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Academic literature on the topic 'Access visits'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Access visits"

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Alves, Luciana Valadão Vasconcelos, Sonia Acioli, Vanessa De Almeida Ferreira Corrêa, and Juliana Roza Dias. "Características do acesso à visita domiciliar: visão de enfermeiros." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 10, no. 31 (September 28, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2020.10.31.57-64.

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Caracterizar o acesso à visita domiciliar do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em uma área de planejamento do município do Rio de Janeiro. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 25 enfermeiros. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica hermenêutica-dialética. O acesso à visita domiciliar ocorre através da demanda de agentes comunitários de saúde, observações na consulta de enfermagem e pelo próprio usuário. São visitas voltadas às principais linhas de cuidado, acamados e com dificuldades de deambulação. O acesso à visita domiciliar do enfermeiro volta-se principalmente a agravos específicos e não às práticas de promoção da saúde. Essas informações podem apoiar a construção de estratégias voltadas à ampliação do acesso dos usuários a visita domiciliar do enfermeiro.Descritores: Saúde da Família, Enfermagem em Saúde Pública, Visita Domiciliar. Analysis of cognitive ergonomics in nursing in hemodialysis clinicAbstract: To characterize the access to home visits by nurses in the Family Health Strategy, in a planning area in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, whose data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, with 25 nurses. For data analysis, the hermeneutic-dialectic technique was used. Access to home visits occurs through the demand for community health agents, observations in the nursing consultation and by the user himself. They are visits aimed at the main lines of care, bedridden and with walking difficulties. Access to the nurse's home visit is directed mainly to specific problems and not to health promotion practices. This information can support the construction of strategies aimed at expanding users access to nurses home visits.Descriptors: Family Health, Nurses Public Health, House Calls. Características del acceso a visitas domiciliarias: visión de las enfermeirasResumen: Caracterizar el acceso a las visitas domiciliarias por parte de enfermeras en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, en un área de planificación en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, cuya recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, con 25 enfermeras. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la técnica hermenéutica-dialéctica. El acceso a las visitas domiciliarias se produce a través de la demanda de agentes de salud comunitarios, observaciones en la consulta de enfermería y por el propio usuario. Son visitas dirigidas a las principales líneas de atención, encamadas y con dificultades para caminar. El acceso a la visita domiciliaria de la enfermera se dirige principalmente a problemas específicos y no a prácticas de promoción de la salud. Esta información puede apoyar la construcción de estrategias destinadas a ampliar el acceso de los usuarios a las visitas domiciliarias de las enfermeras.Descriptores: Salud Familiar, Visita Domiciliaria, Enfermería en Salud Pública.
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Kim, So Lim, Angela Everett, Susan J. Rehm, Steven Gordon, and Nabin Shrestha. "Emergency Department Visits During Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: A Cohort Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S333—S334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.791.

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Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) carries risk of vascular access complications, antimicrobial adverse effects, and worsening of infection. Both OPAT-related and unrelated events may lead to emergency department (ED) visits. The purpose of this study was to describe adverse events that result in ED visits and risk factors associated with ED visits during OPAT. Methods OPAT courses between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016 at Cleveland Clinic were identified from the institution’s OPAT registry. ED visits within 30 days of OPAT initiation were reviewed. Reasons and potential risk factors for ED visits were sought in the medical record. Results Among 11,440 OPAT courses during the study period, 603 (5%) were associated with 1 or more ED visits within 30 days of OPAT initiation. Mean patient age was 58 years and 57% were males. 379 ED visits (49%) were OPAT-related; the most common visit reason was vascular access complication, which occurred in 211 (56%) of OPAT-related ED visits. The most common vascular access complications were occlusion and dislodgement, which occurred in 99 and 34 patients (47% and 16% of vascular access complications, respectively). In a multivariable logistic regression model, at least one prior ED visit in the preceding year (prior ED visit) was most strongly associated with one or more ED visits during an OPAT course (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.38 – 3.71, p-value < 0.001). Other significant factors were younger age (p 0.01), female sex (p 0.01), home county residence (P < 0.001), and having a PICC (p 0.05). 549 ED visits (71%) resulted in discharge from the ED within 24 hours, 18 (2%) left against medical advice, 46 (6%) were observed up to 24 hours, and 150 ED visits (20%) led to hospital admission. Prior ED visit was not associated with hospital admission among patients who visited the ED during OPAT. Conclusion OPAT-related ED visits are most often due to vascular access complications, especially line occlusions. Patients with a prior ED visit in the preceding year have a 3-fold higher odds of at least one ED visit during OPAT compared with patients without a prior ED visit. A strategy of managing occlusions at home and a focus on patients with prior ED visits could potentially prevent a substantial proportion of OPAT-related ED visits. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Master, Samip R., Poornima Ramadas, and Richard Preston Mansour. "Telemedicine in Hematology: Tool to Improve Access and Patient Satisfaction." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-152108.

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Abstract Introduction: Telemedicine can transform the future of medicine, especially in rural settings by improving access to medical care. Here were present the patient satisfaction data from both telemedicine and regular visits in our Hematology & Oncology clinics. In Hematology, we have used tele medicine for sickle cell disease, benign hematology cases like iron deficiency, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis etc., and in malignant hematology for new patient consults, toxicity checks, follow up of plasma cell disorders, chronic leukemias and low intensity chemotherapies. Methods: We retrospectively collected patient satisfaction survey data from March 2020 to April 2021 for both telemedicine and regular visits. The patients were allowed to give a score from 1 to 99 regarding their experience at visit. We collected data on the following: likelihood of recommending, care provider, access and overall assessment. Results: A total of 53 patient satisfaction survey were available for telemedicine and 462 for regular visits. Over 60 % of tele visits were non cancer related and 40% were cancer related. The average score for likelihood of recommending, care provider, access, and overall assessment for tele visit were 73.5, 41.5, 73.5 and 62 respectively. The average score for likelihood of recommending, care provider, access, and overall assessment for regular visit were 13.75, 7.5, 26.5, and 11 respectively. Conclusion: The patient satisfaction scores for likelihood of recommending, care provider, access and overall assessment were significantly better for tele visits compared to regular visits. Disclosures Master: Blue Bird Bio: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.
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Bishop, Kenneth D., Mary Anne Fenton, Tara Szymanski, and Megan Begnoche. "Reduction of emergency department utilization via access to outpatient cancer care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.128.

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128 Background: Emergency department (ED) utilization for non-emergent medical problems is an inefficient use of medical resources. During calendar year 2013, 224 RIH adult cancer patients presented to the RIH ED. Retrospective review indicated up to 50% of these ED visits were avoidable. Methods: This project was developed for the ASCO Quality Training Program. A multidisciplinary team was assembled to address ED utilization. Retrospective chart review of ED visits included time and reason for visit and primary tumor site. The team selected the Lung Cancer as the target group, developed a cause-and-effect analysis for ED visits, administered a patient survey, and implemented a series of Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The team implemented a patient education process of nurse sick-line symptom management and same-day sick visits at RIH CCC as well as developing a single-page patient “sick-line tool” with oncology nurse sick-line contact telephone numbers. A patient navigator introduced the sick-line tool at the first visit and its usage was reinforced at subsequent visits. Results: For RIH CCC lung cancer patients, a standardized symptom-control education process correlated with 30% decrease in ED visits for any presenting complaint (42 visits vs. 60 visits) and 32% decrease in ED visits with presenting complaint of pain (13 visits vs. 19 visits) during January/February 2014 compared to January/February 2013. We did not find significant differences between the proportion of ED visits during Cancer Center business hours, evenings, or weekends. Sick-line calls were found to increase by 53% during January 2014 compared to December 2013 with an additional 35% increase in February 2014. Conclusions: A standardized patient education process resulted in a significant decrease in ED visits, concurrent with an increase in outpatient sick-line utilization. This may reflect an improvement in efficiency of outpatient cancer patient care in a single-institution setting. Given other reports of increased ED utilization by lung cancer patients for similar presenting reasons, these improvements may be generalizable to other institutions.
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Diana Palandri, Hanna Raber, Casey Tak, Elizabeth Bald, Katherine Hastings, and Karen Gunning. "Improving Patient Access to Primary Care Providers Using a Pharmacist-Physician Co-Visit Model." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v14i2.5106.

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Background: Implementation of a clinical pharmacist in the primary care setting can offset provider time spent managing chronic diseases using Collaborative Practice Agreements (CPAs). The pharmacist-physician co-visit model presents an opportunity for pharmacists to increase patient access to their primary care provider (PCP). Studies of the co-visit model show that co-visits increase clinic efficiency by allowing the PCP to see additional patients and achieve more health care goals compared with independent visits. Objectives: The aim of this study was to increase patient access to their PCP by utilizing a pharmacist-physician co-visit model at the Madsen Health Center Family Medicine (MHC FM) Clinic. The primary outcome was to identify the number of co-visits completed compared to the number of possible co-visits, and the number of appointment slots made available. The secondary outcomes were to track the time spent with patients and to obtain provider feedback via a survey. Methods: The co-visit model was implemented as a 4-month pilot study at the MHC FM Clinic. Complex care appointments lasting 40 minutes were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Potential co-visit appointments were identified one week prior then provider consent was obtained to change the appointment into two separate 20-minute visits. Schedules were reviewed to determine if the appointment slot opened by the co-visit was filled by another patient. Upon completion of the study, a survey was distributed to providers to collect feedback. Results: A total of five co-visits were completed out of a possible 19 (26%). All the appointments made available were filled by another patient. On average, the provider and pharmacist spent 15 and 14 minutes with the patient, respectively. Conclusion: Implementation of the physician-pharmacist co-visit model increased the availability of the PCP to see more patients without disrupting clinic workflow and provider schedules.
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SEONAE YEO. "Language Barriers and Access to Care." Annual Review of Nursing Research 22, no. 1 (January 2004): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.22.1.59.

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The purpose of this chapter is to examine how language barriers contribute to health disparities among ethnic and racial minorities in the United States. A literature search was systematically conducted using selected computer databases (MEDLINE and CINAHL). Searches were limited to English-language-published research in the years from 1985 to 2003. A total of 47 published articles were included in this review. Overall these studies indicate that language barriers are associated with longer visit time per clinic visit, less frequent clinic visits, less understanding of physician’s explanation, more lab tests, more emergency room visits, less follow-up, and less satisfaction with health services. The results also indicate that people who are older, poorer, and female tend to have severe language barriers compared to those who are younger, wealthier, and male. Improvement of communication between patients and providers in relation to health disparity consists of cultural competency and communication skills. Implications of these studies for practice and further research are outlined.
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Hu, Qinglin, Xiaobing Li, and Mercedes M. Morales-Alemán. "Pathway analysis to characterize the relationships between healthcare access and healthcare visits in the United States using the health information national trends survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2022): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221206.

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Background: Americans had fewer healthcare visits compared to their counterparts in other developed countries. The lack of regular check-ups can contribute to worsening health conditions. Insurance coverage, access to transportation to healthcare services, and having accessed health information via the internet are known to be associated with frequency of healthcare visits. However, there is limited literature detailing the direct and indirect influences of these variables on frequency of patients’ healthcare visits. We aimed to understand the interactive relationship between insurance coverage, access to transportation to healthcare services, and having accessed health information via the internet on frequency of patient healthcare visits.Methods: We used data from the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3504), the only survey year providing the source for information on insurance coverage, access to transportation to healthcare services, and having accessed health information via the internet. We used descriptive statistics, random parameter binary logistic regression, and pathway analysis to describe and analyze the associations between these determinants of healthcare access and healthcare visits.Results: Results indicated that access to transportation to healthcare services (18.32%) and having insurance coverage (27.89%) were directly associated with healthcare visit frequency whereas the association between having accessed health information via the internet and reporting a healthcare visit, compare to the former two, was weaken (10.87%). Residential area (rural/urban), health conditions, age, race/ethnicity, employment status were directly associated with visit frequency whereas income status and education level were associated with healthcare visits indirectly through insurance.Conclusions: Better understanding interactive relationships between healthcare access determinants will be key to the development of healthcare access interventions aimed at reducing healthcare disparities.
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Banty, Andrea, Theodore Solomon, Susie Lee, Viankail Cedillo Castelan, Alyssa Parry, Joseph Davey, Jovina Paredes, et al. "A NURSE LED INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO CARE USING A TELEPHONE TRIAGE ALGORITHM." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (January 26, 2023): S40—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.074.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory condition for which patients may require care on a more urgent basis. Response times can be delayed when clinics are inundated with calls or when providers are not available for immediate patient care. We developed and tested an algorithm to empower nurses to effectively triage phone calls and improve access. METHODS We created an algorithm for nurses handling phone calls and electronic messages to a tertiary care IBD clinic. Calls were divided into four categories: Needs Immediate Response, Disease Flare, Routine and Other. IBD nurses triaged calls to facilitate urgent visits with a nurse practitioner (NP) when deemed appropriate, bypassing physician review or response. We compared the time from call-to-visit during the 3 months before and 3 months after implementation of the algorithm. We also assessed clinical outcomes of these urgently scheduled visits including visit type (in-person or virtual), and whether there was a change in dose or type of therapy, new prescription of steroids, or emergency room referral. We used the Mann Whitney U Test to assess for pre-post changes. RESULTS We randomly assessed 60 visits per month in the 3 months before and 3 months after the algorithm was implemented (June 1, 2022), for a total of 360 visits. The median time from call-to-visit improved from 5 days during the 3 months prior to the algorithm implementation to 3.5 days during the 3 months after algorithm implementation (p=0.016). There was no significant change in visit type pre- and post-intervention. Overall clinical interventions during these visits included therapy change (36%), a new prescription of corticosteroids (9%), new diagnostic testing ordered (67%) and ER referral (1%); these did not significantly differ in the pre- and post-intervention periods. CONCLUSION Utilization of a phone call triage algorithm by nurses can help improve the time from call-to-visit without involvement of a physician. Urgently scheduled NP visits result in important clinical interventions including changes to therapy and diagnostic testing. Implementation of nurse-led triage algorithms can improve access to care in a tertiary IBD clinic.
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Majors, Lauren, and Mary Unangst. "Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Telelactation Program." Clinical Lactation 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-20-00009.

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BackgroundTelelactation is a modality for delivering remote clinical lactation care using telecommunications technology. Sonder Health, in partnership with Amwell, began offering synchronous video telelactation services to health plans and employer groups in 2016.MethodsWe completed a retrospective data analysis on a randomized selection of 1,087 telelactation visits covered by a health plan or employee-sponsored health plan conducted between 2016–2019. Our aim is to describe a telelactation model and review selected visits for technical modalities utilized, clinical workflow, top self-reported chief conditions, patient satisfaction, visit duration, acuity levels, alternative care options, peak visit time, visits conducted during or after business hours, and days visits took place, and discuss the potential for telelactation to bridge the gaps in timely access to IBCLC-level breastfeeding support.ResultsUsing a 5-star rating system, 95% of patients gave a 5-star rating; 52% of visits occurred outside normal business hours. Top three conditions identified: latching (31%), supply (24%), and nipple/breast pain (15%). Without access to the service, 59% reported they would have accessed an urgent care, emergency department, retail health clinic, or other office appointment; 41% reported they would have sought care “nowhere.”ConclusionsThis telelactation program provided access to skilled, comprehensive clinical lactation care and documents a strong use case for telelactation services.
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Goldstein, Karen M., Kathleen R. Perry, Allison Lewinski, Conor Walsh, Megan E. Shepherd-Banigan, Hayden B. Bosworth, Hollis Weidenbacher, Dan V. Blalock, and Leah L. Zullig. "How can equitable video visit access be delivered in primary care? A qualitative study among rural primary care teams and patients." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e062261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062261.

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ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic sparked exponential growth in video visit use in primary care. The rapid shift to virtual from in-person care exacerbated digital access disparities across racial groups and rural populations. Moving forward, it is critical to understand when and how to incorporate video visits equitably into primary care. We sought to develop a novel clinical algorithm to guide primary care clinics on how and when to employ video visits as part of care delivery.DesignQualitative data collection: one team member conducted all patient semistructured interviews and led all focus groups with four other team members taking notes during groups.Setting3 rural primary care clinics in the USA.Participants24 black veterans living in rural areas and three primary care teams caring for black veterans living in rural areas.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFindings from semistructured interviews with patients and focus groups with primary care teams.ResultsKey issues around appropriate use of video visits for clinical teams included having adequate technical support, encouraging engagement during video visits and using video visits for appropriate clinical situations. Patients reported challenges with broadband access, inadequate equipment, concerns about the quality of video care, the importance of visit modality choice, and preferences for in-person care experience over virtual care. We developed an algorithm that requires input from both patients and their care team to assess fit for each clinical encounter.ConclusionsInformed matching of patients and clinical situations to the right visit modality, along with individual patient technology support could reduce virtual access disparities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Access visits"

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Shaffer, Claire. "EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT CROWDING: EXPLORING BIAS AND BARRIERS TO EQUITABLE ACCESS OF EMERGENCY CARE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/487771.

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Urban Bioethics
M.A.
The emergency department (ED) has often been considered the safety net of the American healthcare system. It earned this distinction because every person in the United States has access to a medical screening exam and stabilization at an ED regardless of their ability to pay. Unfortunately, over the past several decades, decreasing numbers of EDs and inpatient beds, coupled with increasing rates of ED usage, has led to crowding of EDs across the country. Crowding leads to unsafe conditions that may increase morbidity and mortality for patients, or cause patients to leave the ED without being evaluated by a physician. Essentially, crowding causes a barrier for patients to access their right to emergency evaluation. The problem of crowding is most pronounced in large urban communities, and these already frequently underserved patients suffer the most from the crowding burden. The main cause of crowding seems to be the boarding of admitted patients in the ED, however many often cite high rates of non-urgent patients presenting to the ED as a cause of crowding. Some have even suggested diverting non-urgent patients to help solve the problem of crowding. I became interested in this topic due to crowding concerns and initiatives to decrease the number of patients who left without being seen at my own institution. As I reviewed relevant research, I became aware of my own misconceptions and noted a trend of literature suggesting non-urgent patients are not the cause of crowding. Drawing on research from many different sources, paired with evaluation based on principles in bioethics, I have come to several conclusions. I believe the systematic diversion of non-urgent patients is unsafe, and that the unequal burden of ED crowding on urban communities represents an unjust barrier in access to care. We must continue to carefully research the demographics of patients frequently presenting to EDs to avoid perpetuating stereotypes about which types of patients are responsible for crowding. We should also look for ways to ease the crowding burden in urban communities. Additionally, we should take a qualitative assessment of our individual communities to determine if there are any particular reasons in our community that people choose to use the ED rather than other healthcare options. I believe these suggestions can be an important addition to the efforts already in motion to help reduce ED crowding and provide equitable access to emergency medical evaluation.
Temple University--Theses
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Manu, Alexander Ansah. "Newhints home visits cluster randomised controlled trial : impact on access to care for sick newborns and determinants, facilitators and barriers to this." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/768506/.

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Approximately 3.3 million (41 %) of global child deaths occur among children in the first 28 days of life (the neonatal period). Neonatal death reduction is imperative to achieving the 4th millennium development goal (MDG-4) which seeks to reduce global child deaths by two-thirds its levels in 1990 come 2015. Three direct causes: infections, asphyxia, and prematurity or low birthweight and its complications account for approximately 80% of these deaths, majority of which are preventable. Infection is the single most important cause in about a third (and up to half in high mortality settings) of all neonatal deaths. However, care seeking for sick newborns is generally poor and besieged by myriads of barriers with many newborn deaths occurring at home with no contact with health providers. Trials in south Asia have shown that prompt detection and treatment of newborn infections coupled with effective preventive measures can significantly reduce newborn deaths. The Ghana Newhints home visits cluster randomised controlled trial (CRT) is the first trial in sub-Saharan Africa to evaluate the impact of a community-based strategy on newborn care practices and neonatal mortality.
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Andersson, Emelie. "Att ha tillgång till mödravård eller inte, det är frågan. : En fältstudie i Akim Oda, Ghana." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192978.

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Islam, Mofakharul. "Age estimation and illicit image detection using a stochastic vision model." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2013. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/44503.

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The main objective of this research is to investigate and implement a robust approach with a view to provide the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) with a dedicated forensic tool in future for inspecting confiscated PCs from the suspected paedophile to detect pedophilic images automatically and prevent children viewing pornographic and age-inappropriate images at their home and school and adults at their workplace while they are on the Internet. To achieve this goal, we use a novel face descriptor to differentiate child face from adult face based on categorical age specific contextual cues that are based on new knowledge in terms of features or contexts representatives of child and adult face. Given that the craniofacial cues contain enough structural information on visual cues on human face encoded in the form of high level features we can categorize age into adult and children in tandem with low level features. Finally, we will present a novel stochastic vision model based on Markov Random Fields (MRF) prior, which learned the pornographic contextual constraints from the training pornographic images and eventually introduce knowledge on pornography into our proposed stochastic classifier allowing classification of images into pornographic or benign.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Marks, Lori J. "Project PAVE: Providing Access to the Visual Environment: Low Vision Inservice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3718.

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Coates, Chad O. "Private Higher Education in Jamaica: Expanding Access in Pursuit of Vision 2030." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1329100651.

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Bangor, Aaron W. "Improving Access to Computer Displays: Readability for Visually Impaired Users." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36939.

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In the field of human factors engineering the issue of how to present electronic text to people has been studied intensely for over 35 years. However, one major consideration that has largely been overlooked in these studies is how visual impairments affect reading of computer text. Specifically, the issue of how text can be modified to improve readability of CRTs for individuals with low vision. A 2x5x2x3 (visual capability, font size, polarity, and contrast) mixed-factor, repeated-measures experimental design was used to determine if changes in font size, contrast polarity, and/or contrast can improve reading speeds and reduce error rate for people with low vision.

The results of this experiment show that alterations in text can be made that do not affect unimpaired vision readers while dramatically improving the reading capabilities of the impaired vision population. For character size, 12 and 14 point font sizes were found to be too small for the visually impaired population examined. In general, 18 and 30 point font sizes were equal to each other and to the 24 point font size, but for some interactions these two were found to produce longer response times and higher error rates. Thus, a 24 point font size is recommended.

Unlike previous research with visually impaired participants, this experiment found that negative (white-on-black) polarity worsened reading performance. It is thought that this discrepancy is a result of polarity's interaction with small font sizes. For this reason, it is recommended that for font sizes of 18 points and below, positive polarity should be used. For 24 and 30 point sizes either polarity is satisfactory, though previous research (Legge, Pelli, Rubin, and Schleske, 1985b; NRC, 1995; Rubin and Legge, 1989) suggests negative polarity might be better for some visually impaired readers..

Contrasts of 3:1, 7:1, and 18:1 were used in this experiment and had no significant effect for either vision group. However, contrast did significantly interact with both font size and polarity. For font sizes of 18 points or below, it is recommended that contrasts of 18:1 be used for either polarity, but this is very important if negative polarity is used.

The above recommendations are based on a small group of impaired vision readers. Visual impairments vary widely and the sample used in this experiment represented only a portion of them, with respect to both cause and severity. Wherever possible, computer text should be tailored to the unique needs of its users.
Master of Science

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Higgins, John William. "Tracing the vision : a study of community volunteer producers, public access cable television, and empowerment /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313348271.

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Ferdousi, Wahida. "Inequality in Access to Dental and Vision Care| Examining the Role of Income and Insurance." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10275036.

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This dissertation explores inequality in access to dental and vision care. It includes three chapters. The first chapter examines the impact of vision coverage on vision health and vision care utilizations using nationally representative Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. It also examines the trend in cost/insurance barrier to access vision care. I found significant evidence suggesting positive relationship between vision insurance and vision care utilization. This finding confirms the findings of previous studies on the same topic. Examining the cost/insurance barrier to access vision care, I have found evidence suggesting increase in the barrier to access vision care in recent years.

The second chapter analyzes the effect of the early Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on dental care utilization among U.S. adults using nationally representative BRFSS survey data for the years 2006 to 2012. Childless adults, who were not eligible to be covered in Medicaid before the implementation of the ACA except through 1115 waiver or state/locally funded programs, were made eligible for mainstream Medicaid through the ACA. In this chapter, I examine whether the early implementation of the Medicaid eligibility expansion to childless adults during 2010-2012, gave rise to increase in dental care utilization of this group. Using differences-in-differences model for the analysis, I find no significant evidence of changes in dental care utilization of childless adults in the post expansion period. Also, I find evidence of no (very small) significant change in dental care utilization of childless adults compared to parents in the post eligibility expansion period as Medicaid payment to dentist’s increase.

The third chapter analyzes income related inequality and inequity in dental care utilization among adults in New York state using data from the BRFSS survey. To my knowledge, this is the first paper which tries to estimate income related inequality in adult dental care utilization in New York state. I improve on existing inequality literature by using multiple imputation to deal with the problem of calculating income inequality using interval-censored and top-coded income data. This paper calculates inequality using the corrected concentration index proposed by Erreygers which has not been commonly used in previous literature to estimate inequality in dental care utilization. In decomposition of inequality, I allow for heterogeneity in the utilization with respect to need using the procedure proposed by Van de Poel, Van Doorslaer and O’Donnell (2012) and thereby allow for violation of the assumption of vertical equity which is an implicit assumption in decomposition of inequality in previous literature analyzing inequality in dental care. I find evidence of pro-rich inequality and inequity in dental care utilization. The findings suggest that conventional horizontal inequity index overestimates the need-justified index of inequity for the state of New York.

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Woodrow, Alaric J. "Trauma of the 'quasi-prisoner' : the voice of visitors denied access at the prison gates." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trauma-of-the-quasiprisoner--the-voice-of-visitors-denied-access-at-the-prison-gates(d700080f-5c15-40f5-b443-b8876463dfe1).html.

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This thesis examines a previously ignored, highly sensitive and important area of Criminology as it addresses the unique question about how and why visitors to prison are denied entry to visit their incarcerated relatives. It examines how various Technologies of Exclusion (TE) are used in this visit denial process to create the Visitor Victim (V2) and Trauma of the "Quasi-Prisoner". The significant tension created between family visitation and security issues is explored. The impact of privacy laws upon the process of finding participants for this sensitive research is explained, acknowledging that most people prefer not to discuss incarcerated relatives. Third party non- governmental agencies, working with individuals who have ‘run up against’ the penal system, assisted in this search. Visitors' issues and attitudes towards prison staff and emerging visit issues are examined, with the impact of visit refusal as a main focus of this research. Safeguarding facilities, at the expense of family relationships, is a constant theme of concern. Better prospects for the reintegration of offenders and the retention of important family relationships can be brought about through the modification of prison regulations. Removal of some of the Technologies of Exclusion would allow prison visits to become less traumatic and a more comfortable experience for offenders, prison staff and visitors.
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Books on the topic "Access visits"

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Administration, United States Maritime, and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: North and South Atlantic regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: North and South Atlantic regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: North and South Atlantic regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, and United States. Federal Highway Administration, eds. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: North and South Atlantic regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives. Justice Council. Committee on Corrections. Maintaining family contact when a family member goes to prison: An examination of state policies on mail, visiting, and telephone access. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Committee, 1998.

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Administration, United States Maritime, ed. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: Great Lakes, inland waterways, and gulf regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, ed. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: Great Lakes, inland waterways, and gulf regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, ed. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: Great Lakes, inland waterways, and gulf regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, ed. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: Great Lakes, inland waterways, and gulf regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Administration, United States Maritime, ed. U.S. DOT interagency report on landside access port visits: Great Lakes, inland waterways, and gulf regions. [Washington, D.C.?]: Maritime Administration, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Access visits"

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Noffsinger, Edward B. "The Physicals Shared Medical Appointment Model: A Revolutionary Access Solution for Private Physical Examinations." In Running Group Visits in Your Practice, 125–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106441_5.

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Noffsinger, Edward B. "The Drop-In Group Medical Appointment Model: A Revolutionary Access Solution for Follow-Up Visits." In Running Group Visits in Your Practice, 21–67. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106441_2.

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Kamenopoulou, Leda. "An Ethnographic Research on Inclusive Education in Colombia: Lessons Learned from Two School Visits." In Inclusion, Equity and Access for Individuals with Disabilities, 347–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5962-0_17.

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Cardoso, Pedro J. S., Pedro Guerreiro, Jânio Monteiro, and João M. F. Rodrigues. "Applying an Implicit Recommender System in the Preparation of Visits to Cultural Heritage Places." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Virtual, Augmented, and Intelligent Environments, 421–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92052-8_33.

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Niohuru, Ilha. "Social Media and Technology Use." In Healthcare and Disease Burden in Africa, 121–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19719-2_6.

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AbstractThe use of social media is an under-studied topic with huge potential to affect healthcare. It can improve access to healthcare by minimizing the need to travel a long distance for costly hospital visits. This chapter reviews the coverage of mobile phones, the internet, the use of social media, and the opportunities, such as virtual meetings and online information portals, it may provide to the healthcare system in the future.
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Shiraishi, Yuhki, Rumi Hiraga, Daisuke Wakatsuki, Makoto Kobayashi, Takuya Suzuki, Ying Zhong, and Takeaki Shionome. "Enhancing Accessibility in Sports and Cultural Live Events: A Web Application for Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Blind, Low Vision, and All Individuals." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 155–63. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62846-7_19.

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AbstractThis paper addresses the issue in live events, especially in sports viewing, where individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing (DHH), blind, or have low vision (BLV) struggle to access sufficient information. Traditionally, information accessibility has relied on specific professionals or volunteers, which is often inadequate. To tackle this challenge, we propose a mechanism that facilitates information sharing for all individuals, regardless of their abilities. We have developed an inclusive web application tailored to address these needs. This application is beneficial not only for DHH and BLV individuals but also for all audiences. Additionally, the system’s applicability extends to other domains, such as museum visits. This paper details the newly developed web application and presents the outcomes of pilot studies conducted in sports viewing and museum settings with DHH and BLV participants. The results of these experiments are analyzed to assess the system’s effectiveness and to identify future improvement areas.
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Hara, Christopher, Chrispin Gogoda, and Maxon L. Chitawo. "Pioneering Community Energy for Development in Malawi." In Community Energy and Sustainable Energy Transitions, 195–219. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57938-7_9.

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AbstractCommunity energy projects are increasingly common in Malawi to provide energy access in a country with the lowest electricity access rates in the world. However, they face challenges, some of which only become apparent during the process of implementation. This chapter asks what the lessons from the combined experiences of different implementing community energy projects in different locations in Malawi are.The research took a comparative approach using primary data from five field visits to community energy sites in the districts Rumphi, Mchinji, Dedza, Mulanje and Nsanje and a literature review including project documents. The analysis shows that community energy projects have a net positive impact on communities, but they face challenges related to dealing with an inadequate regulatory system, facilitating community participation and leadership and managing unexpected events. The recommendation is to provide long-life and ad hoc support to these projects, for example, via government subsidies.
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Gondwe, Ellen, Michael G. Chipeta, and Lawrence N. Kazembe. "Access to Health Facility and Frequency of Antenatal Care Visits in Malawi Using Bivariate Copula Regression Modelling." In Global Perspectives on Health Geography, 467–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41268-4_22.

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Ciren, Baizhen. "Data Sharing Is Caring: Crisis-Induced Realisation of Open Access Policy in a PhD Project on Food Practices." In Cultural-historical Digital Methodology in Early Childhood Settings, 229–36. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59785-5_19.

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AbstractCross-cultural and comparative research is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of food studies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic made travel and research visits impossible. The European Union (Berlin Declaration. Berlin declaration on open access to knowledge in the sciences and humanities. Retrieved from https://openaccess.mpg.de/67605/berlin_declaration_engl.pdf, 2003) has long postulated the necessity of research data sharing and preventing data waste. Using the cultural-historical wholeness approach to reflect on the example of the methods employed by a comparative PhD project on kindergarten lunch practices in Norway and China, this chapter shows how the crisis of the impossibility of directly conducting research (due to the outbreak of the pandemic) activated the data-sharing policy. This chapter argues that with careful consideration of epistemological, ethical, and methodological issues, data sharing in qualitative research can be beneficial for researchers, the scholarly community and the public and can help promote a research culture of sustainability in the long run.
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Paradza, Gaynor Gamuchirai. "Women and land inheritance under legal pluralism in Lesotho." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 182–92. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0015.

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Abstract Land inheritance is an important process through which women negotiate access to the resource. Legal pluralism renders land inheritance a complex process for those who rely on inheritance as a source of land. This chapter uses the case study of Lesotho to highlight how legal pluralism influences women's land inheritance in Lesotho. The research applied qualitative research approaches using both primary and secondary data to analyse the status of women's access to land in Lesotho. Primary data collection was undertaken in Maseru and Mafeteng using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and field visits. Key informants included women's organizations, government representatives, Habitat for Humanity staff and beneficiaries, private sector, paralegals, traditional leaders, community councils, widows and land right organizations. Focus group discussions focused on the community council and paralegals, and the Land Advocacy reference group. Secondary data was obtained from published and unpublished sources. The findings were validated through a national workshop with key stakeholders in Lesotho. This means that the study findings can be used as a basis for drawing insights on women's land inheritance experiences of statute, custom and practice in Lesotho.
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Conference papers on the topic "Access visits"

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Gómez Muñoz, Gloria, Luis Javier Sánchez Aparicio, Jaime Armengot Paradinas, and Carmen Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez. "Acercamiento al ejercicio profesional a través de visitas a obras de arquitectura y entornos inmersivos." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11506.

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One of the main difficulties faced by architecture students is the lack of access to practical resources for the understanding of the building process as a whole, from the conception of the architectural project to the completion of the work. Based on previous innovative teaching experiences (ARCHITECT-Site Visits, Buildings 360), during the 2021-2022 academic year the Experimental Workshop 2 Site Visits wa developed for students in the 4th year of the Degree in Foundations of Architecture taught at the ETSAM, with the aim of connecting the theoretical knowledge acquired in previous years with the practical application of elements, systems and construction techniques through site visits at different stages of execution, as well as understanding the different phases of construction and the digital tools that can be used to monitor them. Una de las principales dificultades que tiene el alumnado de arquitectura es la falta de acceso a recursos prácticos en el conocimiento y comprensión del proceso edificatorio en su conjunto, desde la concepción del proyecto arquitectónico hasta la finalización de la obra. En base a experiencias docentes innovadoras previas (ARCHITECT-Visitas de obra, Buildings 360), durante el curso 2021-2022 se ha desarrollado el Taller Experimental 2 Visitas de Obra dirigido a alumnado de 4º curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura impartido en la ETSAM, con el objetivo de conectar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos en los cursos anteriores con la aplicación práctica de elementos, sistemas y técnicas constructivas mediante visitas a obras en diferentes fases de ejecución, así como comprender las diferentes fases de la construcción y las herramientas digitales que se pueden emplear para su seguimiento.
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Samkharadze, Sophio, Marika Zurmukhtashvili, Eka Kokhreidze, Elene Kharashvili, and Sesili Beriashvili. "Availability of Dental Services for Medical Students in Georgia." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.ii5.

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Oral health is important issue in field of public health and can be negatively affected by psycho-emotional factors. Foreign medical students can be subjected to oral disease risk factors and therefore be in significant need for regular dental care, but there is a lack of in-formation how good students access the dental clinics. Study aimed to evaluate the acces-sibility to dental care for foreign medical students in Georgia. We conducted an online survey in duration of two weeks in October – November 2022. Study sample were medical undergraduate students, they answered 12 questions about frequency and type of dental visits, about availability and quality of dental care they received in Georgia. Overall from 270 medical undergraduate students aged between 18-45 years, 70% were male and 30% female. 70% were from Jordan, Iran - 15%, Egypt - 4%; Great Britain - 4%, France - 4% and Rwanda - 4%. In their countries 50% of students used to visit dental clinics every 6 months for regular check-up (70%); professional cleaning (31%) and dental pain (27%). 81.48% of interviewed students have never visited a dental clinic in Georgia. Among them who vis-ited, the purpose was check-up (65%) and dental pain (30%). For the source of information about dental clinics the students named internet (60%). Access to dental care was rated as medium (37.50%), while overall satisfaction was rated as normal (47.62%). The study showed very low rate of referral to the dentist. However, among those who visited the clin-ic, their evaluations were satisfactory. We can estimate the lack of information as an im-portant barrier for students. In addition, some students arrived in Georgia only a few months before the study started, so there might be no need to visit dentist in the time inter-val studied. Further research is needed to clearly identify possible barriers for dental care for medical students. Keywords: Oral health; Dental care; Accessibility of dental care; Medical students
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Mancuso, Carol A., Theodore J. Gaeta, Jose L. Fernandez, Margaret G. Peterson, Robert H. Birkhahn, Lawrence A. Melniker, and John P. Allegrante. "Perceived Access To Ambulatory Care Predicts Short-Term Repeat Emergency Department Visits For Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3123.

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Guo, Qi, Andrew Chiasson, and Sulaiman Almoatham. "A Framework on Performing Virtual Building Energy Audit." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113116.

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Abstract This article outlines a method for conducting virtual energy audits in situations where on-site visits are not possible. The approach provides a systematic methodology, including utility cost analysis, facility energy balance analysis, and lean energy analysis, to identify and prioritize energy-saving measures. The critical areas examined during a virtual visit include the building envelope, lighting, and HVAC systems. The paper also includes a case study that highlights the efficacy of the proposed framework. The study recommends several energy-saving measures, such as consolidating electricity meters, using photosensors for sidewalk lights, replacing traditional bulbs with LED bulbs, and upgrading parking lot lights to LED bulbs. The article contributes significantly to the field of energy auditing, especially in cases where physical access to buildings is restricted. The proposed framework provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional energy audits and allows organizations to promote environmental sustainability by reducing energy consumption.
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Tirosh, Oren, Muhammad Nadeem Shuakat, John Zelcer, and Nilmini Wickramasinghe. "Clinical Tele-Assessment: The Missing Piece in Health Care Pathways for Orthopaedics." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.4.

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An aging population coupled with longer life expectancy has resulted in an exponential growth in total hip and total knee replacements (THR) (TKR). Especially during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, support for patients recovering form THR and TKR was difficult due to reduction in face-toface visits. To address this and enable Australians to have a better patient experience, the following proffers a tele-assessment solution, ARIADNE (Assist foR hIp AnD kNEe), that can provide high quality care, with access for all and support for high value outcomes.
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Adam, Steve, and James Sloan. "Towards Permission to Construct Oilfield Facilities Without a Conventional Field Survey." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10381.

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With the decreasing cost and ever increasing availability of digital information, visits to the field are being minimized. This is particularly evident in remote areas or regions where land access is difficult. For example, the possibility of using preliminary route alignment sheets built from digital engineering data for an application to construct a pipeline could provide cost and schedule savings as well as safety advantages over staging a preliminary field survey. A desktop-based approach which uses existing project data may be a valuable alternative, deferring the legal survey until after (or during) construction of each spread.
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Aude, Lucas. "UNREACHABLE IDEALS: BETWEEN SATIRE AND UTOPIA IN OTHER WORLDS OF LIAOZHAI ZHIYI." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.03.

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Luosha Haishi 羅殺海市 (Lz 132) is a very emblematic tale of Pu Songling’s (蒲松齡, 1640–1715), as it involves emblematic themes of Liaozhai zhiyi (聊齋誌異): a critical view of society, an adventure into enchanted lands, and a complex relationship to an independent, powerful woman. The tale tells about the journey of a man who, after having been lost at sea, visits two imaginary worlds. Luosha Haishi reveals its originality when comparing both these places. The first one, the Country of Rakshasas, is a state in which physical appearance determines one’s social status. This society is a satirical portrayal mirroring Pu’s vision of Qing China officialdom. Conversely, the City of the Sea, the character’s second place of stay, is a utopian undersea place where the character knows immediate success. Luosha Haishi thus makes the bitter statement of the impossibility to access glory and richness when one does not wish to hide behind appearances, while for it to occur it would require an ideal world that exists only in imagination.
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Anderson, Roger T., Fabian Camacho, and Aaron Yao. "Abstract IA28: Rural disparities in uptake of well visits and access to cancer screening in Medicare under the Affordable Care Act." In Abstracts: Tenth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2017; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp17-ia28.

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Iversen, Eric James, and Richard Woolley. "International mobility and career progression of European academics." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/64426b96e3a90677102e2622.

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The international mobility of academic researchers is a topic of sustained scholarly and policy interest. International mobility has come to be seen as something of a ‘rite of passage’ for early career researchers. Many early career grants require international visits of significant duration. In many national science systems, access to tenured positions and/or mid-career support grants requires or values previous international experience. International mobility can thus be understood as an important contributing factor in the transition to independence in academic careers. This paper uses data from surveys of the mobility of European university researchers to consider the role of international scientific mobility (job changes and long stays) in the transition to career independence. Results suggest that whilst overall mobility appears to have a positive effect on competence acquisition and career progress, this finding varies according to epistemic (disciplinary) and institutional (national system) factors, and gender.
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Chan, Vivian. "Promoting statistical literacy among students." In Statistics education for Progress: Youth and Official Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.13701.

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In this knowledge-based era, plenty of decisions which have a possible impact on people and the environment are backed by statistical considerations. The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD), as the central statistical office in Hong Kong, has been playing an active role in promoting proper and effective application and interpretation of statistics among students, the future pillars of our society. Over all these years, C&SD has been adopting a variety of means to reach out to students with a view to equipping our future generation with the necessary statistical knowledge and skills in this increasingly data-centric world. In particular, continuous efforts have been made to foster statistical education, including : facilitating easy access of official statistics; organising talks and visits for students; and collaborating with the local statistical community. This paper will discuss in detail how C&SD promotes and enhances statistical literacy of students in Hong Kong.
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Reports on the topic "Access visits"

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Makumbi, Fredrick, Simon Peter Sebina Kibira, Lilian Giibwa, Chelsea Polis, Margaret Giorgio, Patrick Segawa, Lillibet Namakula, and Ricardo Mimbela. Access to Contraceptive Services Among Adolescents in Uganda During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Guttmacher Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33206.

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Key Points The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions raised concerns that adolescents in Uganda may face barriers to receiving family planning commodities and services. Public and private service statistics data reveal that Uganda experienced smaller and shorter pandemic-related disruptions in adolescent access to sexual and reproductive health services than were initially anticipated. A temporary dip in service visits during April 2020 was followed by a return to previous levels and even an increase in family planning visits among adolescent women during the remainder of 2020. These results speak to the resilience of the health system, which continued to provide services, and the impact of actions by partners to support access to reproductive health supplies and services. The Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should take the following steps to ensure adolescents’ continued access to sexual and reproductive health services throughout the remainder of the pandemic: Document and foster the adaptions and processes that helped ensure continuity of services during the COVID-19 restrictions, so that similar measures may be adopted in future crises. Promote meaningful participation of young people in COVID-19 task forces, to ensure that relevant policies are gender-inclusive and respond to young people’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Classify contraceptive care as an essential service, integrate it with COVID-19 response interventions and ensure that it remains fully operational and open before, during and after any future lockdowns.
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Frisancho, Verónica, Alejandro Herrera, and Silvia Prina. Can a Budget Recording Tool Teach Financial Skills to Youth?: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Diaries Study. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003691.

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We study the impact of a mobile app to record daily financial transactions, coupled with enumerator monitoring visits every two weeks, on youths' investment in financial literacy and financial behavior. The treatment led to a positive and statistically significant effect on financial literacy scores and greater awareness of market prices. Youth in the treatment group experienced significant improvements in access to credit. These effects persist eight months after the intervention is over.
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Colombo, Karina, Elisa Failache, and Martina Querejeta. High-Speed Internet and Socioemotional Wellbeing in Uruguayan Youth. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005154.

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This paper analyses the causal effects of exposure to high-speed internet on socioemotional wellbeing in adolescence and youth. We exploit the geographic and cross-cohort differences in fiber optic accessibility given by the fiber-optic-to-the-home (FTTH) project developed in Uruguay in the period 2011-2018. We identify intention-to-treat effects by combining administrative data on FTTH rollout with large survey data specially designed to collect outcomes in youth. Our results show that access to high-speed internet has mixed effects on mental health. Going from 0 to a 100% probability in FTTH accessibility reduces the incidence of feeling lonely in 9 percentage points (pp) but increases the incidence of feeling worried in 9 pp. We also find an increase in the probability of having a medical visit in 10 pp, without statistically significant effects in visits to a psychologist or psychiatrist. Our results further evidence an increase in the probability of alcohol and marijuana consumption, showing that internet access can also affect risky behaviours. The analysis of heterogeneous effects by gender, age, region of residence, and educational background shows that, while the effect on feeling worried is observed across all sub-samples, the reduction in loneliness is mostly explained by boys, individuals under 18, and with lower educational background. Dissatisfaction with their way of being emerges as the leading mechanism behind the detrimental effect on feeling worried. We do not find any evidence on FTTH access displacing offline recreational activities at the extensive margin.
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Savedoff, William D. Reaching the Poor through Demand Subsidies: The Colombian Health Reform. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006884.

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This paper discusses the Colombian Health Reform, a reform seeking to equalize access to health services for the poor by giving them insurance that can purchase care from public or private providers. The discussion consists of a series of reflections from a seminar that took place in Barranquilla, Colombia, on November 15th-19th, 1999, in which presentations were made by Colombian academics, mayors, hospital managers, regulators, EPS Directors, and newly insured individuals. It is not meant to be a systematic evaluation of the reform, but rather an outsider's view from an intense week of interviews, presentations, and local visits.
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Waldfogel, Julie M., Michael Rosen, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Eric B. Bass, and Sydney M. Dy. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Opioid Stewardship. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4opioid.

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Objectives. Opioid stewardship interventions promote the appropriate use of prescribed and ordered opioids to reduce the risk of opioid adverse events. Our main objectives were to determine the effectiveness of these interventions in healthcare settings on opioid prescribing and clinical outcomes (e.g., number of opioid prescriptions, opioid dosage, overdose, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations) including unintended consequences (e.g., changes in patient-reported pain intensity), and ways these interventions can be effectively implemented. Methods. We followed rapid review processes of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify eligible systematic reviews from January 2019 to April 2023 and primary studies published from January 2016 to April 2023, supplemented by targeted gray literature searches. We included systematic reviews and studies that addressed opioid stewardship interventions implemented in healthcare settings in the United States and that reported on opioid prescribing and clinical outcomes. Findings. Our search retrieved 6,431 citations, of which 34 articles were eligible (including 1 overview of systematic reviews, 13 additional systematic reviews, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [reported in 14 articles] and 6 nonrandomized studies). Systematic reviews, mostly summarizing pre-post studies, included a wide variety of opioid stewardship practices that focused on patient and family engagement, healthcare organization policy, or clinician knowledge and behavior interventions, in inpatient, perioperative, emergency department, and ambulatory settings. RCTs addressed multicomponent interventions (typically a combination of prescriber education, care management and facilitated access to resources), and patient education and engagement, mainly in ambulatory chronic pain. Opioid stewardship practices involving clinical decision support or electronic health records, or multicomponent interventions (including for chronic pain) were associated with decreases in opioid prescribing or reduced doses and no increases in pain, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations (low strength of evidence for all outcomes). Patient engagement and education interventions had mixed results for opioid prescribing outcomes (insufficient strength of evidence) and no increases in pain, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations (low strength of evidence). The evidence was insufficient on other types of interventions and on outcomes of opioid refill requests and refills, patient satisfaction, or overdose. Barriers included lack of training, workload, gaps in communication, and inadequate access to nonpharmacological resources. Facilitators included clinician and patient acceptance of intervention components. Conclusions. Selected opioid stewardship interventions may be effective for reducing opioid prescribing and dosing without adversely affecting clinical outcomes overall, although strength of evidence was low. Unintended consequences were often not measured or not measured rigorously. Interventions to reduce opioid use should monitor unintended consequences and include access to nonpharmacological pain management resources with appropriate patient education and engagement.
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Ng, Amanda, Dzifa Adjaye-Gbewonyo, and James Dahlhamer. Lack of Reliable Transportation for Daily Living, United States 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/135611.

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Access to transportation may be required for many daily tasks, including going to work, health care visits, and obtaining groceries. Previous research suggests that a lack of transportation, especially among adults who are older, uninsured, and have lower incomes, leads to reduced access to health care, which may then lead to adverse health outcomes (1,2). Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey, this report describes the percentage of adults who lacked reliable transportation for daily living in the past 12 months by selected sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. Key findings Data from the National Health Interview Survey ● In 2022, 5.7% of adults lacked reliable transportation for daily living in the past 12 months. Women (6.1%) were more likely than men (5.3%) to lack reliable transportation. ● The percentage of adults who lacked reliable transportation was lowest among Asian non-Hispanic adults (3.6%) compared with other race and Hispanic origin groups. ● Lack of reliable transportation decreased with increasing education level and family income. ● Adults living in the West North Central region of the United States (7.5%) were more likely to lack reliable transportation than the national average (5.7%), while adults in New England (4.1%) were less likely
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Hästbacka Matti, Leppämäki Tatu, and Torkko Jussi. Potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring : Report of the MOBICON workshop held in Helsinki 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030501.

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The Changes in Nature Visitation and the Potential of Mobile Big Data for Visitor Monitoring workshop was held in Helsinki on 28.9.2023. We organized the workshop as part of the five-year MOBICON research project (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short- and long-term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation) funded by Kone Foundation. The aim of the workshop was to collect expert opinions related to the changes in the recreational use of nature, the monitoring needs related to the changing visitations, and to discuss the possibilities of various new data sources to meet managerial information needs. Eight experts from different organisations (Metsähallitus, City of Helsinki, Uusimaa Recreation Area Association Uuvi and Suomen Latu r.y.) participated in the event. Prior to the workshop, the participants had answered a survey about their experiences and information needs related to the changing visitations. The discussion progressed from the results of the survey to more in-depth discussions. Below we summarize the key results from the discussions. The recreational use of nature was seen to be changing. Recreational use is increasing and its temporal rhythms are changing. At the same time, the visitor base becomes more diverse because of the general diversification of society and the fact that new user-groups have started to explore nature. Activities and ways of being in nature are also diversifying. Approaching the changes through four megatrends (social, environmental, political and technological changes). The social and environmental drivers of change were seen as the most important. social changes were identified to be related to the ageing of the population and the diversification of nature visitors. Climate change, as an environmental factor, was identified as the most important driver of change, impacting both nature but also human behaviour. Among the political drivers of change, particularly the increasing polarisation of society emerged in the discussion. In addition, political decisions relating to everyone's rights, biodiversity protection and resources directed for the management of recreational areas were seen as important. Technological changes were identified as important and this change taking place as part of the broader technologization of society. On the one hand, this general technologization increases the opportunities for access to and sharing of information. On the other hand, the increased ‘measurement culture’ also affects the amounts of recreational use, as people are aiming to reach their kilometer or step targets. The information needs of organisations were recognized to include 1) planning of management actions, 2) justifying one's own activities for securing funding and 3) informing visitors. Information is needed on visitor flows and their spatial and temporal distribution. In addition, information about the visitors themselves was considered necessary, especially as the visitor base is becoming more diverse. The workshop participants also expressed concern about those who do not visit recreational areas: how get more information about them and the factors that limit nature visits. Collecting visitor data was seen as expensive and time-consuming, which is why finding new kinds of data sources has potential. Mobile data was evaluated as an interesting source of information and its various aspects were discussed through a SWOT analysis. However, it was clear that in operational use, information must be reliable and easily accessible and some doubts were raised on the potential of mobile big data from this aspect. The event was organised by Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko and Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund participated in the workshop from maternity leave. More information about the event or research can be found on the project's website or by e-mail to the project's researchers: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. The MOBICON project will operate from 2022 to 2026 and it is funded by Kone Foundation. Website: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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Ogwuike, Clinton Obinna, and Chimere Iheonu. Stakeholder Perspectives on Improving Educational Outcomes in Enugu State. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/034.

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Education remains crucial for socioeconomic development and is linked to improved quality of life. In Nigeria, basic education has remained poor and is characterised by unhealthy attributes, including low quality infrastructure and a lack of effective management of primary and secondary schools. Access to education is a massive issue—according to the United Nations, there are currently about 10.5 million out of school children in Nigeria, and 1 in every 5 of the world’s out-of-school-children lives in Nigeria despite the fact that primary education in Nigeria is free. A considerable divide exists between the northern and southern regions of Nigeria, with the southern region performing better across most education metrics. That said, many children in southern Nigeria also do not go to school. In Nigeria’s South West Zone, 2016 data from the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education reveals that Lagos State has the highest number of out of school children with more than 560,000 children aged 6-11 not going to school. In the South South Zone, Rivers State has the highest number of out-of-school children; more than 900,000 children aged 6-11 are not able to access education in this state. In Enugu State in the South East Zone, there are more than 340,000 children who do not have access to schooling (2016 is the most recent year high-quality data is available—these numbers have likely increased due to the impacts of COVID-19). As part of its political economy research project, the RISE Nigeria team conducted surveys of education stakeholders in Enugu State including teachers, parents, school administrators, youth leaders, religious leaders, and others in December 2020. The team also visited 10 schools in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Nsukka LGA, and Udi LGA to speak to administrators and teachers, and assess conditions. It then held three RISE Education Summits, in which RISE team members facilitated dialogues between stakeholders and political leaders about improving education policies and outcomes in Enugu. These types of interactions are rare in Nigeria and have the potential to impact the education sector by increasing local demand for quality education and government accountability in providing it. Inputs from the surveys in the LGAs determined the education sector issues included in the agenda for the meeting, which political leaders were able to see in advance. The Summits culminated with the presentation of a social contract, which the team hopes will aid stakeholders in the education sector in monitoring the government’s progress on education priorities. This article draws on stakeholder surveys and conversations, insights from the Education Summits, school visits, and secondary data to provide an overview of educational challenges in Enugu State with a focus on basic education. It then seeks to highlight potential solutions to these problems based on local stakeholders’ insights from the surveys and the outcomes of the Education Summits.
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Schreiner, Clara. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006533.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in association with the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. The case study includes the experience of the city of Rio de Janeiro in smart city initiatives, focusing mainly on Rio Operations Center Project-COR. The methodology was based on field research, site visits, publications, and interviews held with representatives of local government of the City of Rio de Janeiro. The report addresses the city backdrop, the main urban challenges, the history of digital initiatives, and their evolution over time. For the Rio Operations Center, the general model of participation, organizational aspects, the keys functions, the monitored events, the mechanisms for access, dissemination of information, and the decision-making process are described, as well as the typologies of existing systems and their integration with COR. The study concludes that it is a successful model with a high degree of maturity, and that sharing the experience of Rio de Janeiro with other cities is very important. However, the model needs to continue evolving and rely on strong institutional support so that Rio de Janeiro's population can increasingly enjoy the benefits of technological innovations applied to the city's daily challenges.
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Frost, Jennifer J., Mia R. Zolna, Lori F. Frohwirth, Ayana Douglas-Hall, Nakeisha Blades, Jennifer Mueller, Zoe H. Pleasure, and Shivani Kochhar. Publicly Supported Family Planning Services in the United States: Likely Need, Availability and Impact, 2016. Guttmacher Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2019.30830.

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Key Points Key Points In 2016, 20.6 million U.S. women were likely in need of public support for contraceptive services and supplies. Between 2010 and 2016, the number of women likely in need of public support for contraceptive services and supplies rose 8% overall. Among women below 250% of federal poverty guidelines, there was a 12% increase; among adolescents, there was a 5% decline. Between 2013 and 2016, the number of women likely in need of public support for contraceptive services who had neither public nor private health insurance fell more than one-third (36%), from 5.6 million to 3.6 million. States that implemented the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion experienced particularly large declines. Between 2010 and 2016, the overall number of women receiving publicly supported contraceptive services remained stable at about nine million women. However, the number of women served by different types of providers shifted dramatically over this period. While Title X–funded sites continued to serve the largest segment of women receiving publicly supported care, their patient load fell by 25%, from 4.7 million in 2010 to 3.5 million in 2016. The number of contraceptive patients served by other public clinics that do not receive Title X funding rose by 29% and the number of women receiving Medicaid-funded contraceptive services from private providers rose by 19%. In 2016, women who obtained contraceptive services from all publicly supported providers were able to postpone or avoid two million pregnancies that they would have been unable to prevent without access to publicly supported care. Women who obtained contraceptives from Title X–funded clinics avoided 755,000 pregnancies. Screening and vaccination services provided at family planning visits with all publicly supported providers helped patients avoid more than 12,000 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and nearly 2,000 cases of cervical cancer in 2016. More than 100,000 chlamydia infections, 18,000 gonorrhea infections and 800 cases of HIV were prevented among the partners of women obtaining publicly funded contraceptive care.
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