Journal articles on the topic 'Acacia habitat'
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Jaafar, Salwana Md, Faizah Metali, Siti Nisa Syahzanani Nafiah, Nur E’zzati Supri, Nurhazimah Ahmad, David F. R. P. Burslem, and Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri. "Differential Impacts of Acacia Invasion on Nutrient Fluxes in Two Distinct Bornean Lowland Tropical Rain Forests." Forests 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122101.
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Invasive Acacia species can alter nutrient cycling processes in forest ecosystems, particularly affecting total litterfall production and litter decomposition patterns. This study examined the effects of exotic Acacia mangium Willd. on total litterfall production, nutrient concentrations in leaf litterfall fractions, leaf litter decomposition, and nutrient release in lowland heath (HF) and mixed dipterocarp forests (MDF) in Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. Above-ground litterfall traps were installed in HF and MDF with and without invasive Acacia present, representing four habitat types in total, and monthly collections were conducted for 12 months. Litter decomposition bags were deployed to determine the rates of decomposition and nutrient release. Habitats invaded by Acacia exhibited higher total litterfall production, increased leaf litter concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium, and increased addition of all nutrients measured in litter (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, especially in the Acacia-invaded mixed dipterocarp forest (AMDF) and nitrogen and potassium in Acacia-invaded heath forest (AHF)), reduced nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies in AHF, and reduced stand-level nitrogen and calcium use efficiencies in AMDF. Litter decomposition rates and nutrient release were lower in AMDF than in the three other habitats. The significantly higher total litterfall production coupled with higher nutrient addition in the two Acacia-invaded habitats is expected to progressively increase the abilities of these habitats to produce large quantities of nutrient-rich litter and will likely eventually lead to an enrichment of nutrients in the soil, thus facilitating further invasion by Acacia, particularly in the MDF.
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Rathet, Ilyse, and Judith L. Bronstein. "Dead Acacia Thorns: An Undescribed Arthropod Habitat." American Midland Naturalist 118, no. 1 (July 1987): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2425644.
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Rico Arce, M. de Lourdes. "Nueva especie mirmecófila de Acacia (Leguminosae) de la península de Yucatán, México." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 26 (January 1, 1994): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm26.1994.686.
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Se describe una especie nueva de Acacia (Subgénero Acacia) de la Península de Yucatán, México, del grupo mirmecófilo. La especie es cercana morfológicamente y en habitat a Acacia globulifera y A. hindsii. Se proporciona una clave para la determinación de las especies afines de la Península.
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Mutuku, Paul Musili, and David Kenfack. "Effect of local topographic heterogeneity on tree species assembly in an Acacia-dominated African savanna." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 2 (March 2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000014.
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AbstractStand structure and tree species diversity patterns were examined plot-wide and among four topographically defined habitats (plateau, cliff, low plain and depressions) in a 120-ha permanent plot in an Acacia-dominated savanna in Mpala Ranch, central Kenya. The four habitats were defined by clustering the 3000 quadrats of 20 × 20 m in the plot based on their altitude, slope and convexity. Structural and floristic differences among the four habitats were examined and species-habitat associations were tested for the 30 most abundant species using torus translation randomization tests. The plot included 113 337 trees in 62 species with diameter at knee height ≥ 2 cm (18.4 species ha−1), 41 genera and 23 families. Fabaceae with the genus Acacia were the dominant family, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Ebenaceae. Tree density and basal area were twice as high on low plain and depressions than on the plateau. Species richness was highest in the cliff and was seven times higher than in the adjacent plateau. Half of the species assessed showed significant positive associations with one habitat and 21 showed significant negative associations with at least one habitat. The variation in stand structure and tree species diversity within the Mpala plot shows that topography is among the important drivers of local species distribution and hence the maintenance of tree diversity in savannas.
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Wulandari, Tiara, Arum Setiawan, and Pandu Sapta Nugraha. "The Activity of Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at Plantation Forest in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jlso.11.1.2022.473.
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Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a quite adaptive animal so it could be found in a diverse range of habitat types, one of the habitats is Plantation Forest on peatlands. This study aims to obtain the information about the activity of long-tailed macaque related to habitat utilization at Plantation The operational activities in the Plantation Forest can affect the activities of long-tailed macaque, changing of food sources, and they have a potential to attack the Acacia plants, so it’s necessary to do research about the activity of long-tailed macaque related to the habitat utilization at Plantation Forest and to acknowledge the types of plants used by long-tailed macaque for food and shelter. This research is a descriptive study and the data are obtained through a focal animal sampling method in April and May 2019 at the Plantation Forest in Sungai Penyabungan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The focal animal sampling method used at 7.00-17.00 WIB with using interval of 10 minutes. Based on the study, the long-tailed macaque used the active time to feed (24.60%), rest (25.58%), move (27.92%), and social activities (21.89%) included vocalization, agonistic, and grooming. The vegetation parts consumed by the long-tailed macaque are leaves (42.30%), fruits (34.62%), and flowers (23.08%). The vegetation used as food is Acacia crassicarpa, Melaleuca cajuputi, and Melastoma malabathricum. The plant that’s most often used as food and shelter is Acacia crassicarpa.
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J. S. Debus, S. "Breeding-habitat and nest-site characteristics of Scarlet Robins and Eastern Yellow Robins near Armidale, New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 4 (2006): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060261.
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I studied the selection of breeding habitat and nest microhabitat in Scarlet Robins Petroica multicolor and Eastern Yellow Robins Eopsaltria australis, in remnant woodland on the New England Tablelands of New South Wales in 2000?2002. Yellow Robins used breeding territories (n = 10) with significantly higher densities of rough-barked saplings, acacias and other (non-Acacia) shrubs than Scarlet Robin breeding territories (n = 10) and plots lacking Yellow Robins (n = 7). Yellow Robins nested mostly in gully and lower-slope positions, with a southerly aspect, >40 m from the woodland edge, whereas Scarlet Robins nested mostly on upper slopes and ridges, with no preferred minimum distance from the woodland edge. Most Yellow Robin nests (86% of 58) had overhead foliage within 1 m, shielding them from above, whereas over half (58% of 54) of Scarlet Robin nests were in unconcealed positions. Yellow Robin nests had significantly greater density of cover, and the surrounding habitat was more complex, than for Scarlet Robin nests, in 0.13-ha plots centred on the nest. Breeding success and fledgling survival in the Yellow Robin were positively related to the density of acacias, non-Acacia shrubs and rough-barked saplings (but not gum saplings) in breeding territories. Fledging success and juvenile survival in the Yellow Robin were also positively related to habitat complexity around nest-sites (but not distance to nearest cover, or items of cover within 20 m). Scarlet Robins had exposed nests and suffered high nest predation, with too few successful nests for comparison with unsuccessful nests. Habitat conservation for the Yellow Robin should address the complexity of the ground, shrub and sapling layer in woodland remnants; that for the Scarlet Robin may need to address foraging substrate and ecologically based control of nest predators.
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Anglister, Nili, Yoram Yom-Tov, and Uzi Motro. "The impact of Acacia saligna and the loss of mobile dunes on rodent populations: a case study in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands in Israel." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 66, no. 3-4 (August 27, 2019): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22238980-00001049.
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The Mediterranean coastal dune habitat of Israel is diminishing rapidly, mostly due to massive urbanization, changes in habitat characteristics caused by dune stabilization and the presence of Acacia saligna, an invasive species brought to Israel for the purpose of dune stabilization. In this study we document the effect of sand stabilization on the composition of small mammal communities in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands, Israel. We analyzed differences in species diversity and abundance for species of rodents in four types of habitat: unstable (mobile) sand dune, semi-stabilized dune, inter-dune depression and a plot of the invasive Acacia saligna. Rodent communities were found to undergo gradual changes concurrently with the stabilization of the sands. The mobile dune was the only habitat in which the strict psammophiles Jaculus jaculus and Gerbillus pyramidum were captured in abundance. No species commensal with human were captured neither in the mobile nor in the semi-stabilized dunes. However, in the inter-dune depression there was quite a large representation of Mus musculus, a rodent commensal with humans. The Acacia saligna plot had the lowest number of captures and the lowest rodent biomass calculated, with Mus musculus composing nearly half of the captures. The results of this study demonstrate that stabilization of the sands in Ashdod-Nizzanim area is associated with the disappearance of psammophile rodents and the appearance of species commensal with humans. In order to preserve the habitat for psammophile rodents, measures should be taken to halt the spread of acacia and the continuing stabilization of the sands.
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Parsons, Blair C., and Carl R. Gosper. "Contemporary fire regimes in a fragmented and an unfragmented landscape: implications for vegetation structure and persistence of the fire-sensitive malleefowl." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 2 (2011): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09099.
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Habitat fragmentation alters fire regimes by changing the spatial and temporal context in which fire operates, potentially altering ecosystem state and threatening taxa. In the fragmented wheatbelt of Western Australia, spatial patterns of contemporary fire and their effects on biodiversity conservation are poorly understood. We addressed this by: (1) determining if fire regimes differed between vegetation remnants of differing sizes and uncleared vegetation, using analysis of satellite imagery; (2) determining vegetation structural responses to time since fire in three habitats: mallee-shrub, Acacia shrublands and mallee-heath; and (3) exploring the consequences of these differences, using the fire-sensitive malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) as a case study. Fire was infrequent in small remnants, more frequent in large remnants, and most frequent in uncleared areas. Key vegetation structural attributes for malleefowl, such as canopy and litter cover, increased beyond 45 years post-fire in mallee-shrub, reached a plateau in mallee-heath after 30–40 years, and declined in Acacia shrublands after 25–40 years. Senescence in long-unburnt vegetation, combined with rare contemporary fires, suggest progressive decline in habitat quality of Acacia shrublands for malleefowl in the wheatbelt. In the adjacent, continuously vegetated landscapes, more frequent (and extensive) fires in structurally developing mallee-shrub communities are of concern for malleefowl conservation.
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Bobadoye, B. O., A. O. Bobadoye, and P. J. Adekola. "Implications of fragile landscapes for endemic pollinators in an eastern afro-montane biodiversity hotspot of Kenya." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 15, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v15i1.3.
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This study was carried out to determine how disturbances could shape the natural occurrence of African meliponine bee species in different ecological habitats of Taita hills of Kenya and how this could lead to changes in their diversity. Habitats sampled were indigenous forests, exotic forests, mixed highland forests, Acacia dominated bush lands, mixed deciduous woodlands and grasslands which were further categorized as either fragmented or un-fragmented habitats based on levels of disturbance. The study sites were chosen based on various features such as, forest fragment size, level of forest fragment isolation, forest fragment age, and level of degradation. In all study locations, meliponine bee species were sampled using the conventional complementary method, belt transect (direct observation of nesting colonies synonymous to a visual census) from the months of March to September 2014 (combining both the long rainy season and dry season). Nesting colonies of the 4 meliponine bee species, namely, Hypotrigona gribodoi, Meliponula ferruginea (black), Hypotrigona ruspolii and Plebeina hildebrandti, were surveyed following a successive gradient. In each study site (25 ha), 20 linear transects of 250 m × 20 m each were established using a global positioning system (GPS) receiver to mark coordinates with relation to habitat type. Data such as nesting site/substrate, GPS coordinates of nest, and names of nesting trees were recorded. A total of four species depicted by the Renyi diversity profile was recorded in five out of the six main habitat types surveyed and a further extrapolation with Shannon index (EH) also predicted the highest species richness of 4.24 in a deciduous habitat type with more trees and vegetation and the lowest species of 1.01 in isolated forest patches habitat type. These meliponine bee species (Hypotrigona gribodoi, Hypotrigona ruspolii, Meliponula ferruginea (black) and Plebeina hildebrandti) were observed to be unevenly distributed across all six sampled habitats, further indicating that mixed deciduous habitat proved to be more diverse than Acacia dominated bush lands, grasslands and exotic forest strips which have all undergone varying levels of fragmentation. This has revealed that unprecedented conversions of natural habitats leading to fragmentations of such habitats is a key driving factor causing increased habitat isolation and vulnerability in this afro-montane region which may potentially distort local assemblages of native pollinators such as meliponine bee species.
Keywords: Meliponine bees, habitat fragmentation, diversity, Eastern Afro Montane
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Thomas, Kiran, and P. O. Nameer. "Characterisation of breeding habitat of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 18993–9001. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7371.13.8.18993-19001.
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The Grizzled Giant Squirrel (GGS) Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) is a ‘Near Threatened’ and endemic giant squirrel distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka. In India, the species is distributed in more than 10 locations between Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka in the north and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu in the south. A study was conducted in the riparian habitats of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala to understand the habitat characteristics, including the drey site use of GGS. The vegetation of the GGS habitat was studied using the quadrat method, and the dreys were counted using the transects. A total of 95 species of trees were identified from the riverine vegetation, and the GGS used 36 species of trees for drey construction. Most of the dreys were found on Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus microcarpa, Diospyros ebenum, and Pongamia pinnata. However, the GGS may prefer trees such as Mitragyna parviflora, Diospyros ebenum, Ficus microcarpa, Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, and Acacia leucophloea for drey construction. The study also highlights the usage of large trees with extensive crown by the GGS for various activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and nesting, thus signifying the necessity for protecting the remaining riverine habitat at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary to ensure the long-term conservation of GGS. We recommend an urgent restoration by restocking with already existing, native tree species of the riverine habitat due to the extremely poor regeneration of trees in the riverine habitat that support the only population of the GGS in Kerala.
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Bridget. O, Bobadoye. "Forest Fragmentation Shapes Resource Partitioning for Endemic Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)." International Journal of Entomology 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2768-5209.ijen-19-2712.
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A field study was undertaken along six diverse habitat gradients of Kenya to evaluate the occurrence and underlining drivers that shape meliponine bee species diversity. These gradients ranged from continuous forest habitats (Indigenous forests, mixed forests and exotic forest patch) representing unfragmented habitats to dispersed habitats (Mixed deciduous woodlands, Grasslands dominated by perennial grasses such as Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris roxburghiana and Acacia dominated bush lands) representing fragmented habitats respectively. A total of four different species of meliponine bees were encountered with Hypotrigona gribodoi being the most abundant species, followed by Meliponula ferruginea (black), Plebeina hildebrandti and Hypotrigona ruspolii in descending order. Occurrence and diversity of Hypotrigona gribodoi, Melipona ferruginea (black), Plebeina hildebrandti and Hypotrigonaruspolii was significantly influenced by the degree of fragmentation (vegetation type) and floral diversity (P = 0.0056); the mean number of colonies recorded per study site ranged from 2.3 in dispersed habitats in the lowlands to 1.0 in continuous forest landscapes in the highlands, whereas the mean population density ranged from 2.0 to 172 colonies/25 ha-transects. The results provide substantial support to better understand interactions between habitat structure and the degree of fragmentation in linking species diversity to habitat loss.
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Bobadoye, Bridget O., Paul N. Ndegwa, Lucy Irungu, and Ayuka T. Fombong. "Vulnerable Habitats Alter African Meliponine Bee’s (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Assemblages in an Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot." International Journal of Insect Science 9 (January 1, 2017): 117954331770978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179543317709788.
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Habitat degradation has over time formed synergy with other factors to contribute to dwindling populations of both fauna and flora by altering their habitats. The disturbance of natural habitats affects the diversity of both vertebrates and invertebrates by altering both feeding and nesting sites for which organisms are known to depend on for survival. Little is known of the extent to which vulnerable habitats could shape the diversity of most indigent pollinators such as African meliponine bee species in tropical ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine how disturbance could shape the natural occurrence of African meliponine bee species in different ecological habitats of Taita Hills, leading to changes in their diversity. A total of four species depicted by the Renyi diversity profile was recorded in five of the six main habitat types surveyed, and a further extrapolation with Shannon index ( EH) also predicted the highest species richness of 4.24 in a deciduous habitat type. These meliponine bee species ( Hypotrigona gribodoi, Hypotrigona ruspolii, Meliponula ferruginea (black), and Plebeina hildebrandti) were observed to be unevenly distributed across all habitats, further indicating that mixed deciduous habitat was more diverse than acacia-dominated bush lands, grasslands, and exotic forest patches. Geometric morphometrics categorized all four meliponine bee species into two major clusters—cluster 1 ( H gribodoi, H ruspolii, M ferruginea (black)) and cluster 2 ( P hildebrandti)—and further discriminated populations against the 4 potential habitats they are likely to persist or survive in. Each habitat appeared to consist of a cluster of subpopulations and may possibly reveal ecotypes within the four meliponine populations. This has revealed that unprecedented conversions of natural habitats to agroecosystems are a key driving factor causing increased habitat isolation and vulnerability in this Afromontane region which may potentially distort local assemblages of native pollinators, such as meliponine bee species.
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Khulal, Reeta, Bijaya Neupane, Bijaya Dhami, Siddhartha Regmi, Ganesh Prasad Tiwari, and Manita Parajuli. "Habitat use and conservation threats to Wild Water Buffalo Bubalus arnee (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 12 (October 26, 2021): 19714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7584.13.12.19714-19724.
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Wild Water Buffalo (WWB) Bubalus arnee is an endangered species and a protected animal in Nepal. The remaining WWB population is located in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), and it appears to have low viability under prevailing conditions. We assessed the habitat use and conservation threats to wild water buffalo in KTWR. For habitat analysis the quadrant method was used. Eighty-four quadrants of 25 m2 for trees, 168 quadrants of 10m2 for shrubs and 336 quadrants of 1 m2 for herbs were laid out in the study area. Ivlev’s electivity index (IV) was calculated to assess the use of different habitat components. The important Value Index (IVI) was used for vegetation assessment. A relative threat ranking method was used to assess conservation threats for wild buffalo and their habitats. Wild buffalo mostly preferred habitats with distance to water resources less than 500 m (IV= 0.4), less than 25 % crown coverage (IV= 0.39) and more than 75 % ground coverage (IV= 0.42). The trees species Phyllanthus emblica, Acacia catechu, shrub species Mimosa pudica and the herb species Brachiaria distachya, Vetiveria zizanioides, Imperata cylindrica, and Saccharum spontaneum were preferred by WWB in the study area. Among the different plant categories, we found that Acacia catechu was the most preferred tree species (IVI= 156.95), Mimosa pudica the most preferred shrub species (IVI= 58.68), and Imperata cylindrica the most preferred herb species (IVI= 64.73). Major conservation threats perceived by local stakeholders for wild buffaloes were overgrazing by cattle and genetic swamping through crossbreeding with domestic buffalo. Therefore, conservation of grass species through control of grazing, and prevention of cross breeding are measures supported by this study. Additionally, site-specific conservation strategies should be adopted, based on identified threats in the study area.
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WISHNU SUKMANTORO, YOHANES, HADI S. ALIKODRA, AGUS P. KARTONO, and EFRANSJAH EFRANSJAH. "Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200126.
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Sukmantoro YW, Alikodra HS, Kartono AP, Efransjah. 2019. Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 226-235. The research on elephant distribution and habitat preference was carried out in two locations Balai Raja and Tesso Nilo, Riau Province, Indonesia on 2012-2016. Three GPS Collars were installed on one individual adult female at Balai Raja (Desma) and two individuals at Tesso Nilo (Angelina and Butet). For the elephants’ habitat, the forest cover identification was performed by spectral color analysis on the 8 ETM+ Landsat images and resulted in land cover detail on MCP (Minimum Convex Polygon), and 50% and 95% fix kernel density of movement of the elephant including in the morning, the day and the night. Based on MCP estimation, Desma habitat area was 328.86 km2, while Angelina and Butet were 632.57 km2 and 701.60 km2, respectively. Land cover in MCP indicated that the oil palm, mixed agriculture, and rubber were dominantly areas used by Desma, while acacia, forest and oil palm plantation were dominantly area used by Angelina and Butet. In habitat preferences, Desma preferred forests and swamp areas to day activity. However, Angelina and Butet selected acacia plantation, forest, infrastructures such as the mills and land opening as the location of movement. Water bodies and shrub were not widely used for the elephants’ activities. This study indicated that the pattern of habitat selection is a strategy for elephants to avoid conflict with the human. Although resources are limited, the habitat selection can reduce conflict incidence.
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Lubertazzi, David, and Gary D. Alpert. "The Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Jaragua National Park, Dominican Republic." Journal of Insects 2014 (September 2, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/104157.
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This study examined ant species richness in Jaragua National Park (Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic). Ants were sampled at 15 sites during late March and early April, 2012. Habitats sampled included dry forest, beach scrub, lakeside acacia scrub, and thorn woodland. Sixty-four species from 23 genera were collected. Species richness was higher than expected, considering only 125 species had previously been reported for all of Hispaniola. Jaragua National Park is part of the Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve. The ant species richness observed in this study suggests that the park, along with larger reserve, is successful in preserving important habitat for insects.
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Dinata, Marta, Fitridawati Fitridawati, and Lusi Dwi Putri. "The Study Trees Potential for Forest in Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru." EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol20-iss1/176.
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The location of the study of Potential tree species for Peripheral Forest Development is determined by Lancang Kuning University, which is on Yos Sudarso road KM 8 Rumbai Pekanbaru, which is a fragmented habitat. The method used is census through measurement of area, structure observation, population enumeration, measurement of three dimensions. Calculating tree species diversity (H '), Assessing the suitability criteria of a type of tree for each type of green edge path area refers to the method of analyzing an integrated research plan, the important value index for the highest vegetation is acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) with a value amounting to 73.11. Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) type of tree is less suitable. This is because the population is too high, where the debris that falls hard to decompose causes a thick pile when trampled slipperily and endangers safety, which eventually leaves litter accumulation causing soil conditions on the slopes to become soft because it is moist and has the potential to become landslides.
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Akrim, Faraz, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Siddique Awan, Siddiqa Qasim Butt, Durr-e.-Shawar ., Muhammad Arslan Asadi, and Imad-ul-din Zangi. "Habitat preference and roosting behaviour of the Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) in Deva Vatala National Park, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2016): 9138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2256.8.9.9138-9143.
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In Pakistan the Red Junglefowl is reported only from Deva Vatala National Park. The present study investigated the habitat preference and roosting behavior of the Red Junglefowl in three different habitat types which included a wild area, cultivated lands and a human settlement area. Habitat preference during the summer season comprised 87.50% wild area, 2.5% cultivated area and 10% human settlement area; during the winter season, the preference was 90% wild area and 10% human settlement area. More numbers of female birds (22) were seen during both the seasons as compared to males (17). The birds preferred old trees for roosting. A total of 16 roost sites were explored on five different tree species; including Acacia nilotica (25%), Acacia modesta (12.5%), Olea ferruginea (18.75%), Magnifera indica (25%) and Dalbergia sissoo (18.75%). The species roosted in groups of 4-8 birds and the duration of the average roosting time was about eight and half hours. We propose that similar studies on the ecology of Red Junglefowl should be conducted to get a better understanding of the species in the study area which is perquisite for its conservation.
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Zelikova, Tamara J., and Michael D. Breed. "Effects of habitat disturbance on ant community composition and seed dispersal by ants in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 3 (May 2008): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408004999.
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Abstract:Habitat alteration can have far-reaching consequences for natural communities and can alter existing species interactions in profound ways. Working in a tropical dry forest ecosystem in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica, we measured seed removals and seed dispersal distances forAcacia collinsiiand papaya seeds to determine if habitat disturbance affects ant community composition and the associated interactions between ants and seeds. Two hundred and forty experimental seed depots were observed in four sites that differed in land-use history and disturbance severity: secondary forest, forest edge,Acacia collinsiiedge, and open-pasture. Both seed removals and average dispersal distances achieved by ants differed among habitats. Habitat disturbance did not negatively affect seed removals by ants in our study; seed removals were highest in the most disturbed habitat, the open pasture (38.3% of seeds removed within 2 h). Ant community composition and the relative abundance of key seed dispersers also differed among habitats. In all sites combined, ten species of ant were observed dispersing seeds, with two species,Pheidole fallaxandEctatomma ruidum, in combination being responsible for 92% of all observed seed removals. The abundance ofP. fallaxandE. ruidumdiffered among habitats, withE. ruidumbeing the most abundant ant species collected in the open-pasture habitat andP. fallaxbeing the most abundant in the edge habitats.Pheidole fallaxants dispersed seeds significantly further (mean ± SD = 2.11 ± 1.35 m, maximum = 5.2 m) than didE. ruidum(mean ± SD = 0.7 ± 0.81 m, maximum = 3.85 m), a difference we attribute to recruitment behaviour and not body size. Habitat disturbance thus alters the ant community and the relative abundance of key seed-dispersing ant species, with cascading effects on seed removals and seed dispersal distances.
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Nyirenda, Vincent R., Ngawo Namukonde, Matamyo Simwanda, Darius Phiri, Yuji Murayama, Manjula Ranagalage, and Kaula Milimo. "Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion." Diversity 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100365.
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Rodent assemblages have ecological importance in ecosystem functioning and protected area management. Our study examines the patterns of assemblages of rodents across four habitat types (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland, grasslands and farmlands) in the savanna environment. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods were applied for data collection across the Chembe Bird Sanctuary (CBS) landscape. The Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used for exploratory data analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey–Kramer’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. The rodent assemblages in CBS significantly differed between the non-farmlands (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland and grasslands) and farmlands. There were: (1) zero rodent diversity in farmlands, dominated completely by a pest species, M. natalensis; and (2) different rodent assemblages in three non-farmland habitat types. We suggest that rodent assemblages should be mediated by conservation planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration beyond the protected area boundaries to contribute to a working CBS landscape positively.
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Bartolome, Marisa, Neville G. Walsh, Elizabeth A. James, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "A new rare species of Acacia from north-east Victoria." Australian Systematic Botany 15, no. 4 (2002): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb01033.
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A new, rare wattle, Acacia daviesii sp. nov., known from only 10 populations discovered in mountainous, subalpine habitat in north-eastern Victoria, is described and illustrated. A comparative morphological study was undertaken, based on phyllode characters measured from all 10 known populations and herbarium specimens of the five most similar Acacia species: A. acinacea, A. aspera, A. glandulicarpa, A. gunnii and A. paradoxa. The new species has a pendulous habit and resinous phyllodes covered by stalked multicellular glands. Acacia daviesii forms clones by root suckering and seed set appears to be rare. Isozyme analysis based on nine enzyme systems showed that plants within any single population are genetically identical. Variation was detected between all but two populations with only nine known genotypes in an area of 12 km2.
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Chung, A. Y. C., P. Eggleton, M. R. Speight, P. M. Hammond, and V. K. Chey. "The diversity of beetle assemblages in different habitat types in Sabah, Malaysia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 6 (December 2000): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000602.
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AbstractThe diversity of beetle assemblages in different habitat types (primary forest, logged forest, acacia plantation and oil palm plantation) in Sabah, Malaysia was investigated using three different methods based on habitat levels (Winkler sampling, flight-interception-trapping and mist-blowing). The overall diversity was extremely high, with 1711 species recorded from only 8028 individuals and 81 families (115 family and subfamily groups). Different degrees of environmental changes had varying effects on the beetle species richness and abundance, with oil palm plantation assemblage being most severely affected, followed by acacia plantation and then logged forest. A few species became numerically dominant in the oil palm plantation. In terms of beetle species composition, the acacia fauna showed much similarity with the logged forest fauna, and the oil palm fauna was very different from the rest. The effects of environmental variables (number of plant species, sapling and tree densities, amount of leaf litter, ground cover, canopy cover, soil pH and compaction) on the beetle assemblage were also investigated. Leaf litter correlated with species richness, abundance and composition of subterranean beetles. Plant species richness, tree and sapling densities correlated with species richness, abundance and composition of understorey beetles while ground cover correlated only with the species richness and abundance of these beetles. Canopy cover correlated only with arboreal beetles. In trophic structure, predators represented more than 40% of the species and individuals. Environmental changes affected the trophic structure with proportionally more herbivores (abundance) but fewer predators (species richness and abundance) in the oil palm plantation. Biodiversity, conservation and practical aspects of pest management were also highlighted in this study.
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Brooker, Belinda. "The range and habitat characteristics of the thick-billed grasswren (Amytornis textilis) in the Shark Bay region, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 3 (2000): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99041.
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The thick-billed grasswren (Amytornis textilis) has a disjunct distribution in the Shark Bay region, with one population confined to Peron Peninsula and the other further inland on Woodleigh Station and the north-eastern corner of Hamelin Station. Grasswrens were found in several vegetation types, including acacia shrublands, Triodia spinifex and the dense vegetation in drainage depressions. Vegetation characteristics that appeared important determinants of grasswren presence were recumbent acacias and low shrubs within the 0–1-m height category, and shrub clumps of high foliage density. These shrub clumps comprised climbers and recumbent low shrubs with interwoven branches, often in association with other plant species. Habitats with this shrub structure may provide the grasswren with ideal nesting sites. The possible effects of grazing and fire on this shrub structure are discussed.
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Nguyen, Dai Dac, and Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen. "Diversity and abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Phu Luong, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 8, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol8.no1.pp45-49.
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Three different habitats: secondary forest, acacia plantation, and mixed forests on limestone, were chosen to determine and compare the ant species diversity in these habitats. A total of 24 identified species and 11 morphology species belonging to 20 genera in seven subfamilies were collected using pitfall traps from June 2014 to May 2015. The Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity index indicated that the diversity was the highest in the acacia plantation (2.08), followed by the secondary forest (1.99) and lowest in the mixed forests on limestone (1.83). There are three dominant species in the habitat (I), Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola, and Odontoponera denticulate; four dominant species in the habitat (II), Odontoponera denticulata, Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus and Anoplolepis gracilipes; and only one dominant species in the habitat (III), Anoplolepis gracilipes. The species similarity (S) relatively low may be because of the difference vegetation and condition in the three habitats.
Đa dạng loài kiến trong ba môi trường sống khác nhau: rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới, rừng keo và rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi, được nghiên cứu để xác định và so sánh sự đa dạng các loài kiến trong những môi trường sống. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: sử dụng bẫy hố từ tháng 6 năm 2014 đến tháng 5 năm 2015. Đã ghi nhận được 35 loài, thuộc 20 giống, 7 phân họ. Chỉ số đa dạng loài Shannon-Wiener cho thấy rừng keo có chỉ số đa dạng cao nhất (2,08), tiếp theo là rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới (1,99) và cuối cùng là rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi (1,83). Có 3 loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (I) là Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola và Odontoponera denticulata, bốn loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (II) là Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus, Odontoponera denticulate và Anoplolepis gracilipes. Ở sinh cảnh (III) chỉ có duy nhất một loài chiếm ưu thế là loài Anoplolepis gracilipes. Chỉ số tương đồng (S) tương đối thấp có thể là do sự khác nhau ở các thảm thực vật và điều kiện sống trong ba sinh cảnh.
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Hussain, S. A., S. Asad Akhtar, and J. K. Tiwari. "Status and distribution of White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis in Kachchh, Gujarat, India." Bird Conservation International 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002343.
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SummaryThe White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis is an endemic Indian species threatened by the destruction of its Acacia scrub forest habitat. Historical and recent unpublished records are here combined to provide a new assessment of its disjunct range. Only three records exist from its southern area of distribution; against this, there were 27 sightings of up to four individuals between 1976 and 1991 at 14 localities in Kachchh. The species urgently needs measures to preserve its habitat, and particularly its nest trees.
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Smith, A. P., and M. Murray. "Habitat requirements of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) and associated possums and gliders on the New South Wales central coast." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01115.
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One of the largest known populations of the threatened squirrel glider occurs in the Wyong and Lake Macquarie regions of the New South Wales central coast. A study of the habitat requirements and density of this population was undertaken as a component in a broader study to develop a regional conservation strategy for the species. The squirrel glider was found to be widespread at an estimated average density of 0.39 animals ha–1. It was most abundant in forests and woodlands with an overstorey of winter-flowering eucalypts (Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus tereticornis) or an understorey of winter-flowering banksias (Banksia spinulosa) or pinnate-leaved acacias (Acacia irrorata). The highest estimated density (0.7 ha–1) occurred in associations of scribbly gum (Eucalyptus haemastoma or racemosa), smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata) and red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) with an understorey of Banksia spp and Xanthorrhoea spp. The lowest estimated densities occurred in forests with an understorey dominated by casuarinas or non-pinnate acacias and in stunted, low (<17 m high) forest and woodland close to the coast. The abundance of all possums and gliders increased significantly with canopy height, canopy cover, the number of mature and old-growth trees and the number of trees with hollows. Preferred habitat of the squirrel glider in this region occurs predominantly on freehold land where it is threatened by clearing for coastal development. Implementation of planning provisions to protect squirrel glider habitat on private land will be necessary to maintain the existing regional population.
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Getahun, Alemayehu, Diriba Muleta, Fassil Assefa, and Solomon Kiros. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from Degraded Habitat Enhance Drought Tolerance of Acacia (Acacia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth.) Seedlings." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (October 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897998.
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Drought stress (DS) is the most impacting global phenomenon affecting the ecological balance of a particular habitat. The search for potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) capable of enhancing plant tolerance to drought stress is needed. Thus, this study was initiated to evaluate the effect of inoculating Acacia abyssinica seedlings with PGPR isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ethiopia to enhance DS tolerance. The strains were selected based on in vitro assays associated with tolerance to drought and other beneficial traits such as salinity, acidity, temperature, heavy metal tolerances, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. The strains with the best DS tolerance ability were selected for the greenhouse trials with acacia plants. The results indicate that out of 73 strains, 10 (14%) were completely tolerant to 40% polyethylene glycol. Moreover, 37% of the strains were strong biofilm producers, while 66 (90.41%) were EPS producers with a better production in the medium containing sucrose at 28 ± 2°C and pH 7 ± 0.2. Strains PS-16 and RS-79 showed tolerance to 11% NaCl. All the strains were able to grow in wider ranges of pH (4–10) and temperature (15–45°C) and had high tolerance to heavy metals. The inoculated bacterial strains significantly ( p ≤ 0.05 ) increased root and shoot length and dry biomass of acacia plants. One of the strains identified as P. fluorescens strain FB-49 was outstanding in enhancing DS tolerance compared to the single inoculants and comparable to consortia. Stress-tolerant PGPR could be used to enhance acacia DS tolerance after testing other phytobeneficial traits.
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Sharma, Puja, Hari Adhikari, Shankar Tripathi, Ashok Kumar Ram, and Rajeev Bhattarai. "Habitat suitability modeling of Asian Elephant Elephas maximus (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Elephantidae) in Parsa National Park, Nepal and its buffer zone." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 13 (October 26, 2019): 14643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4467.11.13.14643-14654.
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Asian wild Elephant (Elephas maximus) represents one of the endangered species of large mammals in the world. The study area (Parsa National Park (PNP) and its Buffer zone (BZ)) has been used as corridor and habitat by Elephant. The study aims 1) to assess the suitable habitat of Elephant in PNP and BZ and 2) to determine which explanatory variables better explain Elephant presence in PNP. Field measurements were carried out in 67 plots for vegetation analysis. Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) was used for examining the relationship of habitat suitability of Elephant and explanatory variables for example, topographic (slope, aspect, altitude), climatic (precipitation, temperature), and biotic and abiotic factors (habitat preference, ground cover, crown cover). According to the results, the habitat suitability of Elephant is mainly explained by dominant species (29.6%), followed by temperature (17.1%), altitude (15.5%), habitat preference (11.4%), and precipitation (10%). The influence of the slope, ground cover, crown cover and substrate, was lowest in the study. Elephants were recorded up to 400 m a.s.l and in northeast and southeast aspect. The suitable habitats were in the forest dominated by Acacia catechu and Myrsine semicerate receiving precipitation about 300 mm in an area with a low slope (0-5 degree). Its presence was not related to forest cover and substrate condition. The model emphasis on environmental suitability and contributes to the conservation of Elephant in PNP and provides the basis for more advanced habitat analysis. The result from the modeling is useful to delineate the site that required specific planning and management intervention.
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Recher, Harry F., and William E. Davis Jr. "Foraging Ecology of a Mulga Bird Community." Wildlife Research 24, no. 1 (1997): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96052.
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Mulga is a distinctive woodland or shrub community with a wide distribution across the semi-arid zone of southern and central Australia. Mulga (Acacia aneura) is the dominant shrub and small tree, but other species of Acacia are common. Typical of Australian habitats in the arid zone, mulga has a core of resident bird species that is augmented by nomadic (opportunistic) species when conditions are favourable. This paper describes the foraging behaviour and habitat use of a mulga avifauna in the vicinity of Alice Springs during late winter, when many opportunistic species were present. Data were obtained for 24 species, of which 16 were confirmed as nesting. Many birds, regardless of their normal foraging habits, converged on a common food resource: a geometrid moth (Geometridae) that was abundant on mulga plants. Despite their use of a common food resource, species differed in their foraging behaviour, proportions of different substrates used, and foraging heights. Ground-foraging species dominated the avifauna, but in most respects the guild structure of the community was a scaled-down version of Eucalyptus forest avifaunas. Differences in guild structure between mulga and eucalypt forest are best explained by differences between the two habitats in the kinds of resources (e.g. foraging substrates, types of food) that are available.
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Munks, SA, R. Corkrey, and WJ Foley. "Characteristics of Arboreal Marsupial Habitat in the Semi-Arid Woodlands of Northern Queensland." Wildlife Research 23, no. 2 (1996): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960185.
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The distribution of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) within the Prairie-Torrens Creek Alluvials province of the Desert Upland region of north-western Queensland was examined. The optimum habitat for each species as indicated by the occurrence of faecal pellet groups was found to be that associated with creek-lines. However, other land types were also used by each species to varying degrees. The relationship between various habitat variables and pellet group counts was investigated using Multiple regression and a Generalised linear model. Proximity to creek-bed, total basal area of trees, species richness and Acacia basal area (negative) best explained the occurrence of koalas. Proximity to creek-bed, Acacia basal area (negative), total basal area of trees, and available water (negative) best explained the occurrence of brushtail possums. In contrast to studies of arboreal species in the moist-south-eastern forests of Australia no relationship was found between foliar nutrient concentrations and the occurrence of koalas or brushtail possums. However, a significant relationship was found between leaf water concentration and the occurrence of koalas. It is suggested that water availability is the paramount factor defining preferred arboreal habitat in arid and semi-arid woodlands.
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Williams, AJ, and CR Dickman. "The ecology of insectivorous bats in the Simpson Desert central Australia: habitat use." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 2 (2004): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04205.
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Seven species of insectivorous bats were positively identified within a regional study area in the Simpson Desert in south-western Queensland. This paper describes habitat use by this bat assemblage and the degree to which presence of water, food availability and roosting potential impact on bat activity. Bats predominantly utilised water sources, rock outcrops, dune/swale areas near woodland, dry creek lines and coolibah woodland habitats. However, they rarely used open habitats (open plain and dune/swale), acacia scrub and gidgee woodland. The bats foraged most often over water and on calmer nights, when insects were more active. Although highly active over water in some areas, bats may survive in the Simpson Desert without access to permanent water. Food availability in terms of flying insect abundance and biomass did not appear to significantly determine the use of different habitats. However, activity over the entire study area was concentrated in areas with a higher roosting potential. Consequently both tree and cave roost sites may be a limiting resource, resulting in bat activity being restricted predominantly to oases in the Simpson Desert study area.
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Hansen, Malene F., Signe Ellegaard, Maria M. Moeller, Floris M. van Beest, Agustin Fuentes, Ventie A. Nawangsari, Carsten Groendahl, et al. "Comparative home range size and habitat selection in provisioned and non-provisioned long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia." Contributions to Zoology 89, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10006.
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The effect of food provisioning on ranging patterns of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in non-anthropogenic areas is largely unknown, as most published studies have focused on urban macaques. In this study, we quantified habitat selection, daily path length and home range size in long-tailed macaques in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia, comparing a non-provisioned to a provisioned group. To track the groups, we deployed six GPS-collars on females in both groups, of which only two collected data. Home range size (90% Auto-correlated Kernel Density Estimate) was 23 times smaller for the provisioned group (10.62 ha) than the non-provisioned group (249.90 ha). Home range size and area changed from dry to wet season for the non-provisioned group. Provisioned group home range size correlated negatively with number of visitors in the national park. Daily path length was significantly higher for the non-provisioned group. The provisioned group preferred settlements, where most of the provisioning occurred, and avoided areas with invasive acacia (Acacia nilotica). The non-provisioned group also avoided invasive acacia, preferred secondary forest in the dry season and restored savannah in the wet season. Food provisioning can affect macaque spatial ecology, by shaping daily travel length and home range size, and changing patterns of habitat selection. Even tourism in a managed national park, where provisioning is strictly prohibited although not always enforced, has significant consequences for animal behaviour and their natural ecosystems.
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Galat-Luong, Anh, Jerzy J. Nizinski, and Gérard Galat. "Diet preferences of a Western giant's (Lord Derby's) eland group in a Sahelian dry habitat." Animal Biology 61, no. 4 (2011): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075511x597610.
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AbstractThe diet of the critically endangered Western giant eland (Tragelaphus derbianus derbianus Gray, 1847) has never been studied. We studied the food preferences of a Western giant eland group translocated from its native Sudanian habitat to a wildlife reserve in a Sahelian area in relation to the abundance of food in the new habitat. The study generated the first qualitative and quantitative data on this eland subspecies' diet. The translocated group fed only on 33 different plant species available in its new habitat. Isoberlinia doka, and Julbernadia sp., two species eaten by the other eland subspecies did not occur here. The food preference for most ligneous species did correspond to their high availability in the translocation area (like Acacia seyal, 32.56% versus 28.26% abundance in the new habitat, Acacia ataxacantha, 19.7% versus 17.03%, and Azadirachta indica, 7.11% versus 4.71%; only Grewia bicolor, 7.48% versus 10.14% did not). In contrast, the food preference for many herbaceous species did not, as some were preferred (like Merremia pentaphylla, 35.41% versus 11.01%, and Peristrophe bicalyculata, 2.58% versus 0.00%), and others avoided (like Corchorus tridens, 1.72% versus 2.20%, Cucumis melo, 0.43% versus 5.73%, and Abutilon ramosum, 0.21% versus 7.05%). The most eaten Cassia tora (42.7%) was also the most abundant (36.56%). Our data will provide conservation managers with information on how to protect the species' natural environment and to make appropriate management decisions with respect to the proclamation of protected areas or the identification of core zones, mainly for future (re)introduction of satellite populations.
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Habiba, Ume, Maqsood Anwar, Rukhsana Khatoon, Majid Hussain, Kamal Ahmed Khan, Sangam Khalil, Syeda Asma Bano, and Ahmed Hussain. "Feeding habits and habitat use of barking deer (Muntiacus vaginalis) in Himalayan foothills, Pakistan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e0245279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245279.
Full textAbstract:
Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis; “barking deer”) is a shy and small-sized cervid mammal, limited to the outer Himalayan foothill forests in Pakistan. Habitat characteristics were measured by locating direct and indirect signs. To quantify habitat utilization of barking deer, 80 field surveys were conducted in the study area along transects. 1200 Quadrats at 50 m intervals were deployed along these transect lines to determine microhabitat factors associated with seasonal distribution. The food composition of the barking deer was determined through fecal droppings analysis by micro-histological technique. Forty-five fecal samples of barking deer were collected from the study area (Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta National Pak); summer (28) and winter (17). The micro-histological analysis revealed that more plant species are available in its habitat during the summer season (27) as compared to winter (19). Due to browsing nature barking deer mostly feed on trees in both seasons. While shrubs are slightly higher in winters. In summer barking deer consumed 10 Trees, 6 Shrubs, 5 Herbs, and 6 kinds of grass species. Dominant tree species were Phyllanthus emblica and Acacia modesta. Dominant shrub species were Ziziphus nummularia and Justicia adhatoda. In winter barking deer consumed 8 Trees, 7 Shrubs, 3 Herbs, and 1 Grass. Dominant tree species were Bauhinia variegata and Acacia modesta while shrubs included Ziziphus nummularia and Carissa opaca.
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Alanazi, Naimah Asid, Mouna Ghorbel, Faiçal Brini, and Khalil Mseddi. "The Life Cycle of the Xylophagous Beetle, Steraspis speciosa (Coleoptera, Buprestidae), Feeding on Acacia Trees in Saudi Arabia." Life 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12122015.
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The xylophagous beetle, Steraspis speciosa, has infected Acacia forests in Saudi Arabia, causing significant damage and even leading to the death of several trees. In the Ha’il region, in the north of Saudi Arabia, an investigation of 13 study sites shows that the Acacia population is mainly composed of three species: A. gerrardii (90.3%), A. ehrenbergiana (7.5%), and A. raddiana (2.2%) and that 21.7% of this population was infected by S. speciosa. The age of the tree (young, adult, old) and environment habitat (Dam, Wadi, Plateau) effects, and insect life-cycle were studied in the protected Machar National Park. Infection in the park, estimated at 25.4%, mainly affects the oldest trees (20.1%) more than the youngest ones (2.3%), while the driest environments (Plateau, 38.8%) are more vulnerable to infection than humid habitats (Dam, 9.4%). The life cycle of S. speciosa lasts about two years, with four stages to complete metamorphosis: mating and eggs (≈3 months), larvae (≈16 months), pupae (≈3 months), and emergency and adults (≈3 months). The larvae stage with many metamorphic instars was the most harmful for tree and takes the longest. The female beetle lays its eggs on weak stem parts. Steraspis speciosa larvae feed on the stems of Acacia trees, and the instar larvae were gathered under the bark of infected stems, harming most of the phloem and a large portion of the xylem. When combined with a prolonged period of drought, S. speciosa causes the withering of numerous branches and, in extreme cases, kills the entire tree.
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Salamon-Albert, Éva, and Ferenc Horváth. "Vegetation of Külső-Somogy in Hungary III Regional diversity and pattern of abandoned fields and plant invasion." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 15 (2009): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2009.15.41.
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A systematic overview and landscape pattern of abandoned fields and plant invasion according to semi-natural habitats in Külső-Somogy are summarized based on MÉTA method. Areal distribution of abandoned fields and plant invasion was mostly overlapping, centres were revealed from the North-Western and South-Eastern parts. Dry and semi-dry grasslands (e.g. E habitats) were significant to abandoned fields and/or set of alien species, mesic deciduous woodlands (e.g. K2), dry and rocky woodlands (e.g. L2a) and bush vegetation (e.g. P2a and P2b) to the centres of plant invasion. Cover of threatened habitat types, number and ratio of invasive species were analysed and compared to national results. Average threatening of real semi-natural habitats were greater in Külső-Somogy than similar ones at national scale. Hardly threatened habitat types were among woodlands in great proportion. Most invaded semi-natural habitats are riverine shrublands and woodlands, marshes, mesic deciduous woodlands in lowlands, dry open Quercus woodlands and rocky woodlands. Dry closed Quercus woodlands, colline and montane hay meadows and euhydrophyte habitats were the least invaded groups. Among alien species Robinia pseudo-acacia, Solidago spp., Ailanthus altissima and some other species were the most significant. Prunus serotina is sporadic, Reynoutria spp. is absent in the region. By the analyses a regional order of invasive species importance was created. It is clearly verifiable that plant invasion is a more serious problem than spreading of abandoned fields in Külső-Somogy region.
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Bac, Bui Van. "INDICATOR VALUES AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF DUNG BEETLES IN TROPICAL FORESTS OF CAT BA NATIONAL PARK, HAI PHONG PROVINCE." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 13 (2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2022.13.062-070.
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Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are considered as an indicator group of habitat modifications. However, little is known about the indicative value of dung beetles for changes in tropical island karst ecosystems of Vietnam. We sampled dung beetles along the gradient of forest disturbances from primary forests to old secondary forests (> 15 years since abandonment), young secondary forests (< 10 years since abandonment) and Acacia plantations (< 10 years old) in Cat Ba National Park, Hai Phong Province. Our main aim is to detect dung-beetle species that could be used as potential indicator species of habitat changes. In total, 10 dung-beetle species were identified as potential indicator species of different forest types in Cat Ba National Park based on the indicator value (IndVal) of Dufrêne & Legendre (1997). Four species were identified as true specialists in old secondary forests including Onthophagus phanaeiformis (Boucomont, 1914), Sisyphus neglectus (Gory, 1833), Copris szechouanicus (Balthasar, 1958), and Onthophagus dorsofasciatus (Fairmaire, 1893). Three species, comprising Onthophagus sp1., Synapsis tridens (Sharp, 1881), and Onthophagus trituber (Wiedemann, 1823) could be considered as the indicator species of primary forests. Caccobius unicornis (Fabricius, 1798) and Onthophagus jeannelianus (Paulian, 1945) were indicator species of young secondary forests; Onthophagus luridipennis (Boheman, 1858) was the indicator of Acacia plantations. In the following, we gave an annotated and illustrated checklist of the indicator dung-beetle species that may be broadly useful for habitat monitoring and conservations in Cat Ba National Park.
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Coates, David J., Jane F. Sampson, and Colin J. Yates. "Plant mating systems and assessing population persistence in fragmented landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06142.
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Population size and habitat disturbance are key factors likely to shape the mating system of populations in disturbed and fragmented landscapes. They would be expected to influence the availability and behaviour of the pollinator, the ability to find mates in self-incompatible species, inbreeding in self-compatible species and the size of the pollen pool. These in turn might be expected to influence key variables critical for population persistence such as seed production, seed germination and seedling fitness. Here we investigate mating-system variation in six rare species, i.e. Banksia cuneata, B. oligantha, Lambertia orbifolia (Proteaceae), Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. fimbrilepis, Eucalyptus rameliana (Myrtaceae), Acacia sciophanes (Mimosaceae), and two common species, i.e. Calothamnus quadrifidus (Myrtaceae) and Acacia anfractuosa. All seven species are animal-pollinated relatively long-lived woody shrubs with mixed-mating systems. Population variation in mating-system parameters was investigated in relation to population size and habitat disturbance. We show that although the mating system will vary depending on pollination biology and life-history, as populations get smaller and habitat disturbance increases there is a trend towards increased inbreeding, smaller effective sizes of paternal pollen pools and greater variation in outcrossing among plants. From the species investigated in this study we have found that changes in the mating system can be useful indicators of population processes and can give valuable insight into the development of conservation strategies for the persistence of plant species following anthropogenic disturbance and landscape fragmentation.
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Rose, Clémence, Andreas Schramm, John Irish, Trine Bilde, and Tharina L. Bird. "Host Plant Availability and Nest-Site Selection of the Social Spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898 (Eresidae)." Insects 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010030.
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An animals’ habitat defines the resources that are available for its use, such as host plants or food sources, and the use of these resources are critical for optimizing fitness. Spiders are abundant in all terrestrial habitats and are often associated with vegetation, which may provide structure for anchoring capture webs, attract insect prey, or provide protective function. Social spiders construct sedentary communal silk nests on host plants, but we know little about whether and how they make nest-site decisions. We examined host plant use in relation to host plant availability in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898 (Eresidae) across different arid biomes in Namibia and analysed the role of host plant characteristics (height, spines, scent, sturdiness) on nest occurrence. Host plant communities and densities differed between locations. Spider nests were relatively more abundant on Acacia spp., Boscia foetida, Combretum spp., Dichrostachys cinerea, Parkinsonia africana, Tarchonanthus camphoratus, and Ziziphus mucronatus, and nests survived longer on preferred plant genera Acacia, Boscia and Combretum. Spider nests were relatively more abundant on plants higher than 2 m, and on plants with thorns and with a rigid structure. Our results suggest that spiders display differential use of host plant species, and that characteristics such as rigidity and thorns confer benefits such as protection from browsing animals.
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Krishnan, Vinod, Mavatur Ananda Kumar, Ganesh Raghunathan, and Sreedhar Vijayakrishnan. "Distribution and Habitat Use by Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in a Coffee-Dominated Landscape of Southern India." Tropical Conservation Science 12 (January 2019): 194008291882259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082918822599.
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Understanding the impacts of land-use mosaics on elephant distribution and the patterns of habitat use is essential for their conservation in modified landscapes. We carried out a study in 205 villages, covering 610 km2 of plantation–agriculture–forest mosaic of Hassan–Madikeri divisions in southern India, an area of intense human–elephant interactions. We monitored elephant movements, crop damage incidents, and human casualties on a daily basis for a 2-year period (2015–2017) to understand the patterns of elephant distribution across the landscape and habitat-use patterns, resulting in 1,117 GPS locations across six major habitats. Elephants were distributed across the landscape in the first year, but a high concentration of locations were noticed toward northern part of the study area during the second year, owing to clear felling of trees and installation of barriers around coffee plantations, causing an overall shift in their distribution. Investigations into habitat use by elephants revealed that during the day, elephants preferred monoculture refuges of acacia, eucalyptus, and so on, and forest fragments, avoiding reservoir, coffee, roads, and habitations. At night, agricultural lands were used more frequently while moving between refuges compared with forest fragments and habitations. Seasonally, forest fragments and agriculture were used significantly more during dry and wet, respectively. Across years, use of monoculture refuges and coffee increased with a corresponding decrease in the use of forest fragments and agriculture. In areas devoid of forest habitats, retention of monoculture refuges which provide shelter for elephants and facilitating free movement through open habitats may help minimize human–elephant conflict and promote coexistence in such land-use mosaics.
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Reichman, S. M., S. M. Bellairs, and D. R. Mulligan. "The effects of temperature and salinity on Acacia harpophylla (brigalow) (Mimosaceae) germination." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 2 (2006): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06027.
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Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. (brigalow) used to naturally occur over a range of about 50 000 km2 in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Large scale clearing for agriculture has reduced the area to less than 20 000 km2 and it is estimated that 20–25% of vertebrate fauna living in brigalow communities will become locally extinct as a result of the current clearing induced loss of habitat. Some coal mining companies in central Queensland have become interested in providing habitat for the endangered bridle nail-tailed wallaby that lives in brigalow vegetation. However, there is little known about establishment techniques for brigalow on mine sites and other disturbed ground; an understanding of brigalow biology and ecology is required to assist in the conservation of this threatened vegetation community and for re-creation of bridled nail-tail wallaby habitat in the post mining landscape. Brigalow is an unusual species of Acacia because it is not hard-seeded and germinates readily without the need to break seed-coat imposed dormancy. Germination trials were undertaken to test the ability of brigalow seed to germinate with a range of temperatures and salinity levels similar to those experienced in coal mine spoil. Optimum germination was found to occur at temperatures from 15 to 38°C and no germination was recorded at 45°C. Brigalow was very tolerant of high salt levels and germinated at percentages greater than 50% up to the highest salinity tested, 30 dS/m. Germination of greater than 90% occurred up to an electrical conductivity of 20 dS/m. The results indicate brigalow seed can be sown in summer when rains are most likely to occur, however, shading of the seed with extra soil or mulch may ensure the ground surface does not become too hot for germination. Because of its ability to germinate at high salinity levels, brigalow may be suitable for use in saline mine wastes which are common on sites to be rehabilitated after mining.
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Palmer, Todd M. "SPATIAL HABITAT HETEROGENEITY INFLUENCES COMPETITION AND COEXISTENCE IN AN AFRICAN ACACIA ANT GUILD." Ecology 84, no. 11 (November 2003): 2843–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0528.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z., N. Gambold, A. Fisher, D. Wurst, T. F. Flannery, A. P. Smith, and R. Chatto. "Distribution and habitat of the northern hopping-mouse, Notomys aquilo." Wildlife Research 26, no. 4 (1999): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97059.
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Current documentation and specimen data for Notomys aquilo are restricted to three localities: Cape York (one record from the nineteenth century), Groote Eylandt, and central Arnhem Land (one record). A field survey based on signs of N. aquilo and Aboriginal information indicated that the species occurs widely on sandy substrates of Arnhem Land. Recent observation of signs suggests that it may also persist on Cape York Peninsula. The species is reasonably common on Groote Eylandt, where it was recorded most frequently in shrublands (dominated by either Acacia spp., Hakea arborescens or Banksia dentata), but occurred also in coastal grasslands and other strand vegetation. Its abundance there is associated with the cover of hummock grass and several pea species. The conservation status of the species appears to be secure.
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Burchfield, E., N. S. Agar, and I. D. Hume. "Effects of terpenes and tannins on some physiological and biochemical parameters in two species of phalangerid possums (Marsupialia : Phalangeridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 6 (2005): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05045.
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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the short-eared possum (T. caninus) are closely related but differ in several aspects of their life-history strategy, habitat and diet preferences. Both are generalist herbivores, but T. vulpecula consumes significant amounts of Eucalyptus spp. foliage, while T. caninus instead feeds mainly on Acacia spp. Eucalypt foliage is protected against herbivory by several classes of plant secondary compounds, including terpenes and tannins, while acacia foliage is protected mainly by tannins. We compared the responses of these two possum species to the addition of either sesquiterpenes or a hydrolysable tannin to a basal diet free of these compounds. In both species, sesquiterpenes tended to reduce food intake, and increased plasma concentrations of albumin and decreased concentrations of bicarbonate, the latter consistent with changes in acid–base balance. Tannic acid significantly depressed food intake in both species, and depressed plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium and chloride, consistent with dehydration. T. vulpecula increased urinary glucuronic acid excretion three-fold in response to dietary sesquiterpenes but there was no increase in T. caninus. T. vulpecula had five- to six-fold greater plasma concentrations of bilirubin, a potent antioxidant, than did T. caninus across all treatments. Results suggest that T. vulpecula can better withstand the detrimental effects of plant secondary compounds, consistent with its wider spectrum of foods and broader habitat preferences.
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Shaikh, Jawed, Ashfaque Mehboob Khan, and Mirza Mushtaq Vaseem Baig. "Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic fungi associated with Leaves of Acacianilotica." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 18, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2913.
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Fungal endophytesare colonized in different part of the plants and play important role in survival of plants in stressful habitat. In search of potential endophytic fungito produce bioactive metabolites inthis study we investigate thediversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of the Acacia nilotica plant. Twenty-six endophytic fungi were subjected to morphologicaland molecular identification with internal transcribes spacer (ITS) region sequenced. All 26 endophytic fungi were divided into nine genera Chaetomium, Amesia, Ovatospora, Penicillium, Phialemonium, Colletotrichum, Crinipellis, Acrophialophora, Cribbea. Most of them belonged to the phylum Ascomycota only one belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. This study shows that Acacia leaves inhabitant by diverse group of endophytic fungi. The biodiversity analysis showed Chaetomium sp. Being dominant with the highest colonization frequency (26.9%). One of the Chaetomium sp. showed sequence similarity of93% with the species reported earlier, Further investigationsarein needed to harness the bioactive compounds.
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Pejchar, Liba, Karen D. Holl, and Julie L. Lockwood. "HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPER HOME RANGE SIZE VARIES WITH HABITAT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIVE ACACIA KOA FORESTRY." Ecological Applications 15, no. 3 (June 2005): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-0577.
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Zavala, Miguel A., and Ricardo M. Holdo. "Delayed effects of fire on habitat use by large herbivores in Acacia drepanolobium savanna." African Journal of Ecology 43, no. 2 (May 2005): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00552.x.
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SHAW, PHILIP, and ELIAS MUNGAYA. "The status and habitat of Karamoja Apalis Apalis karamojae in the Wembere Steppe, Sukumaland, Tanzania." Bird Conservation International 16, no. 2 (June 2006): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270906000049.
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Karamoja Apalis Apalis karamojae is a globally Vulnerable warbler, restricted to north-east Uganda, north-central Tanzania and southern Kenya. Here, we describe its status and habitat in the Wembere Steppe, Sukumaland, Tanzania, an unprotected area of seasonally inundated grassland bordered partly by Acacia scrub. Although its habitat in the steppe was thought likely to span c. 175 km north–south during the 1960s to 1970s, we found the apalis to be patchily distributed over a distance of only 102 km north–south. Distance sampling yielded a density estimate of c. 7–16 birds km−2; equivalent to c. 3–7 pairs km−2, after juveniles (18% of the population) were excluded, and assuming that all adults were paired. The species occupied a very narrow foraging niche, feeding almost exclusively in Whistling Thorn Acacia drepanolobium, which accounted for 66% of woody stems in the study area, but for 95% of stems in the immediate vicinity of apalis sightings. Half of all individuals were encountered in the tallest, densest stands of A. drepanolobium, which covered less than 6% of the study area. Signs of scrub clearance, pruning and browsing were widespread in the steppe, and may have intensified during 1967–2002, when the human population in surrounding districts increased at a mean rate of c. 2–4% per year. Further research is required to determine whether our findings are representative of the species in other seasons and at other sites.
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MEZGHANI, IMED. "USING EXOTIC SHRUBS AS A RESTORATION TOOL IN TUNISIAN ARID AREAS: EFFECTS ON UNDERSTOREY VEGETATION AND SOIL NUTRIENTS." WOOD RESEARCH 67(6) 2022 67, no. 6 (December 13, 2022): 1046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.6.10461055.
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In this study, the effects of exotic and native shrubs Acacia salicinaand Retama raetamon understory vegetation and soil properties were assessed. Two sub-habitats, acanopied and anun-canopied sub-habitat (open grassland), were distinguished for each shrub species. Soil moisture was measured in both sub-habitats at 10 cm depth, and soil samples collected from theupper 10 cm soil, excluding litter and stones. Aboveground biomass, species density and species richness were also estimated. The soil organic matter, total N and extractable P were significantly higher under shrubs than open areas at all soil water contents. Soil water content did not differ significantly between studied shrubs. Aboveground biomass, species richness and the density of perennial species were significantly higher under shrub canopiesthan open areas. Among the two studied shrubs species, Retama raetamdisplayed the strongest positive effect, but without significant differences, on the understory vegetation. From this perspective, exotic shrubs can be regarded as a powerful and promising candidate that can be invested in not only theelaboration of multiple restoration programs but also in the generation of islands of resources.
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Widodo, W. "STUDI PENDAHULUAN DAERAH PENYEBARAN, POPULASI, DAN HABITAT BETET JAWA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.12.2.20075.
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On April and September 2006, preliminary study to know the distribution, population status and habitat of the Javan moustached parakeets (Psittacula alexandri alexandri Linnaeus 1758) were conducted in the Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks (East Java) and in the Tilu Geder Mountain Forests and in the Darmaga IPB Campus Parks (West Java). Direct and indirect observations were used in this research. The results are found only 2 individuals of birds in the Darmaga IPB Campus Parks. However, 45 species of plants were recorded as the natural food resources for the Javan moustached parakeets in the fields. Almost 60 percent parts of plants i.e., fruits were food by birds, even if those birds are more frugivorous. Some species of plants were known as the nesting trees for the species, namely: Tectona grandis, Acacia lecophloea, Azadirachta indica, Tetrameles nudiflora and Eucalyptus deglupta. The Javan moustached parakeets have needed mangrove forests, beach forests, evergreen forests and old teak forests for their activities. The population and their habitat of javan parakeets are threatened by forest fragmentation effects and over hunting.
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Paz-Kagan, Tarin, Micha Silver, Natalya Panov, and Arnon Karnieli. "Multispectral Approach for Identifying Invasive Plant Species Based on Flowering Phenology Characteristics." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080953.
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Invasive plant species (IPS) are the second biggest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss. Since the spatial extent of IPS is essential for managing the invaded ecosystem, the current study aims at identifying and mapping the aggressive IPS of Acacia salicina and Acacia saligna, to understand better the key factors influencing their distribution in the coastal plain of Israel. This goal was achieved by integrating airborne-derived hyperspectral imaging and multispectral earth observation for creating species distribution maps. Hyperspectral data, in conjunction with high spatial resolution species distribution maps, were used to train the multispectral images at the species level. We incorporated a series of statistical models to classify the IPS location and to recognize their distribution and density. We took advantage of the phenological flowering stages of Acacia trees, as obtained by the multispectral images, for the support vector machine classification procedure. The classification yielded an overall Kappa coefficient accuracy of 0.89. We studied the effect of various environmental and human factors on IPS density by using a random forest machine learning model, to understand the mechanisms underlying successful invasions, and to assess where IPS have a higher likelihood of occurring. This algorithm revealed that the high density of Acacia most closely related to elevation, temperature pattern, and distances from rivers, settlements, and roads. Our results demonstrate how the integration of remote-sensing data with different data sources can assist in determining IPS proliferation and provide detailed geographic information for conservation and management efforts to prevent their future spread.