Journal articles: 'Acacia'

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Greenberg, Russell, and Peter Bichier. "Determinants of tree species preference of birds in oak–acacia woodlands of Central America." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001762.

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In mid-elevation areas of Mesoamerica, Acacia pennatula commonly occurs in mixed woods with various species of oak. During a 1-y study in Nicaragua, we found the abundance of birds in acacia was far higher than the representation of this species in the mix of trees, whether this is estimated by number of individual trees, canopy cover or foliage cover. This higher abundance was probably related to the fact that acacias supported approximately three to four times the abundance of arthropods that were found in oaks and twice the biomass. Although oak foliage supported fewer arthropods, relatively more of them were large (>1 cm). The greater preponderance of small arthropods in acacias versus oaks was probably related to the small leaflet size of acacias. However, it is likely that the higher abundance of arthropods in acacias, particularly herbivorous species, was related to the higher nutritional content of the acacia foliage (crude protein, minerals, non-structural carbohydrates) and lower content of digestion-inhibiting compounds (structural carbohydrates, total phenolics, condensed tannins). The major defensive mechanisms of acacia are mechanical (thorns) or qualitative-defence chemicals (cyanogenic glucosides) that are apparently more effective against vertebrate than invertebrate herbivores. These observations support the hypothesis that the anti-herbivore defences of acacia are primarily directed against large mammalian herbivores, rendering the foliage highly palatable to arthropods.

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Moore, G. "The handling of the proposal to conserve the name Acacia at the 17th International Botanical Congress—an attempt at minority rule." Bothalia 37, no. 1 (August 18, 2007): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i1.308.

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The handling of controversial Proposal 1584 to conserve the name Acacia with a conserved type for the Australian acacias during the Nomenclature Section meeting at the 17th International Botanical Congress (Vienna) in 2005 is reviewed. Through a simple majority vote, this Section adopted rules requiring a 60% majority of votes to approve any proposal to modify the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and a simple majority to approve all other motions; motions not receiving the required majority were to be rejected. However, for the motion addressing Proposal 1584, 45.1% voted to conserve the type of the name Acacia for Australian acacias, and 54.9% voted to retain the current African type for the name Acacia. Even though this motion failed to get a 60% majority either way as required by the Section’s own rules, Section officials have concluded that the name Acacia is to be conserved for Australian acacias. Treating a motion as approved, even though it received only minority support, also violates the fundamental principle of standard parliamentary procedure—the right of the majority to approve proposals. For Acacia to be formally conserved, the Nomenclature Section needed to approve a motion addressing Proposal 1584 with a majority vote, and this never happened in Vienna. Recommendations are made on how this process might be improved.

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Bauhus, J., P. K. Khanna, and N. Menden. "Aboveground and belowground interactions in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-141.

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This study investigated whether increased productivity in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Acacia mearnsii de Wild when compared with monocultures could be explained by niche separation of the fine-root systems. For this purpose fine-root architecture, nutrient concentration, and fine-root distribution were examined in two horizons (0-15 and 15-30 cm) of mixed and pure stands. Investigations were carried out in 6.5-year-old plantations consisting of 100% eucalypts, 75% eucalypts + 25% acacia, 50% eucalypts + 50% acacia, 25% eucalypts + 75% acacia, and 100% acacia. Aboveground the two species interacted synergistically. Stem volume and tree height was highest in the 50:50 mixtures. For acacias, intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition with eucalypts. Fine-root biomass and length density were similar for all species combinations, and there was no synergistic effect. The vertical distribution of fine roots and fine-root architecture were similar for acacias and eucalypts. This indicated that soil exploitation strategies may be similar, which can result in strong competition for soil resources. Fine-root nitrogen concentrations of eucalypts were highest in the 50:50 mixture. Improved productivity of mixtures appears to be a result of both canopy stratification and improved N nutrition of eucalypts through N fixation by acacias.

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Yakir, Michal, and Elia Onne. "Loranthus acaciae (Plicosepalus acacia): The Proving." Homœopathic Links 29, no. 03 (October 5, 2016): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586490.

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Khan, Salim, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Abdulrahman Al-hashimi, Mohammad Nadeem, Mohamed Tarroum, Abdalrhaman M. Salih, and Hassan O. Shaikhaldein. "Comparative Study on Genome Size and Phytochemical Profile of Three Potential Species of Acacia: Threatened and Endemic to Saudi Arabia." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110994.

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Acacias are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and have both economic as well as medicinal value. The estimation of genome size is very important as it changes due to the change in noncoding DNA sequence as well as genome duplication among organisms for their evolutionary aspects. Three potential species of the genus Acacia including Acacia etbaica, Acacia johnwoodii and Acacia origena, which are threatened and nearly endemic to Saudi Arabia, were collected. The present study was carried out to determine the genomes’ size (2C DNA contents), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) and some bioactive compounds in these species for their comparison. The genome size ranged from 1.90 pg (A. etbaica) to 2.45 pg/2C (A. origena) among the Acacia species, which correspond to genome sizes 1858.2–2396.1 Mbp, respectively. The variation was observed in genome size within Acacia species as nuclei were extracted using different extraction buffers except for GB and MB01 buffers. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in compounds that might be responsible for different types of phytochemicals in these Acacia species. Total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 0.647 (A. origena) to 1.084 mg QE /g DW (A. johnwoodii), whereas the total phenolic f content (TPC) ranged between 15.322 (A. origena) to 28.849 (A. johnwoodii) mg/g DW of GAE. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin 3-β-glucoside and luteolin 7-rutinoside in the leaves of all three Acacia species in considerable amounts, and these might have good health-promoting effects. This is our first study on genome size (2C DNA content) using flow cytometry and phytochemical profiling on these Acacias. Thus, estimated genome size and phytochemical study of these species could help to understand the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites under various genes and the evolutionary relationships among them.

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Montesinos, D., S. Castro, and S. Rodríguez-Echeverría. "Invasive acacias experience higher ant seed removal rates at the invasion edges." Web Ecology 12, no. 1 (June 13, 2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-12-33-2012.

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Abstract. Seed dispersal is a key process for the invasion of new areas by exotic species. Introduced plants often take advantage of native generalist dispersers. Australian acacias are primarily dispersed by ants in their native range and produce seeds bearing a protein and lipid rich reward for ant mutualists (elaiosome). Nevertheless, the role of myrmecochory in the expansion of Australian acacias in European invaded areas is still not clear. We selected one European population of Acacia dealbata and another of A. longifolia and offered elaiosome-bearing and elaiosome-removed seeds to local ant communities. For each species, seeds were offered both in high-density acacia stands and in low-density invasion edges. For both acacia species, seed removal was significantly higher at the low-density edges. For A. longifolia, manual elimination of elaiosomes reduced the chance of seed removal by 80% in the low-density edges, whereas it made no difference on the high-density stands. For A. dealbata, the absence of elaiosome reduced seed removal rate by 52%, independently of the acacia density. Our data suggests that invasive acacias have found effective ant seed dispersers in Europe and that the importance of such dispersers is higher at the invasion edges.

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Miller, Joseph T., and Randall J. Bayer. "Molecular phylogenetics of Acacia subgenera Acacia and Aculeiferum (Fabaceae : Mimosoideae), based on the chloroplast matK coding sequence and flanking trnK intron spacer regions." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 1 (2003): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb01035.

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The genus Acacia is subdivided into the following three subgenera: subg. Acacia, subg. Aculeiferum and the predominantly Australian subg. Phyllodineae. Morphological and molecular studies have suggested that the tribe Acacieae and genus Acacia are artificial and have a close affinity to the tribe Ingeae. Sequence analysis of the chloroplast trnK intron, including the matK coding region and flanking non-coding regions, were undertaken to examine taxon relationships within Acacia subgenera Acacia and Aculeiferum. Subgenus Acacia is monophyletic while subgenus Aculeiferum is paraphyletic. Within the subgenera, major divisions are found based on biogeography, New World versus African–Asian taxa. These data suggest that characters such as inflorescence and prickle and/or stipule type are polymorphic and homoplasious in cladistic analyses within the subgenera.

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Vieites-Blanco, Cristina, and Serafín J. González-Prieto. "Invasiveness, ecological impacts and control of acacias in southwestern Europe – a review." Web Ecology 20, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-20-33-2020.

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Abstract. The most prolific acacias in southern Europe (Acacia dealbata, A. melanoxylon and A. longifolia) are rapidly spreading in its westernmost area: Portugal and NW Spain, where congeners with invasion potential are already established. We performed a bibliographic search of acacia invasions in southern Europe and used spatial data on acacia distribution and abiotic parameters in Iberia to check the influence of abiotic factors on acacia invasion. According to our results, in Iberia A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon seem limited by high soil pH (pHCaCl2>5.5), frequent frosts (>21 to 40 d yr−1) and low annual precipitation (<500 to 1000 mm); data were inconclusive for A. longifolia, while A. saligna prefers neutral soils in the driest and warmest areas. The percentage of area occupied by A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon increases significantly with the percentage of burnt surface. In the literature, acacias' invasiveness is usually attributed to their high resprouting and seeding capacity and to native exclusion through their allelopathic potential; symbiotic promiscuity with rhizobia; high environmental plasticity; and adaptation to burnt, cleared and resource-poor land. However, it is unknown how acacias became so invasive in western Iberia, where native Fabaceae shrubs with similar ecological traits (and invaders outside their natural range) are abundant. Invasive acacias can modify fire and water regimes, aboveground biodiversity, and topsoil characteristics (microbial communities, pH, organic matter and macronutrients levels); nevertheless, sound comparisons with mature stands of Iberian legumes for these and other soil properties (N fluxes, micronutrients) are lacking. As several acacias outcompete Iberian Fabaceae shrubs partly thanks to enemy release, the introduction of biocontrol agents (as for A. longifolia in Portugal) can be useful for invasion control.

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Midgley, Stephen. "Tropical acacias: their domestication and contribution to Asia's wood and pulp industries = Acacias tropicales: su domesticación y contribución a la industria de pulpa y madera en Asia." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 13 (July 17, 2007): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2007.79.

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Alrededor de 1000 especies de Acacia son nativas de Australia y países vecinos. Plantaciones comerciales y también de pequeños propietarios han sido establecidas con tres especies de acacias tropicales: Acacia auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa, A. mangium y un híbrido A auriculiformis x A mangium (a la que se hará referencia como Acacia híbrida). Estas especies son el foco de los actuales programas de forestación. Más de 1,8 MM han sido plantadas en China, Malasia, Indonesia, Papúa Nueva Guinea, Filipinas, Tailandia, Vietnam y en la isla Yermalner en Australia. La mayor parte de estos recursos son usados como materia prima en plantas de pulpa kraft y volúmenes significativos de madera también están encontrando mercados basados en madera sólida de alto valor. Acacia mangium fue inicialmente plantada como una especie exótica en Malasia en 1966 y Acacia crassicarpa en China y en Tailandia a principios de los 80's. Su auge como importantes árboles comerciales representa un gran éxito en la domesticación de especies.

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Richard, Kouadio Kouassi, Bakayoko Adama, N’guessan Kanga Anatole, and Konan Djezou. "Diversité Et Structure Floristiques Sous Des Peuplements d’Acacias Australiens En Zone Forestière De La Côte d’Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 35 (December 31, 2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n35p229.

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Since thirty years, four Australian Acacias species are introduced and studied in Anguédédou Research station. The station research is located in evergreen forest in the south of Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of the introduction of these species, is to rehabilitate degraded grounds and fallow after growing. The study aims at appreciating the impact of Acacia species on floristic diversity and the regeneration of forest species. For collecting data, we use quadrat method (35 x 50 m and 6 x 6 m).This method permitted the inventory of 212 species on 1.05 ha. Among these species, 1.89 % are Ivorian endemic species and 11.32 % are endemic of West African flora. The flora under the different species of Acacia are relatively diversified and dense. The majority of plant inventoried under Acacia species have small diameters. The highest specific richness average per plots (36 m2) were noted in the 11 years old parcels of Acacia mangium (26.20±2.34) and 27 years old parcels of Acacia auriculaeformis (25.40±2.34) and Acacia crassicarpa (30.60±2.34). The mean values of diameters (dbh ≥ 2.5 cm) fluctuate from 2.94±0.56 cm for the 8 years old stands of Acacia mangium to 8.09±0.56 cm for the 27 years old settlements of Acacia crassicarpa. The results show that leguminous trees can be used for recolonization of the deforested areas in order to rebuild quickly their plant biodiversity.

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Novriyanti, E., M. Watanabe, Q. Mao, and K. Takayoshi. "Growth performance of eucalypts and acacia seedling under elevated CO₂ load in the changing environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012030.

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Abstract Acacia and Eucalypt are important species in the global forest plantations. The resilience of those species under the changing environment would define their significance in the dynamic of forest plantation. This study was aimed to provide information on the growth performance of two acacias and two eucalypts seedlings under elevated CO2 concentrations. The seedlings of A. auriculiformis, A. mangium, E. camadulensis, and E. urophylla were subjected to two levels of CO2 and two levels of nutrient supply in the FACE system in Sapporo Experimental Forest, Japan. The eucalypts showed significantly higher growth performance than the acacias. The nutrient addition significantly increased the growth, yet the CO2 and interaction between CO2 and nutrients were not significantly different. LMA was not significantly affected by the elevated CO2 and nutrient addition. Although nutrients significantly affected the C/N in the eucalypts, they showed no different effect on the acacias. As expected, Nmass and Narea were higher in the acacia than those in the eucalypts, although no significant responses were shown to elevated CO2 and nutrient addition. The tested acacia and eucalypts showed relatively insensitivity to elevated CO2. Thus they might possess resilience capacity under the keep increasing level of the atmospheric CO2 concentration.

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Guinto, Danilo F., Zhihong Xu, Alan PN House, and Paul G. Saffigna. "Assessment of N2 fixation by understorey acacias in recurrently burnt eucalypt forests of subtropical Australia using 15N isotope dilution techniques." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-183.

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The N2 fixation by understorey acacias in repeatedly burnt dry and wet sclerophyll forest sites in subtropical Australia was assessed using 15N isotope dilution techniques. In the first study, aboveground parts of established acacias and nonlegume reference plants at the two sites were collected from plots subjected to varying fire frequencies for measurements of 15N natural abundance (<$Q150E00000010446D80BFFEFF88A45505A9A1C8282ADCC6210090483DA6ED4F658F80>15N). The <$Q150E00000010446D80BFFEFF88A45505A9A1C8282ADCC6210090483DA6ED4F658F80>15N values of acacias and nonlegumes were similar, and substantial variation in these <$Q150E00000010446D80BFFEFF88A45505A9A1C8282ADCC6210090483DA6ED4F658F80>15N values precluded any evaluation of N2 fixation. In the second study, 15N enrichment method was used to examine N2 fixation of acacia seedlings grown for 5 months in glasshouse pots of top 10-cm soils collected from the fire plots at the two sites. In Acacia leiocalyx (Domin) Pedley at the dry site, whole plant percent N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) was 25% in unburnt soil, 66% in periodically burnt soil, and 42% in annually burnt soil (referenceAlphitonia excelsa (Cunn. ex Fenzl) Reisseck ex Benth.), compared with 33, 69, and 66%, respectively (reference Corymbia variegata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson). In Acacia oshanesii F. Muell. & Maiden at the wet site, whole plant %Ndfa was 9% in unburnt soil, 41% in quadrennially burnt soil, and 50% in biennially burnt soil (reference Dodonaea triquetra Andr.), compared with -4, 26, and 55%, respectively (reference Eucalyptus pilularis Sm.).

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Bauhus, Jürgen, Aaron P. van Winden, and Adrienne B. Nicotra. "Aboveground interactions and productivity in mixed-species plantations of Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus globulus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-243.

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This study compared productivity in mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr. and Acacia mearnsii de Wild with pure stands of each species and investigated how this might be explained by canopy stratification between species and changes in leaf characteristics of eucalypts. Investigations were carried out at a trial using the replacement series design, which consisted of the following combinations: 100% eucalypts (100%E), 75% eucalypts + 25% acacia (75%E:25%A), 50% eucalypts + 50% acacia (50%E:50%A), 25% eucalypts + 75% acacia (25%E:75%A), and 100% acacia (100%A). At 9.5 years, stem volume and biomass were highest in 50%E:50%A treatments. Canopy stratification occurred in all mixtures, with acacias in the lower and eucalypts in the upper canopy stratum. This and the increasing canopy light interception with increasing proportion of acacia in the mixture indicated that A. mearnsii is substantially more shade tolerant than E. globulus. Midcanopy foliage of E. globulus in the 50%E:50%A mixture had higher foliage nitrogen (N) but lower phosphorus (P) concentrations and lower light-saturated net photosynthesis rates (Amax) than those in the 100%E treatment. In addition, similar relationships between eucalypt crown volume and stem biomass across treatments indicated that eucalypt crowns were not more efficient in mixture. Our study indicates that the productivity gains in these mixtures may be partially attributable to aboveground niche separation between species.

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Maslin, B. R., J. T. Miller, and D. S. Seigler. "Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb02008.

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The systematic treatment and circumscription of the group of plants presently recognised as the genus Acacia has a complex history. The genus was first described by Philip Miller in 1754 and until 1842, when George Bentham clearly defined it's generic limits (by restricting the name Acacia to mimosoid plants having numerous free stamens), a number of species which are now referable to genera within tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae had been referred to it. As presently defined, Acacia is a cosmopolitan genus containing in excess of 1350 species and together with the monotypic genus Faidherbia Chev. (which occurs in Africa and the Middle East), comprises tribe Acacieae within subfamily Mimosoideae. The current classification of Acacia views the genus as comprising three large subgenera, namely subg. Acacia (c. 161 species, pantropical), subg. Aculeiferum Vassal (235 species; pantropical) and subg. Phyllodineae (DC.) Seringe (syn. subg. Heterophyllum Vassal) (960 species, largely confined to Australia). In 1986, Pedley proposed that these three subgenera be attributed generic rank, namely Acacia, Senegalia Rafinesque and Racosperma C.Martius, respectively, but this proposal was not widely adopted. Subsequently, the results of monographic and floristic works have greatly expanded knowledge, not only of Acacia, but also of its presumed relatives in tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae. Cladistic analyses of chloroplast genes have been especially informative in developing a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships of the group. The new data clearly show that the genus as presently defined (i.e. Acacia sens. lat.) is not monophyletic. Furthermore, five separate monophyletic groups can be recognised within Acacia sens. lat. and it is recommended that these each be recognised as a distinct genus. The five genera correspond to those recognised by Pedley, except that Senegalia sens. lat. is now regarded as comprising three genera, namely Senegalia sens. str., Acaciella Britton & Rose [based on Acacia subg. Aculeiferum sect. Filicinae (Benth.) Pedley] and an undescribed genus based on a group of species related to Acacia coulteri Benth. Acacia subg. Acacia appears to be located in tribe Mimoseae. The relationships of subg. Phyllodineae, subg. Aculeiferum sens. str., sect. Filicinae, the 'Acacia coulteri' group and Faidherbia are not fully resolved, although in all studies these groups are shown to be monophyletic. Although it is appropriate that each be recognised as a distinct genus, the application of the names Acacia and Racosperma is currently under consideration and it is therefore not appropriate to use these names until this matter is resolved.

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Sommerville, Katy E., Teresa E. Gimeno, and Marilyn C. Ball. "Primary nerve (vein) density influences spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic response to drought in two Acacia species." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 9 (2010): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10062.

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We examined the relationship between variation in phyllode nerve density and the spatio-temporal response of the photosynthetic apparatus to water-stress in two Acacia s.str. species with contrasting nerve patterns: Acacia floribunda (Vent.) Willd and Acacia pycnantha Benth. A. floribunda had greater primary nerve density than A. pycnantha and also showed greater spatial homogeneity in photosynthetic function with drought than phyllodes of A. pycnantha. A. pycnantha had lower maximum quantum efficiency of PSII in phyllode tissue further from primary nerves consistent with its lower primary nerve density. Further, A. floribunda phyllodes maintained function of the photosynthetic apparatus with drought for longer and recovered more swiftly from drought than A. pycnantha. These findings suggest that greater primary nerve density may enhance drought tolerance and are consistent with the observed predominance of acacias with high primary nerve density in areas with lower precipitation.

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Colaço, Maria Conceição, Ana Catarina Sequeira, and Iryna Skulska. "Genus Acacia in Mainland Portugal: Knowledge and Experience of Stakeholders in Their Management." Land 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2023): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12112026.

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The global rise in issues related to the invasion of alien tree species is becoming increasingly prominent. Genus Acacia is one of the most pervasive invaders among the non-native flora introduced to Portugal over the centuries. This research aimed to pinpoint the key players engaged in its management, their expertise, and the methodologies applied to control acacias or decrease affected regions. Data were gathered via an online survey and subjected to diverse statistical analyses. Numerous stakeholders have emerged in recent decades, employing various methods to fight acacia invasion. Mechanical, chemical, and combined methods are the most frequently applied. The findings highlight the need for continued funding for long-term acacia control in the same invaded areas, increased training actions and best practices demonstration in the field and increased public awareness and engagement in local communities and the general public.

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Vicente, Sara, Cristina Máguas, David M. Richardson, Helena Trindade, John R. U. Wilson, and Johannes J. Le Roux. "Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally." Annals of Botany 128, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab053.

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Abstract Background and Aims Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world’s most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding. Methods We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive). Key Results Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations. Conclusion We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.

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Stone, Graham N., Nigel E. Raine, Matthew Prescott, and Pat G. Willmer. "Pollination ecology of acacias (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 1 (2003): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb02024.

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We review the pollination ecology of acacias worldwide, discussing (1) the rewards provided to flower visitors, (2) the temporal patterns of flowering and reward provision and (3) the taxonomic composition of flower visitors assemblages. The flowers of most acacias (including all members of the subgenus Phyllodineae) offer only pollen to flower visitors and floral nectar is limited to a minority of species in the subgenera Acacia and Aculeiferum. The most important pollinators of acacias are social and solitary bees, although other insects and nectar-feeding birds are important in specific cases. Acacias that secrete nectar attract far more species-rich assemblages of flower visitors, although many of these are probably not important as pollinators. Most acacias in the subgenus Phyllodineae have long-lived protogynous flowers, without clear daily patterns in reward provision and visitation. In contrast, most members of the other two subgenera have flowers that last for a single day, appear to be protandrous and have clear daily patterning in reward provision and visitation. The generality of these patterns should not be assumed until the pollination ecology of many more phyllodinous acacias has been studied, particularly in arid environments. The accessibility of the floral rewards in acacia flowers makes them important examples of two general issues in plant communities—the partitioning of shared pollinators and the evolution of floral ant repellents.

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Andrade, A. G., G. S. Costa, and S. M. Faria. "Deposição e decomposição da serapilheira em povoamentos de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea com quatro anos de idade em planossolo." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832000000400010.

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Algumas espécies de leguminosas arbóreas, associadas a bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e a fungos micorrízicos, têm apresentado bom desenvolvimento em solos degradados. Visando avaliar a influência dessas espécies na recuperação da fertilidade do solo, mediu-se a quantidade de matéria seca e nutrientes no material formador da serapilheira, durante o ano de 1995, e na serapilheira acumulada na superfície do solo, em 1995 e 1996, e estimou-se sua velocidade de decomposição. Estudaram-se povoamentos homogêneos de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá), Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea, em espaçamento de 4 m²/planta, em Planossolo, no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, município de Seropédica (RJ) (22°49' S e 43°38' W, com altitude variando entre 18 e 33 m). A deposição média anual de material formador da serapilheira foi de 10 Mg ha-1, para o sabiá, e de 9 Mg ha-1, para as Acacias Em média, as folhas corresponderam a 64% do material formador da serapilheira produzido pelo sabiá e pela Acacia holosericea e 70% para Acacia mangium A parte mais rica em nutrientes do material formador da serapilheira foram as estruturas reprodutivas. A Acacia Mangium foi a espécie de maior capacidade de retranslocação interna de nutrientes, produzindo a serapilheira mais pobre em nutrientes e de menor velocidade de decomposição. A serapilheira produzida pelo sabiá foi a mais rica em nutrientes, com menor tempo de residência. As diferentes velocidades de decomposição da serapilheira dessas espécies podem ser utilizadas como estratégia para complementar necessidades nutricionais de culturas econômicas em sistemas agroflorestais e, ou, para auxiliar na recuperação de solos degradados.

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Vaz, Ana Sofia, Joana Ribeiro, João P. Honrado, and Joana R. Vicente. "Stakeholders’ perceptions towards non-native acacias and implications for their management in Portugal." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz060.

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Abstract Humans act as drivers for the introduction of non-native trees. Some non-native species may become invasive and cause undesirable impacts, thereby motivating targeted decision-making and management actions. Australian acacias (or wattles; genus Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) have been introduced worldwide, offering both opportunities and risks for local communities. Understanding how stakeholders perceive invasive acacias is paramount to assist effective decision-making. We assessed stakeholders’ perceptions about these non-native acacias, their invasion process, social-ecological impacts and management. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey with experienced managers and decision-makers in Northern Portugal, where acacia invasions are widespread. We found that most stakeholders are not able to recognize non-native species, failing to identify the introduction period, drivers of dispersion and appropriate management methods of Australian acacias. We could also identify different stakeholder perceptions on the benefits and negative impacts provided by these species. We call for the implementation of technical training and information outreach strategies to address stakeholders’ lack of knowledge (and experience) on the recognition and identification of non-native trees, as well as on their introduction and invasion history, drivers of dispersion, costs and benefits, and effective management actions. Stakeholders’ engagement should be promoted in the design and implementation of biosecurity efforts to control (and/or adapt to) invasive acacias at relevant scales of invasion management.

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Barros Asenjo, Santiago. "El género Acacia, especies multipropósito = The genus Acacia, multipurpose species." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 13 (July 3, 2007): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2007.73.

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Diversas clasificaciones taxonómicas han sido dadas para este género. Actualmente son reconocidos tres subgéneros. No obstante, se sugiere que debieran ser reconocidos a lo menos cinco géneros diferentes y existe bastante consenso en la comunidad botánica en relación a la disparidad de grupos que conforman el género Acacia y a la necesidad de su separación. Sin embargo, las tendencias al respecto conducirían a que la mayoría de las especies del actual género y en particular aquellas australianas, cambiarían de nombre. En este trabajo es presentada una visión actual de la actual clasificación botánica de las acacias, se revisa las tendencias actuales hacia una reclasificación y las consecuencias que esta tendría. Finalmente se describen las especies del género más conocidas y utilizadas en el Mundo y Chile.

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Charis, Gratitude, Gwiranai Danha, and Edison Muzenda. "Characterizations of Biomasses for Subsequent Thermochemical Conversion: A Comparative Study of Pine Sawdust and Acacia Tortilis." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050546.

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The bioenergy production potential from biomasses is dependent on their characteristics. This study characterized pine sawdust samples from Zimbabwe and acacia tortilis samples from Botswana using conventional and spectrometry techniques. The ultimate analysis results for pine were 45.76% carbon (C), 5.54% hydrogen (H), 0.039% nitrogen (N), 0% sulphur (S) and 48.66% oxygen (O) and, for acacia, were 41.47% C, 5.15% H, 1.23% N, 0% S and 52.15% O. Due to the low N and S in the biomasses, they promise to provide cleaner energy than fossil-based sources. Proximate analysis results, on a dry basis, for acacia were 3.90% ash, 15.59% fixed carbon and 76.51% volatiles matter and 0.83%, 20% and 79.16%, respectively, for pine. A calorific value of 17.57 MJ/kg was obtained for pine, compared with 17.27 MJ/kg for acacia, suggesting they are good thermochemical feedstocks. Acacia’s bulk energy density is five times that of pine, making it excellent for compressed wood applications. Though the ash content in acacia was much higher than in pine, it fell below the fouling and slagging limit of 6%. In pyrolysis, however, high ash contents lead to reduced yields or the quality of bio-oil through catalytic reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry indicated the presence of multiple functional groups, as expected for a biomass and its derivatives.

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Pham, Tung Gia, Chau Thi Minh Tran, Hai Thi Nguyen, Ha Ngan Trinh, Ngoc Bich Nguyen, Ha Khoa Ngoc Nguyen, Tan Trong Tran, Huy Dinh Le, and Quy Ngoc Phuong Le. "Land Evaluation for Acacia (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) Plantations in the Mountainous Regions of Central Vietnam." Land 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122184.

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In recent years, both scientists and local governments have been giving serious attention to land evaluation, especially in regard to the use of agricultural land. This is with the intention of increasing the sustainability of agricultural production. In Vietnam, acacia plantations play an important role in the livelihoods of farmers in mountainous regions. Therefore, identifying suitable areas for acacia plantations is an important consideration within mountainous areas. This research was conducted in Nam Dong district, Central Vietnam, using six physical soil criteria for land evaluation by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and also the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results have shown that the ranking of selected criteria in both methods was the same, but the weighting of each criterion was different. Among the six physical soil criteria, soil depth has the highest priority, followed by slope, soil organic carbon content, soil texture, soil pH, and soil type. The suitability maps for acacia plantations within the area studied have shown that 9344 ha were not suitable, and 99 ha had low suitability for acacia plantation by both methods. For the AHP approach, 928 hectares were in the range of moderate suitability, and 3080 hectares were in the high suitability class. In contrast, the FAHP method determined 905 hectares to be of the moderate suitability class and 3102 hectares to be of the high suitability class. Based on the observed acacia’s productivity and the scores of the two methods, it shows that the FAHP has a stronger correlation than the of AHP. Within the six selected criteria, the FAHP method can increase the accuracy of land evaluation results by 4.62% in comparison to the original AHP method. Therefore, the FAHP is the most suitable method for land evaluation, especially for agricultural land planning. Further studies should be integrated into more social and economic criteria for comprehensive land evaluation scenarios.

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Diouf, Diégane, Robin Duponnois, Amadou Tidiane Ba, Marc Neyra, and Didier Lesueur. "Symbiosis of Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium with mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium spp. improves salt tolerance in greenhouse conditions." Functional Plant Biology 32, no. 12 (2005): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp04069.

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The aim of our work was to assess the growth and mineral nutrition of salt stressed Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. and Acacia mangium Willd. seedlings inoculated with a combination of selected microsymbionts (bradyrhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi). Plants were grown in greenhouse conditions in non-sterile soil, irrigated with a saline nutrient solution (0, 50 and 100 mm NaCl). The inoculation combinations consisted of the Bradyrhizobium strain Aust 13c for A. mangium and Aust 11c for A. auriculiformis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices, DAOM 181602) and an ectomycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithus albus, strain COI 007). The inoculation treatments were designed to identify the symbionts that might improve the salt tolerance of both Acacia species. The main effect of salinity was reduced tree growth in both acacias. However, it appeared that, compared with controls, both rhizobial and mycorrhizal inoculation improved the growth of the salt-stressed plants, while inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus strain appeared to have a small effect on their growth and mineral nutrition levels. Endomycorrhizal inoculation combined with rhizobial inoculation usually gave good results. Analysis of foliar proline accumulation confirmed that dual inoculation gave the trees better tolerance to salt stress and suggested that the use of this dual inoculum might be beneficial for inoculation of both Acacia species in soils with moderate salt constraints.

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Moore, Sally. "Trituration Proving of Australian Acacias (WA)." Homœopathic Links 32, no. 03 (September 2019): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700876.

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AbstractTo date, a few Australian plants have been proven and used as homoeopathic remedies.We believe that the Australian native flora provides a yet untapped reservoir of healing potential.Four Australian Acacia species were used in the trituration: Acacias dentifera, pulchella, floribunda and longifolia.Potencies are available in the 3C, 4C and 5C range.

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Joly, HI, M. Zeh-Nlo, P. Danthu, and C. Aygalent. "Population Genetics of an African Acacia, Acacia albida. I. Genetic Diversity of Populations From West Africa." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 1 (1992): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920059.

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Acacia albida (Faidherbia albida) is an important species for agroforestry and widely distributed in Africa. This paper proposes a genetic control for 14 enzymatic systems. The eight more reliable ones, involving 10 loci, have been used to study the genetic diversity of 22 populations, mostly from west Africa. A. albida exhibits a high level of genetic diversity (H = 0.45) compared with that found in Australian acacias studied so far. Most populations exhibited a deficit in heterozygotes (FIS = 0.21). All analyses showed large differences between western and eastern populations.

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Afrianti, Nur Afni, and Tamaluddin Syam. "Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 2 (May 21, 2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i2.91-97.

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Vegetation has a strong influence on soil characteristics. Vegetation can contribute organic matter sand nutrients to the soil. This study aimed to assess soil fertility through various approaches physical and chemical soil on various types of cover crop in the arboretum area at University of Lampung, and determined the type of cover crop that had the best effect on soil fertility. The research was be conducted by a survey method, which made observations on the soil characteristics of six species of cover crops following were rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), albizia (Paraserianthes Albiziaria), acacia (Acasia mangium), fern tree (Filicium desipiens), and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Soil characteristics observed data were the physical and chemical properties, obtained by field observations, through boring profiles and soil sampling. The results showed that soil fertility on rosewood, albizia, acacia and mahogany on campus area of Lampung University had contents of soil organic C, organic matter, and soil total N higher than teak and Fern tree. Litter from Rosewood, Albizia, and acacia had the best effect on soil fertility, so they could be the best covered vegetation to improve soil characteristics related to optimal and sustainable of land management.Keyword : Acacia, albizia, arboretum, cover crop, fern tree, litter, macronutrient, mahogany, rosewood, teak, and vegetation. [How to Cite: Nur AA and T Syam. 2014. Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng. J Trop Soils 19(2): 101-107. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.101]

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Kannegiesser Schuh, Ute. "Apuntes sobre algunas acacias australianas. 1. Acacia mearnsii De Willd." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 4, no. 2 (July 6, 1990): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1990.141.

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Acacia mearnsii pertenece a la familia Mimosaceae y está estrechamente relacionada con A. decurrens, de la cual incluso durante una época fue considerada una variedad y con A. dealbata. Esta sin embargo presneta folíolos más largos, follaje plateado y legumbres más toscas.

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Abrol, D. P. "Acacia modesta." Bee World 82, no. 2 (January 2001): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2001.11099507.

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"Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1." International Journal of Toxicology 24, no. 3_suppl (May 2005): 75–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810500257170.

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These ingredients are derived from various species of the acacia plant. Only material derived from Acacia Senegal are in current use according to industry data. The concentration at which these ingredients are reported to be used ranges from 9 % in mascara to 0.0001 % in tonics, dressings, and other hair-grooming aids. Gum arabic is a technical name for Acacia Senegal Gum. Gum arable is comprised of various sugars and glucuronic acid residues in a long chain of galactosyl units with branched oligosaccharides. Gum arabic is generally recognized as safe as a direct food additive. Little information is available to characterize the extracts of other Acacia plant parts or material from other species. Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract was generally described as containing saponins, alkaloids, and malic acid with parabens and potassium sorbate added as preservatives. Cosmetic ingredient functions have been reported for Acacia Decurrens Extract (astringent; skin-conditioning agent—occlusive) and Acacia Farnesiana Extract (astringent), but not for the other Acacias included in this review. Tox-icity data on gum arabic indicates little or no acute, short-term, or subchronic toxicity. Gum arabic is negative in several genotoxicity assays, is not a reproductive or developmental toxin, and is not carcinogenic when given intraperitoneally or orally. Clinical testing indicated some evidence of skin sensitization with gum arabic. The extensive safety test data on gum arabic supports the safety of Acacia Senegal Gum and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract, and it was concluded that these two ingredients are safe as used in cosmetic formulations. It was not possible, however, to relate the data on gum arabic to the crude Acacias and their extracts from species other than Acacia Senegal. Therefore, the available data were considered insufficient to support the safety of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, and Acacia Senegal Extract in cosmetic products. The additional data needed to complete the safety assessment for these ingredients include (1) concentration of use; (2) identify the specific chemical constituents, and clarify the relationship between crude Acacias and their extracts and the Acacias and their extracts that are used as cosmetic ingredients; (3) data on contaminants, particularly relating to the presence of pesticide residues, and a determination of whether Acacia melanoxylon is used in cosmetics and whether acamelin (a quinone) and melacacidin (a flavin) are present in the Acacias that are being used; (4) skin sensitization study (i.e., dose response to be determined); (5) contact urticaria study at use concentration; and (6) ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum; if there is significant absorbance in the UVA or UVB range, then a photosensitization study may be needed. It was also noted that other data may be needed after clarification of the chemical constituents of the Acacia-derived ingredients.

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Cannon, P. F. "Ravenelia acaciae-concinnae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 176 (July 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20083265712.

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Abstract A description is provided for Ravenelia acaciae-concinnae, which sometimes causes rust symptoms on Acacia concinna. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (India (Karnataka) and Myanmar) and hosts (Acacia concinna and Acacia sinuata).

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Klock, Metha M., Hector G. Urbina, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall, and Kyle E. Harms. "Provenance of rhizobial symbionts is similar for invasive and non-invasive acacias introduced to California." FEMS Microbiology Ecology, November 17, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac138.

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Abstract Plant-soil interactions can be important drivers of biological invasions. In particular, the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (i.e. rhizobia) may be influential in invasion success. Legumes, including Australian acacias, have been introduced into novel ranges around the world. Our goal was to examine the acacia-rhizobia symbiosis to determine whether co-introduction of non-native mutualists plays a role in invasiveness of introduced legumes. To determine whether acacias were introduced abroad concurrently with native symbionts, we selected four species introduced to California (two invasive and two non-invasive in the region) and identified rhizobial strains associating with each species in their native and novel ranges. We amplified three genes to examine phylogenetic placement (16S rRNA) and provenance (nifD and nodC) of rhizobia associating with acacias in California and Australia. We found that all Acacia species, regardless of invasive status, are associating with rhizobia of Australian origin in their introduced ranges, indicating that concurrent acacia-rhizobia introductions have occurred for all species tested. Our results suggest that co-introduction of rhizobial symbionts may be involved in the establishment of non-native acacias in their introduced ranges, but do not contribute to the differential invasiveness of Acacia species introduced abroad.

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Ledin, Anna E., John D. Styrsky, and Jennifer Nesbitt Styrsky. "Friend or Foe? Orb-Weaver Spiders Inhabiting Ant–Acacias Capture Both Herbivorous Insects and Acacia Ant Alates." Journal of Insect Science 20, no. 4 (July 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa076.

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Abstract The orb-weaver spiders Eustala oblonga (Chickering) and Eustala illicita (O. Picard-Cambridge) (Araneae: Araneidae) inhabit the ant-defended acacias Vachellia melanocerus (Beurling) and Vachellia collinsii (Safford) (Fabales: Fabaceae), respectively, in Panama. These spiders do not capture patrolling Pseudomyrmex ants but exploit their plant-protection services to escape predation. What effect the spiders have on the ant-acacia mutualisms is unknown. They may provide an additional layer of plant defense by capturing flying herbivorous insects in their webs. Alternatively, the spiders may disrupt the ant–acacia mutualisms by capturing alate acacia ants during nuptial flights. We evaluated these two hypotheses by sampling insects flying through acacia foliage and by identifying prey remains in webs. The proportions of insects captured on sticky card traps and in webs varied with taxonomic order and ecological role. Herbivorous insects greatly outnumbered other groups captured on sticky cards and were captured in spiders’ webs in both acacia species but made up a minority of prey remains in webs. Instead, insect predators and parasitoids made up the majority of prey remains and were comprised primarily by alate ant mutualists of the host acacias. These results provide indirect support for both hypotheses and suggest that the spiders potentially both benefit and harm their host ant-acacia mutualisms. The net effect of spider exploitation, however, is unclear and is likely based on both the effectiveness of plant protection from herbivory provided by the spiders relative to that provided by acacia ants, as well as the overall proportion of the ant reproductive caste the spiders actually capture.

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Vélez-Gavilán, J. "Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2148.

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This datasheet on Acacia angustissima covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Further Information.

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"Acacia senegal (gum acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2405.

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"Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2207.

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This datasheet on Acacia dealbata covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information.

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"Acacia podalyriifolia (pearl acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.111976.

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"Acacia robusta (splendid acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2385.

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"Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier)." PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank Species Pages (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pwkb.species.2207.

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"Acacia paradoxa (kangaroo acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2356.

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"Acacia sieberiana (paperbark acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2407.

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"Acacia hebeclada (candle acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2268.

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Igbari, Aramide Dolapo, and Oluwatoyin Temitayo Ogundipe. "Phylogenetic patterns in the tribe Acacieae (Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) based on rbcL, matK, trnL-F and ITS sequence data." Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, May 25, 2019, 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2019.027.2.13.

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The tribe Acacieae is one of the three tribes of the distinct mimosoid clade nested within the re-circumscribed sub-family Caesalpinioideae. Many uncertainties exist with the taxonomic status of tribe Acacieae in relation to tribe Ingeae and genus Acacia. To unravel the phylogenetic patterns within Acacieae, nine members of the tribe were phylogenetically analysed employing both parsimony and Bayesian methods. Six data matrices (ITS, rbcL, matK, trnL-F, rbcL+matK+trnL-F and ITS+rbcL+matK+trnL-F) representing 46 sequences, and 2 outgroup taxa were used for the analysis. Our results are in support to some previous studies on the phylogeny of the Acacieae. It supports the polyphyly of tribe Acacieae. The monophyly of Vachellia, Senegalia and Faidherbia taxa were strongly supported at >70% bootstrap support values and >0.90 bayesian inference. An unresolved basal paraphyletic clade of Acacia auriculiformis with the outgroup taxa was shown in all the datasets, at mostly low support values. Faidherbia albida was nested within the Senegalia grade while A. auriculiformis (Acacia s.s.) was the closest taxon to the outgroup taxa. A key finding of this study is the polyphyly of Albizia and its close association with A. auriculiformis.

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Cannon, P. F. "Phyllachora acaciae var. acaciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 114 (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401133.

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Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora acaciae var. acaciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia acuifera, A. amentacea, A. coriophylla, A. farnesiana, A. gerrardii, A. macracantha, A. nilotica, A. nilotica subsp. indica, A. robusta, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, A. tortuosa, A. unijuga, A. verrucigera, A. wrightii, Acacia sp. ;? Mimosa sp., Pithecellobium sophorocarpum. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves and petioles. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Honduras, Kenya, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, South Africa, South Yemen, Sudan, Tanzania, USA (Florida, Texas), Uganda, Venezuela, Virgin Islands. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via wind dispersal of ascospores; no research is available.

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"Acacia irrorata x Acacia mearnsii." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2277.

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"Acacia leucophloea (white-barked Acacia)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2313.

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"Acacia ligulata x Acacia sclerosperma." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2305.

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"Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2321.

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Pham, Nam Q., Michael J. Wingfield, Seonju Marincowitz, Agena A. Tanga, Kumela R. Tiki, Weldesenbet B. Kassie, Brett P. Hurley, et al. "First report of the wattle rust pathogen, Uromycladium acaciae (Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales) in Ethiopia." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, August 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpad040.

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Abstract Australian Acacia species are among the most important trees planted for wood and pulp production in several African countries, including Ethiopia. In 2020, symptoms of a serious shoot and leaf rust disease were observed on black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) trees across the three main wattle growing regions of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to describe the disease and identify its causal agent based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA sequence data for the ITS and LSU regions of ribosomal DNA. Here we report for the first time, the presence of the wattle rust pathogen, Uromycladium acaciae, in Ethiopia.

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"Phyllachora acaciae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500645.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllachora acaciae P. Henn. var. acaciae. Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, ASIA, South Yemen, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican, Honduras, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acacia'

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