Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accessibilité à la microporosité'
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Diboune, Mathieu. "Elaboration de peintures zéolithiques pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Full textThe phenomenon of on-orbit molecular contamination is one of the major issues encountered by the space industry. Indeed, when satellites are placed in orbit, organic molecules contained in coatings, adhesives or glues used in the conception of satellites can degas and thus form films or droplets by depositing themselves on sensitive surfaces such as optical and electronic instruments or thermal control surfaces. This contamination leads to a drastic decrease of on-board equipment performance. Hydrocarbons as well as plasticizers have been identified as major contaminants. Among several porous materials tested for the adsorption of these organic pollutants, zeolites were found to be the most efficient due to their ability to trap organic molecules at a very low concentration in space conditions. The synthesis of zeolites generally leads to powders that would themselves be a source of particulate contamination, therefore a shaping of these zeolites appears to be necessary. Pellets, beads and zeolite films were developed in previous projects, but these processes have some disadvantages such as the addition of additional equipment to insert pellets into the structure of satellites, poor mechanical properties of beads or the small quantity of zeolite involved in the case of films and the difficulty of applying them to large surfaces. That is why, zeolite coatings were selected because they can be applied directly to the internal surface of satellites. The main goal of this project is to develop zeolite coatings that adhere to the surface elements of satellites, that are mechanically stable (shocks and vibrations undergone by satellites, temperature gradients) and that can trap organic pollutants. FAU-type (hydrophilic) and MFI-type (hydrophobic)zeolites were used in combination with silicone resins as binders in order to develop zeolite coatings that can that can fulfill spatial requirements. These zeolite coatings showed good adhesion properties (adhesion note of 0 according the ISO 2409 standard) as well as good mechanical and thermal stability under conditions encountered in orbit. Zeolite coatings porosity remain mostly accessible despite the use of a binder and good n-hexane adsorption capacities were obtained. Different quantities of black pigment (bone char or carbon black) were also added to some zeolite coatings to develop black zeolite coatings with the aim of absorbing light in order to respond to another phenomenon responsible of optial equipment contamination: stray light
Haddad, Elias. "Nouvelles approches RMN pour l'étude structurale des matériaux mésoporeux organisés : apport de la RMN du 129Xe hyperpolarisé." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066150.
Full textQian, Sai. "Accessibilité des référents en sémantique du discours." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0138/document.
Full textThis thesis has its roots in the standard Montagovian and dynamic semantic tradition. The subject is conditions under which a noun phrase may act as antecedent of a particular anaphoric expression. The work thesis deals with the accessibility of discourse referents using a formal system of dynamic semantics. The framework used is the one proposed by De Groote, Type Theoretic Dynamic Logic (TTDL) because it follows the Montagovian tradition and only makes use of standard mathematical and logical tools which allows to maintain compositionnality. We extend the coverage of TTDL to cases which are naturally problematic for classical dynamic semantic theories. In particularly, this thesis aims to extend TTDL's coverage of the accessibility of referents to two exceptions of classical dynamic theories, namely anaphora under double negation and modality. An adaptation is defined for each case and finally, an integration of various solutions is proposed, which shows the flexibility of TTDL
Abboud, Yacine. "Fouille de motifs : entre accessibilité et robustesse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0176/document.
Full textInformation now occupies a central place in our daily lives, it is both ubiquitous and easy to access. Yet extracting information from data is often an inaccessible process. Indeed, even though data mining methods are now accessible to all, the results of these mining are often complex to obtain and exploit for the user. Pattern mining combined with the use of constraints is a very promising direction of the literature to both improve the efficiency of the mining and make its results more apprehensible to the user. However, the combination of constraints desired by the user is often problematic because it does not always fit with the characteristics of the searched data such as noise. In this thesis, we propose two new constraints and an algorithm to overcome this issue. The robustness constraint allows to mine noisy data while preserving the added value of the contiguity constraint. The extended closedness constraint improves the apprehensibility of the set of extracted patterns while being more noise-resistant than the conventional closedness constraint. The C3Ro algorithm is a generic sequential pattern mining algorithm that integrates many constraints, including the two new constraints that we have introduced, to provide the user the most efficient mining possible while reducing the size of the set of extracted patterns. C3Ro competes with the best pattern mining algorithms in the literature in terms of execution time while consuming significantly less memory. C3Ro has been experienced in extracting competencies from web-based job postings
Rozot, Jose Manuel. "Modèle prédictif de l'apparition de la microporosité de retrait durant la solidification d'un alliage Aluminium-Silicium." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13017.
Full textGérard, Sébastien. "Un modèle cognitif pour l'interprétation des expressions référentielles dans le cadre d'un système générique de dialogue homme-machine finalisé." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112114.
Full textThis work integrates itself in the Interviews project, it aims to propose a generic system for task-oriented human machine dialogue. In this context, we propose a model for the interpretation of referential expressions. We define a model of the reference based on cognitive psychology work, but in which the accessibility of referents is not defined locally vis-à-vis a referential expression, but globally vis-à-vis an intervention. The process of interpreting the user's interventions - and thus referential expressions - can be considered to be the transformation of a starting expression - of a textual nature - into a final expression - of a formal nature. In our model, this transformation results in the successive application of a set of rules until the acquisition of a terminal expression of minimal cost. For the lexical analysis of the user's interventions, we use the Wordnet semantic network, in order to define in a generic manner, all the possible lexicalisations for each concept used in the application, thus defining the application's vocabulary. The rules that are not specific to a given application or a given situation, directly translate into a generic text form, that we call a pattern in its formal translation. The pragmatic rules stem from the situation represented by the dynamic model of the application given by the mediator and from the internal representation of the dialog history in our system to obtain the request executable by the mediator that will represent the user's intervention
Wagon, Gwenola. "Utopies d'un cinéma interactif : accessibilité des images en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177253.
Full textLehmann-Ortega, Laurence. "L'innovation stratégique : caractérisation, typologie et accessibilité aux entreprises existantes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32044.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to demystify strategic innovation (SI) and to show that established firms also have access to it. We define SI as the successful introduction of a radically new business model in an industry. The components of a business model are the value proposition for the customer, the value architecture et the revenue model, which is the financial part of the two previous components. Thus, SI can have two types of sources corresponding to the two main components of the business model. A SI can either be generated by the radical change of a single component of the business model or of both at the same time. We call disruptive strategy the first type of SI and breakthrough the second one. Those research propositions have been synthesized as a typology and illustrated by eight case studies. This field research has brought us to identify an additional level of intensity. Thus, some SI destroy the former existing business model (we called them exclusive business models) whereas others allow both old and new business models to coexist (coexisting business models). Our case studies seem to corroborate the fact that the former come from SI aiming the market as a whole, whereas the latter address a niche or create a new market. Finally, in all the cases, established companies have access to SI under the condition that they undergo a double loop learning, which questions the mental schemes inherited from the past
Depeau, Sandrine. "L'enfant en ville : autonomie de déplacement et accessibilité environnementale." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H023.
Full textChaudet, Béatrice. "Handicap, vieillissement et accessibilité. Exemples en France et au Québec." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459835.
Full textChaudet, Beatrice. "Handicap, vieillissement et accessibilité : Exemples en France et au Québec." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0011.
Full textThe study of the disability connected to the ageing is approached by questioning the concept of accessibility. We shall speak about disability connected to the ageing to apoint the inadequacy between the environment and the health of the old persons in loss of autonomy. This research aims at understanding the mobility of the old pedestrians and more particularly their practices of the walking around their home. Mobile being to the everyday life for the old persons at the beginning of the dependence establishes a real challenge. Now with the headway in age, a lot of old persons know auditive, visual and/or driving deficiences modifying their relationship in the space and limiting their possibility of moving on long distances or of finding a way and of turning in the space. Therefore, the practice of the walking of the old persons around their place of residence brings to the foreground a need of development of the urban space which at once concerns all the population. We put then the following hypothesis : is the progress of the old person the revelation of the quality of the urban planning and the spaces of well-being ? Besides preliminary bibliographical investigations, this research took the shape of case studies in six cities in France and in Quebec, consisting in particular in interviewing the old persons and the public actors acting with the old persons in each of these cities. This series of conversations led to us to bring to light the processes of stake in accessibility of the urban public space to increase the support for the autonomy of the old persons at home and facilitate their social integration within spaces of existing quality or become there
Masselot, Cyril. "Accessibilité et qualité des systèmes d'information multimédia : transfert méthodologique et technologique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007817.
Full textPrakoso, Hananto. "Mobilité et accessibilité au marche de l'emploi dans les villes indonésiennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702416.
Full textBou, Issa Youssef. "Accessibilité aux informations visuelles des pages web pour les non-voyants." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1274/.
Full textThe main objective of my thesis is to enhance the accessibility to the visual information in web pages for the blind users. Based on the concepts of IdP and MAT that offer a representation of the visual aspect of a textual object and on the RDF model that facilitates the description of the web pages, we conceived a new model that we called MAP-RDF. This model offers a representation of the visual information that remains hidden to the blind, like the visual structure of the page, the visual groupings, their properties and the relations that associate these groupings. The totality of this information is translated into the terms of a tactile language that we developed. We also fulfilled an evaluation of the tactile Images of Pages (IdP) with blind persons. The results being very promising, we could develop a prototype that permits the annotation of web pages according to our model. It can also generate automatically a tactile view of the web page in which the visual information is distributed into three levels of granularity that we defined experimentally
Clair, Romain. "Etude de méthodes de production d'art génératif et de leur application pour la conception d'outils de création artistique accessibles." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4026/document.
Full textStarting from a survey of algorithmic methods for automatic artistic creation, our works deals with adaptations of these methods to provide accessible art creation forms, focusing on music and computer drawing.the development of accessible computer software requires some constraints. Following these constraints and using adapted automatic art production systems, notably based on artificial ant colony algorithms, we developed two computer programs.The first one is a virtual music instrument, allowing most people to play music and providing and automatic accompaniment.The second one is a drawing workshop with generative methods-based tools provide complex results from simple actions.This PhD thesis details the development of this two programs and their evaluations, with real users meetings
Gomes, Flores Camila. "Synthesis and catalytic performance of metal-zeolite composite catalysts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R010/document.
Full textZeolites are microporous crystalline solids with a regular pore system, which have found numerous applications in industrial processes such as oil refining, organic synthesis, adsorption and separation. Very small pore size of zeolites (~1 nm) imposes diffusional limitations for many catalytic reactions. The catalytic performance of metal zeolite bifunctional catalysts can be improved by creating hierarchical zeolites and by controlling localization of metal species within the zeolite crystals. Impregnation is an efficient method for the preparation of bi-functional cobalt-zeolite catalysts for the direct production of liquid fuels from syngas. In the catalysts prepared via impregnation, cobalt occupies the cation exchange positions in the zeolite micropores decreasing the number of acid sites available for hydrocarbon isomerization and cracking. Isolation of cobalt ions in cationic positions reduces catalyst reducibility, makes it difficult to achieve metallic state and decreases the amount available metal active sites for Fischer Tropsch synthesis. We found that the presence of Na+ instead of H+ ions in the exchange positions of the large pore Beta zeolite favored deposition of cobalt on the external surface of the zeolite, while the acid sites in the zeolite micropores were not much affected. The large pore cobalt Beta zeolite catalyst with cobalt species localized on the external surface and high concentration of acid sites in the zeolite crystals has showed enhanced catalytic performance in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis combined with hydrocarbon isomerization. Another approach of this thesis has addressed creating hierarchical zeolites with several levels of meso- and microporosity using sacrificial templates. Hierarchical zeolites synthesized using cobalt containing carbon nanotubes, as sacrificial hard templates exhibited higher catalytic activity, lower methane selectivity and higher selectivity to isomerized hydrocarbons in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The synthesis strategy based on metal carbon nanotubes as sacrificial templates has been extended to other metals such as nickel and magnesium. This new approach to the synthesis of metal-zeolite composite increases the mesoporosity and improves the catalytic performance in hydrogenation of aromatics and anisole acylation
Enault, Cyril. "Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006172.
Full textGuenat, Arthur. "Nature et Handicap à La Réunion : le défi d'une accessibilité pour tous." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053818.
Full textGuénat, Arthur. "Nature et handicap à la Réunion : le défi d'une accessibilité pour tous." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0025/document.
Full textThis thesis falls within the scope of social and human geography and more exactly of« disability studies ». Understanding the disability like a « social object », the thesis analyzes the societal consideration of disabled people in non-urbanized areas with a high issue of touristic, recreational and patrimonial development. In the first place, it's the recent construction of disability as a social object that is discussed by reminding the history of the societal consideration of the disabled person in our occidental world. The French model and his fundamental rule of global accessibility for ail the domains of the social life are explained and the « Nature and Disability » thematic is more precisely analyzed as a development of an active living ideal for people who are in a disability situation. Secondly, the thesis develops this thematic on the particular field of the Reunion Island and tries to answer to a question which is both simple and complicated: « Today, how we live with a disability on the Reunion Island? ». ln a last time and on the basis of this study of the disability inside a Reunion Island society with accelerated transformations, the thesis specifies the current tendencies with the emergence of new public policies for the welcome of disabled people on natural and touristic areas of the island. To conclude and referring to an original survey, the thesis suggests some tools of evaluation and decision-making aids to these areas
Arias, Elisa Félicitas. "Le repère céleste : construction du repère primaire extragalactique et accessibilité par Hipparcos." Observatoire de Paris, 1990. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02094980.
Full textBeaudoin, Mathieu. "Accessibilité géographique potentielle à l'ostéodensitométrie pour la population féminine à risque du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3828.
Full textCharbonneau, Anne. "Accessibilité aux services buccodentaires des personnes vivant avec le VIH-SIDA au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/NQ39729.pdf.
Full textVasudevan, Vandana. "Mobilité et accessibilité spatiale des femmes en milieu urbain : capabilités et bien-être." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH013.
Full textHistorically, women have been kept out of the city planning process due to embedded social and cultural attitudes which restricted them to the private sphere. As planning, architecture and engineering were male dominated professions, few women had a voice at policy-making level of city building, a situation which has not altered drastically even today. With the feminization of the labour force, more women began to occupy the public space and use urban infrastructure.Yet,it was not until the 1970s that feminist geographers began to point out that women’s movement pattern in the city was distinctly different from that of men’s. Women made shorter, more frequent trips and ‘trip chained’ i.e. linking their work trips to trips made for household and family related needs. This was different from men’s trajectories which were largely linear. Women also carried babies and grocery bags and pushed strollers while on the move. They had less access to private vehicles, walked more and used more public transport than men did. These behaviours have over time changed in western societies but remain stubbornly in place in developing countries.Researchers observed that the peculiarities of women’s mobility was due to two factors . Firstly, despite being in the labour force in increasing numbers, women’s responsibilities at home did not change. Working women bore ‘double burden’ of both work and household/child care responsibilities. The resulting ‘time poverty’ impacted their professional careers as women have been found to take jobs closer to home so that commute time can be saved. Consequently, women have restricted themselves to certain types of occupations that can be performed without threatening the management of the home front. Additionally, women’s mobility was restricted spatially and temporally by the risk of sexual harassment in public spaces including in transit environments like buses and metro stations.The studies which brought these issues of gendered mobility to the forefront have almost always been done in western contexts. Very little is known about the mobility of urban working women in less developed countries of Asia. Further, the role and impact of mobility on women’s overall lives has not been examined in existing literature. This study uses a qualitative approach to enhance our understanding of urban women’s experiences of the city as they move through public spaces in the following ways :1)Using the capability approach, the study micro examines urban women’s daily mobilities and their time usage in different activities performed during a working day. Having done that, it focusses on how their capability for mobility affects other capabilities necessary for well being, such as the capabilities for leisure, for health and fitness or for nurturing valued relationships. Such an approach, of looking at women’s mobility through the lens of capabilities and its role in women’s overall lives is a hitherto unexplored perspective.2)The study puts the spotlight on accessibility, showing that while mobility is vital, it is an insufficient condition to improve people’s quality of life. What is more meaningful as a goal for policy makers is the improvement of spatial accessibility, which encompasses reachability and quality of the journey undertaken.3)In order to operationalize the capability approach, a new visual technique named ‘Game of Cards’ using picture cards was created to elicit responses about achieved and potential functionings.4)As the primary research was done in three cities across a developed and developing country-France and India- it offers valuable insights about the commonalities in the lives of working mothers, that cut across the binary of developed and developing countries.The study concludes that the capability for mobility and spatial accessibility is not only vital on its own for women but is also instrumental in the attainment of other capabilities necessary for well being
Encelle, Benoît. "Accessibilité aux documents électroniques : personnalisation de la présentation et de l'interaction avec l'information." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30237.
Full textIn order to improve information accessibility, we developed the concept of "user policies". The objective of user policies is to specify user preferences in terms of presentation (presentation policies) and interaction with information (navigation policies). Using these concepts, presentation and interaction with information are adapted to user's needs, making information more accessible. We introduced the notion of user policies profile in order to gather all user presentation policies and user navigation policies. As XML is the standard for encoding electronic information, we focused our attention on the implementation of these concepts of profile and policies for the personalization of the browsing of XML documents. Two software prototypes were developed in order to validate our proposition: the first one is an XML multimedia browser that personalizes browsing of XML documents and the second is a user policies profile editor
Lebental, Bérengère. "Instrumentation immergée des matériaux cimentaires par des micro-transducteurs ultrasoniques à nanotubes de carbone : perspectives pour le contrôle non destructif in-situ de durabilité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00574780.
Full textLalourcey, Laurent. "Accessibilité des parturientes à l'analgésie péridurale obstétricale, gestion des échecs et satisfaction des parturientes." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11132.
Full textJung, In-Chul. "Accessibilité et représentations cartographiques : approches méthodologiques : exemples en Corée du Sud et en France." Géographie humaine, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR10007.
Full textBéland, Jonathan R. R. "Conception de sites Web accessibles aux handicapés visuels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2522.
Full textReichhart, Frédéric. "Les loisirs touristiques des personnes déficientes en France : entre assimilation et différenciation." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20047.
Full textOur research suggests identifying the modalities of access to « tourist leisure activities », for people with disabilities, and analysing the ideological and institutional foundations which underlie them. From interviews, associative papers and laws, we have established an ideological polarization supported by a structural organization. A logic of differentiation recommending tourist leisure activities only proposed to people with disabilities, forms it self. At the same time, other activities develop themselves in a logic of assimilation and are supported through a policy of certification of structures accessible for the reception of people with disabilities. These two modalities propose to answer to the variety of needs inherent to every type and degree of deficiency
Mercier, Aurélie. "Accessibilité et évaluation des politiques de transport en milieu urbain : le cas du tramway strasbourgeois." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354832.
Full textSur un plan théorique, la thèse vise ainsi à démontrer la cohérence de ce type d'indicateur avec le calcul traditionnel de surplus pour l'intégrer dans une analyse coûts-avantages en complément des gains de temps, habituellement utilisés. Sur un plan empirique, la thèse permet d'évaluer, sur l'aire d'étude de Strasbourg, l'impact de la mise en place d'une politique de transport favorable aux transports en commun sur le niveau d'accessibilité des automobilistes et usagers des transports en commun. Elle repose ainsi sur une modélisation associant un SIG et un modèle à quatre étapes.
Outre une méthodologie standard pouvant être appliquée à d'autres agglomérations, la thèse fournit des résultats intéressants tant en termes d'évaluation de politiques urbaine et de transport que de prospective. La voiture particulière reste, malgré l'amélioration du réseau de transports en commun, le mode le plus performant à l'échelle du territoire. Les transports en commun sont, quant à eux plus performants pour accéder au centre-ville même si les ambitions de réduction des inégalités territoriales ne sont que partiellement atteintes. Des scénarii prospectifs mis en place pour réduire le différentiel d'accessibilité entre ces deux modes (introduction d'un péage urbain ou d'une taxe automobile, limitation des vitesses sur voies rapides et amélioration des fréquences des bus et tramways), l'amélioration des temps de parcours en transports en commun présente les meilleurs résultats.
Stainer, Amélie. "Contribution à la vérification d'automates temporisés : déterminisation, vérification quantitative et accessibilité dans les réseaux d'automates." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S167/document.
Full textThis thesis is about verification of timed automata, a well-established model for real time systems. The document is structured in three parts. The first part is dedicated to the determinization of timed automata, a problem which has no solution in general. We propose an approximate (over-approximation/under-approximation/mix) method based on the construction of a safety game. This method improves both existing approaches by combining their respective advantages. Then, we apply this determinization approach to the generation of conformance tests. In the second part, we take into account quantitative aspects of real time systems thanks to a notion of frequency of accepting states along executions of timed automata. More precisely, the frequency of a run is the proportion of time elapsed in accepting states. Then, we study the set of frequencies of runs of a timed automaton in order to decide, for example, the emptiness of threshold languages. We thus prove that the bounds of the set of frequencies are computable for two classes of timed automata. On the one hand, we prove that bounds are computable in logarithmic space by a non-deterministic procedure in one-clock timed automata. On the other hand, they can be computed in polynomial space in timed automata with several clocks, but having no cycle that forces the convergence between clocks. Finally, we study the reachability problem in networks of timed automata communicating through FIFO channels. We first consider dicrete timed automata, and characterize topologies of networks for which reachability is decidable. Then, this characterization is extended to dense-time automata
Kane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Full textDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Freyssenge, Julie. "Approche géographique de l’Accident Vasculaire Cérébral, accessibilité et analyse spatiale : application à la région Rhône-Alpes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1247/document.
Full textStroke is a sudden and brutal pathology that can lead to serious sequelae. The damage to major neurological functions caused by stroke explains these severe sequelae. In the long term, a disability of very varied nature and severity most often persists, often accompanied by significant depressive syndromes and emotional and sometimes behavioural disorders. In France, stroke is the third leading cause of death among men (13,003 deaths) and the first among women (18,343 deaths) in 2013. The management of stroke patients consists of several sequences: the pre-hospital phase, with an urgent need for transfer to a stroke unit (UNV), then acute hospitalization, with emergency therapeutic management and, finally, direct return home. During the pre-hospital phase, the notion of urgency is essential: the sooner the patient is treated, the more likely he is to reduce the risk of serious sequelae. Indeed, a victim loses 2 million neurons every minute during the acute phase of stroke. Two treatments, which may be complementary, exist: thrombolysis and thrombectomy. They are carried out in the treatment reference structures, the stroke unit (UNV). Areas are not equal in terms of stroke management, either in terms of accessibility or in terms of the spatial distribution of stroke occurrences. The geography of health is thus an essential discipline to address these issues. Geographic tools allow to target populations at risk of delay, but also at higher risk of occurrence. This research work thus pursues different complementary objectives. First, this work aims to describe the patient's accessibility to treatment, regardless of where he is treated, from the moment he calls the SAMU centre 15, depending on the type of vectors of care (SAMU, fire brigade), traffic conditions and therapeutic strategy. In this way, populations at risk of delayed care, and possibly lack of access to treatment, can be identified. In addition, the second objective is to describe the spatial distribution of stroke occurrences and characterize models of spatial distribution of stroke. This distribution is then analyzed using different territorial variables (socio-economic, facilities, environmental) to understand the causes of the over-representation of stroke in some areas. In order to conduct a global characterization of the explanatory causes of stroke occurrence, time series analyses were also conducted to determine, among other things, whether a type of time at risk of stroke exists. The analyses conducted throughout this work were based on data from the thrombolytic stroke registry of a French emergency network called Réseau des Urgences de la Vallée du Rhône (RESUVal), as well as data from the STROKE 69 cohort in the Rhone. In addition, the evaluation of accessibility in the department was able to benefit from the use of the SDMIS database.This work is intended to be very operational, making it possible to propose ways to improve stroke management in the region: in terms of the organization and distribution of structures that can treat patients, but also in terms of public policies to raise awareness among populations at risk of having a stroke
Mauvieux, Laurent. "Accessibilité à l'ADN de la recombinase V(D)J : le locus TCR alpha/delta comme modèle." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N108.
Full textThe diversity of antigen receptors is composed from the recombination of their V, D and J segments. The mecanisms underlying the regulation of the recombination are poorly understood, but rely on the accessibility of the DNA to the V(D)J recombinase. We showed in this work that the two T cell receptors TCR J alpha are not randomly, but rather coincidentally rearranged in a given T cell. This coincidence relies, in part, on the presence of <> (TEA), a cis regulatorygenetic element located upstream of the TCRJA cluster
El, Assoudi Rachida. "Accessibilité par des champs de vecteurs invariants sur un groupe de Lie et ses espaces homogènes." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10006.
Full textRegnet, Jean Baptiste. "Propriétés physiques et comportement mécanique des roches carbonatées microporeuses : Approche intégrée expérimentale et microstructurale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0718/document.
Full textThis integrated study provides significant insight into parameters controlling (1) the acoustic and reservoir properties of microporous limestone and (2) the mechanical behavior of such rocks. This work improves the knowledge of the relationships among rock physic and rock mechanic on one hand, and the microstructural content on the other hand.(1) Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools (porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity and acoustic properties) have been coupled with thin section and SEM observations on the EST205 borehole from the Oxfordian limestone aquifer of the Eastern part of the Paris Basin. A major achievement is the establishment of the link between micrite microtexture types (particle morphology and nature of inter-crystal contacts) and the physical response. Fluid-flow properties are enhanced by the progressive augmentation of intercrystalline microporosity and associated pore throat diameter, as the coalescence of micrite particle decreases between relatively coarser tight morphologies and microporous morphologies. The slow increase of P-wave velocity can be seen as a reflection of crystal size and growing contact cementation leading to a more cohesive and stiffer micrite microtexture. By applying poroelasticity theory on our samples, we show that velocity dispersion can be a very useful tool for data discrimination in carbonates. Finally, a possible origin of high porous levels in neritic limestones is a mineralogical dissolution of carbonates through freshwater-related diagenesis during subaerial exposure time.(2) Regarding rock mechanic, conventional triaxial experiments were performed on samples from the Oolithe Blanche formation (Middle Jurassic Limestone, Paris basin) to investigate the effect of different microstructural parameter on the mechanical behavior of microporous carbonate rocks. Type A samples display two different microporosity distributions within the grains (uniform versus rimmed microporosity) and type B samples are based on the presence/absence of an isopachous cement around the ooids. This work is of primary importance since the Oolithe Blanche formation, a deep saline aquifer, is a possible target for CO2 sequestration and geothermal production in the center of the Paris Basin. Experiments were performed under saturated state with respectively two sets of experimental conditions: (1) a 5 MPa pore pressure and a 28 MPa confining pressure with a temperature of 55°C for Type A carbonates to mimic in-situ conditions in the Center of the Paris Basin; and (2) a 0.5 MPa pore pressure and a 1.5 MPa confining pressure for Type B samples. Sample types have similar facies and composition (oolithic microporous grainstone with a 500µm average grain size), and porosity ranges from 17% to 20%. Permeability values are also very similar and range from 10-2 mD to 10-1 mD.(1) Type A samples with a rimmed porosity display a typical behavior of the brittle failure regime with stress-strain curves reaching a peak (138 MPa) beyond which strain softening was recorded, and strain localization on a shear fracture. (2) Type A samples with a uniform porosity display a ductile behavior with no localization of the deformation.(2) Type B samples with isopachous cement show a brittle behavior with stress drop (16 MPa to 18 MPa) and localization on a shear fracture. When isopachous cements are absent, a more ductile type of behavior is observed. Our set of data suggests that those two microstructural parameters have a significant control on the mechanical behavior of carbonate rocks
Gagné, Annabelle. "La migration et le développement dans une municipalité maya du Yucatán : Des possibilités envisageables, une accessibilité relative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30247/30247.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is about the effects of economic globalization on a highly marginalized rural population. More specifically, it examines the relations between development and migration in a municipality of Southern Yucatan, in Mexico. The author tries to reveal what fosters or hinders people to participate in development projects and to migrate toward national destinations or to another country. Gender, ethnicity – more specifically language capabilities –, and socioeconomic status are important elements for understanding participation in those activities. The most excluded women, targeted by development agencies, seem to be unable to take part in the projects and they migrate with more difficulties. Ethnicity also plays an important role. In the community of Chacsinkín, almost everyone speaks the maya language, but Spanish as a second language is a facilitating factor for participation in development projects and migration. Finally, participation in development projects and migration is influenced by socioeconomic status and are easier for those who are included in the most powerful political and economic networks.
Serna, Morales Andrés Felipe. "Analyse sémantique de nuages de points 3D dans le milieu urbain : sol, façades, objets urbains et accessibilité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0052/document.
Full textMost important cities in the world have very detailed 2D urban plans of streets and public spaces.These plans contain information about roads, sidewalks, facades and urban objects such as lampposts, traffic signs, bollards, trees, among others.Nowadays, several local authorities, national mapping agencies and private companies have began to consider justifiable including 3D information, navigation options and accessibility issues into urban maps.Compared to the first 3D scanning systems 30 years ago, current laser scanners are cheaper, faster and provide more accurate and denser 3D point clouds.Urban analysis from these data is difficult and tedious, and existing semi-automatic methods may not be sufficiently precise nor robust.In that sense, automatic methods for 3D urban semantic analysis are required.This thesis contributes to the field of semantic analysis of 3D point clouds from urban environments.Our methods are based on elevation images and illustrate how mathematical morphology can be exploited to develop a complete 3D processing chain including six main steps:i)~filtering and preprocessing;ii)~ground segmentation and accessibility analysis;iii)~facade segmentation,iv)~object detection;v)~object segmentation;and, vi)~object classification.Additionally, we have worked on the integration of our results into a large-scale production chain. In that sense, our results have been exported as 3D point clouds for visualization and modeling purposes and integrated as shapefiles into Geographical Information Systems (GIS).Our methods have been qualitative and quantitative tested in several databases from the state of the art and from TerraMobilita project.Our results show that our methods are accurate, fast and outperform other works reported in the literature on the same databases.Conclusions and perspectives for future work are discussed as well
Coupé, Aurélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de particules aluminosilicates à porosité contrôlée par atomisation : application à la catalyse." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066491.
Full textGamache, Stéphanie. "L'accessibilité des aménagements piétonniers aux personnes présentant des incapacités physiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33250.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The increasing proportion of individuals with physical disabilities (motor, visual or hearing) is an important source of concern. These individuals face numerous daily difficulties related to built environments. Pedestrian infrastructures (e.g., signage, crosswalks, sidewalks) are no exception. Due to their design and maintenance, they pose numerous obstacles limiting the efficiency and the safety of travelling habits of individuals with physical disabilities. This can greatly hinder their ability to fulfill daily tasks. As of now, in the province of Quebec, there are no uniform or clear guidelines based on scientific evidence ensuring accessibility to pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. This thesis’s general objective is to identify pedestrian infrastructures’ features favouring accessibility and safe mobility of individuals with physical disabilities applicable in the province of Quebec. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS PER SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: A partnership/participative approach has been used (consultative committee: ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l’Électrification des Transports du Québec (MTMDET), Union des municipalités du Québec (UMQ), Fédération québécoise des municipalités (FQM), Office des personnes handicapées du Québec (OPHQ), Confédération des organismes des personnes handicapées du Québec (COPHAN), Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC) and Ville de Québec). The three following specific objectives have been pursued: 1) Identify existing practices for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities in Quebec’s municipalities and the associated needs. A web survey, addressed to municipalities (n=507 identified) of various sizes, was developed by Tailored Design Method. It allowed the identification of existing practices, facilitators, and obstacles for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures in Quebec’s municipalities as well as their needs regarding support for their design. Quantitative descriptive and recursive partitioning analyses revealed that Quebec’s municipalities have few resources/tools to design accessible pedestrian infrastructures, particularly those of less than 15 000 inhabitants (without the obligation of an action plan for individuals with physical disabilities according to the policy À part entière pour un véritable exercice du droit à l’égalité). Accessible practices also present when other practices of the same nature are in place, which implementation should be favoured, as well as the need for a tool to help design practitioners through the design process of accessible pedestrian infrastructures have been identified. 2) Review accessible and safe pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. A mapping review (scientific and grey literature) allowed the compilation of recommendations for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures from 41 scientific articles, evaluated for their quality which was judged as low to moderate, and 96 pertinent documents. The recommendations, which were numerous, varied and were potentially not applicable in the province of Quebec, were rarely evaluated to identify their level of accessibility for various groups of individuals with physical disabilities or confronted to find an ideal solution. 3) Evaluate accessibility and applicability, in the province of Quebec, of the identified accessible and safe pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. Nominal groups took place with individuals with physical disabilities, health clinicians and researchers in the fields of rehabilitation and design (accessibility experts) to determine which recommendations, from the mapping review, were judged as ensuring accessibility to individuals with physical disabilities. Other nominal groups took place with municipal and transportation agencies’ representatives to determine if the recommendations identified by the accessibility experts were applicable. The final recommendations, forwarded to all the consulted experts, provided a high level of agreement. Only few minor modifications had to be brought. Consequently, design guidelines were developed for eight pedestrian infrastructures: 1) Curb cuts; 2) Sidewalks; 3) Crosswalks; 4) Signage; 5) Rest areas/urban furniture; 6) Ramps; 7) Stairs; and 8) Handrails. A compilation of recommendations has been produced for bus stops, design guidelines could not be developed for this pedestrian infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS : The developed design guidelines, based on scientific evidence, have been judged as useful and applicable in the province of Quebec for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures. They are susceptible of being accepted and applied by Quebec’s municipalities. They have a strong potential in aiming for better accessibility and increased social participation of individuals with physical disabilities.
Guiu, Emeline. "Etalonnage de la mission spatiale MICROSCOPE : optimisation des performances." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2156.
Full textThe objective ot the MICROSCOPE mission is to verify the Equivalence Principle to a precision never archieved before. The test is based on the precise measurement of a gravitational signal by a differential electrostatic accelerometer on board a microsatellite in free fall. The knowledge of certain inertial or dimensional instrument parameters is crucial for the precision of the calculation, but these parameters cannot be measured on ground with the precision required. Certain procedures are thus planned to determine their exact values in orbit, during a calibration phase preceding the test campaign. As the flight instument cannot function on ground, the procedures must be validated by a computer simulation. The work described in this thesis consists in a proposal of a set of calibration procedures, and the development of a simulation to validate it. The first step of the approach consists in establishing the equations for the satellite dynamics, including the continuous attitude control and drag compensation. The analysis of this model allows the determination of which parameters must be calibrated and then the development of a set of specifications to guarantee their impact on the calibrated measurement is less than the desired precision. The calibration procedures are then designed to identify each paramater, which includes the measurement acquisition scenarios but also the protocols for the data processing. Due to the high precision required, the scenarios are specific and the data processing is inspired by the methods of calculation by intervals. Finally, a detailed simulation of the instrument and its environment is developed to validate the proposed procedures
Uster, Guillaume. "Amélioration de l'accessibilité des autobus urbains pour les personnes à mobilité réduite : aide à l'accostage." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10125.
Full textAit, El Menceur Mohand Ouidir. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation du mouvement d'entrée dans des véhicules automobiles à géométrie variable : application aux mouvements d'entrée des personnes âgées et/ou ayant des déficiences motrices." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9af8c69a-6673-4f19-a631-11a69e374902.
Full textThe difficulty from which suffer elderly and/or disabled people when entering or exiting an automobile vehicle can lead them to never use it again. The car manufacturers are conscious of this fact and they are more and more interested in these growing elderly and/or disabled populations prone to locomotor apparatus disorders and in this complex gesture requiring a precise coordination of the human body articular movements. An alternative to understand and predict this movement is to use the digital simulation. Works completed in this thesis fall under this context and concern the kinematic simulation of the vehicle entering movement of a humanoid (constituted of a head, a trunk, a basin and lower limbs) in variably-dimensioned vehicles by using real data resulting from the experimentation. To solve this "complex" problem, we propose a three stage methodological procedure. A first stage carries on the constitution of a base of movements that we name "exploitable" movements which are issued from the experimentation carried out on two variably-dimensioned vehicles. These "exploitable" movements are the result of digital processing applied to the measured entry movements. These processing allow, among others, to adapt the measured joint articulation angles to the humanoid in order to avoid possible collisions with the cockpit which would not have been noted during the experiments. A second stage relates to the automatically analysis and identification of the vehicle entering movement strategies. This stage proceeds in four phases and it allows the identification of 2 entry movement strategies and 6 sub–strategies. A third stage, made up of 4 phases as well, uses the assets resulting from stages 1 and 2 to simulate an entry movement of a subject of the base adopting a given sub-strategy in another vehicle of different geometry. The simulation of the entry movement of the same subject in another vehicle concerns an inverse kinematics problem solved by constrained nonlinear programming. Simulations, implying elderly and/or having prostheses people, make it possible to validate the suggested procedure for the two entry strategies. In spite of the differences with the measured movements, the simulated movements are in conformity with the sub-strategies adopted by the subjects during the experiments. Furthermore, the realized simulations make it possible to explain partly the changes of strategy operated by some subjects, during the experiments, when shifting from one vehicle to another. Finally, simulations on fictitious vehicles show the limits of the developed simulation tool. This work opens several prospects for research as well concerning the improvement of simulation, by considering for example the intra-individual differences of subjects or the dynamics of the movement, as the development of new ergonomic indices in order to consider discomfort associated with the simulated movements
Debay, Patrick. "Amélioration de l'accessibilité des autobus urbains pour les personnes à mobilité réduite : guidage à l'accostage." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-226.pdf.
Full textUne fois le problème définit, nous avons réalisé un état de l'art des dispositifs mis en oeuvre pour supprimer la marche rendant l'accès aux autobus difficile voire impossible aux personnes à mobilité réduite. Enfin, nous avons présenté les différentes expériences et réalisations de systèmes d'aide à l'accostage. De plus, un état de l'art des différentes techniques envisageables pour assurer le positionnement et le suivi d'un véhicule dans un environnement donne a été réalisé. La deuxième partie de la thèse intitulée le guidage semi-automatique des autobus en zone d'accostage est consacré à la réalisation d'une commande permettant l'accostage d'un bus. La première phase de cette partie était de trouver un modèle cinématique et dynamique d'un autobus. Notre approche consiste à insérer dans le modèle cinématique des paramètres liés à la dynamique du véhicule. Ensuite, nous simulerons l'accostage d'un autobus à l'aide du modèle choisi. Enfin, comme la validation du modèle donne des résultats satisfaisants, nous avons déterminé une loi de commande du véhicule
Sorin, Laurent. "Contributions des architectures textuelles à l'accessibilité non-visuelle des documents numériques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20132/document.
Full textDigital accessibility plays a crucial role for the education, the social inclusion and the autonomy of impaired people. This work focused on a universal component of digital documents: text formatting. Colors, fonts and text disposition are far more than just an ornament; text formatting conveys important meaning for content comprehension, and allows reader to optimize their activity. For instance, a specific set of colors and font can be enough to indicate the presence of a title, which allows a global representation of the content themes. Thus, we aimed at making text formatting meaning accessible to visually impaired people, so they can obtain the same information as sighted readers, and also benefit from the same optimizations when accessing the document with synthetic voices
Ranise, Cécile. "Musées, accessibilité et handicap : l’accessibilité des musées nationaux de Budapest (Hongrie) et l’accueil des visiteurs en situation de handicap (tous handicaps) : Etudes de cas de trois musées emblématiques : états des lieux, analyses de l’existant, conception et réalisation de projets de mise en accessibilité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3086.
Full textThe accessibility of the Hungarian museums for people with disabilities - i.e. in a broader sense accessibility of the building, access to information and communication and access to cultural and artistic practices - represents today not only a legal obligation but actually a substantial contribution to the enlargement of the public. Thanks to the voluntarist politics in the museums regarding services of handicapped people, thanks to the special adjustment of the buildings, to the information and communication appliences, to the cultural services and even to the pedagogical means and methods in a constant technological development and innovation, it is possible to take into consideration all types of visitors with disabilities and to provide them with services adjusted to their expectations and needs. Nevertheless in practice this is not always so obvious in Hungary, the dialogue between handicapped people and the Hungarian museums started just recently. In order to investigate this subject matter, three national museums have been selected in Budapest to be examined in a case study. The aim was to see and analyse their conditions of accessibility and implement the projects related to accesibility and to the actions how to welcome a public with disabilities. The conclusions drawn from the different projects developped in these three museums make it possible to set up recommendations and suggestions and to propose action plans particularly to the professionals working in the museums
Amiaud, David. "Tourisme et handicap : recherche sur les conditions d'accessibilité aux aménités du littoral." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROF044/document.
Full textPeople with disabilities can they be tourists ? Facing the discrepancy between the deficient body and the environment, what actions can be implemented to facilitate access of tourists with limited mobility to coastal amenities ? Spatial discontinuities create situations of disability and entail strong socio-spatial inequalities when it's a matter in access to territorial resources. Faced with this situation the law of February 11th 2005 mandates the establishment of public policy of accessibility based on the paradigm of design for all. If it is recognized that people with disabilities have the right to work, access to holidays and leisure attached to it are less taken into account in our society. Yet, the right to tourism is a strong social claim by disabled people. To answer this, French government help to create new modalities of access to tourism practices through the label "Tourisme & handicap". Widely unprecedented in the French geographic research, the relationship between tourism and disability raises yet many questions about mobility, mode of dwelling tourist, socio-spatial inclusion or citizenship of people with disabilities. For this we will do, using the tools of Geography, like GIS, the hypothesis of the usefulness of a territorial model tourism accessible so that the public policy of disability can contribute to fight effectively against spatial injustices, to facilitate the acceptance of human diversity and to maximise conditions of concretisation well-being of people otherwise capable
Nader, Mirella. "Etude de poudres et films mésoporeux par RMN du 129Xe hyperpolarisé." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066363.
Full textSpinu, Monica. "Evaluation des paramètres physiques et physico-chimiques qui influencent l'accessibilité de la cellulose." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00612881.
Full textGamache, Stéphanie. "Développement d'indicateurs de mesure de l'accessibilité aux infrastructures urbaines pour les adultes ayant des déficiences physiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29733/29733.pdf.
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