Relevant bibliographies by topics / Accelerometer

Academic literature on the topic 'Accelerometer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Roth, Marilyn A., and Jennifer S. Mindell. "Who Provides Accelerometry Data? Correlates of Adherence to Wearing an Accelerometry Motion Sensor: The 2008 Health Survey for England." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.1.70.

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Background:Use of objective physical activity measures is rising. We investigated the representativeness of survey participants who wore an accelerometer.Methods:4273 adults aged 16+ from a cross-sectional survey of a random, nationally representative general population sample in England in 2008 were categorized as 1) provided sufficient accelerometry data [4−7 valid days (10+ hrs/d), n = 1724], 2) less than that (n = 237), or 3) declined (n = 302). Multinomial logistic regression identified demographic, socioeconomic, health, lifestyle, and biological correlates of participants in these latter 2 groups, compared with those who provided sufficient accelerometry data (4+ valid days).Results:Those in the random subsample offered the accelerometer were older and more likely to be retired and to report having a longstanding limiting illness than the rest of the adult Health Survey for England participants. Compared with those providing sufficient accelerometery data, those wearing the accelerometer less were younger, less likely to be in paid employment, and more likely to be a current smoker. Those who declined to wear an accelerometer did not differ significantly from those who wore it for sufficient time.Conclusions:We found response bias in wearing the accelerometers for sufficient time, but refusers did not differ from those providing sufficient data. Differences should be acknowledged by data users.
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Kelly, Stephen J., Aron J. Murphy, Mark L. Watsford, Damien Austin, and Michael Rennie. "Reliability and Validity of Sports Accelerometers During Static and Dynamic Testing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0408.

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Purpose:To investigate the validity and reliability of accelerometry of the SPI-ProX II dual data logger (GPSports, Canberra, Australia).Methods:Controlled laboratory assessments determined the accuracy and reproducibility of raw accelerometer data. Intra- and interdevice reliability assessed the ability of the SPI-ProX II accelerometers to repeatedly measure peak gravitational accelerations (g) during impact-based testing. Static and dynamic validity testing assessed the accuracy of SPI-ProX II accelerometers against a criterion-referenced accelerometer. Dynamic validity was assessed over a range of frequencies from 5 to 15 Hz.Results:Intradevice reliability found no differences (P < .05) between 4 SPI-ProX II accelerometers, with a low coefficient of variation (1.87–2.21%). SPI-ProX II accelerometers demonstrated small to medium effect-size (ES) differences (0.10–0.44) between groups and excellent interdevice reliability, with no difference found between units (F = 0.826, P = .484). Validity testing revealed significant differences between devices (P = .001), with high percentage differences (27.5–30.5%) and a large ES (>3.44).Conclusions:SPI-ProX II accelerometers demonstrated excellent intra- and interaccelerometer reliability. However, static and dynamic validity were poor, and caution is recommended when measuring the absolute magnitude of acceleration, particularly for high-frequency movements. Regular assessment of individual devices is advised, particularly for mechanical damage and signal-drift errors. It is recommended that guidelines be provided by the manufacturer on measuring shifts in the base accelerometer signal, including time frames for assessing accelerometer axis, magnitude of errors, and calibration of accelerometers from a stable reference point.
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Xie, Yilin, Song Zhang, Xiaolin Meng, Dinh Tung Nguyen, George Ye, and Haiyang Li. "An Innovative Sensor Integrated with GNSS and Accelerometer for Bridge Health Monitoring." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040607.

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This paper presents an innovative integrated sensor that combines GNSS and a low-cost accelerometer for bridge health monitoring. GNSS and accelerometers are both significant and effective sensors for structural monitoring, but they each have limitations. The sampling rate of GNSS data is relatively low, making it challenging to capture high-frequency vibrations, while accelerometers struggle with low-frequency signals and are susceptible to environmental changes. Additionally, GNSS receivers and accelerometers are often installed separately, leading to challenges in data fusion processing due to differing temporal and geospatial references. The proposed integrated sensor addresses these issues by synchronizing GNSS and an accelerometer’s time and geospatial coordinate reference. This allows for a more accurate and reliable deformation and vibration measurement for bridge monitoring. The performance of the new sensor was assessed using a high-quality/cost Leica GM30 GNSS receiver and a Sherborne A545 accelerometer. Experiments conducted on the Wilford suspension bridge demonstrate the effectiveness of this innovative integrated sensor in measuring deformation and vibration for bridge health monitoring. The limitation of the low-cost MEMS (Micro Electromechanical System) accelerometer for the weak motion frequency detection is also pointed out.
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Qin, Xuan, and Ludan Tang. "An Environmental Monitoring Method of Ancient Buildings Based on the Micro Electro Mechanical System Accelerometers." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2024.3521.

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In order to evaluate and compare the performance of MEMS accelerometers for the environmental monitoring of ancient buildings, four MEMS accelerometers of different types and a G1B-type force-balanced accelerometer are selected and installed on the same location in an ancient building for field testing. The ambient environmental monitoring of the building recorded by the MEMS accelerometers is compared with the G1B accelerometer in terms of time history, Fourier spectrum, and modal frequency identification. In addition, the earthquake-induced structural responses of the ancient building recorded by MEMS-I type accelerometer is compared with those recorded by the G1B accelerometer in both time and frequency domain. The test results show that the noise levels of the four MEMS accelerometers are all higher than that of the G1B accelerometer. Among them, the MEMS-I type accelerometer has a relatively lower level of sensor noise and achieves a good match with the G1B accelerometer in terms of modal frequency identification and earthquake-induced structural environmental measurement, which proves that the MEMS-I type accelerometer can record the strong structural vibration with acceptable accuracy and is feasible for daily environmental monitoring of the ancient buildings.
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Clark, Cain C. T., Claire M. Barnes, Mark Holton, Huw D. Summers, and Gareth Stratton. "SlamTracker Accuracy under Static and Controlled Movement Conditions." Sport Science Review 25, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2016): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0020.

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Abstract Accelerometry is the de facto standard in objective physical activity monitoring. However traditional accelerometer units undergo proprietary pre-processing, resulting in the ‘black-box’ phenomenon, where researchers are unaware of the processes and filters used on their data. Raw accelerometers where all frequencies related to human movement are included in the signal, would facilitate novel analyses, such as frequency domain analysis and pattern recognition. The aim of this study was to quantify the mean, standard deviation and variance of the SlamTracker raw accelerometer at a range of speeds. Four tri-axial accelerometers underwent a one minute static condition test nine movement condition tests. Accelerometers were assessed for mean, standard deviation, sample variance and coefficient of variation throughout in all axes for all experimental conditions. The sample variance was <0.001g across all speeds and axes during the movement condition tests. In conclusion, the SlamTracker is shown to be an accurate and reliable device for measuring the raw accelerations of movement.
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Walter, Patrick L. "Review: Fifty Years Plus of Accelerometer History for Shock and Vibration (1940–1996)." Shock and Vibration 6, no. 4 (1999): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/281718.

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This article summarizes the history of accelerometer development and the subsequent evolution of the commercial accelerometer industry. The focus is primarily on piezoelectric and piezoresistive accelerometers, although early resistance-bridge-type accelerometers are also described. The pioneer accelerometer manufacturing companies are identified and a chronology of technology development through today is presented.
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Sui, Li, Jing Hua Zhang, Jian Feng Liu, and Geng Chen Shi. "Design, Analysis and Test for Micro-Mechanical Piezoresistive Accelerometer." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.46.

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First of all, this paper analyzes the piezoresistive accelerometers’ research achievements at home and abroad. Then, design, manufacturing and testing method of the accelerometer array is presented. According to the detection requirements of fuze’s environmental forces, this paper provides an array accelerometers structure. In this way, each independent chip has 2*2 accelerometers, and every two accelerometers have the same structure sizes. So, the accelerometer array has two different measurement ranges. In order to reduce the influence of cross sensitivity, the accelerometer uses criss-cross beams. Every single accelerometer comprises sensing unit, signal processing circuit and self-test unit. According to the characteristics of processing plant, an entire series of independent processes for micro-mechanical piezoresistive fabrication is designed, and also given the layouts. The accelerometer is fabricated and its sensitivity and self-test performances are tested in this paper, finally this paper gives the reasons which cause test errors.
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Bolton, Samantha, Nick Cave, Naomi Cogger, and G. R. Colborne. "Use of a Collar-Mounted Triaxial Accelerometer to Predict Speed and Gait in Dogs." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051262.

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Accelerometry has been used to measure treatment efficacy in dogs with osteoarthritis, although interpretation is difficult. Simplification of the output into speed or gait categories could simplify interpretation. We aimed to determine whether collar-mounted accelerometry could estimate the speed and categorise dogs’ gait on a treadmill. Eight Huntaway dogs were fitted with a triaxial accelerometer and then recorded using high-speed video on a treadmill at a slow and fast walk, trot, and canter. The accelerometer data (delta-G) was aligned with the video data and records of the treadmill speed and gait. Mixed linear and logistic regression models that included delta-G and a term accounting for the dogs’ skeletal sizes were used to predict speed and gait, respectively, from the accelerometer signal. Gait could be categorised (pseudo-R2 = 0.87) into binary categories of walking and faster (trot or canter), but not into the separate faster gaits. The estimation of speed above 3 m/s was inaccurate, though it is not clear whether that inaccuracy was due to the sampling frequency of the particular device, or whether that is an inherent limitation of collar-mounted accelerometers in dogs. Thus, collar-mounted accelerometry can reliably categorise dogs’ gaits into two categories, but finer gait descriptions or speed estimates require individual dog modelling and validation. Nonetheless, this accelerometry method could improve the use of accelerometry to detect treatment effects in osteoarthritis by allowing the selection of periods of activity that are most affected by treatment.
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Lazar, Drew, Munni Begum, Md Monzur Murshed, Benjamin Nelson, Joshua M. Bock, Mary Imboden, Leonard Kaminsky, and Alexander Montoye. "Statistical Learning Methods to Predict Activity Intensity from Body-Worn Accelerometers." Journal of Biomedical Analytics 3, no. 1 (August 21, 2020): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30577/jba.v3i1.57.

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Physical activity, especially when performed at moderate or vigorous intensity, has short- and long-term health benefits, but measurement of free-living physical activity is challenging. Accelerometers are popular tools to assess physical activity, although accuracy of conventional accelerometer analysis methods is suboptimal. This study developed and tested statistical learning models for assessing activity intensity from body-worn accelerometers. Twenty-eight adults performed 10-21 activities of daily living in two visits while wearing four accelerometers (right hip, right ankle, both wrists). Accelerometer placement is of crucial practical concern and this paper addresses this issue. Boosting, bagging, random forest and decision tree models were created for each accelerometer and for two-, three-, and four-accelerometer combinations to predict activity intensity. Research staff observations of activity intensity served as the criterion. Point estimates of error for the ankle accelerometer were 2.2-4.7 percentage points lower than other single-accelerometer placements, and the left wrist-ankle combination had errors 0.8-5.8 percentage points lower than other two-accelerometer combinations. Decision trees had poorer accuracy than the other models. Using an accelerometer worn on the lower limb, by itself or in combination with an upper-limb accelerometer, appears to offer optimal accuracy for activity intensity measurement.
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Dorofeev, N. V., Oleg R. Kuzichkin, and A. V. Tsaplev. "Accelerometric Method of Measuring the Angle of Rotation of the Kinematic Mechanisms of Nodes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.592.

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This article discusses the use of accelerometers to measure the angle of rotation of the kinematic pairs. The main problems of accelerometer methods and justified phasemetric method of forming the differential signal transducer. The application phase metric method accelerometeric measuring the angle of rotation of the kinematic pair eliminates the multiplicative error at the preliminary stage of the measurement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Zhao, Dongning. "A low-noise CMOS interface for capacitive microaccelerometers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31715.

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The high-performance accelerometers with micro-gravity resolution and large dynamic range at very low frequencies are not only used in GPS-augmented inertial navigation, monitoring of aircrafts and space station, but also used in monitoring wind turbines for green energy. This dissertation presents the design and development of a mixed-signal, low-noise, and fourth-order sigma-delta interface circuit for the MEMS capacitive micro-gravity accelerometer. A fully-differential switched-capacitor (SC) amplifier architecture is developed with the low-frequency noise reduction through the integration of chopper-stabilization technique with lateral BJT at input stage. The effectiveness of different noise reduction techniques is also compared and verified. The application of fourth-order SC sigma-delta modulation concept to the inertial-grade accelerometer is to achieve the benefits of the digitization of the accelerometer output without compromising the resolution of the analog front-end. This open-loop interface provides 1-bit digital output stream and has the versatility of interfacing sensors with different sensitivities while maintaining minimum power dissipation and maximum dynamic range. The micromechanical accelerometers are fabricated in thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The accelerometer operates in air and is designed for non-peaking response with a bandwidth of 500 Hz.
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Pember, Andrew. "A micromachined silicon accelerometer." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294739.

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MORIKAWA, SERGIO RICARDO KOKAY. "TRIAXIAL BRAGG GRATING ACCELEROMETER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5413@1.

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AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO
TRANSMISSÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA S.A
Desde o final da década de 80 a indústria de fibras óticas têm passado por avanços consideráveis. Através de técnicas controladas, as fibras ópticas podem gerar sinais associados a uma vasta gama de grandezas físicas funcionando como sensores denominados de Sensores a Fibra Óptica (SFO s). Diversas técnicas podem ser empregadas para tal, e entre as existentes a baseada em redes de Bragg é a que mais tem se destacado. O interesse por transdutores empregando esta técnica se justifica pelas vantagens proporcionadas pelo uso da luz, tais como sua capacidade de multiplexação, boa relação sinal/ruído, medições a longas distâncias, imunidade a campos eletromagnéticos, ausência de faísca, entre outras. Neste trabalho buscou-se desenvolver um transdutor e uma técnica de medição baseada em sensores a rede de Bragg para medição de vibrações mecânicas. Um acelerômetro óptico triaxial é projetado e construído. Diferentes modelos foram testados em busca das características de desempenho desejadas. Simulações numéricas empregando o método dos elementos finitos auxiliaram na decisão por melhores desenhos para o transdutor. Resultados de testes experimentais e calibrações empregando um sistema de aquisição de sinais desenvolvido são mostrados. Medições de longa duração para avaliação de estabilidade do sistema e efeitos de temperatura também são apresentados.
Since the end of the 1980s, the fiber optics industry has experienced considerable advances. Through a number of controlled techniques, fiber optics can generate signals associated with a vast array of physical measures, working as sensors denominated Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS s). Many different techniques can be employed to achieve this objective. Among these, the one based on Bragg networks has received the greatest amount of attention. The interest in transducers employing this technique is justified by the advantages of using light, such as its multiplexing capability, good signal-to-noise ratio, possibility of long distance measurements, immunity to electromagnetic fields, and absence of sparks. In the present work, a transducer and measurement technique based on Bragg network sensors vibration are developed, in order to measure mechanical vibrations. A triaxial optical accelerometer is designed and built. Different models are tested in the search for the desired performance characteristics. Numerical simulations employing the finite element method help the decision making process for better transducer designs. Results from experimental and calibration tests using a newly developed signal acquisition system are presented. Long duration measurements to evaluate system stability and temperature effects are also shown.
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Olcott, Joanne E. "Fiber-optic flexural disk accelerometer." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26545.

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Lubratt, Mark Paul. "A voltage-tunable microfabricated accelerometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37497.

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Gibbons, Kevin A. (Kevin Augustine). "A micromechanical silicon oscillating accelerometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43330.

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Loh, Nin C. (Nin Chin) 1977. "High-resolution micromachined interferometric accelerometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89324.

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Kampen, Robertus Petrus van. "Bulk-micromachined capacitive servo-accelerometer." [Delft] : Delft University Press, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=LHJTAAAAMAAJ.

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Baker, James. "Dead reckoning using an accelerometer." Thesis, Baker, James (2014) Dead reckoning using an accelerometer. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25673/.

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The project aim was to develop a technology that would provide a way of navigating when GPS signals could not be used. This includes tunnels, inside buildings and in the city. The proposed solution was to use a dead reckoning (an out dated method of navigating) to navigate using an accelerometer to detecting movement. The accelerometer acceleration samples would be double integrated to work out distance travelled in each direction. That is up and down, left and right, forward and backwards. A microcontroller would be used to control the device as well as an LCD screen and memory (EEPROM). The controller would be able to store the data to memory allowing it to imported into Excel after an experiment where the data can be manipulated. In the end a prototype was build but failed to produce accurate calculations. The accelerometer values were hard to calibrate and therefore small errors would encroach on the data. This caused huge problems when integrating and seemed to magnify the error. The prototype would then insist that it has travel vast distances when in fact it has barely moved or not moved at all. At the end of this document there are future recommendations. First of foremost, the calibration needs to be more accurate if the prototype to work. The two keys ways this would happen is if more samples could be taken to calibrate the accelerometer and/or the calibration value could have more decimal places.
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Tidwell, Robert S. Jr. "An Accelerometer-based Gesture Recognition System for a Tactical Communications Application." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822779/.

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In modern society, computers are primarily interacted with via keyboards, touch screens, voice recognition, video analysis, and many others. For certain applications, these methods may be the most efficient interface. However, there are applications that we can conceive where a more natural interface could be convenient and connect humans and computers in a more intuitive and natural way. These applications are gesture recognition systems and range from the interpretation of sign language by a computer to virtual reality control. This Thesis proposes a gesture recognition system that primarily uses accelerometers to capture gestures from a tactical communications application. A segmentation algorithm is developed based on the accelerometer energy to segment these gestures from an input sequence. Using signal processing and machine learning techniques, the segments are reduced to mathematical features and classified with support vector machines. Experimental results show that the system achieves an overall gesture recognition accuracy of 98.9%. Additional methods, such as non-gesture recognition/suppression, are also proposed and tested.
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Books on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Dauderstädt, Ulrike Anna. A thermal accelerometer. Delft: Delft University Press, 1999.

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Olcott, Joanne E. Fiber-optic flexural disk accelerometer. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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B, Rogers Melissa J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Accelerometer data analysis and presentation techniques. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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John, Lekki, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. A self-diagnostic system for the M6 accelerometer. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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John, Lekki, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. A self-diagnostic system for the M6 accelerometer. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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B, Rogers Melissa J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. USML-1 microgravity glovebox experiment 1 passive accelerometer system. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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B, Rogers Melissa J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. USML-1 microgravity glovebox experiment 1 passive accelerometer system. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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B, Rogers Melissa J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. USML-1 microgravity glovebox experiment 1 passive accelerometer system. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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DeLombard, Richard. Proposed ground-based control of accelerometer on Space Station Freedom. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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DeLombard, Richard. Proposed ground-based control of accelerometer on Space Station Freedom. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Zeng, Zhengwen, and Lin Fa. "Accelerometer." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_10.

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Kuttner, Thomas, and Armin Rohnen. "Accelerometer." In Practice of Vibration Measurement, 111–48. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38463-0_8.

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Mathews, James. "Piezoceramic Accelerometer." In Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics, 1313–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_70.

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Baker, Julien S., Fergal Grace, Lon Kilgore, David J. Smith, Stephen R. Norris, Andrew W. Gardner, Robert Ringseis, et al. "Pedometer/Accelerometer." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 691. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2849.

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Mark, Dave, and Jeff Lamarche. "Whee! Accelerometer!" In Beginning iPhone 3 Development, 477–98. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-2460-0_15.

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Lawrence, Anthony. "The Pendulous Accelerometer." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 57–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1734-3_5.

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Dunn, William C. "Accelerometer Design Considerations." In Micro System Technologies 90, 131–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45678-7_19.

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Lawrence, Anthony. "The Pendulous Accelerometer." In Modern Inertial Technology, 57–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0444-9_5.

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Mark, David, Kim Topley, Jack Nutting, Frederik Olsson, and Jeff LaMarche. "Whee! Gyro and Accelerometer!" In Beginning iPhone Development with Swift 2, 711–35. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1754-2_20.

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Mark, David, Jack Nutting, Jeff LaMarche, and Fredrik Olsson. "Whee! Gyro and Accelerometer!" In Beginning iOS6 Development, 637–66. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4513-1_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Lee, Seung-Jae, and Dong-Woo Cho. "Fabrication of a Micro-Opto-Mechanical Accelerometer Based on Intensity Modulation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41239.

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Accelerometers are most frequently used to monitor machining states, and are therefore crucial for automated and unmanned plant operations. In such a harsh environment, micro-accelerometers based on optical methods can be effective. This paper presents a new type of micro-opto-mechanical accelerometer that was developed using a combination of new technologies, such as deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), micro-stereolithography, and intensity modulation. The advantages of intensity modulation include the simplicity of the detection principle and the lack of a requirement for a high-quality light source. This paper reports the design of two types of micro-accelerometer using the finite element method. Experiments showed that the fabricated micro-accelerometers had resonant frequencies of approximately 2 and 10 kHz, with suitable linear ranges and sensitivities. The developed micro-opto-mechanical accelerometers can thus be used for various practical purposes, including machining state monitoring in automated and unmanned plant operations.
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Lall, Pradeep, Amrit Abrol, Lee Simpson, and Jessica Glover. "Survivability of MEMS Accelerometer Under Sequential Thermal and High-G Mechanical Shock Environments." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48790.

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Reliability data on MEMS accelerometers operating in harsh environments is scarce. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used in a variety of military and automotive applications for sensing acceleration, translation, rotation, pressure and sound. This research work focuses on dual axis MEMS accelerometer reliability in harsh environments. Structurally an accelerometer behaves like a damped mass on a spring. Commercially there are three types of accelerometers namely piezoelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive depending on the components that go into the fabrication of the MEMS device. Previously, majority of concentration was focused on an effective internal design, performance enhancement of CMOS-MEMS accelerometers and packaging techniques Cheng [2002], Qiao [2009], Lou [2005], and Weigold [2001]. Studies have also been conducted to obtain an enhanced inertial mass SOI MEMS process using a high sensitivity accelerometer Jianbing [2013], Chen [2005]. There have been prior test(s) conducted on MEMS accelerometers, Jiang [2004], Cao [2011], Chun-Sun [2009], Lou [2009], Tanner [2000] and Yang [2010] but the availability of data on reliability degradation of such devices in harsh environments Brown [2003] is almost little to none which thereby generates the importance of this work and also makes way for a whole new path involving the reliability assessment techniques for MEMS devices. Concentration of our work is primarily on the reliability of this accelerometer upon sequential exposure to harsh environment(s) and drop-shock. Reliability of accelerometers in high G environments is unknown. The effects of these pre-conditions along with the drop test condition has been studied and analyzed. In this piece of research work, a test vehicle with a MEMS accelerometer, ADXL278 dual axis capacitive accelerometer, has been tested under high/low temperature exposure followed by subjection to high-g and low-g shock loading environments. The test boards have been subjected to mechanical shocks using the method 2002.5, condition G, under the standard MIL-STD-883H test. The stress environment and the test condition used for this paper are 1500g and 70g respectively where 70g is the full scale range output of ADXL278 in the drop direction with pulse duration set to 0.5millisecond. The deterioration of the accelerometer output has been characterized using the techniques of Mahalanobis distance and Confidence intervals. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the different failure modes inside of the accelerometer, which were potted and polished and later de-capped. Furthermore, the non-destructive evaluations of the MEMS accelerometer have been demonstrated through X-rays and micro-CT scans.
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Ko, Jong Soo, Young-Ho Cho, Byung Man Kwak, and Kwanhum Park. "Design and Fabrication of Piezoresistive Cantilever Microaccelerometer Arrays With a Symmetrically Bonded Proof-Mass." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1267.

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Abstract This paper presents the production-oriented design and microfabrication process of a piezoresistive cantilever-beam microaccelerometer with a symmetrically bonded proof-mass. The symmetrically bonded proof-mass structure is devised not only for improving the production yield, but also for reducing the transverse sensitivity of the accelerometer. The accelerometers are batch fabricated in arrays, from which individual devices are obtained by wafer sawing process. The microfabricated accelerometer shows a resonant frequency of 2.15kHz and a sensitivity of 34μV/g/V within a nonlinearity of 2% over ±30g range at 100Hz. The structure and fabrication processes of the present accelerometer provide practical and effective means for the mass production of accelerometers with high reproducibility.
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Jones, Joshua J., Timothy A. McNeal, Wesley A. Salandro, John T. Roth, Christopher A. Suprock, and Barry K. Fussell. "A Comparability Study of a Wireless Electret Accelerometer to a Traditional Piezoelectric Accelerometer." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72513.

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Traditional piezoelectric accelerometers used for machine condition monitoring are expensive and represent a capital risk when placed in the harsh environment of a cutting process. Additionally, these components require signal conditioning hardware and are sampled on a PC via an independent data acquisition interface (DAQ card). The goal of the research discussed herein is to test an industrial-friendly electret-based accelerometer that can perform tasks similar to a traditional piezoelectric accelerometer. The sensor will be adapted to utilize Bluetooth wireless data capabilities, further enhancing the sensors industrial practicality. The output of this electret-based sensor will be compared to the output of a traditional piezoelectric accelerometer and accompanying DAQ. More specifically, the study will focus on the effects of elevated temperature on the sensor. To achieve this, a comparison of both the electret and piezoelectric accelerometer response spectra will be observed over a range of 21°C to 77°C. To further validate the sensor, turning data is collected wirelessly from the sensor and compared to the output of the traditional piezoelectric sensor. Finally, the performance of the sensor for monitoring a tool’s condition during turning is evaluated and presented. The generated trend is contrasted to the comparable trend developed from the piezoelectric-based accelerometer.
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Lall, Pradeep, Nakul Kothari, and Jessica Glover. "Mechanical Shock Reliability Analysis and Multiphysics Modeling of MEMS Accelerometers in Harsh Environments." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48457.

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MEMS accelerometers have found applications in harsh environments with pressure, temperatures above ambient conditions, high g shock and vibrations. The complex structure of these MEMS devices has made it difficult to understand the failure modes and failure mechanisms of present day MEMS accelerometers. Little work has been done by the researchers in investigating the high g reliability of the MEMS accelerometers by continuous high g drops and quantifying the failure modes. There is little literature addressing the multiphysics finite element modelling of MEMS accelerometers subjected to high g shocks. In defense applications, where these devices are integrated with several other compactly assembled subsystems, lack of knowledge on the physics of failure for the MEMS sensor in harsh environment operation, can be detrimental to the success of the system on the whole. Being able to successfully model inside of an accelerometer, enables the user to better understand the change in parameters like time delay induced in response of successive drops, change in pulse width that indicate failure, reduction in sensed g levels. Some researchers have subjected various accelerometers to repeated drops at their maximum sensing g(not high g) level, and used optical microscopy to detect damaged sensing elements [Beliveau, 1999]. Few researchers have modeled the internal structure of the MEMS device, along with the device packaging under the stresses of operation [Fang 2004, Ghisi 2008, Xiong 2008]. In this paper, a multiphysics model of capacitive and the moving elements of the accelerometer has been developed to model the change in capacitance with respect to stroke and understand the correlation with g-levels, in addition to the transient dynamic response of the accelerometer under high-g shock. This has not been much explored in the past. The accelerometer studied in the paper is the ADXL193, and subjected to repeated drops of 3000g in each 3 axes as per 2002.4 of MIL-STD-883 without preconditioning. A characteristic graph of capacitance vs accelerometer stroke has been obtained from a series of electrostatic simulations and is then used to relate g levels, capacitance, stroke deflection and voltage change using electromechanical transducer elements. The drift in the performance characteristics of the accelerometer have been measured versus the number of shock events. In addition, an attempt has been made to investigate the failure mode in the accelerometer.
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Torasso, Alberto, Rabin Francis, and Jeroen Vandersteen. "AQUILA and 3AA: design and test results of high-accuracy accelerometer sensor and equipment." In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-120.

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InnaLabs Ltd, a privately held limited company incorporated in Ireland in 2011, is producing European ITAR-free Quartz Pendulous accelerometers since 2013, achieving top-end navigation performance with its AI-Q-2000 series of accelerometers. Thousands of those accelerometers have been since integrated into a wide range of land, marine, and aerospace platforms. These accelerometers have recently been successfully used in rocket launchers to support inertial navigation, demonstrating compatibility of the technology with space applications. AQUILA is a very high performance rad-hard accelerometer based on Innalabs quartz-pendulum accelerometer technology. It uses the same pendulum subassembly as the AI-Q-2000 family, but electronics have been developed to meet space PA/QA standards. A hybrid electronics component populated with thoroughly-selected high-reliability EEE parts has been designed for that purpose. Furthermore, performance is specified to meet the most demanding space navigation applications, in particular with the objective of supporting delta-v manoeuvres measurement. AQUILA was developed with the primary goal of qualifying an alternative to non-EU Navigation Grade Space accelerometers currently used on board ESA missions and other European Primes’ platforms (with similar fit, form and function). Performance specifications include, among others, very low noise, stringent bias and scale factor stability (i.e. 0.1µg short term stability, 2µg over 1 hour, 50µg over 1 month, and scale factor stability over 1 month of 100ppm) under full operating conditions (i.e. temperature, time, launch environment), including more than 15-years exposure to Space radiations (100krad goal). AQUILA is re-using the electro-mechanical cell used in the InnaLabs AI-Q-2000 series of COTS accelerometers which are proven insensitive to radiations and robust to stringent mechanical shock and vibration levels. 3 Axis Accelerometer (3AA) is a new equipment designed to provide acceleration and delta-v measurement on boards satellites and space systems. It includes 3 AQUILA accelerometers mounted in orthonormal orientation to provide measurement along 3 axes. 3AA is equipped with a standard 28V power interface and UART communication bus to easily interface with the main on board computer. The equipment allows for accelerometer compensation and calibration in flight (temperature, misalignment, etc.), providing the main on board computer with a high precision acceleration and delta-v measurement. This paper describes the specification and design of AQUILA Dry Pendulous Servo accelerometer and of the 3 Axis Accelerometer. The paper will also present testing results from AQUILA development models built so far, showing that the product meets the specified performance. Schedule of the development till completion of the qualification will be presented.
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LeMoyne, Robert, Timothy Mastroianni, Michael Cozza, and Cristian Coroian. "iPhone Wireless Accelerometer Application for Acquiring Quantified Gait Attributes." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32067.

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The implementation of a wireless accelerometer application for the quantification of gait may enable an autonomous strategy for the quantification of gait. A wireless accelerometer application may potentially enable the remote, autonomous, and quantified evaluation of gait beyond the confines of a clinical facility. The accuracy and reliability for the application of accelerometers for gait evaluation has been established through the selection of specific mounting positions based on the anatomy of the subject. Wireless accelerometer systems have been successfully demonstrated for establishing a quantified gait disparity for hemiparetic subjects. For example, the quantification of hemiparetic gait has been conducted using the lateral epicondyle of the femur as a mounting position [1].
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Shan, Xiaowei, Ting Zou, James Richard Forbes, and Jorge Angeles. "Design Specifications for Biaxial Navigation-Grade MEMS Accelerometers." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37280.

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The focus of this paper is the design of a biaxial MEMS accelerometer for navigation applications. First, a survey is conducted to outline the commercial landscape of navigation-grade and MEMS accelerometers. The survey shows a potential market for navigation-grade accelerometers at the MEMS scale. Based on the specifications for navigation applications, the design targets are derived for the proposed biaxial MEMS accelerometers, including the common concerns of natural frequency ratios and bandwidth, as well as the important parameters for MEMS devices, such as hinge width, proof-mass size and mobility range. In light of the design targets, the ideal frequency matrix of the biaxial accelerometer system is derived based on the concept of generalized spring, in connection with the design targets. The stiffness values required are estimated herein. For further structural optimization, the parametric entries of the frequency-ratio matrix act as the objectives to be maximized for the lowest off-axis sensitivity of the proposed accelerometer. A suitable architecture for MEMS biaxial accelerometers is proposed thereafter. This architecture not only provides high compliance and structural isotropy for the in-plane translation, but also allows for direct measurement of the proof-mass motion. The proposed architecture is then optimized for the highest frequency ratio between the non-sensitive and sensitive axes, with regard to the design parameters and constraints. The optimization results of the proposed accelerometer demonstrate navigation-grade mechanical performance.
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Wang, Keming, Dongzhe Yang, Kourosh Danai, and David G. Lewicki. "Model-Based Selection of Accelerometer Locations for Helicopter Gearbox Monitoring." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0231.

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Abstract A novel method is introduced to quantify based on the structure of the gearbox the monitoring effectiveness of accelerometer locations on the housing. In this method, monitoring effectiveness of sets of accelerometer locations is defined in terms of two indices: the coverage index and the overlap index. The coverage index is obtained from an influence matrix defining the level of effect of component faults on accelerometer readings. The overlap index denotes the level of overlap between pairs of accelerometers in coverage of components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally based on measurement-fault data obtained from an OH-58A main rotor gearbox. The estimated rankings of various sets of accelerometer locations based on the estimated values of their monitoring effectiveness agree closely with those obtained empirically.
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Sriraman, Akshitha, and Abhishek Dhanotia. "Accelerometer." In ASPLOS '20: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378450.

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Reports on the topic "Accelerometer"

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Warne, Larry Kevin, Carrie Frances Schmidt, Kenneth Allen Peterson, Stanley H. Kravitz, Rosemarie A. Renn, Frank J. Peter, Ragon D. Kinney, and Jeffrey C. Gilkey. Levitated micro-accelerometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919151.

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Koehler, D. R., S. H. Kravitz, and P. T. Vianco. Ultraminiature resonator accelerometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/231652.

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Porterfield, Malcolm Kenneth. Accelerometer Drift Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601376.

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Balls, J. D. Neurological Diagnostic Accelerometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/755833.

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Ammerman, D. J., M. M. Madsen, W. L. Uncapher, D. R. Stenberg, and D. R. Bronowski. Accelerometer and strain gage evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5213009.

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MATERIALS SYSTEMS INC LITTLETON MA. 1-3 Composite Accelerometer Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299622.

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Soh, Daniel, Jongmin Lee, and Peter Schwindt. Modeling of Atom Interferometer Accelerometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1670252.

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Alsaedi, Mohammed. Development of 3D Accelerometer Testing System. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5262.

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Candy, J. Accelerometer Modeling in the State-Space. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1777338.

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Swanson, Paul, and Andrew Wang. Time Domain Switched Accelerometer Design and Fabrication. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611322.

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