Dissertations / Theses: 'Accelerometry'

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Nilsson, Andreas. "Physical activity assessed by accelerometry in children." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1739.

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Machado, Inês Prata. "Human activity data discovery based on accelerometry." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10992.

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Stoltz, Victor, and Manne Godhe. "Validity of accelerometry in high-intensity complex movements." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3268.

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Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to examine the capability of accelerometers to estimate energy expenditure during high-intensity complex physical activity patterns. Also, to investigate whether placing the monitor on the hip or wrist influenced its prediction ability. Furthermore, the purpose was also to evaluate if there was a significant difference in the aforementioned estimations using data from one axis compared to all three axis combined. Method A total of 14 subjects, eight men and six women, mean (SD) age of 26, 4 (5,5) years were recruited for the study. The participants performed standardised aerobic exercise while accelerometer data and oxygen uptake was measured simultaneously. Two triaxial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) were worn on the hip and wrist during the experiment. Indirect calorimetry, using Oxycon mobile, was chosen as the criterion measure. Validity was determined by comparing accelerometer counts with estimated energy expenditure (EE) in kcal/min, derived from measured oxygen consumption, using bivariate Pearson correlation, linear regression and stepwise regression analyses. Equations were calculated using each participant’s individual regression analyses. Results The experiment reveals that GT3x presents a moderate correlation (r= 0, 47) for estimating EE from aerobics when worn on the hip and a weak correlation (r = 0.34) when worn on the wrist. However, when combined with the body mass variable, a strong correlation was found between accelerometer data for the hip and EE (r= 0.73). At both positions the vector magnitude (r = 0.47 for the hip and r = 0.34 for the wrist) yielded stronger correlations compared to just using the Y-axis (r = 0.15 for the hip and r= 0.08 for the wrist). Conclusions In conclusion, this study found that GT3x was not particularly valid for assessing energy expenditure in high intensity complex activities. Wearing the accelerometer on the hip yielded higher correlations compared to wearing it on the wrist. When using the accelerometer for estimations of EE the Vector magnitude is to prefer before the Y-axis solely.

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Gerrard-Longworth, S. P. "Measuring physical activity in obese populations using accelerometry." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34502/.

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The thesis is concerned with objectively measuring human physical activity through accelerometry, and compares the effectiveness of algorithms between obese and non-obese groups. The thesis comprises three studies: Classification of Aerobic and Gym-based Exercises from Accelerometer Output. This study investigated whether accurate classification could be achieved from hip- or ankle-mounted accelerometers for a programme of aerobic exercises and free-living activities. It also examined whether accuracy was affected by obesity, and whether a single classifier could be applied across BMI groups. The study achieved high classification accuracies (85% for hip and 94% for ankle) for both obese and normal BMI groups using the same approach across groups. Walking Speed Estimation Using Accelerometry. This study aimed to develop a speed estimation model that was applicable across BMI groups, and which utilised a hip-mounted accelerometer. To achieve this, multiple accelerometer signal features were evaluated for use in a linear speed estimation model, and performance was compared between obese and normal BMI groups. The speed estimation algorithm achieved overall RMSE of 0.08ms-1 for a mixed BMI group, which is comparable with previous research using homogeneous groups. Prediction of Energy Expenditure from Accelerometer Output. This study aimed to identify physiological and anthropometric parameters for use in an improved energy expenditure estimation model. Model performance was tested on a mixed BMI group. The energy expenditure prediction model incorporating subject attributes showed around 20% improvement over the standard model. This research found that current approaches to activity classification using accelerometry are equally applicable to obese groups and normal BMI groups. Walking speed prediction was shown to be possible from a hip-mounted accelerometer for both obese and normal BMI groups. Energy expenditure estimation is improved by including subject-specific parameters in the prediction model. Accelerometry is, therefore, a suitable tool for measuring different aspects of physical activity for obese and mixed BMI groups.

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Wilhelm, Spencer Christian. "Prediction of Non-Resting Energy Expenditure using Accelerometry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91463.

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The accurate measurement of total energy expenditure is a cornerstone of metabolic research. However, there is a lack of measurement methods that are valid, objective, inexpensive, and easy to use. Accelerometry, along with validated prediction equations for resting energy requirements, may provide an opportunity to fill this void. Twenty weight stable adults (12 female, 8 male) who recently participated in a controlled feeding study comprised the study sample. Total energy requirements were assessed from the controlled feeding period in which weight stability was achieved using the intake-balance method. Resting energy expenditure was assessed using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess habitual physical activity. The accelerometer data obtained along with subjects' demographic and biometric data were used to predict non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) using step-wise linear regression in JMP. Bland-Altman plots and Spearman's Rho correlations were used to determine the validity of the total energy requirements obtained from the sum of the predicted non-resting energy expenditure. Estimated resting energy expenditure was compared with the total energy requirements assessed using the intake-balance method from the controlled feeding period. The resulting prediction equation is as follows: 480.93 – 180.69(sex) + 0.21(Accelerometer kcals) + 617.98(BF%) = AEE. The sex was coded as 1 for females and 0 for males. This prediction model has a coefficient of determination of 0.74 (0.70 adjusted). On average, the model overestimates AEE by 76 kcals. This new model could be the key to accurately, inexpensively and objectively measuring total energy requirements.
Master of Science
Accurate measurement of the total amount of energy (i.e. calories) utilized by the body throughout the day, also known as total energy expenditure, is a vital component of metabolic research. However, there is a lack of measurement methods that are valid, objective, inexpensive, and easy to use. Accelerometers combined with equations designed to predict total energy expenditure may be able to fill this gap. Accelerometers are devices worn on the body that measure accelerative forces from physical activity. Twenty weight stable adults (12 female, 8 male), who recently participated in a study in which all dietary intake and exercise were closely monitored (controlled feeding study), comprised the study sample. The amount of energy needed to maintain weight (total energy requirements) was assessed from the controlled feeding period in which weight stability was achieved. Resting energy expenditure, the energy burned while the body is at rest, was assessed using an equation often used to estimate energy expenditure, the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess habitual physical activity. The accelerometer data obtained along with subjects’ demographic (age, sex) and biometric (height, weight, BMI, etc.) data were used to predict non-resting energy expenditure (resting energy expenditure subtracted from total energy expenditure). Multiple statistical tests were used to determine the validity of the total energy requirements obtained from the sum of the predicted non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) and resting energy expenditure. Estimated resting energy expenditure was compared with the total energy requirements assessed using the intake-balance method from the controlled feeding period. The resulting prediction equation is as follows: 480.93 – 180.69(sex) + 0.21(Accelerometer kcals) + 617.98(BF%) = NREE. The sex was coded as 1 for females and 0 for males. This prediction model has a coefficient of determination of 0.74 (0.70 adjusted), which means 70% of the variation in non-resting energy expenditure was explained by changes in the variables in the equation. On average, the model overestimates NREE by 76 Calories per day. This new model could be the key to accurately, inexpensively and objectively measuring total energy requirements.

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São, Marcos Ana Jorge Romão. "Physical activity measurements in adolescents: accelerometry vs PAI." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13732.

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Mestrado em Fisioterapia
Background: Practicing physical activity (PA) has shown to present health benefits at all ages, namely in paediatrics. There are several methods to evaluate PA, however the most frequently used are the self-report questionnaires and accelerometry. The latter is an objective measuring tool, however it requires the use of relatively expensive devices. Questionnaires are easy and quick to apply, and therefore a useful tool to evaluate PA. Despite the existence of some questionnaires to evaluate PA in adolescents, there is still none validated against accelerometry for the Portuguese population. This validation is important, since questionnaires present an error associated to inaccuracies in recall activity. Aims: To validate the Physical Activity Index (PAI), by comparing it with accelerometry in adolescents according to gender and to explore if adolescents follow the physical activity recommendations established for their age. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adolescents were recruited from 3 basketball teams, 2 classrooms from a school in Aveiro, and an orchestra band classroom. Socio-demographic, anthropometric data and spirometry were collected from the adolescents who participated in this study. Physical Activity (PA) was assessed with accelerometers (Actigraph model - GT3XPlus, Actigraph MTI, Manufacturing Technology Inc., Pensacola, FL, USA) worn during 7 days and the PAI. Pearson correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated to explore the correlations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (min.day-1) and steps per day vs. the PAI. To analyse participants’ ability to follow the recommendations of PA levels, 60 minutes of MVPA and 10,000 to 11,700 steps per day were considered. Chi-square (χ2) tests were used to explore differences between male and female’s ability to reach international recommendations of physical activity levels. Results: Forty nine adolescents (57.14% female; mean age 14.43 ±0.96 years old) participated in this study. Female and male presented similar PA levels measured with a subjective or an objective measure. Correlations between objective and subjective measures were significant and positive only for male (MVPA: r=.514, p=.017; Steps per day: r=.460, p=.041). Most participants were sedentary when analysing the objective data and considering the PA recommendations. Only 1 female (3.57%) and 3 males (14.29%) surpassed the 60 min.day-1 mark and, in terms of steps per day, only 13 females (46.43%) and 13 males (61.90%) registered over 10000 steps per day. Conclusion: When compared with accelerometry the PAI presented as a valid measuring tool only for male adolescents. Adolescents of both genders presented similar levels of PA with both measuring tools, and accelerometry results showed that the majority of adolescents were sedentary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate further in the future about the correlation between accelerometry and the PAI, as well as about the sedentary habits of adolescents.
Enquadramento: A prática de atividade física (AF) tem vindo a apresentar benefícios para a saúde em todas as idades, nomeadamente na pediatria. Existem vários métodos para avaliar a AF, no entanto os mais utilizados são os questionários e a acelerometria. Esta última é uma medida objetiva que, no entanto, requer o uso de instrumentos relativamente dispendiosos. Já os questionários são instrumentos rápidos e fáceis de aplicar, sendo, assim úteis na avaliação da AF. Apesar de existirem alguns instrumentos para avaliar AF em adolescentes, ainda, não existe nenhum validado contra a acelerometria para a população portuguesa. Esta validação é necessária, uma vez que os questionários, por serem medidas subjetivas apresentam um erro associado a imprecisões na capacidade de relato de atividades passadas. Objetivos: Validar o Índice de Atividade Física (IAF) comparando-o com a acelerometria de acordo com o género e explorar se os adolescentes seguem as recomendações de AF estabelecidas para as suas idades. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, os adolescentes foram recrutados de 3 equipas de basquetebol, 2 turmas de uma escola de Aveiro e 1 turma de uma banda de música de orquestra. Dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de espirometria foram recolhidos aos participantes. AF foi medida com acelerómetros (Actigraph modelo - GT3XPlus, Actigraph MTI, Manufacturing Technology Inc., Pensacola, FL, USA), usados durante 7 dias e com o IAF. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (rs) foi calculado para explorar as correlações entre os minutos de AF moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) (min.dia-1) e os passos por dia vs. o IAF. Para analisar a capacidade dos participantes seguirem as recomendações dos níveis de AF, foram considerados 60 minutos.dia-1 de AFMV e os 10,000 a 11,700 passos por dia. Testes Quiquadrado (χ2) foram usados para explorar diferenças na capacidade de atingir os níveis de AF estabelecidos em orientações internacionais entre rapazes e raparigas. Resultados: Quarenta e nove adolescentes (57.14% raparigas; idade média 14.43 ±0.96 anos) participaram no estudo. Raparigas e rapazes apresentaram níveis de AF semelhantes, medidos com medidas subjetivas ou objetivas. As correlações entre as medidas subjetiva e objetiva foram significativas e positivas apenas para os rapazes (AFMV: r=.514, p=.017; Passos por dia: r=.460, p=.041). A maioria dos adolescentes mostraram-se sedentários na análise dos dados objetivos e das recomendações de AF. Apenas 1 rapariga (3.57%) e 3 rapazes (14.29%) ultrapassaram a marca dos 60 minutos.dia-1 de AFMV e em relação aos passos por dia, apenas 13 raparigas (46.43%) e 13 rapazes (61.90%) registaram valores acima dos 10,000 passos por dia. Conclusão: O IAF mostrou-se uma ferramenta válida na medição de AF em comparação com a acelerometria, apenas para os rapazes. Adolescentes de ambos os sexos apresentaram níveis de AF semelhantes, em ambos os instrumentos de medida, tendo-se a maioria revelado como sedentários através da análise dos resultados obtidos pela acelerometria Desta forma, é necessário investigar-se mais, no futuro, sobre a correlação entre a acelerometria e o IAF, bem como sobre os hábitos sedentários dos adolescentes.

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van, Hees Vincent Theodoor. "Implementation of raw accelerometry in physical activity epidemiology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610767.

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Sato, Kimitake, William A. Sands, and Michael H. Stone. "The Reliability of Accelerometry to Measure Weightlifting Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4616.

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The purposes of the study were to track weightlifters' barbell acceleration with a portable accelerometer over three training sessions to examine test–retest reliability and to compare peak barbell acceleration at different training intensities. Twelve nationally ranked weightlifters volunteered for this study. The portable accelerometer was attached to the right side of the barbell to measure barbell resultant acceleration during the snatch lift at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The data were collected over three training sessions at intensity levels of 80%, 85%, and 90% of one repetition maximum. The data were analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the three training sessions and one-way repeated measure ANOVA to compare the difference in peak barbell acceleration at three intensities. Results showed that the device was highly reliable with an ICC of 0.88 and 95% confidence interval of 0.81–0.93. There were significant differences in peak barbell acceleration at various lifting intensities, indicating a decline of the acceleration as the mass of the barbell became heavier. The portable accelerometer seems useful in measuring barbell acceleration data, which can be analyzed in future studies to monitor a weightlifter's performance in a practical setting instead of testing at a laboratory.

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Siebert, Christopher Michael. "Heart Rate and Accelerometry during Footbag Net Singles Play." Portland State University, 2013.

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Kotru, Krish. "Timekeeping and accelerometry with robust light pulse atom interferometers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98681.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-173).
Light pulse atom interferometry (LPAI) is a powerful technique for precision measurements of inertial forces and time. Laboratory LPAI systems currently achieve state-ofthe- art acceleration sensitivity and establish the international atomic time standard. However, the realization of practical LPAI in dynamic environments (e.g., rapidly accelerating or rotating platforms) has been limited in part by atom optics-the analogues to optical beamsplitters and mirrors. Atom optics in traditional LPAIs are composed of resonant laser pulses that are susceptible to variations in optical detuning and intensity expected in sensors designed for dynamic environments. This thesis investigates atom optics that use frequency- and intensity-modulated laser pulses to suppress sensitivity to these inhomogeneities. For atomic timekeeping applications, a Ramsey LPAI sequence based on stimulated Raman transitions and frequency-swept adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) was developed. Raman ARP drives coherent transfer in an effective two-level atomic system by sweeping the Raman detuning through the two-photon resonance. In experiments with ¹³³Cs atoms, Raman ARP reduced the sensitivity of Ramsey sequences to differential AC Stark shifts by about two orders of magnitude, relative to standard Raman transitions. Raman ARP also preserved fringe contrast despite substantial intensity inhomogeneity. The fractional frequency uncertainty of the ARP Ramsey sequence was limited by second-order Zeeman shifts to ~3.5 x 10-¹² after about 2500 s of averaging. For accelerometry applications, Raman ARP provided efficient, large momentum transfer (LMT) atom optics in an acceleration-sensitive LPAI. These atom optics produced momentum splittings of up to 30 photon recoil momenta between interfering wavepackets-the largest to date for Raman atom optics. This splitting, in principle, enables up to a factor-of-15 improvement in sensitivity over the nominal interferometer. By forgoing cooling methods that reduce atom number, this LMT method reduces the measurement uncertainty due to atom shot-noise and enables large area atom interferometry at higher data-rates. These features could prove useful for fielded inertial sensors based on atom interferometry.
by Krish Kotru.
Ph. D.

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Bursais, Abdulmalek. "Accelerometry and Global Navigation Satellite Systems Derived Training Loads." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3939.

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The objectives of this dissertation include 1) to review accelerometry and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived measures used to monitor training load, 2) to investigate the validity and reliability of accelerometers (ACCs) to identify stepping events and quantify training load, 3) to assess the relationship between accelerometry and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) derived measures in quantifying training load. In Study I, acceleration data was collected via two tri-axial ACC (Device A and Device B) sampling at 100Hz mounted closely together at the xiphoid process level. Each participant (n=30) performed two trials of straight-line walking, running, and sprinting on a 20m course. Device A was used to assess ACC validity to identify steps and the test-retest reliability of the instrument to quantify the external load. Device A and Device B were used to assess inter-device reliability. The reliability of accelerometry derived metrics Impulse Load (IL) and Magnitude g (MAG) were assessed. In Study II, known distance (DIST) was predicted via acceleration data collected by a tri-axial ACC sampling at 100Hz mounted at the xiphoid process level, simultaneously positional data collected using a triple GNSS unit sampling at 10Hz placed between scapulae. Each participant (n=30) walked different DIST around various movement constraints (small and large circles). Thirty distances were completed around each circle and ranged from 12.57–376.99m. In Study I, the instrument demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.98-99.41% and an agreement of 93.08-96.29% for step detection during all conditions. Good test-retest reliability was found with a coefficient of variation (CV) < 5% for IL and MAG during all locomotor conditions. Good inter-device reliability was also found for all locomotor conditions (IL and MAG CV < 5%). These results indicated that tri-axial ACCs are a valid and reliable tool used to identify steps and quantify external load when movement is completed at a range of speeds. In Study 2, all linear regression models performed well for both movement constraints (R2=0.922-0.999; RMSE=0.047-0.242, p

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Miwa, Masafumi. "Estimation of energy expenditure of grazing ruminants via accelerometry." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225658.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第20433号
農博第2218号
新制||農||1048(附属図書館)
学位論文||H29||N5054(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授廣岡博之, 教授久米新一, 教授今井裕
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Siebert, Christopher Michael. "Heart Rate and Accelerometry during Singles Footbag Net Play." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/650.

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This investigation examined the heart rate responses and movement characteristics of experienced footbag net players during singles play. Footbag net is a net/court sport similar to volleyball, but it is played with a footbag (e.g., Hacky-SackTM) using only the feet. In singles footbag net, players are allowed either one or two kicks to propel the footbag over the net. Subjects were 15 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 18- 60 years, with a mean age of 33.6 years. Subjects played two games of singles footbag net using two different scoring systems: "sideout" scoring and "rally" scoring. Mean heart rates were 149.4 bpm for games played under the sideout scoring system and 148.7 bpm for games played under the rally scoring system. Sideout games were 1.2 minutes (~11%) longer than rally games. The mean heart rate responses to competitive play using sideout scoring and rally scoring were not significantly different (p>0.05). For play under both scoring systems, the average exercise intensity--expressed as a percentage of age-predicted maximum heart rate (MHRest)--was 80-81% MHRest. Accelerometer counts accumulated during play were similar for both scoring systems. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to evaluate the extent to which accelerometry may contribute to physiological and metabolic measurements of footbag net competition.

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Mathie, Merryn Joy Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Monitoring and interpreting human movement patterns using a triaxial accelerometer." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27386.

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This thesis addresses the hypothesis that a single, waist-mounted triaxial accelerometer (TA) can be used to monitor human movement patterns in unsupervised, freeliving subjects over extended periods, and that it can be used to quantitatively measure parameters that can provide clinical insight into the health status of the subject. A rigorous theoretical and experimental understanding of the signals obtained from a TA is developed. The effect of the placement of the TA device on the waist is explored and a model relating device position to TA signal is developed for a range of postures and activities. A classification framework for movement identification using the signals from a waist-mounted TA is presented. This framework is based on a hierarchical binary processing tree and is designed for real time use. An implementation of this framework for monitoring housebound patients is presented. Algorithms for detecting falls, distinguishing between activity and rest, classifiying transitions between different postural orientations, and for identifying periods of standing, sitting, lying and walking are developed. In evaluation studies performed in controlled laboratory conditions, every algorithm performed with better than 90% accuracy. Once movements are identified, movement-specific parameters sensitive to changes in functional status are extracted from the signal. A two stage methodology for employing the accelerometry system in monitoring free-living subjects is introduced. The first stage involved monitoring specific movements through a directed routine. The second stage involved monitoring of free movement. Signals obtained from the directed routine are used to extract clinically relevant, movement-specific parameters. Signals obtained from the period of free movement are monitored for falls and other abnormal events. General parameters of movement, including energy expenditure, are also measured. The system was evaluated in a series of field studies in laboratory and home environments, in supervised and unsupervised settings, using cohorts of healthy subjects. A pilot trial was conducted in which six healthy elderly subjects wore the TA device for a period of up to three months. The technical performance and useability of the system were evaluated. Clinically significant parameters were measured and the effects of age and health status on the measured parameters were evaluated.

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Horner, Fleur. "Use of accelerometry to predict energy expenditure in military tasks." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558908.

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The overarching aim of this thesis was to enhance the prediction of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in military personnel; specifically, improving accuracy and minimising obtrusiveness. The first experimental chapter provided a thorough assessment of the reliability and validity of the 3DNX accelerometer. Within unit reliability (CVintra) physical activity counts (PAC) was 0.0-8.9% in all axes in a mechanical setting. Between unit reliability (CVinter) did not exceed 4.5%.The relationship between PAC and acceleration was r2 = 0.99 and standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 6 counts∙5s-1. During treadmill exercise, the relationship between and PAC was linear (walking, r2 =0.65, SEE = 1.42 ml·kg-1·min-1; running, r2 =0.62, SEE = 3.63 ml·kg-1·min-1). 3DNX PAC output was valid and reliable when subjected to a physiologically relevant range of mechanically generated accelerations and yielded a linear relationship with during treadmill walking and running. Chapter 7 investigated the effect of anatomical placement on PAC in order to find the most suitable wear location. Hip and back placements returned similar reliability (CVintra = 3.0% and 2.8% respectively). Hip PAC were higher (p < 0.01) for walking with no differences observed for running. Indices of adiposity were related to hip PAC. Regression analysis revealed hip and back PAC as significant predictors of . Back PAC was the least variable placement. Supraspinale skinfold thickness explained 15% additional variance in to PAC and reduced SEE. In Chapter 8, three available devices were compared to doubly labelled water (DLW) for the prediction of free living PAEE using a user-oriented approach. All devices underestimated PAEE. Actiheart-derived PAEE was not different from DLW. However, the wide absolute limits of agreement (LoA) indicated large individual error which was attributed to the use of group rather than individual calibration. 3DNX and GT3X PAEE predictions were different from DLW however LoA were narrower indicating the possibility of applying a correction factor in future. Chapter 9 was an amalgamation of ten independent cohorts in an attempt to produce a military-specific multivariate model for the prediction of energy expenditure (EE). Stringent data reduction techniques were applied to a highly compliant dataset. Allometric models showed PAC, height and body mass were related to total energy expenditure (TEE) (p < 0.01). For models predicting TEE, PAC explained 4 % of the variance. For models predicting PAEE, PAC accounted for 6 % of the variance. The small amount of variance explained by PAC was likely due to the inability of accelerometers to detect EE as a result of day-to-day military activities such as load carriage. Such small portions of explained variance indicate that traditional accelerometry techniques are inadequate for use in military populations. In Chapter 10, an alternative approach to characterising military-specific activities was explored due to the minor contribution of PAC to PAEE prediction in Chapter 9. Accelerometer raw signal (100 Hz) was used to develop a classification model which aimed to discriminate load carriage (LC) from unloaded ambulation during an occupationally relevant protocol (2-hours, 6.4km∙hr-1, 25kg load). Fast Fourier transformation showed differences in the frequency distribution of the signal between conditions; caused by differences in gait parameters. Load carriage was detected in 97.2% of 1-minute samples with reduced classification accuracy during the last 30 minutes. Fatigue was suggested as a cause of misclassification; indicated by an upwards drift in and RPE across time. In conclusion, accelerometer PAC is a weak contributor to the prediction of energy expenditure in military populations. Accuracy could be improved by detection of load bearing activities which is feasible given the advancement in technology and analysis techniques. New technologies such as optical interferometrics could be integrated into existing military equipment to detect heartbeat and respiration; providing data regarding the physiological strain of training and operations.

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Nedergaard, N. J. "Whole-body biomechanical load monitoring from accelerometry in team sports." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5469/.

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Contemporary research into training load in team sports primarily focusses on the physiological load demands, whereas the biomechanical load still remains largely unexplored. While the former refers to the work-energy relationship when the players move around the pitch, the latter refers to the external forces the players are exposed to from their movements around the pitch. Monitoring of the biomechanical load helps practitioners estimate the stresses on an athlete’s musculoskeletal structures as a consequence of the external forces acting on their body. Monitoring of the biomechanical load is currently restricted to laboratory settings, but the recent introduction of GPS devices with integrated accelerometers in team sports may enable practitioners to monitor whole-body biomechanical load during training sessions and match-play. The aim of this thesis was therefore to explore if body-worn accelerometry can be used for whole-body biomechanical load monitoring in team sports. The first study of this thesis showed that although a linear relationship exists between body-worn accelerometry (e.g. from GPS integrated accelerometers) and whole-body accelerations, the linear relationship based on Newton’s second law of motion is weak regardless of accelerometer location (trunk, pelvis or tibia). Body-worn accelerometry only measures the acceleration of the segment it is attached to and is therefore inadequate to measure the complex multi-segment dynamics of the whole body during team sports movements. The second study of this thesis did however offer a potential solution to that problem, and it was demonstrated that the complex multi-segment dynamics of the body and the associated ground reaction forces (GRF), a surrogate for whole-body biomechanical load, can be estimated with a mass-spring-damper model (MSD-model). Nonetheless, the MSD-model’s accuracy to estimate GRF slightly decreases for sharp changes of direction at high intensities, because the absorption of energy and generation of energy are decoupled. Finally, a novel approach to estimate GRF from the combination of trunk-mounted accelerometry and a MSD-model was introduced in this thesis. This approach showed that trunk accelerometry data has the potential to generate the eight model parameters required to estimate GRF from a MSD-model, though further work is required in particular towards improving the model’s ability to estimate GRF across a wide range of activities. The novel approach introduced in this thesis has the potential to give practitioners in team sports the opportunity to monitor whole-body biomechanical load due to player-ground interaction in the field, a necessity if they wish to predict the consequent musculoskeletal structural adaptations of training sessions and match-play.

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Nwanna, Obinna. "Validation of an Accelerometry Based Method of Human Gait Analysis." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1400424346.

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Kovaleski, Joao Luiz. "Etude, modélisation et réalisation de capteurs d'accélération et force à base de polymère piézoélectrique PVF2." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10122.

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Le pvf2 s'avere bien adapte chaque fois que l'une ou moins de ses proprietes intrinseques est exploitee. En vue de la realisation de capteurs accelerometriques, nous avons etudie les proprietes du pvf2 et nous avons analyse le comportement d'une lame de pvf2 soumise a une contrainte de compression. Nous avons developpe des modeles electriques du pvf2 qui nous permettent d'effectuer des simulations a l'aide du logiciel spice. Ces modeles nous ont permis de definir les caracteristiques theoriques de nos capteurs que nous avons pu correler avec les resultats experimentaux. A la suite de ces etudes theoriques nous avons realise des capteurs accelerometriques. Parmi ceux-ci nous retiendrons l'accelerometre sismique et le capteur d'activite. Ces deux capteurs sont interessants car ils presentent des caracteristiques extremes, tant sur le plan metrologique que sur le plan dimensionnel. Enfin, nous avons aussi a partir des etudes faites sur les caracteristiques des accelerometres a masses inertielles developpe un capteur gyrometrique susceptible de delivrer des signaux proportionnels aux grandeurs liees a un mouvement de rotation. En nous basant sur les travaux de modelisation, nous avons explore le domaine des basses frequences. A partir d'un algorithme de lecture de charge pour aborder le domaine des mesures de forces statiques, nous avons developpe une implementation capable de restituer une image de la force statique appliquee

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19

Kangas, M. (Maarit). "Development of accelerometry-based fall detection:from laboratory environment to real life." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296857.

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Abstract About one third of home-dwelling older people suffer a fall ech year. The most consuming falls occur when the person is alone and unable to get up, resulting in long lies which are associated with institutionalisation and high morbidity-mortality rate. Even though personal emergency response systems provide applications to call for help, older people are not always able or willing to activate them. Hence, an automatic fall detection system is an important setting. Even though pilot applications and commercial fall detection systems exist, the real-life validation of these systems is scant. The aim of this study was to develop a validated acceleration-based method for fall detection to be adapted for real-life applications among older people. Methods capable of discriminating between falls and activities of daily living (ADL) were determined based on laboratory tests. The threshold-based algorithms were validated with intentional falls in 20 middle-aged test persons and ADL in 20 middle-aged and 21 older people. The algorithm for the waist with impact and end posture detection was able to discriminate falls from ADL with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In order to validate the fall detection system, a field test was performed with 16 residents in elderly care units wearing a wireless sensor. During the 6-month test period, acceleration data from five real-life falls were collected. One of the falls resulted in a hip fracture. These falls showed similar features as intentional falls. However, high pre impact velocity was detected in the case with a fracture, but not in all falls with preventative actions. The system had a fall detection sensitivity of 71.4% with a false alarm rate of 1.1 alarms over a 24-hour time period in this real-life pilot test. The data from real-life falls provide important material for further development of fall detection and studies on fall mechanism and fall prevention
Tiivistelmä Kotona asuvista yli 65-vuotiaista kaatuu vuosittain kolmannes. Mikäli kaatunut ei kykene nousemaan omin neuvoin, avun saaminen saattaa viivästyä. Tämä suurentaa sekä laitoshoitoon joutumisen todennäköisyyttä että kuoleman riskiä. Erilaisia hälytysjärjestelmiä on kyllä saatavilla, mutta ikääntyneet eivät aina kykene käyttämään niitä tai eivät jostain syystä halua tehdä hälytystä. Tämän vuoksi automaattiselle kaatumishälyttimelle on tarvetta. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitettiin ja testattiin ikääntyneiden tarpeisiin soveltuva kiihtyvyysanturiin perustuva kaatumisen tunnistumenetelmä. Aineisto koottiin laboratorio-olosuhteissa kokeilla, joihin osallistui sekä nuoria että keski-ikäisiä. Raja-arvoon perustuvia tunnistusalgoritmeja testattiin 20 keski-ikäisen ohjeistettujen testikaatumisten sekä 20 keski-ikäisen ja 21 ikääntyneen arkisten askareiden tuottamalla datalla. Kaatumistapahtuman impaktin ja loppuasennon tunnistaminen vyötäröltä mitatuista kiihtyvyysarvoista erotteli kaatumisen muusta liikkeestä 95 % sensitiivisyydellä ja 100 % spesifisyydellä. Tunnistusmenetelmää testattiin kenttäkokeessa, jossa 16 ikääntynyttä hoitokodin asukasta piti vyötäröllään mittauslaitetta. Kuuden kuukauden aikana kiihtyvyyssignaali saatiin viidestä kaatumisesta. Yksi niistä aiheutti lonkkamurtuman. Analyysin mukaan näiden todellisten kaatumisten kiihtyvyyssignaalit muistuttivat testikaatumisia. Lonkkamurtumatapauksessa ennen impaktia mitattu nopeus oli erittäin korkea. Vastaavaa ei havaittu tapauksissa, joissa oli merkkejä siitä, että kaatumista oli yritetty estää. Kenttäkokeessa kaatumishälytysjärjestelmän sensitiivisyys oli 71.4 % ja vääriä hälytyksiä oli 1.1 vuorokaudessa. Tutkimuksessa saatua tietoa tosielämän kaatumistapahtumista voidaan käyttää hyväksi kehitettäessä kaatumisten ehkäisyä, niiden mekanismin tutkimista sekä kaatumisen tunnistusta kiihtyvyysanturien avulla

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20

Thompson, Blair F. "Spaceborne accelerometry and temporal gravity analysis from the CHAMP satellite mission." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3186939.

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21

Collins, Philip. "The movement ecology of a breeding seabird : an investigation using accelerometry." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/The-movement-ecology-of-a-breeding-seabird(e36b8ee9-9f13-498e-93bd-6546910d9ce5).html.

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Animal movement is a ubiquitous process and can have consequences ranging from an individual’s energy expenditure to ecosystem dynamics. This study uses biologgers, primarily accelerometers, to record and examine the at-sea behaviours of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) during their breeding period. Accelerometers record the acceleration of an instrumented animal to give an indication of their behaviour and movements, yet their output can be particularly difficult to interpret. As such, this thesis begins with a method developed for the assignation of coarse-scale behaviours to accelerometry data. The method is a simple yet objective approach intended to be widely applicable. Using this method, we construct time-activity budgets for incubating and chick-rearing kittiwakes and apply activity-specific estimates of energy expenditure to these behaviours. We identify how kittiwakes allocate their time and what the energetic consequences of variation in time-allocation are. We present empirical evidence for chick-rearing kittiwakes expending more energy than incubating birds and identify that kittiwakes exhibit behavioural compensation whereby they limit energy expenditure across both foraging trips and days. We also examine the flight behaviour of kittiwakes in relation to extrinsic conditions. We find that wind conditions do not seem to influence broader scale patterns in movements during foraging trips, however kittiwakes do display behavioural plasticity in response to wind conditions by optimising their flight speeds towards maximum range speeds. We also identify that to optimise flight speeds, kittiwakes change the strength at which they flap their wings, rather than the frequency. Finally we present a serendipitous observation of predation of kittiwake chicks by a peregrine falcon. Although not directly related to movement ecology, this study documents novel predatory behaviour and highlights the importance of biological forces other than movement. Overall, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates that by examining the movement of individuals, it is possible to gain insights into various important aspects of their biology.

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22

Wang, Ning. "Energy efficiency and classification accuracy trade-offs in accelerometry-based activity recognition." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.586895.

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Driven by growing real-world application 'such as healthcare challenges, accelerometry-based activity recognition has been widely studied as a potential context-aware subsystem for the future pervasive healthcare system. Reliable, accurate recognition and energy efficiency to enable long-term and non-intrusiveness activity monitoring are the key issues for practical use in healthcare applications. A great number of activity recognition systems have been proposed focusing on sensor node design and recognition algorithm development to achieve good classification performance, while the trade-offs between recognition accuracy and energy efficiency has not been investigated in depth. This research investigates this issue by comparing on-node and off-node activity recognition schemes through a practical development. The main contribution of this research is concluded as follows. Firstly, the trade-offs between classification accuracy and energy efficiency is raised as the key issue in sensor based activity recognition system to tackle the real world application challenges. Then this research presents a systematic, empirical design process for optimizing an activity recognition system with respect to the above issue. Such design process involves defining application, designing hardware platform, developing classification recognition algorithm, energy consumption modelling and real system performance evaluation. On-node and off-node classification schemes are the two design philosophies which are compared in this process. This research performs the first step to strike the energy-accuracy trade-offs in body sensor based activity recognition system. The future work should be generalised in two ways. First, different design schemes between the two extreme design philosophies are to be analysed. Then, more classification algorithms should be investigated.

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23

Hislop, Jane. "Accelerometry measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in pre-school children." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2013. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7414.

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This thesis is based on six studies which address questions around the use of accelerometers to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour of pre-school children: are shorter epochs more accurate? Which epochs are most accurate? Are there advantages to using triaxial accelerometers? Which cut-points are most accurate? Are different generations of Actigraph accelerometers comparable? What is the recommended wear time to provide a reliable estimate of habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour? Analysis of 7-10 day accelerometry data, collected from 31 pre-school children (mean (SD) age 5.9 (0.7) y), suggests that shorter epochs (15 s) result in significantly greater estimates of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in comparison to 60-s epochs (p <0.05). When compared against a direct observation method, Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS), with 32 pre-school children (4.4 (0.8) y) during 1 hour of free-play, 15-s epochs were more accurate than 60-s epochs. Comparison of the triaxial RT3 against a uniaxial accelerometer, suggests no advantage of the RT3 accelerometer. The Puyau et al. (2002) cut-points had the ‘best’ agreement with estimates of sedentary behaviour, light intensity and MVPA against the CARS. Different generations of accelerometers were not comparable, however, application of a correction factor to the GT1M data (7164 = GT1M/0.91) may improve comparability of total physical activity. Finally, analysis of 7 day accelerometry data from 112 pre-school children (3.7 (0.7) y) suggests that 3 days of 7 hours provides a reliable estimate of habitual physical activity and that inclusion of weekend days is not necessary. This thesis highlights the implications that methodological decisions can have over apparent estimates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour and has made recommendations for accelerometry use. Ideally, there needs to be a move towards consensus, as, only by adopting standardised approaches to accelerometry use, will comparison between study outcomes become meaningful.

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Santos, Lilian Utraga dos. "Análise biomecânica do andamento em potros da raça mangalarga marchador nos primeiros 15 dias de vida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152534.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T20:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_lu_me_araca_int.pdf: 1158643 bytes, checksum: 2b9d0ef4e468d0806d38ac2d5213a3e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-15
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nosso estudo avaliou as características biomecânicas (comprimento e frequência da passada, deslocamento dorsoventral, potência dorsoventral, propulsão, potência médio lateral e potência total) de potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador, comparando com os melhores animais adultos da propriedade com o objetivo de identificar precocemente características desejáveis da marcha. Foram avaliados doze potros nos primeiros quinze dias de vida e dez adultos, em uma mesma propriedade. A obtenção das variáveis cinemáticas e cinéticas foi realizada com o equipamento de análise de andamento Equimetrix (Centaure Métrix, Fontainebleau, France) e a velocidade acompanhada com uso de GPS preso no braço do treinador. Foi realizada a comparação dos dois grupos, ao passo e à marcha. Nossos resultados demonstraram que ao passo podem ser observadas precocemente nesta raça a frequência e a simetria desde o nascimento e a regularidade a partir do décimo primeiro dia de vida. Em relação à marcha, a regularidade foi o único parâmetro consistente desde o nascimento
The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of gait (length and frequency of the gait, dorsoventral displacement, dorsoventral power, propulsion, lateral power mean and total power) of foals and adult animals from Mangalarga Marchador breed to identify early characteristics of gait. Twelve foals were evaluated during the first 15 days of life and the results were compared to the mean values recorded from 10 adult horses. Kinematic and kinetic variables were obtained with Equimetrix (Centaure Métrix, Fontainebleau, France), and speed was monitored using a GPS attached to the trainer's arm. Step and marcha gait analyses were compared between groups. At walk, our results demonstrated that frequency and symmetry are similar to adults and can be observed early in foals since the day of birth whereas regularity is characteristic for this breed from the 11th day of life on. Regarding gait, regularity was the only consistent parameter since birth
FAPESP: 14/18232-8

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25

Abbott, John, Paul Moquin, Abdulmalek Bursais, Julia Kirkpatrick, Christine L. Coniglio, and Jeremy A. Gentles. "The Relationship Between Accelerometry Derived Training Loads and sRPE In Women’s College Soccer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5834.

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26

Saba, David Joseph. "Validation of Running Symmetry Using Trunk Mounted Accelerometry: Clinical Trial and Case Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73307.

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Trunk-mounted monitoring equipment like GPSports SPIHPU units are designed to use global positioning (GPS), accelerometer and heart rate monitoring to evaluate the physical demands of an activity. A medical staff might also consider markers such as running symmetry in evaluation of injury occurrence and rehabilitation. A running symmetry is a ratio of the synchronization of the right and left lower limbs during the gait cycle. An asymmetry due to, a pathology or musculoskeletal injury, results in abnormal loading on the foot that may be detected by trunk-mounted accelerometry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of SPIHPU units to detect running asymmetry. Subjects wore the HPISPU units (100Hz, 16g tri-axial accelerometer, 50Hz magnetometer) while engaged in various running activities. In the first study, artificially inducing a leg length discrepancy led to a difference between running symmetry scores. This discrepancy was confirmed using individual accelerometers attached to the lower leg near the foot. Next, varying running speed did not result in differences in running symmetry. However, the SPIHPU units did detect a running asymmetry between fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Finally, two case studies showed that the units could identify asymmetry immediately after a lower leg injury and during rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. The results of this study show that the HPUSPI units can be reliably used to monitor running symmetry and to detect asymmetrical gait patterns.
Master of Science

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27

Warren, Victoria E. "Associations of Subjective vs. Objective Physical Activity Level Related to Medication Use In Older Adults." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1545241669055766.

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28

Arcidiacono, Steven. "Predicting Cardiovascular Fitness in Ethnic Minority Youth: A Comparison of Demographic, Body Composition, and Physical Activity Variables." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/112.

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Prevalence of obesity, low physical activity, and poor physical fitness of youth in the United States are increasingly poor and in need of intervention to prevent later concerns like hypertension. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine which factors weigh heaviest in predicting cardiovascular fitness in diverse youth, and how we might measure those factors by maximizing clinical utility and psychometric properties. The sample was gathered from a larger study examining physical activity in youth from Miami-Dade county enrolled in out-of-school programs. Participants (N = 58) were aged 6-17 and comprised exclusively of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents, the majority of whom were from low-income families. Predictors of fitness were gathered in three primary categories: demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnic category, family income level), body composition (Body Mass Index [BMI] percentile, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis [BIA]-measured body fat percentage), and habitual physical activity (accelerometer-measured counts per minute). These factors were entered in a hierarchical regression model to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measured by performance on a 20-meter shuttle run. Physical activity was not found to be significantly associated with fitness, and the effect size of this relationship was small, particularly when considering the impact of demographic and body composition variables. Overall, results reinforced the need for interventions to improve body composition and increase physical activity: the average participant was at the 81st percentile of BMI, had 26% body fat, was sedentary for approximately 84% of awake time, and only spent a few minutes per day engaging in vigorous physical activity. There were significant main effects of gender and race/ethnic category such that males and Non-Hispanic Black participants generally spent a greater proportion of time engaging in physical activity, with less sedentary time. Being female, younger, and having less body fat was associated with performance in the healthy fitness range when considering the impact of other variables, even though boys and older participants had more laps on the shuttle run. Findings presented in this dissertation indicate a continued need to develop technology with high utility, validity, and reliability to measure and improve indicators of health in diverse, low-income youth.

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29

Harrington, Marian. "Accelerometry for the computer recognition of arm gestures of people with impaired limb control." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339378.

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30

Coniglio, Christine L., Kyle Travis, and Jeremy A. Gentles. "The Relationship Between Accelerometry and Total Distance Measured With GPS in Women’s College Soccer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5833.

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31

Behardien, Thulfieq. "The physical activity status and patterns in adults with Cerebral Palsy - an accelerometry study." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31784.

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One of the most common causes of physical disability acquired during childhood is cerebral palsy (CP). Due to improvements in medical care over the past decades, almost all children with CP survive into adulthood nowadays. In addition, based on a stable incidence rate and longevity of individuals with CP, currently most persons with CP are adults. Therefore, it is appropriate to draw awareness to focus on rehabilitation in adults with CP. Due to the nature of their physical disability, adults with CP are at risk to an inactive lifestyle, which can lead to increased health risks. Physical inactivity may be the predisposition to developing a cycle of deconditioning, in which reduced levels of PA (physical activity) may lead to lower levels of physical fitness. Lower levels of physical fitness cause individual’s with CP to expend more energy during daily activities such as walking. As a consequence, individuals with CP may experience earlier fatigue, pain or other factors that increase the impact of the disorder on daily functioning. It is therefore important to intervene in this vicious cycle of physical inactivity. This thesis provides an overview of the methods used to record PA and reports on PA levels in adults with CP. The literature review evidently showed that adults with CP were less physically active compared to TD (typically developed) peers and spent more time in sedentary behaviour compared to TD adults. Various methods have been shown to be available to assess levels of PA, such as questionnaires, pedometers, and more advanced accelerometers that allow for measuring acceleration in three directions (x-y-z axes). Previously, research studies’ most commonly used hip-worn devices among adults with CP to assess PA levels, such as the Actigraph that has been used and validated in various populations with and without disabilities. Unfortunately, the Actigraph is not water resistant, which does not allow individuals to continuously wear the device. Alternatively, wrist-worn devices can be used to assess PA levels, such as the Polar Loop 2, which is convenient to wear and water-resistant. However, no previous research has proven the validity of the Polar Loop 2 to assess PA levels in a cohort with CP. In addition, most studies focused on adults with CP in developed countries, while no studies have been conducted in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of the second study was to determine differences in PA between adults with CP and TD adults living in South Africa, assessed with the Actigraph and Polar Loop 2 accelerometers. In addition, we aimed to determine the validity of the Polar Loop 2 compared to the Actigraph for different levels of PA. This study showed that adults with CP were less physically active than TD adults, based on findings that the number of steps taken per day were substantially lower, they spent more time being sedentary and less time in low and moderate intensity PA. The Polar Loop 2 showed to be a valid measure for PA in adults with CP and TD adults. Since the Polar Loop 2 is water-resistant and convenient to wear it can be a useful tool to measure PA in clinical practice. The reduced levels of PA presented in this thesis highlight that adults with CP are at risk of reduced fitness levels and secondary complications during daily life activities. This cycle of deconditioning may progress during ageing in adults with CP. More PA and exercise, at the correct intensity and duration, can break the barrier of this vicious cycle. Regular exercise can have a variety of beneficial effects on the health of adults with CP. For example, it may reduce the incidence of obesity, improve muscle function and muscle strength. Furthermore, exercise can reduce the incidence of chronic health conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. In order to avoid health issues at older ages and to prevent inactive lifestyles, it is important to encourage a healthy and active lifestyle during early adulthood to promote physically active when growing older. Regular exercise also positively influences the development of the musculoskeletal system, which may prevent the decline in mobility.

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32

Babineau, Olivier. "Using accelerometry to evaluate physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in bariatric surgery patients." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119678.

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Background Sedentarism or prolonged sitting time is an emerging risk factor for obesity, independent of physical activity (PA). Bariatric surgery seems to be most effective form of treatment that works for severely obese individuals (Body Mass Index (BMI) of >40 kg/m2). Objectives The purpose of this investigation was to characterize with the use of accelerometers, daily steps/day and sedentary behavior (SB) by measuring time-spent sitting/lying in severely obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Setting McGill University Health Center (MUHC). Methods Seventeen patients (58.5% of the patients were female) with a mean age of 46.5 ± 10.1 years, and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 48.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2 scheduled for bariatric surgery took part in this study. ActivPal™ accelerometers were attached to the patient's upper leg and worn 24 hours a day for seven consecutive days. Mean steps, transitions from sitting to standing and hours of sitting/lying per day were measured before, and 3 and 6 months following post bariatric surgery. Results Prior to bariatric surgery, participants spent 18.6 ± 1.5 hours/day sitting/lying, representing over 75 % of their day. Patterns in total sitting/lying time did not significantly change at three or six months after surgery. Baseline accumulated steps/day averaged 6139 ± 2720 and did not increase across time periods. PA patterns did not increase on either weekdays or weekend days. Conclusions Given that PA and SB are believed to independently contribute to energy balance and health outcomes, clinician's and health professionals should intervene more rigorously to simultaneously reduce sedentarism and increase levels of PA to help bariatric surgery patients successfully manage their weight.
Contexte La sédentarité ou l'adoption de comportements passifs, tels que la position assise prolongée, ont récemment été associés comme facteur de risque de l'obésité, et ce, indépendamment du niveau d'activité physique. L'obésité morbide (IMC ≥ 40 kg/m²) implique plusieurs répercussions pour le système de santé et, présentement, la chirurgie bariatrique semble être le traitement le plus efficace. L'objectif de cette étude est de quantifier, à l'aide d'un accéléromètre, le volume d'activité physique (pas/jour) et les comportements sédentaires avant et après la chirurgie bariatrique chez des obèses morbides. Méthodes Dix- sept participants devant subir une opération au « McGill University Health Center » ont pris part à cette étude. L'accéléromètre ActivPal ™ fut attaché sur la cuisse du patient et a été porté 24 h/jour pendant 7 jours consécutifs. La moyenne de pas, les transitions de la position assise à debout et les heures passées aux positions assises ou couchées par jour ont été mesurées avant, à 3 mois et à 6 mois après la chirurgie bariatrique. Résultats À priori, 58.5 % des participants étaient des femmes, l'âge moyen étant de 46.5 ± 10.1 ans et l'IMC, à 48.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Les participants avant la chirurgie, en moyenne, ont accumulé 18.6 ± 1.5 h/jour aux positions assises/couchées, ce qui représente plus de 75 % de leur journée. Le montant total de temps passé à ces positions sédentaires n'a pas changé de façon significative à 3 et 6 mois suite à la chirurgie bariatrique. Le nombre de pas/jour total accumulé avant la chirurgie était 6139 ± 2720 et n'a pas augmenté à aucune des périodes de temps. De plus, leur niveau d'activité physique n'a pas augmenté en semaine ou en fin de semaine et ce durant la durée de l'étude. Conclusion En utilisant le port d'un accéléromètre basé sur l'inclinomètre tel que l'ActivPALTM, nous constatons que les comportements sédentaires et le volume d'activité physique n'ont pas changé suite à la chirurgie bariatrique. Comme l'activité physique et les comportements sédentaires contribuent chacun de façon indépendante à l'équilibre énergétique et aux paramètres de santé métabolique, les professionnels de la santé devraient intervenir plus rigoureusement afin de réduire la sédentarité et encourager des niveaux d'activité physique plus élevés dans le but d'aider les patients de chirurgie bariatrique à mieux gérer leur poids corporel.

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33

Lepisk, Paul, and Anna-Maria Furu. "Hyper(in)aktiv? : En studie om sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet och motorisk förmåga hos barn med ADHD." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1110.

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Syfte

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan motorisk färdighet ochmängd fysisk aktivitet av olika intensiteter hos barn med diagnosen ADHD.

Frågeställningar

1. Hur många barn med ADHD har motoriska nedsättningar utifrån Movement ABC?

2. Hur många barn med ADHD når upp till de Nordiska rekommendationerna för fysiskaktivitet?

3. Hur ser sambandet mellan motorisk färdighet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå ut hos barn medADHD?

Metod

I studien ingick fem pojkar i åldern 9-12 år med diagnosen ADHD. I studien mättes denfysiska aktivitetsgraden med accelerometrar av modellen ActiGraph GT3X somtestpersonerna bar under sju efterföljande dagar. Den motoriska förmågan hos testpersonernamättes med hjälp av de kvantitativa motoriktesterna i Movement ABC. Testerna genomfördesi en lokal på testpersonernas skolor och accelerometrarna samt ett medföljandeinformationsbrev delades ut vid samma tillfälle.

Resultat

Av resultaten av motoriktesterna framgår att endast en testperson hade ett resultat som visarpå tillfredsställande motorisk förmåga, tre testpersoner låg i riskzonen för motoriskanedsättningar och en testperson hade uppenbara brister i sin motoriska färdighet. Fyra av de fem testpersonerna uppnådde de Nordiska rekommendationerna om minst 60 minuters fysiskaaktivitet per dag, inkluderad både måttlig till hård aktivitet. Inga signifikanta samband kundeses mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och motorisk färdighet.

Slutsats

Studien kunde inte finna något samband mellan motorisk färdighet och mängd fysisk aktivitetav olika intensiteter hos barn med diagnosen ADHD. På grund av testgruppens ringa storlekbör man ej betrakta studiens resultat som generaliserbara, studien kan dock ses som enpilotstudie.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between motorskills and amount of physical activity of various intensities in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Questions

1. How many children with ADHD have motor impairments based on Movement ABC?

2. How many children with ADHD reaches the Nordic recommendations for physicalactivity?

3. What is the relationship between motor skills and level of physical activity in childrenwith ADHD?

Method

The study included five boys aged 9-12 years diagnosed with ADHD. The study is study inwhich the physical activity level was measured using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers whichtest subjects wore for seven subsequent days. The motor skills of the test subjects were measured using the quantitative motor tests in Movement ABC. The tests were carried out ina room at the test subjects schools and accelerometers, and accompanying instruction were distributed at the same time.

Results

The results of motor tests showed that only one person had test results showing satisfactorymotor skills, three test persons were at risk of motor impairments and a test person hadobvious defects in their motor skills. Four of the five test persons achieved the nordicrecommendations for at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, including both moderateto heavy activity. No significant correlation was seen between physical activity level andmotor skills.

Conclusions

The study could not find any correlation between motor skills and amount of physical activityof various intensities in children diagnosed with ADHD. Due to the small test group theresults of the current study should be taken with precaution, but can be regarded as a pilotstudy.

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Karlsson, Jenny. "Fysiska aktivitetsmönstret hos äldre, mätt med accelerometri före och i slutet av en två månaders träningsperiod." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3398.

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Abstract:

Syfte. Syftet med studien var att med accelerometri kartlägga det fysiska aktivitetsmönstret hos äldre vid två separata förtest och i slutet av en tvåmånadersperiod med ledarledd träning två gånger per vecka. En vidare målsättning var att studera överensstämmelsen mellan enkätfrågorna om fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande gentemot uppmätt accelerometerdata. Metod. En grupp 65-91 år (medel 71 år, BMI 25 kg/m2) studerades. Två förtest (F1 & F2) samt ett eftertest (E) utfördes under sista träningsveckan. Totalt ingick 97 individer vid F1 & F2 samt 78 vid E som jämfördes mot resultat vid F2. Resultat. Vid F1 sågs vid accelerometri för minst måttlig fysisk aktivitet medelvärdet 42,7 min/d (MVPA/d), men endast 22, 2 min/d för tid i perioder à minst 10 min (Freedson bouts/d). Vid analys av separata dagar kom bara 15% av deltagarna upp till rekommenderade 5 dgr/v à minst 30 min av sammanhängande 10-min-perioder fysisk aktivitet (med lägst måttlig intensitet). Median för högintensiv aktivitet (VPA) var mycket låg för denna grupp (0,9 min/d). Medel för stillasittande var 10,2 timmar (SED/d) samt 4,3 timmar total tid i minst 20-min-perioder (Sedentary bouts/d). Mellan F1 & F2 sågs ingen signifikant förändring för MVPA/d eller Freedson bouts/d. Däremot framkom en ytterst liten sänkning som var signifikant för stillasittande tid (20,0 resp. 13,7 min/d i SED/d resp. Sed bouts/d). Förändring av VPA visade en minimal ökning med 0,4 min/d (sign.). Korrelationen mellan F1 & F2 var 0,86 för MVPA/d, 0,81 för Freedson/d, 0,59 för Vig/d, 0,59 för SED/d samt 0,74 för Sed bouts/d, alla signifikanta. Vid E sågs, gentemot F2, en liten men signifikant ökning av medel för MVPA/d (till 50,6 min/d), men inte för Freedson bouts (20,9 min/d) eller för målet minst 5 dgr/v med 30 min i Freedson bouts/d (12%). Stillasittande sjönk signifikant för E till 9,7 tim/d (SED/d) samt 3,6 tim/d (Sed. bouts/d). VPA ökade minimalt med 0,5 min/d (sign.) till medianvärdet 1,7 min/d. De starkaste signifikanta (*) korrelationerna mellan olika frågor och accelerometri noterades för MVPA/d resp. Freedson bouts/d (som mest 0.53- 0,60*), följt av stillasittande 0,40* resp. 0,39* (i SED/d resp. Sed bouts/d). För VPA noterades inga eller ytterst låga samband, som högst r=0,24* mot frågorna. Slutsats. Värdena för högintensiv aktivitet vid accelerometri visade genomgående förvånansvärt låga nivåer. En orsak kan vara att datoranalysprogrammen för aktivitetsmätarna inte är tillräckligt känsliga såsom de idag är inställda för seniorers högsta intensitetsnivåer. Bäst signifikanta samband gentemot accelerometri sågs för frågor om minst måttligt intensiv fysisk aktivitet. Visst signifikant samband sågs även för en fråga om stillasittande, medan aktivitetsmätarens data stämde vanligtvis inte överens med självskattad data för högintensiv fysisk aktivitet för äldre. Så dessa seniordata är inte helt lika jämfört med tidigare studier på yngre vuxna som vanligtvis visat en högre validitet för frågor med högintensiv jämfört med måttligt intensiv fysisk aktivitet.
Aim. The purpose of the study was to identify that with accelerometry the physical activity patterns of elderly, at two separate pre-test and at the end of a two-month period with instructor-led training twice per week. A further aim was to study the correlation between survey questions about physical activity and sedentary against measured accelerometer data. Method. A group of 65-91 years (mean 71 years, BMI 25 kg/m2) were studied. Two pre-test (F1 & F2) and an aftertest (E) was performed during the last training week. A total of 97 individuals at F1 & F2 and 78 at E compared to F2 were investigated. Results. In F1 was seen for accelerometer data (at least moderate physical activity) mean values 42.7 min/d (MVPA/d), but only 22,2 min/d in time periods of at least 10 minutes (Freedson bouts /d). In the analysis of separate days came only 15% of participants came up to the recommended 5 days/week with at least 30 minutes of continuous 10-min periods of physical activity (with at least moderate intensity). Vigorous intensity activity (VPA) was very low for this group (0.9 min/d). The average for sedentary time was 10.2 hours (SED/d) and 4.3 hours total time in 20-min periods (Sedentary bouts/d). Between F1 and F2 no significant changes were seen for MVPA/d or Freedson bouts/d. A tiny reduction, which was significant, was seen for sedentary time (20.0 resp. 13.7 min/d SED/d, resp. Sed bouts/d). Change of VPA showed a minimal increase of 0.4 min/d (s.). The correlation between F1 & F2 was 0.86 for MVPA/d, 0.81 for Freedson/d, 0.59 for Vig/d, 0.59 SED/d and 0.74 for Sed bouts/d, all significant. At E emerged, against F2, a small but significant increase for MVPA/d (to 50.6 min/d), but not for Freedson bouts/d (20.9 min/d) or to target at least 5 days/week with 30 min in Freedson bouts/d (12%). Sedentary fell significantly for E to 9.7 h/d (SED/d) and 3.6 h/d (Sed. bouts/d). VPA increased minimally by 0.5 min/d (s.) to median 1.7 min/d. The strongest significant (*) correlations between different questions and the accelerometers was noted for MVPA/d, resp. Freedson bouts/d (at most 0.53-0.60 *), followed by sedentary time 0.40 * resp. 0.39 * (in SED/d resp. Sed bouts/d). VPA showed no or very low correlation (highest r = 0.24 *) to the questions. Conclusion. The values of vigorous activities in accelerometer data consistently showed surprisingly low levels. One reason may be that the computer analysis programs for the activity counters are not sufficiently sensitive as they currently are set for senior´s highest intensity levels. Best significant correlation against the accelerometers was seen for questions about at least moderately intense physical activity. Some significant correlation was also seen for sedentary time, while accelerometer data was generally not consistent with self-reported data for high-intensity physical activity for older people. So these senior data show somewhat different results as compared to previous studies in younger adults who usually present a higher validity of the questions with high-intensity compared with moderate-intensity physical activity.

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Brage, Søren. "Objective monitoring of physical activity in the epidemiological setting using accelerometry and heart rate monitoring." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252018.

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McGarty, Arlene Marie. "Understanding and validating accelerometry as a measure of physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7340/.

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Background Physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities is a neglected area of study, which is most apparent in relation to physical activity measurement research. Although objective measures, specifically accelerometers, are widely used in research involving children with intellectual disabilities, existing research is based on measurement methods and data interpretation techniques generalised from typically developing children. However, due to physiological and biomechanical differences between these populations, questions have been raised in the existing literature on the validity of generalising data interpretation techniques from typically developing children to children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, there is a need to conduct population-specific measurement research for children with intellectual disabilities and develop valid methods to interpret accelerometer data, which will increase our understanding of physical activity in this population. Methods Study 1: A systematic review was initially conducted to increase the knowledge base on how accelerometers were used within existing physical activity research involving children with intellectual disabilities and to identify important areas for future research. A systematic search strategy was used to identify relevant articles which used accelerometry-based monitors to quantify activity levels in ambulatory children with intellectual disabilities. Based on best practice guidelines, a novel form was developed to extract data based on 17 research components of accelerometer use. Accelerometer use in relation to best practice guidelines was calculated using percentage scores on a study-by-study and component-by-component basis. Study 2: To investigate the effect of data interpretation methods on the estimation of physical activity intensity in children with intellectual disabilities, a secondary data analysis was conducted. Nine existing sets of child-specific ActiGraph intensity cut points were applied to accelerometer data collected from 10 children with intellectual disabilities during an activity session. Four one-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine differences in estimated time spent in sedentary, moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous intensity activity. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments were additionally used to identify where significant differences occurred. Study 3: The feasibility on a laboratory-based calibration protocol developed for typically developing children was investigated in children with intellectual disabilities. Specifically, the feasibility of activities, measurements, and recruitment was investigated. Five children with intellectual disabilities and five typically developing children participated in 14 treadmill-based and free-living activities. In addition, resting energy expenditure was measured and a treadmill-based graded exercise test was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Breath-by-breath respiratory gas exchange and accelerometry were continually measured during all activities. Feasibility was assessed using observations, activity completion rates, and respiratory data. Study 4: Thirty-six children with intellectual disabilities participated in a semi-structured school-based physical activity session to calibrate accelerometry for the estimation of physical activity intensity. Participants wore a hip-mounted ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometer, with direct observation (SOFIT) used as the criterion measure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to determine the optimal accelerometer cut points for sedentary, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity. Study 5: To cross-validate the calibrated cut points and compare classification accuracy with existing cut points developed in typically developing children, a sub-sample of 14 children with intellectual disabilities who participated in the school-based sessions, as described in Study 4, were included in this study. To examine the validity, classification agreement was investigated between the criterion measure of SOFIT and each set of cut points using sensitivity, specificity, total agreement, and Cohen’s kappa scores. Results Study 1: Ten full text articles were included in this review. The percentage of review criteria met ranged from 12%−47%. Various methods of accelerometer use were reported, with most use decisions not based on population-specific research. A lack of measurement research, specifically the calibration/validation of accelerometers for children with intellectual disabilities, is limiting the ability of researchers to make appropriate and valid accelerometer use decisions. Study 2: The choice of cut points had significant and clinically meaningful effects on the estimation of physical activity intensity and sedentary behaviour. For the 71-minute session, estimations for time spent in each intensity between cut points ranged from: sedentary = 9.50 (± 4.97) to 31.90 (± 6.77) minutes; moderate = 8.10 (± 4.07) to 40.40 (± 5.74) minutes; vigorous = 0.00 (± .00) to 17.40 (± 6.54) minutes; and moderate to vigorous = 8.80 (± 4.64) to 46.50 (± 6.02) minutes. Study 3: All typically developing participants and one participant with intellectual disabilities completed the protocol. No participant met the maximal criteria for the graded exercise test or attained a steady state during the resting measurements. Limitations were identified with the usability of respiratory gas exchange equipment and the validity of measurements. The school-based recruitment strategy was not effective, with a participation rate of 6%. Therefore, a laboratory-based calibration protocol was not feasible for children with intellectual disabilities. Study 4: The optimal vertical axis cut points (cpm) were ≤ 507 (sedentary), 1008−2300 (moderate), and ≥ 2301 (vigorous). Sensitivity scores ranged from 81−88%, specificity 81−85%, and AUC .87−.94. The optimal vector magnitude cut points (cpm) were ≤ 1863 (sedentary), ≥ 2610 (moderate) and ≥ 4215 (vigorous). Sensitivity scores ranged from 80−86%, specificity 77−82%, and AUC .86−.92. Therefore, the vertical axis cut points provide a higher level of accuracy in comparison to the vector magnitude cut points. Study 5: Substantial to excellent classification agreement was found for the calibrated cut points. The calibrated sedentary cut point (ĸ =.66) provided comparable classification agreement with existing cut points (ĸ =.55−.67). However, the existing moderate and vigorous cut points demonstrated low sensitivity (0.33−33.33% and 1.33−53.00%, respectively) and disproportionately high specificity (75.44−.98.12% and 94.61−100.00%, respectively), indicating that cut points developed in typically developing children are too high to accurately classify physical activity intensity in children with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions The studies reported in this thesis are the first to calibrate and validate accelerometry for the estimation of physical activity intensity in children with intellectual disabilities. In comparison with typically developing children, children with intellectual disabilities require lower cut points for the classification of moderate and vigorous intensity activity. Therefore, generalising existing cut points to children with intellectual disabilities will underestimate physical activity and introduce systematic measurement error, which could be a contributing factor to the low levels of physical activity reported for children with intellectual disabilities in previous research.

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De, Saint-Maurice Pedro. "Validation of the SOPLAY direct observation tool with an objective accelerometry-based physical activity monitor." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1468076.

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Norris, Courtney E. "Testing the efficacy of unsupervised machine learning techniques to infer shark behaviour from accelerometry data." Thesis, Norris, Courtney E. (2019) Testing the efficacy of unsupervised machine learning techniques to infer shark behaviour from accelerometry data. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50648/.

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Biologging is becoming a powerful tool in the study of free-ranging animal behaviour. Accelerometers play an important role particularly for cryptic aquatic species by facilitating the measurement of animal body movement and thus, behaviour. However, our ability to collect large and complex data sets is surpassing our ability to analyse them, prompting a need to develop methodologies for automated behavioural classification. Unsupervised machine learning is particularly useful for behavioural classification where direct observations to link patterns of acceleration to animal behaviour are not always attainable. We tested the ability of unsupervised machine learning to classify shark behaviour by applying two common unsupervised approaches, K-means clustering and Hidden Markov models (HMM), to ground-truthed accelerometry data collected from captive juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris). Although K-means clustering demonstrated low classification performance, the HMM performed well in distinguishing broad categories in behaviour (resting vs swimming), but generally had poor performance in rare and more complex behaviours (e.g. prey handling or burst swimming). This study is one of the first to validate the use of common unsupervised machine learning algorithms and lends further support to their use in the study of behaviour in free-ranging animals, while also showing limitations in their ability to discern complex behaviours.

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Stamm, Andy. "Velocity and Arm Symmetry in Freestyle Swimming using Accelerometry: Data Collection, Analysis and Feature Extraction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365340.

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This research quantified the velocity during the swimming phase and investigated the arm symmetry using a single triaxial accelerometer in freestyle swimming. This included the data collection, analysis and feature extraction of parameters of interest. A main question related to the collection of acceleration data from several athletes in the discipline of swimming under training conditions. This involved developing and testing of suitable sensor technology for tracking the movement of the swimmer. Furthermore, after the first data was collected, more elementary questions evolved: Which data is of interest to athletes and coaches and therefore should be collected? What does the acceleration data mean? How should this data be interpreted? These questions involve human movement studies, especially related to biomechanical & physiological sports science. It also includes digital signal processing of the data. This analysis was performed on a desktop computer after the data were collected from the inertial sensor. This thesis therefore addresses two issues, the data collection and the data analysis used to extract information of interest to athletes and coaches.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Jehn, Melissa Luise [Verfasser]. "Assessment of functional status in patients with cardiorespiratory disease using tele-accelerometry / Melissa Luise Jehn." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136608737/34.

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Powell, Sarah Maley. "The relationship of bone density and physical activity, assessed by pedometry and accelerometry, in children." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-of-bone-density-and-physical-activity-assessed-by-pedometry-and-accelerometry-in-children(8b5582e8-e4d5-4fe6-8b67-d0814117e68c).html.

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This thesis includes one qualitative literature review and five empirical studies examining aspects of a) the relationship between bone mass and physical activity in children aged 8-11 years using pedometry and accelerometry, and b) the variability and reliability of the RT3 accelerometer as a means of assessing physical activity patterns in children. Previous research has shown a positive relationship between physical activity and bone mineral density in children. However, study design appears to be confounded by the accuracy of measures of physical activity limiting conclusions that can be drawn. Prior to our investigation research investigating the relationship between bone mass and habitual physical activity measured by objective means in children is scarce, and no study had evaluated the technical performance of the R T3 accelerometer; a small lightweight triaxial accelerometer. To examine the relationship between bone mass, physical activity and calcium intake methodology included; the objective assessment of habitual physical activity initially by pedometry and finally by accelerometry; dietary analysis of calcium intake; and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone area, mineral content and density of the whole body and proximal femur. To examine the variability and reliability of the RT3 accelerometer methodology included; the assessment of intraand inter-monitor variability by vibration assessment at increasing Hz levels; intermonitor reliability and variability by inducing a variety of human motions in a laboratory based environment; and epoch selection was assessed comparing the 60 to one second time sampling modes using children in a field setting. The main findings were: a) steps per day, assessed by pedometry, explained a significant proportion of the variance in bone mass at the hip in children; b) the RT3 triaxial accelerometer was reliable across trials, although the anterioposterior vector recorded counts consistently higher than the mediolateral and vertical vectors; c) interunit variability of the RT3 was evident, particularly as activity intensity increased; d) use of the 60 second epoch setting may lead to inaccuracies when assessing activity of a vigorous intensity and above; and e) vigorous physical activity, assessed by the RT3 accelerometer, and calcium intake have an interactive effect on bone mass in children, whereby bone mineral content is only high when both vigorous activity and calcium intake are high. In conclusion, this thesis has highlighted quality control procedures that need to be in place when using the RT3 accelerometer and presented evidence for a synergistic action of vigorous physical activity and calcium intake on bone mass in children.

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Phillips, Lisa Rachel Stephanie. "The relationship between psychological well-being and physical activity : the impact of measurement." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12106.

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Psychological well-being occurs when there is an absence of mental disorders and presence of positive states. Given the increasing prevalence of mental disorders, which are thought to have their roots in childhood, improving psychological well-being in children is currently an important area of research. Physical activity has been proposed as a method by which negative states can be reduced and positive states increased, thereby increasing children’s overall psychological well-being and in turn helping to protect against a decline into clinical disorders. Research focusing on physical activity and psychological well-being has mainly used self- reported measurements to assess physical activity, a method which leads to considerable non-differential misclassification that in turn will attenuate associations between physical activity and psychological wellbeing. Few studies have employed more precise, objective measures such as accelerometry. Despite providing a more precise measure of physical activity, a number of limitations are present with the use of accelerometry, specifically concerning the data reduction processes. Various decisions made when handling accelerometer data can result in misclassification of time spent in different intensities of physical activity and can introduce selection bias. The present thesis aims to address how the decisions made during data reduction can affect estimates of physical activity prevalence and alter the observed relationships between physical activity and psychological well-being in children. The first study of this thesis assessed the misclassification of activity intensities occurring as a result of the use of various accelerometer cut-points and the resulting variation in relationships between physical activity and psychological well-being that occurs. Results showed that the use of different cut-points to determine physical activity intensity alters the magnitude of the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being; relationships were attenuated, with some becoming non-significant. The second study addressed the issue of children’s compliance with wear time requirements over multiple time points; compliance with wear time decreased over time, whilst inclusion and exclusion rules based on minimum wear times introduced selection bias. The use of more lenient wear time criteria, to reduce selection bias, introduced misclassification of physical activity intensities. Further, longitudinal relationships between physical activity and psychological well-being differed depending upon the wear time criteria employed. The third study aimed to address whether compliance, and in turn selection bias would systematically differ between groups of a trial of a physical activity intervention, and whether this would alter the results of the intervention itself. Results showed that compliance varied across trial condition, that selection bias with groups was different for each condition and that non-compliance hindered the exploration of the mediating effect of physical activity on psychological well-being. Study four involved the validation and calibration of a new wrist worn, waterproof physical activity monitor more compatible with 24 hour wear, thus potentially overcoming the compliance problems noted in the earlier studies. Results showed good concurrent and criterion validity, with high classification accuracy for the cut-points created. The final study assessed the acceptability and compliance with 24 hour wear in children and allowed a detailed examination of the underestimation of time spent in PA intensities that occurs from capturing shorter and different periods of the day. Results showed large misclassification with 10 hour capture periods relative to complete observation, with time in activity intensities varying across different periods of the day. The results of this thesis demonstrate that substantial selection bias and misclassification of time in activity intensities can be introduced through the decisions made during the processing of raw accelerometry data. Furthermore, this error alters the relationships between physical activity and psychological well-being. The results indicate that the true relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being in children may still be unknown, with researchers reporting relationships and effects only relevant to the measurement methods and data reduction processes they have employed. A method of overcoming selection bias and reducing misclassification is through 24 hour wear, which through the design of new accelerometers is now possible. Future studies should use monitors compatible with and acceptable for complete observation. This would result in more precise estimates of time spent in physical activity intensities and less selection bias. Both of these improvements would greatly increase our understanding of the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being in children.

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Tyson, Elizabeth Jane. "Combining the use of accelerometry and GPS to measure free-flight performance in homing pigeons (Columbia livia)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/combining-the-use-of-accelerometry-and-gps-to-measure-freeflight-performance-in-homing-pigeons-columbia-livia(328c557e-513b-485f-89bd-903954ba637b).html.

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Cooperstein, Elaine Constance. "Physical activity levels of urban and rural young children in the Iowa Bone Development Study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/349.

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A better understanding of the association of the environment to young children's physical activity is needed to design effective behavioral interventions and to improve communities' infrastructures in ways that support the development of healthy behaviors. This thesis used data from the Iowa Bone Development Study (IBDS) to examine activity behaviors of young children in urban and rural Iowa. Mean daily minutes of moderate through vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA), as recorded by accelerometry-based physical activity monitoring in the IBDS, were compared by level of socioeconomic status (SES) and census block type (urban or rural). Media use (television and videogames), in hours per day by parental report, was similarly compared. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of census block type (urban or rural) with lower categories of MVPA and VPA, and with a high category of media use (exceeding the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation for ≤ 2 hours/day of media). Mean age of the 400 participants included in this thesis was 5.65 years (SD = 0.53), females comprised 53.5%. Children's mean daily minutes of MVPA and VPA were not significantly different among SES levels nor between urban and rural census blocks. Rural children had decreased odds for lower categories of MVPA (Boys' OR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.60) (Girls' OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.50) and VPA (Boys' OR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.48) (Girls' OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.52), but not significantly so. Lower SES boys and girls engaged in more daily media use (hours/day) than higher SES children, and a higher proportion of low SES children exceeded the AAP recommendation than did middle-level or high SES children. Rural boys' media use (2.7 hours/day) was higher than that of urban boys (2.3 hours/day) (95% CI: 0.06, 0.80 hours/day), whereas urban and rural girls' media hours/day were not significantly different. Odds for excess media use were higher for rural boys (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.11) and for low SES boys (OR 2.99; 95% CI: 1.34 6.68), as well as for low SES girls (OR 4.12; 95% CI: 1.95, 8.71). Although rural and urban children's MVPA and VPA did not differ in this thesis, rural and low SES boys had both higher daily media hours and increased odds for exceeding AAP media recommendations. Odds for excess media also were increased for low SES girls. Interventions to improve healthy behaviors of young children by limiting screen-based recreation and/or supplying means for alternate activity and play opportunities may be especially beneficial when focused on lower SES and rural areas.

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Orme, Mark W. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25248.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are generally more sedentary and less physically active than healthy adults; putting them at increased risk of hospitalisation and death. For patients with mild-moderate COPD, physical activity appears to be reduced compared with apparently healthy adults but differences in time spent sedentary are less well established. Additionally, there is a need for a greater understanding of the correlates of behaviour in mild-moderate patients with much of the existing literature focusing on more severe or mixed stage patient samples and with many studies lacking objective behavioural monitoring, not adjusting for confounders and a paucity of data on correlates of sedentary time. Despite having mild-moderate airflow obstruction, these patients also report a range of symptom burdens with some individuals reporting severe symptoms. Subsequently, these patients represent a sub-set of individuals who may require lifestyle interventions. Therefore, factors associated with patients reporting more severe symptoms need to be identified to help understand how this phenomenon may manifest and be intervened upon. For patients with more advanced COPD who are admitted to hospital for an acute exacerbation behavioural intervention focussing on less intense movement may be a more suitable approach for reducing the risk of readmissions than more intense physical activity or exercise. To date no studies have specifically targeted reductions in sedentary behaviour in COPD. In addition, wearable self-monitoring technology may facilitate the provision of such interventions, removing important participation barriers such as travel and cost, but this has not been sufficiently examined in COPD. This thesis investigated: (i) objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time and the correlates of these behaviours for mild-moderate COPD patients and apparently healthy adults (Study One); (ii) factors associated with self-reported symptom severity and exacerbation history in mild-moderate COPD patients (Study Two) and (iii) the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based sedentary behaviour intervention using wearable self-monitoring technology for COPD patients following an acute exacerbation (Study Three). Methods: Study One: COPD patients were recruited from general practitioners and apparently healthy adults from community advertisements. Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light activity and sedentary time for 109 mild-moderate COPD patients and 135 apparently healthy adults were obtained by wrist-worn accelerometry. Patients with at least four valid days (≥10 waking hours) out of a possible seven were included in analysis. A range of demographic, social, symptom-based, general health and physical factors were examined in relation to physical activity and sedentary time using correlations and linear regressions controlling for confounders (age, gender, smoking status, employment status and accelerometer waking wear time). Study Two: In 107 patients recruited from general practitioners, symptoms were assessed using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaires. Twelve-month exacerbation history was self-reported. Exercise capacity was assessed via incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and self-reported usual walking speed. Physical activity and sedentary time were obtained from a wrist-worn accelerometer. Study Three: Patients were randomised in-hospital into a usual care (Control), Education or Education + Feedback group with the intervention lasting 14 days following discharge. The intervention groups received information about reducing prolonged sitting. The Education + Feedback group also received real-time feedback on their sitting time, number of stand-ups and step count at home through an inclinometer linked to a smart device app. The inclinometer also provided vibration prompts to encourage movement when the wearer had been sedentary for too long. Feasibility of recruitment (e.g. uptake and retention) and intervention delivery (e.g. fidelity) were assessed. Acceptability of the intervention technology (e.g. wear compliance, app usage and response to vibration prompts) was also examined. Results: Study One: COPD patients were more sedentary (592±90 versus 514±93 minutes per day, p < 0.05) and accrued less MVPA (12±18 versus 33±32 minutes per day, p < 0.05) than apparently healthy adults. For COPD patients, self-reported dyspnea and percentage body fat were independent correlates of sedentary time and light activity with exercise capacity (incremental shuttle walk test) an independent correlate of MVPA. For apparently healthy adults, percentage body fat and exercise capacity were independent correlates of sedentary time and light activity. Percentage body fat was an independent correlate of MVPA. Study Two: ISWT (B=-0.016±0.005, partial R2=0.117, p=0.004) and years living with COPD (B=0.319±0.122, R2=0.071, p=0.011) were independently associated with CAT score. ISWT (B=-0.002±0.001, R2=0.123, p < 0.001) and vector magnitude counts per minute (VMCPM) (B=0.0001±0.0000, R2=0.050, p=0.011) were independently associated with mMRC grade. MVPA was independently associated with previous exacerbations (B=-0.034±0.012, R2=0.081, p=0.005). Patients reporting a CAT score of > 20 or an mMRC score of ≥2 had lower VMCPM, were more sedentary and took part in less light activity than patients reporting a CAT score of 0-10 or mMRC of 0, respectively. Patients reporting ≥2 exacerbations took part in less MVPA than patients reporting zero exacerbations. Study Three: Study uptake was 31.5% providing a final sample of 33 COPD patients. Retention of patients at two-week follow-up was 51.5% (n=17). Reasons for drop-out were mostly related to being unable to cope with their COPD. Patients wore the inclinometer for 11.8±2.3 days (and charged it 8.4±3.9 times) with at least one vibration prompt occurring on 9.0±3.4 days over the 14 day study period. Overall, 325 vibration prompts occurred with patients responding 106 times (32.6%). 40.6% of responses occurred within 5 minutes of the prompt with patients spending 1.4±0.8 minutes standing and 0.4±0.3 minutes walking, taking 21.2±11.0 steps. Discussion: Study One: COPD patients were less active and more sedentary than apparently healthy adults; however, factors predicting behaviour were similar between groups. Correlates differed between sedentary time, light activity and MVPA for both groups. Interventions to boost physical activity levels and reduce sedentary time should be offered to patients with mild-moderate COPD, particularly those reporting more severe breathlessness. Study Two: Worse exercise capacity, low levels of physical activity and more time spent sedentary are some of the factors associated with patients of the same severity of airflow limitation reporting differing symptom severities. These patients may benefit from both lifestyle and exercise interventions. Study Three: Recruitment and retention rates suggest a trial targeting sedentary behaviour in hospitalised COPD patients is feasible. A revised intervention, building on the successful components of the present feasibility study is justified. Conclusion: The findings from this thesis have contributed a greater understanding of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in COPD and can inform the development of tailored physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions for patients across the grades of COPD severity.

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Zhao, Dongning. "A low-noise CMOS interface for capacitive microaccelerometers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31715.

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The high-performance accelerometers with micro-gravity resolution and large dynamic range at very low frequencies are not only used in GPS-augmented inertial navigation, monitoring of aircrafts and space station, but also used in monitoring wind turbines for green energy. This dissertation presents the design and development of a mixed-signal, low-noise, and fourth-order sigma-delta interface circuit for the MEMS capacitive micro-gravity accelerometer. A fully-differential switched-capacitor (SC) amplifier architecture is developed with the low-frequency noise reduction through the integration of chopper-stabilization technique with lateral BJT at input stage. The effectiveness of different noise reduction techniques is also compared and verified. The application of fourth-order SC sigma-delta modulation concept to the inertial-grade accelerometer is to achieve the benefits of the digitization of the accelerometer output without compromising the resolution of the analog front-end. This open-loop interface provides 1-bit digital output stream and has the versatility of interfacing sensors with different sensitivities while maintaining minimum power dissipation and maximum dynamic range. The micromechanical accelerometers are fabricated in thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The accelerometer operates in air and is designed for non-peaking response with a bandwidth of 500 Hz.

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Loss, Daiene Elisa. "Uso do acelerômetro como método de mensuração de níveis de atividade física em equinos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181349.

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A monitoração objetiva da atividade física traz grandes benefícios para a medicina veterinária, tanto em animais de estimação quanto de produção, por ser considerada um indicador de saúde e bem-estar animal. Conhecer o padrão natural de movimentação dos animais traz a possibilidade de correlacionar processos como dor ou estresse com uma eventual mudança de comportamento. Atualmente, os acelerômetros estão sendo amplamente utilizados para monitorar a atividade física de maneira objetiva, pois são dispositivos eletrônicos pequenos que permitem quantificar a frequência, duração e intensidade da atividade física através da mensuração da aceleração do movimento corporal. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar se o acelerômetro é capaz de quantificar a atividade física de equinos e identificar os diferentes níveis de atividade e andaduras. Foram utilizados 12 cavalos adultos, de diferentes raças utilizadas em provas de salto, equipados com seis acelerômetros fixados, um na cabeça, um na cernelha e um em cada membro torácico e um em cada membro pélvico. Os animais permanecerem em repouso durante 2 minutos e foram conduzidos, montados por um cavaleiro experiente, a passo, trote e galope durante 4 minutos no sentido horário e 4 minutos no sentido anti-horário. Os dados foram registrados em diferentes intervalos de amostragem ou epochs (15, 10, 5, 3 e 1 segundo) e convertidos em counts por minuto para que pudessem ser comparados. O acelerômetro foi capaz de medir a atividade física e de identificar quando o animal estava em repouso, ao passo, ao trote e ao galope em todos os locais analisados. Porém, os dados registrados na cernelha e nos membros pélvicos foram mais precisos para classificar as andaduras. O acelerômetro localizado na cabeça registrou os maiores valores quando o animal estava em repouso, o que reflete uma maior movimentação desta região mesmo quando não há deslocamento do animal. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dados registrados nos diferentes epochs. Concluise que o acelerômetro foi capaz de mensurar a atividade física na espécie equina e identificar o nível de atividade e andaduras, sendo que o posicionamento na cernelha e membro pélvico foram considerados mais adequados devido a maior precisão dos dados registrados. Além disso, os resultados obtidos não foram influenciados pelos diferentes intervalos de amostragem, portanto sugere-se que a utilização de epochs de 15 segundos é considerado adequado para o monitoramento da atividade física em equinos.
Objective monitoring of physical activity brings great benefits to veterinary medicine in pet and livestock animals, as it is considered an indicator of animal health and welfare. Knowing the natural pattern of animal movement provides relevant information, that later can be used to evaluate the possibility of pain or stress if there is a change in behavior. Nowadays, accelerometers are widely used to monitor physical activity in an objective way, since they are small electronic devices that allow quantifying the frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity by measuring the acceleration of body movement. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accelerometer capability to quantify the physical activity of horses and identify the different levels of activity and gaits. Twelve adult jumping horses of different breeds wore six accelerometers, one fixed on the head, one fixed on the withers and one fixed at each forelimb and each hindlimb. The animals would stand for 2 minutes, and then exercised by an experienced rider in three different gaits (walk, trot and gallop) for 4 minutes in a clockwise direction and 4 minutes in an anticlockwise direction. The data were recorded at different epochs (15, 10, 5, 3 and 1 second) and converted into counts per minute to be analyzed. Regardless of the location, the accelerometer was able to measure physical activity and to identify when the animal was at rest, walking, trotting and galloping. However, data recorded on the withers and hindlimbs were more accurate to classify gait. The accelerometer located on the head recorded the highest values when the animal was at rest, which reflects a greater movement of this region even when there is no displacement of the animal. There was no statistically significant difference between the data recorded in the different epochs. Therefore, we conclude that the accelerometer is able to measure physical activity in the horses, and to identify the level of activity and gaits, and the positioning at the withers and hindlimbs were considered more adequate due to the greater accuracy of the recorded data. In addition, the results obtained were not influenced by the different epochs used, so it we suggest that the use of 15-second epochs is considered adequate for the monitoring of physical activity in horses.

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Williamson, Megan L. "THE DIFFERENCE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND ATTENTION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN BEFORE AND AFTER FREE PLAY RECESS AND STRUCTURED PLAY RECESS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365712511.

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Wolff, Whitney L. "The Effect of Hippotherapy on Seated Trunk Stability." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1523010663947755.

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Ramachandran, Vivek. "Quantifying the effectiveness of different carpet surfaces in reducing the tibial shock experienced while walking at different paces in dress shoes and flat shoes." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555434250121309.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accelerometry'

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