Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acces to benefits'
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Wilkinson, Renee, and Renee Wilkinson. "Equal Access: Providing Urban Agricultural Benefits to Under-Served Communities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12358.
Full textGarshong, Bertha. "Benefit incidence of health services in Ghana and access factors influencing benefit distribution." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9453.
Full textUniversal coverage is built around financial protection and access to needed care for all members of the society. The main focus in many countries, including Ghana, has been on financial protection. However removing financial barriers does not necessarily remove other access barriers to the use of health care services. The extent to which a population gains access to health care depends on a multiplicity of factors. The study investigated the distribution of health care benefits across socioeconomic groups, assessed if these benefits are distributed according to need and identified health system and community access factors that influence the distribution of benefits from using health care services in Ghana, in order to identify policy options for promoting equitable access to and use of health services in Ghana.
Best, Christina Rose. "The psychological and physical health benefits associated with the human-pet bond." Thesis, The Author [Mt.Helen, Vic.] :, 1997. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/54169.
Full textChirara, Simbarashe C. "Social inclusion : an e-government approach to access social welfare benefits." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2018. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/35355/.
Full textAlkan, Özgür BaÅ ak 1977. "Choices and benefits : alternative access and venue sites for Ä°stanbul Olympics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30111.
Full textSome pages folded and some maps have transparent overlays.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-154).
This thesis is based on the idea that the Olympics, a global mega-project that interrupts and re-channels the forces of urban evolution in its host city, can be planned in ways that bring long-term benefits to that city. It is inspired by the urban regeneration of Barcelona in 1992 and the environmental achievements of the Sydney Olympics in 2000. The immense mobilization of resources for the Olympics, however, has a potential to deliver even more to the city. In this thesis, I will present an alternative Olympic plan for Istanbul, a three-time bidder for the Olympics that seeks to guide the city to a more environmentally sustainable future. I begin the thesis with twelve photographs that convey my observations of Atlanta, Athens and Istanbul, in the post-Olympic, pre-Olympic and bidding stages of Olympic development. The photographs reveal the significance of sports venue location and transportation choices for the Long-term impacts of the Olympic event on the environment. A quick survey of past host cities shows similar patterns of Olympic development; in Chapter I, I analyze the IOC's Manual for Candidate Cities to identify planning guidelines that limit planners' toolkit. Following a brief analysis of Istanbul's Olympic plan submitted for the 2008 Summer Games in Chapter I, I devote Chapter II to an exploration of environmental benefits that can potentially be derived from the Olympics, Laying down the conditions for their realization.
(cont.) In Chapter III, I study the environmental history of Istanbul and generate a vision for a sustainable future that can guide site selection and transportation investments for the Olympics. The Alternative Olympic Plan for Istanbul introduced in Chapter IV is ambitious. It aims to reverse the trend of environmental destruction in Istanbul by channeling the city's growth away from environmentally sensitive zones in the north by strategically locating Olympic investments. The epilogue, in conclusion, contains reflections on the thesis topic and directions for future research.
by Özgür, BaÅak Alkan.
M.Arch.
M.C.P.
Aguirre, Quiroz Gerardo Daniel. "Evaluation of the potential benefits of using Licensed Shared Access in the Americas." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177165.
Full textInternet har blivit en allmänt förekommande service och mänskliga behov. Mobilnät har kämpat med "Mobile Data Tsunami", en ökning av mobilt konsumtions bredband på grund av snabbare nät, kraftfulla enheter och fler trafik-krävande applikationer, samt en högre penetration volym. Enligt Cisco mobil datatrafik förväntas växa till 15,9 exabyte per månad år 2018, är att nästan elva gånger den mobila datatrafiken 2013. Spektrum är en nyckelfaktor för nätutbyggnad, eftersom det avgör kapaciteten i nätet. Ändå är spektrum en begränsad naturresurs, dvs en ändlig, icke-ändliga gemensam resurs. För att uppfylla de höga resultatmål för framtida mobilt bredband (MBB) system, en effektivare användning och effektivare hantering av spektrumresurser måste utvecklas. Licensierad Shared Access är en ny kompletterande tillgång spektrum system som gör det möjligt att dela med sig av delvis använda licensierat spektrum från en befintlig (t.ex. en statlig organisation), med ett begränsat antal "LSA licenstagare" (t.ex. Mobile Network Operators). LSA Avtalet följer fördefinierade dynamiska eller statiska delningsvillkor, som bestämmer var, när och hur man använder den dominerande operatörens spektrumet. Genomförandet av Licensed delat tillträde behöver stöd från en mycket bra regelverk och följer den harmoniserade vägen spektrumet. Spectral harmonisering, eller en enhetlig fördelning av frekvensband över hela regionen sänker teknikkostnader, vilket gör det lättare för något land att överväga dess genomförande. En gång är anpassad efter hela regioner, är skalfördelar uppnås. Några första steg mot en ny ram baserad på LSA har fått i Europa och Nordamerika, men att betrakta LSA som ett verkligt alternativ, krävs en fullständig analys med tanke på fler marknader. Det är viktigt att fundera på hur andra regioner runt om i världen kan påverkas av denna nya metod för att se om LSA är en möjlig lösning eller inte. Ansatsen i denna forskning omfattar samspelet mellan tekniska, marknadsmässiga och rättsliga villkoren i Amerika för att presentera det möjliga värdet av LSA. Den första delen av studien behandlar analysen av de tekniska aspekterna av LSA. Följande delar behandlar vilka villkor utvärderingen görs. Först behandlar studien med de marknadsförhållanden som finns i Amerika som helhet, för att sedan ta itu med en mer specifik undersökning av marknaden och regler i utvalda länder iregionen. Forskningen visade hur det finns flera sätt LSA kan ge positivt värde till etablerade och nya aktörer i Amerika, speciellt i högtrafikerade områden, och / eller inomhusmiljöer. Men trots fördelarna med LSA, är tidpunkten inte där ännu. Regionen har fortfarande gott om spektrum att fördelas exklusiv spektrum, som föredras av operatörerna. Den låg mobilpenetration bredband i större delen av regionen är också en faktor för det låga värdet av LSA i tiden för denna studie.
Mei, Anne Pieter van der. "Free movement of persons within the European Community cross-border access to public benefits /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5984.
Full textThomas, Alaina D. "Benefits of the state acres for wildlife enhancement practice for bird populations in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18720.
Full textDivision of Biology
Brett K. Sandercock
Grassland birds have experienced population declines worldwide from habitat degradation caused by conversion to agriculture and recent intensification of land use, including increased use of fertilizer, fossil fuels, and irrigation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) includes initiatives targeting wildlife enhancement to mitigate ongoing declines in grassland bird populations. The newest CRP practice, State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE), was designed to restore vital habitats for high priority wildlife species throughout the United States. Our objective was to assess the potential benefits of SAFE for upland gamebirds and grassland songbirds in Kansas. We monitored lands enrolled in SAFE to estimate bird density based on field scale and landscape scale characteristics. Our study was conducted in three ecoregions: Smoky Hills (4 counties), Flint Hills (3 counties), and the High Plains (3 counties). We surveyed 121 SAFE fields and 49 CRP fields from 2012 – 2013. Northern Bobwhite density was negatively associated with percent litter within survey fields. Ring-necked Pheasant density differed among ecoregions, and was positively associated with percent bare ground in the High Plains, but negatively associated with field age in the Smoky Hills. Mourning Dove density differed among ecoregions, and was negatively associated with percent forb in the High Plains, and positively associated with percent grassland in the Smoky Hills. In the Flint Hills, Mourning Doves were negatively associated with CRP fields and large fields. Brown-headed Cowbirds were positively associated with percent forbs. Amount of CRP surrounding survey locations was positively associated with bird density through the entire range for Grasshopper Sparrows, Dickcissels, and Lark Buntings, and in the High Plains for Western Meadowlarks. Percent woodland had negative effects on Western Meadowlarks in the Smoky Hills, whereas percent cropland had negative effects on Eastern Meadowlarks statewide. CRP positively affected abundance of four of our species, whereas percent cropland and woodland negatively affected others. Thus, the amount of set-aside lands enrolled in SAFE could be important for grassland bird populations. SAFE and CRP supported equal numbers of Northern Bobwhites and Ring-necked Pheasants, suggesting SAFE provides benefits for target species of upland gamebirds.
Baker, Gabriela Rosalie. "Community perceptions of the barriers and benefits to local food access in Northeast Ohio." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin151213414094815.
Full textKelly, Justin. "On the Benefit of Cooperation of Secondary Users in Dynamic Spectrum Access." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76835.
Full textMaster of Science
Bhattarai, Babu. "Conflict and conservation : sharing the costs and benefits of tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in communities adjacent to tiger reserves in Nepal." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/174057.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Lukinski, Stella. "Benefits of providing supports for non-traditional students to access and complete post-secondary education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ51747.pdf.
Full textTindley, Ruth. "Access to social security benefits for people who are unable to work because of mental illness." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9908.
Full textWilson, Kelly Robyn. "Do women reap the benefits? Exploring access and social exclusion among village chicken producers in Kenya." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563200862443867.
Full textLewis, Jeff S. "Assessing the Safety Impacts of Access Management Techniques." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1342.pdf.
Full textAtazadeh, Ehsan. "Algae-based models to configure consumptive flows for ecological benefit in the highly regulated MacKenzie River, south-east Australia." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2017. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/162587.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Chennells, Roger Scarlin. "Equitable access to human biological resources in developing countries : benefit sharing without undue inducement." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10634/.
Full textKroes, Eric, Paul Koster, and Stefanie Peer. "A practical method to estimate the benefits of improved road network reliability: an application to departing air passengers." Springer, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9764-4.
Full textWickstrom, Matthew D. "University of Wisconsin-Stout's student tuition differential-access to learning fee a cost benefit analysis /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004wickstromm.pdf.
Full textLowman, Michael. "The effectiveness of access and benefit-sharing legislation in South Africa: practical considerations for national regimes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12090.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
The Convention on Biological Diversity provides an international regulatory framework for countries to develop their own access and benefit-sharing (ABS) legislation. This international convention governs the utilization of a country's genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Due to increased capabilities and demand from industry for these resources, a market is created over which ABS legislation is to govern. This is based on the realization of the objectives of the convention that provide for state sovereignty over a country's indigenous biological resources. This dissertation presents the results from an evaluation of ABS legislation and its implementation within South Africa. Key objectives are to analyze the implementation of regulations and procedures governing access to indigenous biological resources and traditional knowledge, and associated institutional arrangements.
Örn, Sagrelius Lizzie. "Fair and Equitable Participation? : A case study of access and benefit sharing processes in India and Samoa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305362.
Full textMoustapha, Muriel. "Savoir-faire traditionnels et biodiversité." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10019.
Full textThe traditional know-how were considered for a long time as having not much interest. Their international recognition was made at the Rio Conference of 1992, through the Convention on Biological Diversity. This recognition and the signing of the Agreement on the Aspects of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights of 1994 (TRIPS) have led the countries of the South mainly, to raise questions to which the law and, more particularly the law of the intellectual property (DPI) are struggling to answer. The main question is to know the nature of the legal protection given to traditional know-how and more particularly to those related to biodiversity. The DIP not only has difficulty in identifying the nature of the rights and benefits to be granted to the holders of this knowledge, but above all, in identifying this notion of traditional know-how. The DIP struggle to address the issues as legal débats are generally lead by political and economical interests where two very different conceptions of the legal protection of traditional know-how confront each other. The one of northern states that have a private and utilitarian conception. That of northern states that have a private and utilitarian conception. The aim is, with DPI, to control the scientific and commercial use of know-how. The one of southern states that have a collective or even community vision of the protection of their knowledge in order to protect the integrity - spiritual, cultural and social - of traditional knowledge. The main international answer today is the certificate. However, this one doesn’t fit well these traditional collective and ancestral know-how. In fact, behind this notion of traditional know-how, there is a key issue, that of access to genetic resources and traditional know-how. The ambition assigned to this thesis (PhD) is to explore new alternatives to intellectual property, in order to find a regime appropriate legal framework for traditional know-how
Rourke, Michelle. "Viruses, Science and Law: Clarifying the Status of Viruses as `Genetic Resources' Under International Access and Benefit-Sharing Law to Inform Future Virus Sharing Arrangements." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382736.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Humphries, Frances Amy. "Shellfish Patents Krill Research: Patent Law Defences and Technology Transfer of Genetic Materials and Knowledge in Aquaculture." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366025.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Hardy, Pénélope. "Le droit à la sécurité sociale du travailleur hypermobile dans l'Union européenne : le cas de l'artiste du spectacle vivant en France, en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2024/HARDY_Penelope_2024_ED101.pdf.
Full textThe analysis of the EU and international legal orders shows that the right to social security is a fundamental human right. However, the high mobility of workers raises several questions about the protection of this right within the EU. These issues are analysed through the relevant example of performing artists. The recognition and protection of this right within the EU is examined in the light of human rights mechanisms, and in the context of the challenges arising from workers’ (hyper)mobility within the EU, which is determined by the freedom of movement and social citizenship. These challenges are then further explored through the prism of the Europeanisation of social security. Given the predominant role of coordination in EU social security law, the research questions whether this approach contributes to the effectiveness of the protection of the right to social security. Finally, in view of the shortcomings observed, we propose improvements that could be applied on the basis of current legislation
Egan, Laurie K. "Community Control and Compensation: An Analysis for Successful Intellectual Property Right Legislation for Access and Benefit Sharing in Latin American Nations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/25.
Full textUlaner, Magnus. "Bio-cultural Rights, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property : Interacting Regimes and Epicentres of Power." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17473.
Full textSteenkamp, Philip. "Benefit sharing in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity / by P. Steenkamp." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/149.
Full textThesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
Mohamad, Hashim Haswira Nor. "Enabling open access to and re-use of publicly funded research data in Malaysian public universities : a legal and policy analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63944/1/Haswira_Mohamad_Hashim_Thesis.pdf.
Full textDavis, Deidra Denice. "Access to Fresh Foods: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Illinois Farmers' Markets Participating in Government Funded Food Assistance Programs." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/818.
Full textShawa, Remmy Malama. "Conceptualising the right to enjoy benefits of scientific progress and exploring its potential to enhance access to effective diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31747.
Full textThi, Huong Trang Tran. "The Nagoya protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization : integration into national laws in particular in Vietnam." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cdfabc5a-e279-4b24-97a8-2ca557382e8b/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1009.pdf.
Full textLes ressources génétiques sont une composante de la nature qui doit être protégée pour ses valeurs économiques, sociales et culturelles. En approchant des ressources génétiques en vertu de deux aspects de la "conservation " et du "développement", l'un des trois objectifs du Protocole de Nagoya est l'accès aux ressources génétiques à la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et un partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de leur utilisation. Le Protocole de Nagoya adopté en octobre 2010 lors de la 10e Conférence des Partis à la CDB, marque un tournant pour la gouvernance internationale de la biodiversité et un jalon dans le développement du régime international régissant la biodiversité. Toutefois, le Protocole a été qualifié d' "imparfait" et d' "incomplet" en raison d'ambiguitiés, de lacunes et de généralités. Chaque Etat partie au Protocole doit élaborer une législation nationale pour répondre à ses obligations, et combler les lacunes par une mise en conformité avex celui-ci. L'étude de l'intégration du protocole dans le droit national est importante parce qu'il s'agit du premier instrument juridique dans ce domaine et que l' analyse de sa transition met en lumière les différentes voies envisageables. Cependant, celle-ci peut soulever de nombreux problèmes et necesite de définir et d'analyser ces bases pour trouver des solutions. La première partie de cette thèse propose une analyse des problèmes du Protocole dans le contexte international, les relations avec les autres traités internationaux pertinents et tous les problèmes intrinsèques du Prtotocole dans ses aspects juridiques, scientifiques et techniques. La seconde partie de la thèse clarifie tous les problèmes juridiques pertinents de l'intégration dans la législation nationale et traite de la faiblesse du droit international au regard des systèmes juridiques monistes et dualistes, les traités non-auto-éxécutoires, les principes, méthodes et mesures. Elle analyse également les droits nationaux du Brésil, d' Afrique du Sud, de la France et un regard plus proche dans la pratique avec la législation nationale du Vietnam
Rehnlund, Mathilde. "In the Best of Worlds : Benefit sharing and sustainable development in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2256.
Full textGenetic resources are vital to all people, but especially the poor. They are also important for biodiversity, in turn a key factor in sustainable development. Since 1980, the bio industries have utilized genetic resources in their work, for example on pharmaceuticals, and patented their findings. This has created mistrust and malcontent among biodiverse poor countries in the South. To promote biodiversity protection and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the usage of genetic resources, the Convention of Biological Diversity requests an international regime. Negotiations for the Access and Benefit Sharing regime began in 2001 and have intensified as its end date, 2010, draws nearer.
People in Babati, Tanzania are as dependant on traditional medicine, which utilizes wild genetic resources, as they are on modern medicine. The status in the regime of communities such as those of Babati is principally important if sustainable development is to be reached. The greatest issue for the model currently under negotiation to deal with in order to truly promote sustainable development is equity.
Peyen, Loïc. "Droit et biopiraterie. Contribution à l'étude du partage des ressources naturelles." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0005.
Full textBecause they are highly desired, natural resources are subjected to acts of predation, like biopiracy. The phenomenon draws more and more attention but is still not much studied. It is often condemned as real plundering of natural resources. Indeed, even if it covers a pluralist reality, the biopiracy practice can be characteristic of a monopolizing of naturalresources. Thus, it is possible to understand how it emerged and developed, which is important to comprehend it. Furthermore, biopiracy raises the question of the sharing conditions of natural resources and thereby contributes to strengthen the solidarist dimensions of the natural resources legal status. However, current rules are insufficient. This situation is inviting for a general reflection about the legal status of the environment that leads to consider it as a common good
Wilkinson, David. "An examination of the costs and benefits of the quality assurance mechanisms of Authorised Validating Agencies applicable to three key stakeholder groups - higher education institutions, Access Course providing institutions and students." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8161/.
Full textTäuber, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Contract Standardisation as an Instrument for Access and Benefit-Sharing under the Convention on Biological Diversity: A Governance Analysis of Transactions with Genetic Resources / Sabine Täuber. Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016188218/34.
Full textCunha, Filho Marcelo de Castro. "Quanto custa o conhecimento tradicional? Análise das regras de acesso e de repartição de benefícios no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/202.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o tratamento legislativo dado pelo direito brasileiro aos casos de biopirataria de conhecimento tradicional. Partindo-se das proposições críticas de Axel Honneth acerca da liberdade e do reconhecimento, desenhou-se um quadro analítico de conceitos, o qual, uma vez aplicado sobre o objeto da pesquisa através do procedimento da análise de conteúdo, permitiu a visualização de um conhecimento latente até então não revelado pela linguagem aparente da legislação. Após a classificação dos requisitos relativos ao acesso e à repartição de benefícios segundo as rubricas “monetárias” e “não-monetárias”, chegou-se à conclusão de que aqueles, relativos ao acesso, reproduzem um espaço potencialmente garantidor da liberdade, ao passo que estes, atinentes à repartição de benefícios, incorporam uma dimensão patológica. Este último caso se deve em virtude de sua elaboração ter cedido à proteção de interesses supostamente universalistas, à semelhança do que ocorre com as trocas econômicas/monetárias, que impedem a realização plena da liberdade nesse espaço social.
This study aims to analyze the Brazilian legal Acts on cases of biopiracy of traditional knowledge. Stemming from Axel Honneth´s critical propositions about freedom and recognition, an analytical framework of concepts is created, which, once applied on the object of the research through the analysis content procedure, enabled the visualization of some latent knowledge which is not revealed by the apparent language of the legislation. After the classification of requirements for access and benefit sharing under the headings "monetary" and "non-monetary", the conclusion is that those requirements, relating to access, reproduce a potentially guarantor space of freedom, whereas these, relating to sharing of benefits, incorporate a pathological dimension. The latter case is derived from the fact that its protection has been elaborated based on supposedly universal interests, similar to what occurs with the economic exchanges, which prevents the fulfillment of freedom in this social space.
Moody, Oluwatobiloba Oluwayomi. "The Nagoya protocol: a possible solution to the protection of traditional knowledge in biodiverse societies of Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3647_1367480696.
Full textThere is a growing interplay of competing realities facing the international community in the general areas of innovation, technological advancement and overall economic development. The highly industrialised wealthy nations, largely located on the Northern hemisphere are on the one hand undoubtedly at the forefront in global research, technology and infrastructure development. The developing and least developed countries on the other hand are mostly situated on the Southern hemisphere. They are not as wealthy or technologically advanced as their 
Northern counterparts, but are naturally endowed with unique variations of plant, animal and micro-organism species occurring in natural ecosystems, as well as the traditional knowledge on 
how to use these unique species. This knowledge has been adjudged to be responsible for the sustainable maintenance of the earth&rsquo
s biodiversity. Increasing exploitation of biodiversity, 
spurred on by the competing realities identified above, has left the earth in a present state of alarm with respect to the uncontrolled loss of biodiversity. The traditional knowledge of local 
peoples has significantly offered leads to research institutes from the North in developing major advancements in drugs, cosmetics and agriculture. Little or no compensation has however been seen to go back to the indigenous 
communities and countries that provide resources, and indicate various possibilities through their traditional knowledge to the use of such resources. Efforts by some biodiversity rich countries to 
ddress this trend through legislation developed in accordance with the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity have been frustrated due to the inability to enforce their domestic laws outside their borders. Theft of genetic resources and its associated traditional knowledge 
from such countries has therefore remained a major challenge. Against this backdrop, and on the 
insistence of biodiversity-rich developing countries, an international regime on access and benefit sharing was negotiated and its final text adopted in 2010. This international regime is as 
contained in the Nagoya Protocol. This research sets out to examine whether the Nagoya Protocol offers a final solution to the protection of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity in 
biodiverse countries. It further examines the importance of domestic legislation in achieving the objectives of the Protocol. The research has been tailored to African biodiverse countries, and 
seeks these answers within the context of Africa.
 
Cavalcanti, Cintia Munch. "Impactos socioambientais locais decorrentes de acesso aos recursos genéticos para fins comerciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-29112010-095301/.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze local socio-environmental impacts resulting from two commercial agreements for the access to genetic resources and benefit sharing between a cosmetic company and a group of smallholders from Vale do Ribeira-SP region. Although agreements between private companies and local communities for the commercial use of biodiversity components have been encouraged today as a way to conciliate the sustainable use of natural assets with local development, some studies have demonstrate that beyond of its benefits, these agreements may have negative socio-environmental effects on local conditions where it was established. In Brazil, since 2001, the Provisional Executive Order 2.186-16/01 which regulates the Convention of Biological Diversity in country establishing rules for the access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge was released. These rules are fundamentally based on the prior acceptance and benefit sharing along with its providers. Despite the existence of those juridical tools, yet little is known about its practice enforcement and its local impacts. Qualitative techniques (semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documental analysis) were adopted to gather data about the establishment of two commercial agreements for the use of genetic resources and its effects on: (i) income generation and distribution; (ii) local infrastructure and access to technology; (iii) social organization and; (iv) use of local natural assets (i.e. soil, water and vegetable resources). The results show positive direct impacts on income generating, local infrastructure and access to technology. About the social organization of the involved group, the lack of one platform for collective action just as legal acknowledgement are both drawbacks to effective participation of its members and their greater autonomy. As regards environmental impacts it was observed: transformations in land use by increase of cultivating species, reduction of areas occupied by subsistence cultures or animal husbandry, changes in applied handling and raw materials and; transformations in the use of vegetable resources by the raise of target specie, in the first agreement, and by the increase of firewood consume, in second one. On the one hand, the realization of commercial agreements shows oneself to be a possible manner to contribute to local development and to biodiversity conservation. In the other hand, we still need new studies in different contexts for a better understanding of the correlations and trade-offs between social and environmental factors.
Vrillon, Eléonore. "De l'égalité formelle aux usages réels : déterminants et effets du suivi des MOOC dans les trajectoires socio-professionnelles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH014/document.
Full textEducation and vocational training are central institutions in today’s society. They play an important role in guaranteeing people’s social and professional integration. They are also considered strategic pillars of economic growth in “the knowledge society” (CE, 2000). However, despite their basis in democratic values and principles, there are still many inequalities in access and outcomes in both compulsory academic and vocational education. Moreover, because of the increasing flexibility and insecurity of work in the current labor market, a diploma is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for stable employment. In this context, the rise of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) raises questions about their contribution to the educational aims of equality and efficacy. Based on a mixed-methods approach, this thesis addresses the following research problem: To what extent does the formal equality of MOOC give people equal opportunities to use them, succeed in them, and earn tangible and subjective benefits? The analyses are carried out on data collected from 5709 people enrolled in 12 MOOC on the FUN platform, interviewed again one year later (n=1778), and on 32 interviews. Results show that the use of MOOC seems to reproduce social inequalities in educational access. Indeed, the people who enroll already have high levels of human capital and highly stable and qualified employment; furthermore, they are accustomed to professional training and have intense cultural practices. Rather than acting as a new way to access education and training for underserved people, MOOC seem to be a new resource for privileged individuals, and access to them appears to require implicit prerequisites. However, the typology of MOOC uses shows that even for these people, MOOC can be an additional training opportunity. Mainly used for disinterested purposes, such as “edutainment” or cultural interest, they are also real training and educational supports. Nevertheless, these types of uses are not strongly determined. When achievement and certification are used as indicators to assess the success of these social uses, results show no social inequalities in outcomes. However, at least in the short term, participating in a MOOC does not have any tangible impact on professional careers: Rather, their effects are subjective. Considering the “biographical path” of these people (Bourdon, 2010), I find that they use MOOC both to sustain individual and professional identities and to facilitate social transitions. Instead of competing with the role played by diplomas in France, MOOC seem to be a new “halo” of these educational credentials, participating in the development of the need to acquire skills throughout one’s career and reinforcing the trend towards life-long learning
Gössling, Luciana Manica. "A LEI 13.123/15 ENQUANTO MECANISMO DE TUTELA DA BIODIVERSIDADE BRASILEIRA E O PROTOCOLO DE NAGOIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6402.
Full textA Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, concebida em 1992, destinou-se à proteção da conservação e o uso sustentável da diversidade biológica além da repartição justa equitativa dos benefícios provenientes da utilização dos recursos genéticos (termo em inglês, ABS ). O terceiro objetivo não restou suficientemente aclarado e os países signatários sentiram a necessidade de legislar sobre o tema diante da notória importância dos direitos advindos da exploração dos recursos genéticos e dos conhecimentos tradicionais a eles associados e os danos transfronteiriços decorrentes da exploração predatória. Os países se depararam com uma crescente degradação da biodiversidade, de forma descontrolada e uma redução da fauna e da flora. Passou-se a questionar o uso com viés exploratório e a necessária preservação da sociobiodiversidade para as gerações futuras tendo por base a interculturalidade, e o reflexo de tais direitos na seara social, cultural, política e econômica. Para enfrentar tais embates, no cenário internacional exsurgiu o Protocolo de Nagoia e, no Brasil, a Lei 13.123, de 2015. Ambas as legislações caminharam no mesmo sentido, flexibilizando o acesso aos conhecimentos tradicionais e à biodiversidade, primando pela expansão da pesquisa e da inovação. A presente pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita utilizando-se do método dedutivo, encontrando-se na temática na Linha de Pesquisa de Direitos da Sociobiodiversidade e Sustentabilidade. O Protocolo de Nagoia deixou a regulamentação nacional a cargo de cada país, trazendo ditames mínimos. O Brasil não o ratificou, mas implementou legislação específica que compreendeu a proteção aos recursos genéticos e os conhecimentos tradicionais associados, todavia, cedeu lugar ao viés exploratório.
Ulaner, Magnus. "Privatiseringen av de växtgenetiska allmänningarna : Konsekvenserna av regimkomplexet kring växtgenetiska resurser för bönders rättigheter och matsäkerhet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17472.
Full textDenna uppsats behandlar det globala regimkomplexet för förvaltningen av växtgenetiska resurser för livsmedel och jordbruk, samt hur avtalen rörande dessa resurser samverkar eller står i motsättning till varandra. I och med förändringar i amerikansk patentlagstiftning och upprättandet av TRIPS har patentanspråk på växtgenetiska resurser ökat dramatiskt, vilket i sin tur påverkade tillkomsten av CBD vilken innefattar upprättandet av lagstiftning rörande tillträde till och den rättvisa fördelningen av nyttor härstammande från, genetiska resurser. För att möjliggöra ett relativt fritt flöde av växtgenetiska resurser har ITPGRFA med dess multilaterala system fram förhandlats. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser den nuvarande globala förvaltningen av växtgenetiska resurser för livsmedel och jordbruk kan få för jordbruksforskning, småbönders rättigheter och matsäkerhet i Syd. Uppsatsen visar på hur patent och tillträdeslagstiftningar skapar en situation där fler och fler parter innehar rättigheter att utestänga andra från att nyttja dessa, för den globala matsäkerheten, essentiella resurser. Vidare visas på hur det samtidigt pågår processer inom UPOV som riskerar att undanta bönder rätten att spara utsäde och därmed göra dem beroende av de i allt högre grad monopolartade frömarknaderna, vilka domineras av att fåtal multinationella företag. Här konstateras även att ITPGRFAs multilaterala system är en öppning i detta hyperägande, men att det internationella samfundet samtidigt måste försäkra att patentanspråk inte kränker bönders rättigheter till sina resurser.
Shi, Xiaoxiang. "Towards a relational theory of copyright law." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41761/1/Xiaoxiang_Shi_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBrites, Alice Dantas. "Monitoramento dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da comercialização de produtos florestais não madereiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-24032011-215203/.
Full textAmazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.
Kizungu, Dieu-Donne Mushamalirwa. "Access to genetic resources and sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization : a critical analysis of the contribution of the Nagoya Protocol to the existing international regime on access and benefit-sharing." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9894.
Full textThesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
Lu, Christine Yi-Ju Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "An examination of systems of access to important high cost medicines: a critical analysis of the nationally subsidised scheme of access to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Australia." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40579.
Full textLukinski, Stella. "Benefits of providing supports for non-traditional students to access and complete post-secondary education." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2402.
Full textSchwartz, Gloria R. "The design and evaluation of a public access computer-based application for unemployment insurance benefits." Thesis, 1989. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/4942/1/ML51368.pdf.
Full textNeville, Warwick John. "Healing the nation : access to medicines under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme - the jurisprudence from history." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150188.
Full textSabesan, Sabe. "Access to care and benefits for cancer patients in rural and remote locations using telemedicine." Thesis, 2014. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40778/1/40778-sabesan-2014-thesis.pdf.
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