Outcomes of the image analysis indicate propagation speeds are typically between 2–5 m/s prior to volumetric ignition. Volumetric ignition is identified by propagation speeds greater than 20 m/s. The imaging data also identify times when reaction quenching occurred after spark ignition as times when negative propagation speeds are observed. When applied to the same imaging sequence, the two methods yield consistent results for propagation speeds; however, the method based on edge-finding exhibits larger variance.
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Yazawa, Toru, Albert M. Hutapea, Tomoo Katsuyama, and Yukio Shimoda. "Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Arrhythmia: Scaling Exponent as an Index of Heart Wellness." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62184.

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Well-established technologies to analyze biological signals including rhythmic heartbeat are available and accessible to scholars. However, stronger empirical evidence is required to justify the use of these technologies as practical tools in the field of biomedicine. Here we conducted analyses of heartbeat interval time series using an analytical technology developed across three decades—detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)—to verify the power-law/scaling characteristics of signals that fluctuate in a regular, irregular, or erratic manner. We believe that DFA is a useful tool because it can quantify the heart condition by a scaling exponent, with a value of one (1) set as the default for a healthy state. This baseline value can be compared to a clinical thermometer, where the baseline is 37 °C for a physiologically healthy condition. Our study aimed to ascertain and confirm the utility of DFA in evaluating heart wellness, specifically in the context of studying arrhythmic heartbeat. We present case studies to confirm that DFA is a beneficial tool that quantifies the scaling exponent of a heart’s condition as “nonstationarily” beating and dynamically controlled. From an engineering perspective, we show that the heart condition can be classified into two typical categories: a healthy rhythm with a scaling exponent of one (1.0), and arrhythmia with a lower scaling exponent (0.7 or less).
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D’Sena, Peter. "Decolonising the curriculum. Contemplating academic culture(s), practice and strategies for change." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.13.

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In 2015, students at the University of Cape Town called for the statue of Cecil Rhodes, the 19th century British coloniser, to be removed from their campus. Their clarion call, in this increasingly widespread #RhodesMustFall movement, was that for diversity, inclusion and social justice to become a lived reality in higher education (HE), the curriculum has to be ‘decolonised’. (Chantiluke, et al, 2018; Le Grange, 2016) This was to be done by challenging the longstanding, hegemonic Eurocentric production of knowledge and dominant values by accommodating alternative perspectives, epistemologies and content. Moreover, they also called for broader institutional changes: fees must fall, and the recruitment and retention of both students and staff should take better account of cultural diversity rather than working to socially reproduce ‘white privilege’ (Bhambra, et al, 2015) Concerns had long been voiced by both academics and students about curricula dominated by white, capitalist, heterosexual, western worldviews at the expense of the experiences and discourses of those not perceiving themselves as fitting into those mainstream categories (for an Afrocentric perspective, see inter alia, Asante, 1995; Hicks & Holden, 2007) The massification of HE across race and class lines in the past four decades has fuelled these debates; consequentially, the ‘fitness’ of curricula across disciplines are increasingly being questioned. Student representative bodies have also voiced the deeper concern that many pedagogic practices and assessment techniques in university systems serve to reproduce society’s broader inequalities. Certainly, in the UK, recent in-depth research has indicated that the outcomes of inequity are both multifaceted and tangible, with, for example, graduating students from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds only receiving half as many ‘good’ (first class and upper second) degree classifications as their white counterparts (RHS, 2018). As a consequence of such findings and reports, the momentum for discussing the issues around diversifying and decolonising the university has gathered pace. Importantly, however, as the case and arguments have been expressed not only through peer reviewed articles and reports published by learned societies, but also in the popular press, the core issues have become more accessible than most academic debates and more readily discussed by both teachers and learners (Arday and Mirza, 2018; RHS, 2018). Hence, more recently, findings about the attainment/awarding gap have been taken seriously and given prominence by both Universities UK and the National Union of Students, though their shared conclusion is that radical (though yet to be determined) steps are needed if any movements or campaigns, such as #closingthegap are to find any success. (Universities UK, 2019; NUS, 2016; Shay, 2016)
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Canina, Marita, Carmen Bruno, and Eva Monestier. "An operational framework of methods for designing ethical and sustainable future digital scenarios." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001507.

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The rapid pace of technological innovations is changing almost every aspect of people’s lives. Indeed, digital technologies are reshaping behaviors and human interactions as well as having great impacts on the environmental, political and economic level (Schwab, 2016). In this scenario, it becomes paramount for people to be able to adapt to this increasingly digital environment to reach the so-called Digital Maturity (MIT Sloan Management Review, 2017) and to recognize and unlock the huge potentialities of emerging technologies to foster sustainable development (WEF & PwC, 2020).Such topics are being addressed and tackled by the Digital Creativity for developing Digital Maturity Future Skills (DC4DM) European Project [1], a three-year project funded by the Erasmus + Program and whose outcome will be the spread of an educational model to train students to become Digital Maturity Enablers, new professional figures up-skilled to drive the change and to creatively envision future possibilities. Digital Maturity Enablers, indeed, have to possess a set of Digital Creative Abilities (DCAs) which encompass all those competencies, attitudes and mindsets that allow them to unleash their full creative potential. The empowerment and practice of such DCAs are enabled by the DC4DM educational model, a creativity-driven design model to free learners’ creativity and ease the achievement of a Digital Maturity (Bruno & Canina, 2021).Some DCAs can be trained simultaneously and are thus grouped in the so-called Drivers, clusters of DCAs that allow learners to gain awareness on paramount topics applied to digital technologies, namely digital ethics and sustainability, collaboration, technology foresight, data collection and complexity. Within this context, the aim of the paper is to introduce an operational framework built as part of the methodology used to identify the most important methods and tools to enhance the DCAs related to ethics, sustainability and futures thinking. Indeed, an ad hoc methodology was implemented in order to provide a systematic overview of the existing resources that could be useful to develop the competencies to design responsibly and sustainably with digital technologies and to envision futures possibilities. The effort has been channeled into mapping and clustering methods, tools, techniques and formats i.e. every type of resource that could help students acquire the creative abilities included in the cross model area called “Digital Responsibility and Sustainability”. As a matter of fact, the initial draft of the DC4DM model, the starting point to conceive the methodology, consisted of three phases, namely Pre-Process, Process and Post-Process, and a cross model area which included all the ethics, sustainability and futures thinking-related abilities essential when dealing with digital technologies. In order to filter and systematize the selected resources, these three dimensions have been considered as macro-categories and some criteria identified to steer the classification process. Based on their objectives, all the resources have been mapped on the DC4DM model, sorted between the Pre-Process and Process phase and finally collected in a digital booklet. So far the booklet has been used internally by the DC4DM consortium which is actually willing to make it an open online repository accessible to anyone interested in improving specific abilities. [1] https://www.dc4dm.eu/
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Reports on the topic "Accessible categories"

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AMORIM NAVES DAVID, Cláudia, Veronica GARCIA-HANSEN, Niko GENTILE, Werner OSTERHAUS, and Kieu PHAM, eds. Evaluating integrated lighting projects. IEA SHC Task 61, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0006.

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The report targets industry professionals, building designers, lighting designers, building managers, researchers and/or owners wishing to evaluate projects where lighting is supplied by a combination of electrical lighting, daylighting systems (e.g., fenestrations) and assisted technologies (e.g., smart sensors). The framework in this report makes available methods and procedures related to the evaluation of integrated lighting performance in residential and non-residential buildings and its impact on users, and it summarises and categorize methods and procedures in an accessible and industry-oriented language.
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Klesta, Matthew. Home Mortgage Lending by Race and Income in the Time of Low Interest Rates: Examples from Select Counties in Kentucky, Ohio, and Pennsylvania from 2018 through 2021. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20221129.

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Signed into law in 1975 by President Ford, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) requires most financial institutions to disclose information on their mortgage lending. Annually, this information creates a publicly accessible data set that includes millions of records and covers about 90 percent of mortgage lending in the United States (Gerardi, Willen, and Zhang, 2020). More information on HMDA can be found in the summary "What is HMDA and why is it important?" Several years ago, the Cleveland Fed examined data for seven large urban counties in the Fourth District. At that time, we looked at how these counties performed post-Great Recession. In this report, we revisit those seven counties and examine how they performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and in an environment of record-low interest rates. This report is an analysis of HMDA data from 2018 through 2021 in seven counties: Allegheny, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh); Cuyahoga, Ohio (Cleveland); Fayette, Kentucky (Lexington); Franklin, Ohio (Columbus); Hamilton, Ohio (Cincinnati); Lucas, Ohio (Toledo); and Montgomery, Ohio (Dayton). It focuses on several aspects of mortgage lending categorized by borrower race and income.
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