Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Académie française. – History'
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Salama, Benjamin. "Gabriel François Doyen (1726-1806), peintre du roi." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL007.
Full textAs one of main pioneer in the regeneration movement of history painting in the second half of the eighteenth century, Gabriel François Doyen (1726-1806) must undoubtedly be considered one of the most important artists of his generation. Student of Carle Vanloo and then at the École royale des élèves protégés, he is illustrated with a first great masterpiece presented at the Salon of 1759, La mort de Virginie, which made him consider by critics as one of the new hopes of the renewal of French painting. His glory culminates with a great religious command, Le Miracle des Ardents exposed to the Salon of 1767 and remained famous thanks to a long criticism that Diderot dedicated to him, in which he contrasted the powerful lyric style of the artist like Vien, announcer of neoclassical aesthetics. He was in charged with important royal commands in the 1770s, appreciated for his powerful poetic works inspired by the Iliad, Doyen eventually lost the public 's favor in the 1780s, at the very same moment when the generation of David is needed . Under the French Revolution, the artist will be in charged with important functions within the Comission des monuements and will work for the preservation of French heritage alongside Alexandre Lenoir, his former student. In 1792, he finally chose to go to Russia to complete his career ; he held the position of professor at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, but also the rank of painter of the Empress Catherine II and his son Paul I
Sapiro, Gisèle. "Complicités et anathèmes en temps de crise : modes de survie du champ littéraire et de ses institutions, 1940-1953 (Académie française, Académie Goncourt, Comité national des écrivains)." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0323.
Full textThe crisis that french "literary field" has passed through during german occupation (1940-1944) has induced a loss of its autonomy. This results not only from the controle that the occupying powers and the vichy regime exercised on its infra-structure, and from geographic dispersion of writers, but also from the imposing of politics : non political attit udes would have political effects. On the other side, the most political "responses" to this imposing cannot be understo od in terms of individuals' rationality, but as a result of preexisting structured power relations. The study of the attitudes of official literary institutions as the french academy or the academie goncourt, the members of which contributed to legitimate vichy ideology, reverals the links between collective or individual political positions and th e structural history of the literary field. The clandestine struggle for reconquering a literary autonomy was lead by so me known writers who have lost their status because of the circumstances (aragon, paulhan, mauriac), followed by young poets, who occupied, therefore, a function of "avant-garde". The group was created on the initiative of the communist party, within the organization of a front national
Braz-Botelho, Marilia. "Le peintre brésilien Rodolpho Amoêdo (1857-1941) et l'expérience de la peinture française : académisme ou innovation ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010582/document.
Full textAnalysis of Brazilian painter Rodolpho Amoêdo’s (1857-1941) career path and works who earned a grant from Brazilian Imperial Academy of Fine Arts to stay in Paris between 1879 and 1887. Exposure to French contemporary art but also to that of the XVIIIth century, at the beginning, Amoêdo is influenced by French painters like Gustave Boulanger and Alexandre Cabanel, his first professors. At the end of his Paris stay, he gets closer to Puvis de Chavannes. His paintings become lighter, in a pre-symbolist style. Back to Brazil, in 1888, he is fond of literature and takes part to several societies founded by famous writers in Rio de Janeiro. His paintings, academic in their style but romantic in their environment, become more realistic and include greater personal and psychological dimensions. Occurrences of modern ladies in his works are more frequent : his works are closer to James Tissot’s ones. However, they encompass theatrical aspects which make them unique at the general organization level as well as at the direction of characters. His views about art were also founded on his deep knowledge of painting techniques and on positivism. Comments and critical analysis of works presented by the artist at exhibitions in Paris or at local or international exhibitions in Brazil. As a devoted professor at Rio de Janeiro School of Fine Arts, he worked directly for developing art in Brazil, especially during the transition period between XIXth century academic art and XXth century modern art
Siniscalco, Marie. "Les bibliothèques militaires dans la formation académique des officiers français au XIX siècle (1789-1914)." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793661.
Full textSavary, Karine. "Le scandale dans l'univers littéraire français à la fin du XVIIIe siècle le témoignage des "Annales politiques, civiles et littéraires du dix-huitième siècle " de Linguet." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5664.
Full textJoly, Morwena. "La polémique anatomique dans les arts visuels français du XVIIIe siècle ou l'imaginaire de l'intérieur du vivant." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010653.
Full textNestola, Barbara. "L'air italien sur la scène des théâtres parisiens (1687-1715)." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2026.
Full textThe study concerns the reception of Italian airs in Paris between 1687 and 1715. It consists of two parts: the first one is devoted to the analysis of French volumes containing Italian airs, manuscript and printed, circulating in Paris among the two centuries; the second one concerns the performance of the repertoire of Italian airs in Parisian theatres (Comédie Italienne, Comédie Française and Opera) between the death of Lully (1687) and the death of Louis XIV (1715). As a complementary part of this work, a catalogue of the sources has also been constituted. The documentary corpus consists of Italian airs of the last quarter of the l7th century as the core of the reception of the Italian repertoire and of its impact on the Parisian theatrical world. The identification of the sources, mainly anonymous at the beginning, shows that the airs are Italian opera excerpts. As far as the geographical area concerned. the axis Versailles-Paris appeared as the most appropriate for following the circulation of this repertoire: firstly known by the élite (aristocracy. collectors), it subsequently reached Paris as the consequence of the artistic decentralization from the court to the city at the end of the reign of Louis XIV. The analysis of the Italian airs sung at the Comédie Italienne, the Comédie Française and the Opera show how performers, poets and composers seized this repertoire, closing the ideal cercle of the path of the Italian opera excerpt from its originary stage to the French stage. The continuity of this practice in Parisian theatres during several decades shows the growing interest of the public for this repertoire, anticipating the Goûts réunis and the inclination towards Italian music of the Regency
Lechleiter, France. "Les envois de Rome des pensionnaires peintres de l’Académie de France à Rome de 1863 à 1914." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040175/document.
Full textThe artistic direction of the Académie de France à Rome and its artists in residence is placed under the patronage of the Academy of fine arts. The Academy determines and regulates the conditions of stay and the programme of annual work, the « envois de Rome ». This privilège is interrupted on the 13th November 1863 by a decree witch withdraws its guardianship to entrust it to the government. This rupture shows major crisis in fine arts education in France. even though the Academy recovers the totality of its prerogatives eight years later, from then on it has to take into account the demands that epoch imposes, oscillatin between tradition and modernity. It is in this perspective that the painters in residents and their « envois de Rome » position themselves. tributaries of the education and of the academic system of fine arts, laureates of the prix de Rome in painting are the symbol of the tradition. They are history painters and complete their artistic training in Italy, in Rome, in touch with the old masters of the Renaissance and the masterpiecies of antiquity. But they are also children of their century and for this reason they share the contemporary artistic issues . The point is to know to what extent this presence in world is manifested in their work and what is the nature of the forms it takes on
Leterrier, Sophie-Anne. "Les sciences morales et politiques a l'institut de France (1795-1850)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010621.
Full textMoral and political sciences receive an official position in France with the creation of the national institute, under convention. The second class must transport in their field the methods of the physical sciences, their progress, and create an original science of society. The project, first interrupted in 1803 by the reorganisation of the institute, finds a second start with the liberals of 1830, under Guizot's ministry of education. The study of the academy of moral and political sciences examines the institution itself, its members, its ways; it is also the story of the french social science, within the political ans scientific project of the generation, until 1848
Leribault, Christophe. "Jean-François de Troy (1679-1752)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040312.
Full textWalkowska-Boiteux, Joanna. "Auguste Couder, peintre d’histoire (1790-1873). Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040093.
Full textAuguste Couder, a historical painter active from the outset of the French Restauration to the Second Empire, a member of the Académie des beaux-arts (Academy of Fine Arts) and an Officer of the Legion of Honour, is a true representative of a whole generation of painters who were recognised as such during their lifetime but forgotten afterwards. Little known today, his works, abundant and varied, well deserve to be rediscovered. As a loyal student of David whose teaching greatly influenced him, Couder stood out as an excellent drawer but was nevertheless much interested in colours. He was commissioned numerous orders, from official and private sources, for paintings of a historical nature – both ancient and national – and inspired by religion and literature. A prolific artist, he participated regularly in the Salon held between 1814 and 1848 ; he also took part in several decorative works for official and religious edifices. Yet, his works have never been the subject of any study. The object of the present thesis is to remedy this situation by reviewing his whole career as well as drawing up, for the first time, a full descriptive catalogue of his works. This catalogue, which comprises some 400 paintings and drawings – several of which are unpublished, highlights the rich creation of Couder, reinstating him in the history of the 19th century arts
Serié, Pierre. "La peinture d'histoire en France (1867-1900)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040229.
Full textIn 1867, history painting may seem to be on the decline but, actually, it may have never been, in the XIXth century at the very least, so dynamic than it was between this date and 1900. In theory first, this genre assailed by modernity is constantly redefining itself since it has already opened to the peasant (1830-1860) and soon includes the labour (1880-1890). Above all , the progressive emergence of the notion of decoration saps its foundations as well as it aims at robbing it of its precedence : at the end of the battle which is fought, history painting, reoriented towards its content (the topic, the story) experiences the loss of its formal raison d’être –style, plastic- fallen to decoration. At the time of the return of painting towards itself, towards its constituents, this comes down to definitely downgrading history painting in contemporary creation. The richness of these questionings about the beginning of the great genre is also conveyed, in practice, at forms level - what Matisse would have called the “sens majeur”, by a proliferation of conflicting stylistic trends : between 1860 and 1880, Bouguereau and Cabanel’s Raphaelesque classicism responds to the anti-classicism of Moreau and his spiritual sons, colourists or drawers ; whilst, from 1875 to 1900, the director-like realism developed by Gérôme, Laurens then by Rochegrosse and Tattegrain is systematically disavowed by a more elegiac (Henner), literary (Fantin-Latour) indeed mural trend (Martin). The final contributors to history painting already seem to have decorator souls - and it is as such that Martin will actually go down to posterity, but finally, these decorators of the early part of the XXth century could definitely be seen as the direct heirs of those who, a few decades earlier, were called “history painters” : in both cases one aspires to a synthesis and the Italian tradition of fresco painters is perpetuated. The “grand goût” will have survived its cause
Mathis, Véronique. "Louis Lafitte : un peintre d'histoire de la Révolution à la Restauration." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR081.
Full textAll his life Louis Lafitte (1770-1828) insisted on introducing himself, with pride, as a history painter, a statement which his artistic training fully justified. After an apprenticeship with the engraver Gilles-Antoine Demarteau, he was the pupil of Jean-Baptiste Regnault, a competitor and rival of Jacques Louis David's in the 1780s. Introduced by his master, he was enrolled at the Royal Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1784; his studies there were honourable: first medal in October 1788, and above all the grand prize in painting, when he first took part in the competition in 1791. This course of excellence earned him a place at the Académie de France in Rome, but he could hardly take advantage of this privilege, as the political situation in France was not acceptable to the Roman authorities. The population could not stand the French presence and in January 1793, it was mayhem; the Mancini Palace, the seat of the Academy, was burnt down and the residents dispersed. All of them returned to France more or less quickly; some, like Lafitte, took refuge in Florence until the neutrality of Tuscany was ruptured in October 1793. On his return to France, a period of uncertainty began: an official resident of the Republic until September 1800, he received modest compensation. His desire to return to Rome was unfulfilled as was his aspiration to become a history painter, as he was unable to obtain a studio, despite repeated requests. Nor did he enter the cenacle of artists regularly solicited by successive governments, but he sometimes gave timid signs of assent to the regime in power, from the year II to the Empire, where he received more important official commissions, such as the simulacrum of the Arc de Triomphe de L'Etoile for the wedding of Napoleon and Marie-Louise. His enthusiastic rallying to the Restoration undoubtedly shows the true face of Lafitte's political affinity. The result was a very official position as draughtsman in the King's Cabinet, which concluded his artistic career which is often difficult to reconstruct. For most of his life, he was not in the limelight, lacking public clients, he very quickly turned to a private clientele, which he obtained by using his title of a history painter. He was mainly asked to paint works in line with the tastes of the time, Pompeian interior decorations, or portraits, which we have little trace of today. A skilled draughtsman, he worked for print engravers, producing famous pieces such as figures from the republican calendar, but also for publishers of refined illustrated editions, very appreciated by the readers of the time. One thinks, in particular, of the luxurious Didot edition of Paul and Virginie, directed from beginning to end by Bernardin de Saint Pierre himself. In the publishing field, he earned such a reputation that he remained a book illustrator for a large number of 19th-century authors. He was also interested in the applied arts and provided drawings for both the goldsmiths and wallpaper trade. These were luxury objects, produced in small numbers but mechanically manufactured. As an artist, Louis Lafitte accepted the demands of consumer society, his eclectic career showed his constant ability to adapt during the revolution and although he is not remembered as a history painter, he succeeded in making a living from his trade
Lablanche, Julie. "Éloges inédits de l'académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Besançon (1752-1789)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC021.
Full textIn the middle of the 18th century, la Franche-Comté joined the network of learned societies whose objective was to contribute “to the progress of science and to the perfection of talents”: an academy of sciences, belles lettres and arts was established in Besançon. Comtois academicians thus undertook many works and were committed to promoting the emulation of their fellow citizens by regularly organizing competitions. The company’s handwritten archives, which today are kept in the Besançon municipal library and may be consulted on line in digitized form, bear witness to this activity, which continued until 1789. Conducted from a literary viewpoint, the exploration of these vast archival collections has made it possible to select a sample of previously unpublished speeches and to propose a critical edition of them. The encomium genre, closely linked to the academic institution, was worthy of our undertaking this transcription and annotation work : thus, we find in this work a series of epideictic plays, composed by the academicians themselves or by individuals having close ties to the academy through their role as clergymen or their participation in competitions. We sought in particular to unravel the sources and the influences of these various productions, to analyze their originality and style, while providing the historical clarification needed to understand them, the epideictic genre lending itself freely to the use of allusions. The study thus highlights the presence of literary eloquence in Franche-Comté on the eve of the French revolution, and the efforts to appropriate its general codes by the scholars of the province
Im mittleren XVIII. Jahrhundert schließt sich die Franche-Comté dem Kreis der Gelehrtengesellschaften an, die « zu dem Fortschritt der Wissenschaften und der Vervollkommnung der Talente » beitragen sollen : zu dieser Zeit wird in Besançon eine Akademie der Wissenschaften, der schönen Literatur und der Künste gegründet. Ihre Mitglieder unternehmen von diesem Moment an zahlreiche Forschungen und organisieren regelmäßig Wettbewerbe, um unter ihren Mitbürgern die wissenschaftliche Wetteifer zu fördern. Diese bis zur Revolution hindauerndeTätigkeit bezeugen heute die akademischen, von der Stadtbibliothek Besançon aufbewahrten und nunmehr on-line erhältlichen Handschriften. Die aus einem literarischen Aussichtspunkt geführte Erforschung dieses umfangreichen Archivguts ermittelte eine Auswahl unveröffentlicht gebliebener Reden und ermöglichte, davon eine kritische Auflage vorzulegen. Gewiß waren die hier vorgeführten akademischen Lobreden, insofern als sie zu einem mit der Institution eng verbundenen literarischen Genre gehören, einer gedruckten Übertragung und einer kritischen Ausgabe würdig. Dieses Werk schlägt also eine Folge von epidiktischen Stücken vor, die entweder von Akademikern selbst verfaßt wurden, oder von Einzelnen, die als Prediger oder als Wettbewerber ein enges Verhältnis zur Akademie hatten. In der vorliegenden Studie werden ins besondere die Urquellen und Einflüsse nachgeforscht, welche die Schriften der Akademiker von Besançon geprägt haben, und die Eigenart und der eigentümliche Stil dieser Schriften untersucht. Nützliche bzw. notwendige historische Erläuterungen werden dem Leser zu einer besseren Verständnis der Texte helfen, die – dem epidiktischen Genre gemäß – oft anspielungsreich sind. Hervorgebracht wird, wie die literarische Redekunst sich in der Franche-Comté am Vorabend der französischen Revolution entwickelt hat, und wie sich die Gelehrten dieser Provinz bemüht haben, sich die Merkmale des Genres anzueignen
EDWARDS, Martin David. "A l'immortalité: the pursuit of status and the Academie francaise in France, 1635-1789." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5762.
Full textExamining board: Prof. John Brewer, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Anne Goldgar, University of London ; Prof. Olwen Hufton, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Dena Goodman, Louisiana State University
zhu, cui. "Symbolique florale dans le tableau de Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV (1687)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8412.
Full textThe painting by Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay, Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV, is a reception piece of the french academician painter to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1687. Unfortunately having been little studied, this painting reveals three very interesting issues. First of all, it contain three kind of painting in one composition: still life, portrait and history painting, illustrated respectively by the flowers, the bust of Louis XIV and the piece of armor. The combination of these three types in a still life is uncommon in the 17th century French painting. It is therefore necessary to check if there is a link between the flowers, the picture of Louis XIV and the armor. Then, the contrast between the polychrome of the flowers and the monochrome of the sculpture and furniture is striking, it is possible to associate this contrast to the phenomenon of the debates between drawing and color of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture during the second half of the 17th century. Moreover, the flowers, which were not the central subject in the original program of Le Brun, become the main subject of the table and occupy a more important place than the bust of Louis XIV. This change has not shocked the judges of the Academy since the painting was accepted without question. It therefore leads to think about the hierarchy of genres of painting, which was the official doctrine of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture at the time. The core of this research is to see if the flowers occupy a mere decorative function, or whether they may be associated with symbols. Our research will verify the employ of floral symbols in French culture of the 17th century and then developed this employ not only in the political field, which means the flowers are in praise of Louis XIV, but also in the aesthetics domain, that is to say how the painting reflects by employing floral symbols the evolution of the theories of art in France during the second half of the 17th century, the hierarchy of genres of painting and the debates between drawing and color.
Zhu, Cui. "Symbolique florale dans le tableau de Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV (1687)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8412.
Full textThe painting by Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay, Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV, is a reception piece of the french academician painter to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1687. Unfortunately having been little studied, this painting reveals three very interesting issues. First of all, it contain three kind of painting in one composition: still life, portrait and history painting, illustrated respectively by the flowers, the bust of Louis XIV and the piece of armor. The combination of these three types in a still life is uncommon in the 17th century French painting. It is therefore necessary to check if there is a link between the flowers, the picture of Louis XIV and the armor. Then, the contrast between the polychrome of the flowers and the monochrome of the sculpture and furniture is striking, it is possible to associate this contrast to the phenomenon of the debates between drawing and color of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture during the second half of the 17th century. Moreover, the flowers, which were not the central subject in the original program of Le Brun, become the main subject of the table and occupy a more important place than the bust of Louis XIV. This change has not shocked the judges of the Academy since the painting was accepted without question. It therefore leads to think about the hierarchy of genres of painting, which was the official doctrine of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture at the time. The core of this research is to see if the flowers occupy a mere decorative function, or whether they may be associated with symbols. Our research will verify the employ of floral symbols in French culture of the 17th century and then developed this employ not only in the political field, which means the flowers are in praise of Louis XIV, but also in the aesthetics domain, that is to say how the painting reflects by employing floral symbols the evolution of the theories of art in France during the second half of the 17th century, the hierarchy of genres of painting and the debates between drawing and color.