Journal articles: 'Accessibility cost'

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Batty, Michael. "Cost, Accessibility, and Weighted Entropy." Geographical Analysis 15, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1983.tb00786.x.

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Vale, David. "Effective accessibility: Using effective speed to measure accessibility by cost." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 80 (March 2020): 102263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102263.

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Woldemariam, Wubeshet. "Prioritization of Low-Volume Road Projects Considering Project Cost and Network Accessibility: An Incremental Benefit–Cost Analysis Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 13434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313434.

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Due to insufficient funds to implement all candidate road infrastructure projects, there is a need to efficiently utilize available funds and select candidate projects that maximize performance criteria decision-makers. This paper proposes an incremental benefit–cost analysis (IBCA) framework to prioritize low-volume road (LVR) projects that maximize road network accessibility considering project cost and network accessibility requirements. The study results show that the accessibility benefits of road projects depend not only on their cost requirements but also on their spatial locations in the network that affect their network-level accessibility benefits per unit cost of investment. Additionally, the number of disrupted LVR links cannot fully determine the degree of change in network accessibility. The framework enables decision-makers to consider project cost requirements and the accessibility-related impacts of LVR projects, maximize economic benefits, and ensure the sustainability of the LVR network performance.

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Michailidou, Evangelia Michail. "Health Care System for Immigrants (Accessibility, Quality, Cost)." Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v6i9.894.

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The aim of this study is to identify and describe within the existing literature the characteristics (Immigrant, accessibility, quality, cost.) of primary health care models of service delivery for Indigenous immigrant people. Our focus was on knowledge synthesis of maternity care among immigrants to Greece provided a coherent evidence base for (a) eliciting a better understanding of the factor that generate disparities in accessibility, acceptability, and outcomes during maternity care and (b) improving culturally-based competency in maternity care. Our synthesis also identified pertinent issues in multiple sectors that should be addressed to configure maternity services and programs appropriately. Effectiveness, safety, and patient experience are key components of healthcare quality, an important element of health systems performance.

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Giordano, Beverly P. "Cost, quality, accessibility—Pick two out of three." AORN Journal 57, no. 2 (February 1993): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)64097-6.

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Sharov, Maksim. "Analysis of the impact of transport accessibility on the cost of housing on the example of the city of Irkutsk." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821203001.

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The paper is devoted to the issues of estimation of transport accessibility of a territory, and also the influence of transport accessibility on cost of a square meter of housing. In particular, the dependence of the possible cost of one square meter on the value of transport accessibility is established.

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Xiong, Xuechen, and Li Luo. "Patient-centred method to evaluate the spatial accessibility of primary health care in a case study in Shanghai." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 4 (2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19233.

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Quantitative methodology investigating medical resource accessibility does not incorporate patients’ feelings about the adequacy and fairness of primary health care (PHC). In this study we quantified the spatial accessibility of PHC from the patient perspective. The main obstacles regarding access to PHC services are: (1) distance from the medical facility; and (2) waiting times after reaching the facility. The total time cost to access PHC is calculated as the sum of the time cost to access the PHC facility and the time cost waiting to receive health care; the total time cost was used in this study to reflect the potential spatial accessibility (i.e. probable entry into the healthcare system) of PHC. In Shanghai, it took residents approximately 13min to reach the nearest primary care facility, with an approximate 23min wait time after arriving at the facility. Thus, the spatial accessibility of PHC in Shanghai is approximately 36min. The method of assessing the spatial accessibility of PHC from the perspective of patients is more explanatory and easier to interpret. In the case of Shanghai, the regional accessibility of PHC is much better than its regional availability. Relevant managers should focus on increasing the resource supply capacity of existing facilities providing primary care in the suburbs of Shanghai.

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Ayandiji, A. "Accessibility of youths to health care in Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.9.

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The youths of Nigeria cover up to 60% of the entire Nigeria population. Youths are a symbol of a town or village with potentials to perform strenuous work and constitute essential human resources for development. Youths are not excluded from health issues facing the generality of the human population. This study examines the accessibility of youths to the various health facilities available, the cost of services provided and also the relationship between the health facilities available and the cost of services provided. The National baseline survey report of 2012 was used. Three States were randomly selected from each of the six geopolitical zones of the country. Majority of the respondents patronized public hospitals than other health institutions. Most youths claimed that the cost of services provided were moderate. There is a significant relationship between health care alternatives available and cost of services. There should be more sensitization for the youth to take their health seriously and patronize health facilities where adequate examination can be carried out.Key words: Youth, Accessibility, Nigeria.

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El-Geneidy, Ahmed, David Levinson, Ehab Diab, Genevieve Boisjoly, David Verbich, and Charis Loong. "The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 91 (September 2016): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.003.

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Horák, Jiří. "Transport accessibility evaluation." Geografie 111, no. 1 (2006): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2006111010115.

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Theoretical means of accessibility measures are applied mainly for transport accessibility evaluation. Analyses of transport accessibility are usually based on data collected during census. Nevertheless its results for commuting are published with remarkable delays. Monitoring campaigns organised by specialised companies represents another possibility, but the cost of such a statistical campaign is relatively high. The other possibility is the application of network analysis in the environment of geographic information systems for the evaluation of non-public individual transport. For evaluation of transport accessibility using public transport means, the analysis of time schedules can be applied. It is possible to evaluate existing public transport connections, analyse selected conditions, evaluate real costs of commuting, conditions of commuting like number and waiting time for changing and apply a Monte Carlo simulation approach to evaluate not only average conditions but also the range of commuting conditions (which can be next utilized with a probabilistic approach). The selected presented methods were applied and tested for Bruntál district in Czechia. The transport accessibility was studied from the point of view of commuting to work and a comparison with the situation in the labour market was undertaken.

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Zhou, Xiao, Bowei Wen, Mingzhan Su, and Jiangpeng Tian. "A Low-Carbon Decision-Making Algorithm for Water-Spot Tourists, Based on the k-NN Spatial-Accessibility Optimization Model." Water 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182920.

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This study presents a low-carbon decision-making algorithm for water-spot tourists, based on the k-NN spatial-accessibility optimization model, to address the problems of water-spot tourism spatial decision-making. The attributes of scenic water spots previously visited by the tourists were knowledge-mined, to ascertain the tourists’ interest-tendencies. A scenic water-spot classification model was constructed, to classify scenic water spots in tourist cities. Then, a scenic water spot spatial-accessibility optimization model was set up, to sequence the scenic spots. Based on the tourists’ interest-tendencies, and the spatial accessibility of the scenic water spots, a spatial-decision algorithm was constructed for water-spot tourists, to make decisions for the tourists, in regard to the tour routes with optimal accessibility and lowest cost. An experiment was performed, in which the tourist city of Leshan was chosen as the research object. The scenic water spots were classified, and the spatial accessibility for each scenic spot was calculated; then, the optimal tour routes with optimal spatial accessibility and the lowest cost were output. The experiment verified that the tour routes that were output via the proposed algorithm had stronger spatial accessibility, and cost less than the sub-optimal ones, and were thus more environmentally friendly.

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Balya, Audhi Ahmad, Marcella Alika Hutabarat, and Djoni Hartono. "Cost Burden and Accessibility: Analysis of Indonesian Household Energy Expenditure." Economics Development Analysis Journal 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i1.27127.

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The Main Objectives of this study are to check whether Indonesian households suffer from energy poverty or not, as well as to determine the accessibility to certain modern energy accesses (LPG and Electricity) and the energy cost burden that Indonesian households must bear. Using data from SUSENAS 2014, this research is conducted by utilizing descriptive statistics analysis and Cross-Section OLS to achieve the objectives. It was found that there is no single Island Cluster in Indonesia suffers from energy cost burden. There are also differences in accessibility of modern energy and its relation to energy expenditure, especially in Maluku and Papua.

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&NA;. "Impact of new drugs affected by accessibility, use and cost." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1111 (November 1997): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199711110-00010.

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Sharov, M. I., and O. A. Lebedeva. "Housing cost dependence on transport accessibility territory of industrial city." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 880 (July 10, 2020): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/880/1/012073.

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Gurrera, Ronald J. "A COMMENTARY ON IMPROVING CLOZAPINE ACCESSIBILITY AND REDUCING TREATMENT COST." Psychiatry Research 296 (February 2021): 113644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113644.

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Forslund, Ulla M., and Börje Johansson. "Assessing road investments: accessibility changes, cost benefit and production effects." Annals of Regional Science 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01581804.

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Puri, Radhika. "Measuring and Modifying Consumer Impulsiveness: A Cost-Benefit Accessibility Framework." Journal of Consumer Psychology 5, no. 2 (January 1996): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0502_01.

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Wan, Qin, Jing Zhu, Huijing Li, and Lili Wang. "How to offer mobile targeting promotion under asymmetry." Nankai Business Review International 8, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose Based on consumers’ geographic real-time locations, firms can utilize mobile targeting promotion (MTP) to target consumers through some applications embedded in mobile device. This paper aims to focus on two competing firms about how to make MTP strategies under asymmetric mobile accessibilities, i.e. the proportions of consumers who can be targeted by firms through apps are different. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a game model for two competing firms. Aiming to maximizing profit, firms should consider how to utilize MTP strategies to trade off the benefit (expand market share) and the cost (intensive price competition). Findings The optimal MTP strategies and equilibrium prices have been presented under different scenarios. This paper verifies that asymmetry can make the firm with high mobile accessibility obtain extra profits. Furthermore, when unit targeting cost is relatively low, profit of the firm with low mobile accessibility increases first and decreases later with respect to its mobile accessibility. Practical implications Competing firms’ optimal MTP strategies and equilibrium prices are determined not only by unit targeting cost but also by consumers’ mobile accessibilities to firms. Firms have strong incentive to enlarge the mobile accessibility to procure more profit in monopoly context, but, under competing context, a higher mobile accessibility may not mean better for firm. Originality/value This is one of the few papers which study mobile targeting based on game theory considering unit targeting cost and asymmetric mobile accessibility simultaneously.

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Moreno-Roman, Paola, and Katie Bobick. "Foldscope: Increasing Science Accessibility Worldwide." Microscopy Today 30, no. 3 (May 2022): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929522000633.

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Abstract:Foldscope Instruments, Inc. creates and distributes low-cost, high-quality scientific tools to communities around the world to help advance education, research, and medical diagnostics. The Foldscope—a high-quality microscope created for less than a dollar in parts—was created in 2015. To date, the Foldscope has reached 1.6 million people worldwide in over 160 countries. A few notable uses for the Foldscope include identification of microscopic eggs of agricultural pests in India, creation of a catalog of the biodiversity of soil arthropods in the Amazon, detection of fake currency and medicine, following toxic blooms, detection of bacteria in water samples, and mapping of pollen diversity in a city landscape.

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Liu, Suxia, and Xuan Zhu. "Accessibility Analyst: An Integrated GIS Tool for Accessibility Analysis in Urban Transportation Planning." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31, no. 1 (February 2004): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b305.

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The authors present an integrated GIS tool, Accessibility Analyst, for accessibility analysis in urban transportation planning, built as an extension to the desktop GIS software package, ArcView. Accessibility Analyst incorporates a number of accessibility measures, ranging from catchment profile analysis to cumulative-opportunity measures, gravity-type measures, and utility-based measures, contains several travel-impedance measurement tools for estimating the travel distance, time, or cost by multiple travel modes along actual travel routes, and interoperates with GIS data-management and data-integration, spatial-analysis, network-analysis, surface-modelling, and spatial-visualisation functions. Undertaking accessibility analysis with use of Accessibility Analyst allows the user to take full advantage of a GIS to produce spatial distributions of accessibility over a region. It can be applied to a wide range of issues in urban transportation planning, such as for studies on the relationship between transportation and land use, evaluation of transportation network efficiency, transportation infrastructure planning, and for impact assessments relating to transportation policies.

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Yu, Wentao, Huijun Sun, Tao Feng, Jianjun Wu, Ying Lv, and Guangyu Xin. "A Data-Based Bi-Objective Approach to Explore the Accessibility of Multimodal Public Transport Networks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110758.

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One of the top concerns for travelers when choosing public transportation is whether they can reach their destination in limited time and monetary cost on the basis of ensured reliability. However, the existing literature shows no studies on how to evaluate bi-objective multimodal accessibility under travel time uncertainty. In order to fill this research gap, this paper creates a multimodal super network based on smart card data in which the transfers among taxi, bus, and subway modes are developed and applied. Next, we propose a two-stage opportunity accessibility model to calculate bi-objective multimodal accessibility under travel time uncertainty. Then we propose a multimodal reliability path finding model and a reliability boundary convergence algorithm to solve this problem. Finally, we conduct a large-scale real-world case study. It is found that the impedance heterogeneity between different modes is significant, and multimodal travel has better accessibility than a unimodal one. Although multimodal accessibility decreases as the reliability increases, the advantage of multimodal over unimodal accessibility increases with reliability, and it can be improved up to 14.61% by multimodal transfers. This model can effectively guide traffic management departments to improve traffic accessibility in terms of time and cost and advise commuters to choose living places.

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Joaquim, José Amilton, and Luísa Cerdeira. "FINANCIAL ACCESSIBILITY IN COST-SHARING POLICIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MOZAMBIQUE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 9 (September 26, 2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i9.2020.1403.

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The massive growth of the student population in higher education institutions has challenged traditional forms of public funding, and cost-sharing policies have been one of the options used by governments. In this sharing, it is important that, depending on the social and economic characteristics of students, issues related to equity and accessibility are safeguarded. This study seeks to understand how cost-sharing policies – taking into account the direct costs of attending higher education, indirect costs, other living expenses and the Mozambicans’ social and economic features – can help or hamper the access to higher education in Mozambique. The selected empirical research contexts encompass eight higher education institutions in the province of Gaza – universities and polytechnics – from the public and private sectors. Empirical data were collected from a questionnaire implemented with higher education students; furthermore, the authors carried out a document analysis on the financing of higher education in Mozambique and worldwide. Allows concluding that, in Mozambique, the cost-sharing model follows a dual-track policy. Also, the part of the financing still ensured by the State is far from meeting the real needs of students and families, due to the high study and living costs, which are well above the students/families’ income. There is no diversification of social support for students, and the only help students have comes from scholarships, whose allocation process is inefficient. This calls into question the issues of higher education equity and accessibility, especially for families with the lowest socio-economic conditions in the country.

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Greenstein, Jacob. "Planning, Design, and Construction of Low-Cost Roads and Bridge Accessibility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2203, no. 1 (January 2011): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2203-17.

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Elshahawany, Dina N., Eduardo A. Haddad, and Michael L. Lahr. "Accessibility, transportation cost, and regional growth: a case study for Egypt." Middle East Development Journal 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2017.1366773.

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McConachie, Ian. "Limiting the accessibility of cost-prohibitive drugs: The story is incomplete." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 63, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-015-0531-8.

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Yu, Yang, Yijin Wu, Xin Xu, Yun Chen, Xiaobo Tian, Li Wang, and Siyun Chen. "Spatial Disparities and Correlated Variables of Community Care Facility Accessibility in Rural Areas of China." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313400.

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With the increasing aging of the world’s population, research on the equitable allocation of elderly care facilities has received increasing attention, but measuring the accessibility of community care facilities (CCFs) in rural areas has received little attention. In this study, which covered 7985 CCFs in 223,877 villages, we measured the accessibility of CCFs in rural areas of Hubei Province by using the nearest distance method. Based on the accessibility calculation, the spatial disparities and agglomeration characteristics of spatial accessibility were analyzed, and the correlated variables related to the accessibility were analyzed from both natural environment and socioeconomic aspects by employing a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Our results show that 87% of villages have a distance cost of less than 7121 m and 81% of townships have a distance cost of less than 5114 m; good spatial accessibility is present in the eastern and central regions, while poor spatial accessibility is shown in a small number of areas in the west. The results from the clustering analysis show that the hot spot areas are mainly clustered in the western mountainous areas and that the cold spot areas are mainly clustered around Wuhan city. We also observed that area, elevation, population aged 65 and above, and number of villages are significantly correlated with accessibility. The results of this study can be used to provide a reference for configuration optimization and layout planning of elderly care facilities in rural areas.

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Che, Yanjun, Yun Cao, Rong Wu, Jian Liu, Lihua Chen, and Jiakang Wu. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern of World Heritage and Its Accessibility Assessment in China." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053033.

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World Heritage is of high historical, artistic, and scientific value and represents wealth created by human beings or nature that cannot be replaced. In this paper, the tempo–spatial characteristics of World Heritage and its traffic accessibility were assessed in China using statistical and spatial analysis methods. The results showed that development of Chinese World Heritage experienced exploratory, evolution, accelerated development, and stable development phases. To date, there are 55 World Heritage Projects in China, including 37 Cultural Heritage, 14 Natural Heritage, and 4 mixed double heritage projects. Based on the spatial analysis, global spatial correlation of these heritage sites was not significant while the local spatial correlation was significant. The majority of the heritage sites were distributed in the east–central regions of China, and the hotspots were also concentrated in these regions. In addition, an assessment of inter-regional accessibility indicated that 63.18% of heritage sites could be reached within one hour from a city center and the average time taken to reach a heritage site was at 1.03 h in the local city. Time cost was low and accessibility was good. Additionally, an analysis of the overall accessibility showed that the average time cost of the World Heritage Sites was 25.51 h. Overall accessibility in the central plain region of China was very high, with a time cost of <15 h. The overall accessibility in the western mountains and northeastern regions was very limited. In general, the development of China’s World Heritage still has great potential and strong traffic accessibility, which can effectively promote the development of heritage tourism. Meanwhile, heritage tourism can also effectively promote the development of local economies under the principle of protection priority.

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Friman, Margareta, Katrin Lättman, and Lars E. Olsson. "Carpoolers’ Perceived Accessibility of Carpooling." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218976.

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In order to constitute a realistic option to existing travel modes, carpooling needs to be able to offer adequate levels of accessibility. Insights into how carpooling services affect perceived accessibility up until now remain unexplored. In this study we explore carpooling experiences of 122 users in Sweden and examine a number of possible determinants of the perceived accessibility of carpooling. Results show that carpooling is not perceived by the users as particularly accessible with low levels across the sample. Moreover, multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses show that simplicity of travel, population density, years of education, and school and work-trips appear to affect perceptions of accessibility of carpooling, whereas travel time and cost appear not to. The final model explains a third of the variance in perceived accessibility of carpooling, thus nearly two thirds of the variation is still unaccounted for. Future research should explore further possible determinants of perceived accessibility of carpooling in order to explain, understand, and counteract the low levels of accessibility that appear to be linked to this specific travel mode.

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Rizkia, Nadhira Putri, and Rulli Pratiwi Setiawan. "Faktor Fisik dan Non Fisik yang Memengaruhi Aksesibilitas secara Perseptual dan Aktual terhadap Taman Monas, Jakarta." TATALOKA 23, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.23.4.452-465.

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Monas park as the biggest urban park in Jakarta has various social, economic, and environmental benefits for its visitors. These benefits can be acquired if the park is accessible to the community. Previous research found that there are differences between visitor perception and the actual measured distances, where visitor perception is more important than measured distance. In addition, benefits gained by visitors can be more valuable than the accessibility cost of a park. This shows that if a park can provide benefits to the visitors, the visitors will not consider the accessibility cost as a burden. This research aims to find the factors affecting the visitors’ accessibility to Monas Park, in which the accessibility is measured based on perceptual and actual. This research involved active visitors who live in the Greater Jakarta area. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) to find the factors affecting both perceptual and actual accessibilities. The results showed that security, transportation, and personal aspects affect perceptual accessibility, while park facilities and personal aspects affect the actual accessibility. Besides the physical factors, the non-physical factor such as leisure time availability also affects the perceptual and actual accessibilities to Monas Park.

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Siers, Willem, Michiel Bakker, Bob Rubbens, Ruben Haasjes, Jacco Brandt, and Stefano Schivo. "webANIMO: Improving the accessibility of ANIMO." F1000Research 5 (July 15, 2016): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9130.1.

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ANIMO is a Cytoscape 3 app to model biological signalling pathways. Useful analyses can be performed and displayed to the user in an effective way. However, all this power comes at a cost: the additional software requirements for ANIMO have been hindering its widespread adoption. Our goal has been to provide beginner to intermediate ANIMO users with a simpler and more effective platform to perform their research: webANIMO. The minimalistic interface provides everything the regular ANIMO user needs for the most common tasks. Adding the fact that it is a web interface removes any software requirements from the equation. This article describes how webANIMO works: its client/server architecture, how Cytoscape and ANIMO compatibility was maintained, the visualization techniques implemented and other general design decisions.

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Barsness, Karin, Barrett Caldwell, Calvin Chan, Jacob Stadler, and Jeff Watson. "Improving the Accessibility of User Accessible Archives." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 18 (October 1998): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201805.

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This paper reviews the requirements associated with developing systems designed to convert large printed archives into electronic text format. Consideration of human factors issues include signal detection theory and job design. These two issues will greatly influence system strategies and implementation. Needs assessment and cost analysis of the system will help constrain decisions concerning technology and system structure. Technical issues involve assessing scanner and optical character recognition (OCR) software capabilities and understanding how those relate to system design. Overall system design is expected to require cooperation between smaller organizations that share similar and complimentary needs.

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Baker, Paul M. A., Alea M. Fairchild, and Jessica Pater. "E-Accessibility and Municipal Wi-Fi." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2010040104.

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One of the typical design objectives of municipal Wi-Fi systems is the free or low-cost provision of connectivity for citizens, including people with disabilities and others impacted by the digital divide. This paper examines a range of municipal Wi-Fi implementation models for potential impact on e-accessibility. A comparative analysis was undertaken of sample U.S. and European municipal Wi-Fi systems to assess the business model and stakeholders involved in municipal wireless initiatives and to examine the degree of accessibility to or sensitivity of, municipal wireless systems for people with disabilities. As many people with disabilities are currently affected by social disparities in education and income, further marginalization of their communication and information access creates additional access barriers to critical information and full participation in community life.

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Venkatesh, Pradeep. "Google Lens: A potential cost-effective screening tool for diabetic retinopathy." Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry147.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major, sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Blindness from DR can be prevented by successful and proactive screening. However, DR is screened in less than half of the patients because of barriers in availability, affordability, accessibility, and awareness. Although artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms are being evaluated for DR screening, they have limitations of infrastructure, accessibility, training, and manpower cost. Therefore, simpler and more practical DR screening tools should be explored. Hypothesis: Google Lens, an easily available, vision- and AI-based application in most smartphones, is a potential tool for cost-effective DR screening. It recognises images through a visual analysis based on neural networking. Thus, it can recognize retinal disorders, such as DR, in images. The development and adoption of Google Lens-based DR screening would have several advantages over the conventional hospital/specialist/healthcare facility-based approach, including widespread accessibility, acceptable accuracy, reduction in the direct cost of healthcare for patients with diabetes mellitus, and active patient participation in self-care. Conclusions: DR screening, detection, and grading using Google Lens is a feasible and effective option. Despite current limitations, it could transform DR screening from a costly, hospital- and expert-based method to a cost-effective, self-applicable, and home-based one. However, diagnostic accuracy studies comparing the index test with Google Lens-based screening are required to determine the usability and validity of this proposed screening tool for DR.

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Zhou, Long, Guoqiang Shen, Yao Wu, Robert Brown, Tian Chen, and Chenyu Wang. "Urban Form, Growth, and Accessibility in Space and Time: Anatomy of Land Use at the Parcel-Level in a Small to Medium-Sized American City." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124572.

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Using the City of Corvallis, Oregon, a small to medium sized American city, as a test-bed, this paper examines the City’s urban growth in relation to urban accessibility. This relationship is explored in an anatomic spatial-temporal fashion, taking account of: the number and size of developed land use parcels over time; urban accessibility from residential to non-residential land use areas; and the statistical relationships between urban form and urban accessibility. This investigation of land use is structured around use-classification and examined within a range of dimensional and demographic measurements over 5-year time periods from 1853 to 2014; concurrently, urban accessibility is measured by the least-cost path distance as calculated through the OD cost matrix analysis in GIS. The results indicate that the city grew spatially at different rates and its urban accessibility experienced both ups and downs over time. The city’s population growth corresponded closely with urban growth and its decreasing population density negatively impacted on the city’s urban accessibility to commerce, industry, and office for most time periods. Significantly, while the urban density increased steadily after 1950s concurrent with an increase in urban sprawl, in contrast to previous studies on the metropolitan condition, the urban density had no evident impact on urban accessibility in Corvallis. Instead, increasing the land-use mix was a more effective and feasible approach to reduce urban travel path distance and enhance accessibility than increasing population density or urban development density. Accordingly, this research provides evidence-based policy recommendations for planning sustainable urban mobility and urban form in small to medium-sized cities.

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Soror, Noha, and Amany Keruakous. "Socio-economic disparities and accessibility to age-appropriate screening tools." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1529.

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1529 Background: Pervasive racial and ethnic health disparities continue to be reported throughout the U.S. population. An increasing number of studies have discussed racial disparities in cancer statistics as well as socio-economic differences. The purpose of this study is to investigate sociodemographic health care disparities and the prevalence of cancer diagnosis in the context of challenges in medical services accessibility due to financial burden. Methods: Analysis of pooled cross-sectional data using 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Differences between our comparison groups were computed using chi square test for categorical values and t-test for continuous variables. Demographic factors were analyzed through weighted regression for accessibility to cancer treatment and prior cancer screening. Results: We report data from a total of 436,198 respondents to the 2017 BRFSS survey, with cancer prevalence 9.8% and higher prevalence of cancer among females and elderly population (70 years and older). Racial disparities differed significantly between respondents with and without history of cancer, with higher prevalence in Hispanic and multiracial minorities, 19% and 14%, respectively. We also report, differences in annual income are significantly associated with increased cancer prevalence in lower socioeconomic populations. Nineteen percent of participants who had annual income less than 25k were diagnosed with cancer. Additionally, analyzing the association between delayed medical care due to financial burden and its correlation with accessibility to age-appropriate cancer screening tools. We report significant differences in receipt of cancer screening among respondents, with consistently lower probabilities of receiving age-appropriate screening tools among participants who experienced delays in medical care due to cost, that applies to all screening tools. Among respondents who did not receive screening mammograms, 17% reported delays in medical care due to medical cost. Twelve percent of participants who did not receive screening colonoscopy suffered delays in medical care due to cost. Also, among participants who did not receive screening for prostate cancer with PSA testing, 11% reported delays in medical care due to cost. Conclusions: Health care disparities in cancer screening continue to persist including differences in socioeconomic classes and access to medical services. In this study, we report that patients with delayed access to medical services due to cost are not adequately receiving age-appropriate screening for cancer. Given the deleterious effects of delayed diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is important that public health and clinical professionals utilize tools to improve cancer screening accessibility to minorities with socio-economic disparities.

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Penley, Benjamin, Lana Minshew, Hui-Han Chen, Stephen Eckel, and Sachiko Ozawa. "Accessibility of Low-cost Insulin From Illegitimate Internet Pharmacies: Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): e25855. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25855.

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Background There is much public debate regarding the high cost of insulin. With 1-in-4 patients in the United States with type 1 diabetes reporting difficulties affording insulin, there is concern that some of these patients might look for cost savings on the internet, unaware that 96% of internet pharmacies are illegitimate. Patients who purchase insulin from illegitimate internet pharmacies remove themselves from traditional health care systems that ensure safe, quality-assured, and effective medication use. Objective This study aims to determine the accessibility of Humalog and NovoLog insulin from internet pharmacies and characterize how these sites approached patient safety, and priced as well as marketed their products. Methods From September to December 2019, we queried the phrases buy insulin online, buy Humalog online, and buy NovoLog online in common search engines. The first 100 search results from Google and Bing, and the first 50 search results from Yahoo! and DuckDuckGo were screened. Websites were included if they claimed to sell Humalog or NovoLog insulin, were active, free access, in the English language, and had a unique URL. The legitimacy of websites was classified using LegitScript. Safety and marketing characteristics were compared across the legitimacy of internet pharmacies. Internet pharmacy prices were compared with the prices offered through brick-and-mortar pharmacies using GoodRx. Results We found that 59% (n=29) of the 49 internet pharmacies in our analysis were illegitimate, whereas only 14% (n=7) were legitimate and 27% (n=13) were unclassified. Across illegitimate internet pharmacies, Humalog and NovoLog insulin were 2 to 5 times cheaper as compared with both legitimate internet pharmacies and brick-and-mortar stores. Risks associated with the use of illegitimate internet pharmacies by American consumers were evident: 57% (8/14) did not require a prescription, 43% (6/14) did not display medication information or warnings, and only 21% (3/14) offered access to purported pharmacists. This included 9 rogue internet pharmacies that sold Humalog and NovoLog insulin within the United States, where 11% (1/9) required a prescription, 11% (1/9) placed quantity limits per purchase, and none offered pharmacist services. Rogue internet pharmacies often offered bulk discounts (11/18, 61%), assured privacy (14/18, 78%), and promoted other products alongside insulin (13/18, 72%). The marketing language of illegitimate internet pharmacies appealed more to quality, safety, and customer service as compared with legitimate sites. Conclusions The ease of access to low-cost insulin through illegitimate internet pharmacies calls for urgent attention. Illegitimate internet pharmacies place patients at risk of poor-quality medications and subpar pharmacy services, resulting in adverse events and poor diabetes control. A multifaceted approach is needed to close illegitimate internet pharmacies through legal and regulatory measures, develop better search engine filters, raise public awareness of the dangers of illegitimate internet pharmacies, and address the high costs of insulin.

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kumari, D. Vanaja, and B. Rama Ganesh. "A cost-efficient information providing scheme with secured accessibility in heterogeneous cloud." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 41, no. 4 (November 25, 2016): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v41p235.

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., Domenico Gattuso. "TRANSPORT-TOURISM INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS BASED ON COST AND TOURISTIC ATTRIBUTES." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 07, no. 07 (July 25, 2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0707007.

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Martens, Karel, and Floridea Di Ciommo. "Travel time savings, accessibility gains and equity effects in cost–benefit analysis." Transport Reviews 37, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1276642.

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Liu, Lingbo, Hanchen Yu, Jie Zhao, Hao Wu, Zhenghong Peng, and Ru Wang. "Multiscale Effects of Multimodal Public Facilities Accessibility on Housing Prices Based on MGWR: A Case Study of Wuhan, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010057.

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The layout of public service facilities and their accessibility are important factors affecting spatial justice. Previous studies have verified the positive influence of public facilities accessibility on house prices; however, the spatial scale of the impact of various public facilities accessibility on house prices is not yet clear. This study takes transportation analysis zone of Wuhan city as the spatial unit, measure the public facilities accessibility of schools, hospitals, green space, and public transit stations with four kinds of accessibility models such as the nearest distance, real time travel cost, kernel density, and two step floating catchment area (2SFCA), and explores the multiscale effect of public services accessibility on house prices with multiscale geographically weighted regression model. The results show that the differentiated scale effect not only exists among different public facility accessibilities, but also exists in different accessibility models of the same sort of facility. The article also suggests that different facilities should adopt its appropriate accessibility model. This study provides insights into spatial heterogeneity of urban public service facilities accessibility, which will benefit decision making in equal accessibility planning and policy formulation for the layout of urban service facilities.

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Jabs, Zofia Joanna, and Andrzej Affek. "Dostępność rolnicza Beskidów = The agricultural accessibility of the Beskid Mountains." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.2.6.

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Spatial accessibility is usually understood in relation to the possibility of a specific location being reached from another location (Guzik, 2014). It is one of the main factors affecting land use and land-use changes (Hansen, 1959; Prishchepov et al., 2013) in relation to which the greatest variation is to be observed in mountainous areas (Jobe & White, 2009). The aim of the study detailed here was thus to identify variation in the spatial accessibility of mountainous areas in terms of their being used in agriculture. The problem of agricultural accessibility is here exemplified by three mesoregions of the Polish Carpathians, i.e. the Bieszczady Mts., Low Beskid Mts. and Sanok-Turka Mts. These are all areas in which spatial accessibility and landscape structure have changed markedly over the last 70 years. Cost of access in these areas was calculated by assigning resistance values to each distance unit, in relation to land-cover type and slope. To generate an output raster, use was made of a cost-distance algorithm implemented in ArcGIS. The research described here gave rise to a figure presenting the agricultural accessibility of the study area. Very varied accessibility was demonstrated, both in the research area as a whole and between mesoregions. Results obtained were compared with values for currently used arable fields. Areas accessible to agriculture were also identified, and compared with the distribution of arable fields actually in existence.

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Yeo, Pearline. "Exhibiting Transformative Fashion: Digital Interventions to Enhance Display and Interpretation." Costume 55, no. 1 (March 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2021.0184.

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While the issues of displaying fashion in motion in museum exhibitions have been addressed with various interventions to animate displays, the challenge of successfully presenting transformative fashion in exhibitions has received less attention. With more contemporary designers creating conceptual fashion that is transformative and technological in nature, this article discusses a research project that proposes a series of digital interventions to best display these garments. With the use of digital technology in fashion exhibitions becoming commonplace, this article aims to explore this application and the ways in which it can be used to greater effect to enhance the performance of transformation in the presentation of fashion. The use of digital technology to improve and advance opportunities for inclusivity and accessibility in reading fashion in exhibitions will also be demonstrated.

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Shen, Shi Guang, Hao Wang, Wen Jun Fei, and Xiao Fu. "Urban Park Green Space System Planning Based on Accessibility Method - A Case of Luancheng City in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.331.

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In order to overcome the defects of the traditional urban park green space system planning methods, accessibility method is introduced to the planning of urban park green space system in this paper. Based on proposing the necessity of urban green space accessibility evaluation, this paper introduces principles of accessibility evaluation and constructs the evaluation model based on the cost resistance mode. The paper evaluates the accessibility service scope of urban park green space in Luancheng city on the basis of the data collection and field surveys supported by ArcGIS technology, then based on this，it puts forward urban park green space system planning layout scheme and optimization measures.The study has shown that accessibility method makes up for the deficiencies of the traditional urban park green space system planning methods and has a practical guidance.

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Wu, Leiming, Shengqiu Feng, Jun Deng, Bin Yu, Youmei Wang, Boyang He, Hao Peng, Qian Li, Ruofei Hu, and Liangcai Peng. "Altered carbon assimilation and cellulose accessibility to maximize bioethanol yield under low-cost biomass processing in corn brittle stalk." Green Chemistry 21, no. 16 (2019): 4388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01237k.

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Egoshin, S. F., and A. V. Smirnov. "AIR TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORT DISCRIMINATION OF POPULATION IN CONSTITUENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-3-78-90.

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The article deals with the introduction of numerical indicators for the notions "the air transport accessibility" and "the transport discrimination of the population" as applied to the local (suburban) traffic. Due to significant financial cost of air service, the local airlines are essential only in those regions of the Russian Federation, where the low-cost ground traffic is impossible. Thereby, the air transport accessibility should be considered as paired accessibility "the regional center - the capital of the constituent of the Russian Federation". This fact imposes restrictions on those indicators that can be applied to the relevant numerical estimates. A technique has been developed for numerical estimation of transport accessibility and transport discrimination of the population using the notions "transport accessibility levels" and "minimum social transport standard". The results of calculations with a software package based on geoinformation system are presented. It is shown that when using only the ground transport, the capital transport accessibility level of the constituent of the Russian Federation exceeds four hours for residents including more than 450 municipal and urban districts in 50 constituents of the Russian Federation. The most of these territorial entities belong to the hard-to-reach territories of Northwestern, Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia. The total population of these entities is about 15 million people, which is more than 10% of the total population of Russia. The existing local airlines can solve the transportation problems in local traffic for about 5 million people. To ensure four-hour level of transport accessibility for the rest of the population, it is necessary to organize at least 300 local airlines in the constituents of the Russian Federation.

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Chen, Quxiao, Chen Wang, Ge Lou, Mingyu Zhang, and Shuang Wu. "Measurement of Urban Park Accessibility from the Quasi-Public Goods Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174573.

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The rational distribution of parks within an urban park system should ensure reasonable travel distance for citizens, as well as good recreation quality, which seems to be more important than the former in megacities with high population density. However, studies on the accessibility of parks ignored the competitiveness and exclusiveness of urban green space, and the method can be improved to get a more scientific result as the basis for spatial optimization of urban park systems. Therefore, in this study, we consider the park’s quasi-public goods attribute when building an accessibility measurement method, and both the park’s service supply capacity and demand of citizens were included, as well as the influence of spatial travel cost. This method, based on the empirical research results obtained from a case study of Shaoxing in East China, provides a more suitable accessibility estimate compared with the previous methods, which can reflect the park’s spatial distribution characteristics. Recommendations for improving the accessibility of parks include increasing the number of parks, reducing the cost of travel, enhancing park service capacity, and reducing the population density within the park’s service area.

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Yaagoubi, Reda, Yehia Miky, and Ahmed El Shouny. "AccessVOR: A Semantically Enriched Voronoï-Based Approach for Navigation Assistance of Wheelchair Users in Indoor Environments." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331900047x.

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People with physical disabilities often face many challenges due to the non-compliance of public buildings to accessibility standards. Hence, it is necessary to provide them with relevant information about the quality of access associated with the environment they plan to visit. In this paper, we propose ‘AccessVOR’ (Accessibility assessment based on VORonoï Diagram), a novel approach that aims to automatically generate an indoor navigation network and to assess its accessibility for people moving with wheelchairs based on the American with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). A semantically enriched spatial database is developed based on ADAAG and the Indoor Geography Markup Language (IndoorGML) standard. A Three-Dimensional (3D) navigation-graph is then generated from the various components of an indoor environment using a Voronoï Diagram. The semantics of ADAAG allow assessing the accessibility of each segment of this navigation graph. Next, a navigation cost is allocated to this graph based on the accessibility of each segment of the network graph for navigation purposes.

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Rahul, Kumar, Brijesh Sinha, and Vijay Kumar. "Evaluation of object utilization through statistical model in Software development process." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst/10.01.22.

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Objects needs verification through statistical model in software development process which are important in software industries now a day. Software development process consist of several steps right from analysis to deployment and maintenance, therefore statistical model would certainly analyses object(s) and its various qualities and its relationship during software development process. Earlier, we have designed a TMS where, object(s) being available for various purposes like accessibility, reusability in a development of software product or embedded product, thus statistical model justify the level of accessibility in terms of profitability and quantity of access. So far various statistical models have been implemented to identify and established the relationship but not all statistical model are used to analyses and calculate the parametric standard and determine the reusability factor in software development process model. In fact, this statistical model justified at various level of development and would help in determine cost of accessibility (CoA) and cost of reusability (CoR)

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Mei, Zhi Xiong, Yang Jun Ou, and Si Min Chen. "Accessibility Evaluation of Guangzhou Subway Network Based on Space Syntax Model and GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3292.

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Based on the current condition of Guangzhou subway network, the authors used GIS methods and extended the space syntax theory to analyze the accessibility of the subway network, and compared with actual passenger flow. The results show: 1)Space syntax is practicable to measure the accessibility of subway system; 2)Among all sections by division, the accessibility of Tiyuxilu-Chen Clan Academy is the highest, the accessibility of Yantang-Panyu Square is the second highest, while the accessibilities of Jiaokou–Xicun and Dongchong–Jinzhou are the lowest, the accessibility of Xilang -Chen Clan Academy is the second lowest; 3)The accessibility level of subway and actual passenger flow have a positive correlation, the higher the accessibility, the larger the passenger flow; 4)As a whole, line 1 has the highest accessibility and the largest passenger flow, followed closely by line 3. Their departure frequency and number of carriages should be properly increased to relieve passenger flow pressure. Line 4 has relatively low accessibility and less passenger flow, so it should appropriately decrease train frequency or extend departure interval to reduce operating cost at present. Certainly, space syntax inevitably has its limitations, but after proper extension, the space syntax method can be used to instruct traffic reconstructing and urban planning etc.

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Третьяков and Aleksandr Tretyakov. "Simulation of conditions for economic accessibility of forest resources and the information base for evaluation." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (January 15, 2015): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8482.

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Improving the system of payments for forest resources, based on an economic assessment of their availa-bility is one of the main directions of development of market relations in forestry. Assessing the economic accessibility of forest resources helps to balance the interests of forest stakeholders and can act an effec-tive tool for forest planning. The criterion of economic accessibility of forest resources is equal or exceeds the value of forest rent of value of the standard cost of reproduction, and protection of forests. Economic accessibility is advisable to determine on the basis of the application of the standard method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Accessibility cost'

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