Journal articles: 'Abused women'

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Karp, Stephen A., Robert W. Holmstrom, David E. Silber, and Lisa J. Stock. "Personalities of Women Reporting Incestuous Abuse during Childhood." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (December 1995): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.955.

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Previous studies of adult females reporting incestuous sexual abuse in childhood, using the Apperceptive Personality Test and Draw-a-Person Questionnaire, indicated abusees attributed more negative traits to their characters than did controls. No differences were found by type of abuse or relation to the abuser. In these studies abusees and controls were obtained from different sources, although matched on several characteristics. The present study compared 79 incestuous abusees to 79 matched controls all drawn from the same subject pool. Multivariate analysis of variance identified significant differences between the groups. In contrast with earlier studies questionnaire scores distinguished rape victims from those abused without rape and distinguished those abused by older relatives from those abused by peers in two additional multivariate analyses of variance.

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Cramer, Elizabeth, Judith McFarlane, Barbara Parker, Karen Soeken, Concepcion Silva, and Sally Reel. "Violent Pornography and Abuse of Women: Theory to Practice." Violence and Victims 13, no. 4 (January 1998): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.4.319.

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To examine violent pornography use and associated violence against women, an ethnically stratified sample of 198 abused women were asked about their partners’ use of pornographic materials, and if they had been asked or forced to look at, act out, or pose for pornographic scenes or pictures. Overall, 40.9% of the women reported the abuser used pornographic material, with the proportion significantly higher for Whites (58.7%), compared to Blacks (27.1 %) or Hispanics (38.5%). When groups were formed according to the abuser’s use of pornography and associated involvement of the woman, violence scores as measured on the Index of Spouse Abuse, Danger Assessment, and Severity of Violence Against Women scales were significantly higher (p = <.001) for women reporting the abuser requested or forced her to look at, act out, or pose for pornographic scenes. Severity of violence was not related simply to whether or not the abused used pornography. This analysis is a beginning step toward understanding how pornography influences woman abuse.

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Singh, Rashmee D. "In Between the System and the Margins: Community Organizations, Mandatory Charging and Immigrant Victims of Abuse." Canadian Journal of Sociology 35, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs6786.

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The literature on mandatory charging and prosecution policies consistently finds that zero tolerance approaches to woman abuse often harm, rather than help, abused immigrant women. The unexpected removal of abusers triggers detrimental consequences if women are dependent on their partners for immigration status, financial assistance and linguistic support. The violence that immigrant women experience at the hands of the police and courts has led to repeated calls to shift the responsibility of women abuse from the criminal justice system to the community. However, accessing community supports may not be so straightforward either. For a variety of reasons, many abused immigrant women find silence less risky than disclosing abuse. These dilemmas highlight the importance of acquiring more insight into the mediating role that community organizations perform between the criminal justice system and immigrant communities. Accordingly, the following exploratory study offers a glimpse into the anti-violence work of immigrant community organizations in Toronto, Ontario.

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Bryant, Susan L., and Lillian M. Range. "Suicidality in College Women Who Were Sexually and Physically Abused and Physically Punished by Parents." Violence and Victims 10, no. 3 (January 1995): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.10.3.195.

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In order to ascertain if physically abused, sexually abused, physically punished, and nonabused/nonpunished women students reported different levels of suicidality, 182 women completed measures of suicidality, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical punishment. Women who reported sexual abuse were more suicidal than all other groups, and those physically abused were more suicidal than those nonabused/nonpunished. In a multiple regression, sexual abuse accounted for the most variance in suicidality (15%). Apparently women who report sexual or physical abuse, but not ordinary physical punishment alone, are at greatest risk for suicide.

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HUTCHISON, IRA W., and J. DAVID HIRSCHEL. "Abused Women." Violence Against Women 4, no. 4 (August 1998): 436–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801298004004004.

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Limoncin, Erika, Caterina Solano, Giacomo Ciocca, Daniele Mollaioli, Elena Colonnello, Andrea Sansone, Filippo Maria Nimbi, Chiara Simonelli, Renata Tambelli, and Emmanuele Angelo Jannini. "Can Physical and/or Sexual Abuse Play a Role in the Female Choice of a Partner? A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186902.

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The present study aims to evaluate the relationship in women between a history of physical/sexual abuse and the preferences regarding the choice of a partner for a short/long-term relationship in terms of male facial dimorphism, and to assess their sexual functioning. We enrolled 48 abused women and 60 non-abused women. Facial preferences were evaluated with the Morphing test. Sexual functioning was measured with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Regarding the choice for a short-term partner, abused and non-abused women did not show any differences, and both groups chose a less masculine male face. On the other hand, regarding the choice for a long-term partner, abused women showed a preference for an average male face, whilst non-abused women preferred a less masculine face. The sexual functioning of abused women was found significantly dysfunctional in all domains of the FSFI. These data, generated from a small but highly selected cohort, demonstrated that physical/sexual abuse may be associated with a more rational and conscious choice of a male partner for a long-term relationship, but not with an instinctive one, as the choice of an occasional partner. In addition, the sexual functioning of abused women appears to be compromised by the traumatic experience.

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Kanamori, Mariano, Mario De La Rosa, Jessica Weissman, Patria Rojas, Maria Elena Villar, Mary Jo Trepka, Frank Dillon, and Maritza Jaramillo. "Associations between drug/alcohol use and emotional abuse: Who perpetrates emotional abuse against Latina women?" Journal of Epidemiological Research 2, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n1p95.

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Emotional abuse is the most prevalent form of violence against Latinas. We examined dimensions and characteristics of Latino mothers’ and daughters’ exposure to emotional abuse and the associations between emotional abuse and heavy alcohol use and illicit drug illicit substance abuse. This 5-year longitudinal study included 112 Latino mothers and 121 Latino daughters. Analyses included: chi-square test and logistic regression. The proportion of women who reported being emotionally abused at Wave 2 but who did not report any emotional abuse during Wave 1 (5 years total) was 21.2% for daughters and 14.3% for mothers. Among emotionally abused women, 33.3% of mothers and 36.1% of daughters were abused by 2 or more people. Almost half of the mothers (48.0%) were emotionally abused by their son/daughter; 36.1% of daughters were emotionally abused by their mother. Mothers who abused drugs were more likely to be emotionally abused (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.32, 11.34). Our findings suggest that attention should be given to emotional abuse and its potential for leading to substance abuse among Latinas.

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8

Constantino, Rose E., L. Kathleen Sekula, Bruce Rabin, and Clement Stone. "Negative Life Experiences Negative Life Experiences, Depression, and Immune Function in Abused and Nonabused Women." Biological Research For Nursing 1, no. 3 (January 2000): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040000100304.

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Abuse of women by their intimate partner is a staggering national problem. Abused women have a higher number of medically unexplained somatic symptoms, more functional disability, a lower selfrating of general health, and higher health care utilization when compared to nonabused women. The authors’ purpose in this study was to examine differences in occurrences of negative life experiences, level of depression, and T-cell function between abused and nonabused women. The sample consisted of abused women ( n = 12) and nonabused women ( n = 12). Hypotheses tested were (1) abused women will have more negative life experiences than nonabused women, (2) abused women will have higher levels of depression than nonabused women, and (3) abused women will have reduced T-cell function compared to nonabused women. A cross-sectional cohort design was used to compare differences in negative life experiences, levels of depression, and T-cell function. Independent samplet -tests were performed comparing the abused versus nonabused women on the dependent measures. Significant differences were found between the groups for negative life experiences (LES;t = 2.29,p < 0.05), level of depression (BDI;t = 3.48,p < 0.01), and T-cell function (TMR;t = –5.62,p < 0.01). These findings are descriptive and do not establish causal links. However, this is an inquiry into the psychological and biobehavioral responses of women experiencing abuse and their potential health problems. The study shows that abused women reported more negative life experiences, experienced higher levels of depression, and experienced lower T-cell function when compared with nonabused women.

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9

Lagunathan, Sharmilaa. "Battered woman syndrome and PTSD in women who kill their abusing partner: a study in medical jurisprudence." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.708.

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AimsThe aim of the study was to identify any symptoms or features of Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that may be associated with, or explain, abused women killing their abuser; and the extent to which such identified symptoms or features have been deemed, or are potentially relevant, to past and now reformed partial defences to murder in English law. Hence two sub-studies were completed.MethodThe first sub-study identified mental symptoms of BWS or PTSD apparent in battered women who kill their abuser; achieved by identifying relevant research papers, through applying a ‘rapid review’ approach to three databases: PubMed, PsychInfo and PsychArticles. The second sub-study identified by legal research reported Court of Appeal (CA) judgments on women appealing their conviction of the murder of their abusive partner. It then analysed the legal approach taken towards evidence of the effects of abuse upon these women before and after relevant statutory law reform (although no CA cases were identified post-reform).ResultThe first sub-study identified and reviewed six symptoms or features, within three quantitative and three qualitative studies, that appeared to be associated with, or described by, abused women killing their abuser. These included helplessness, symptoms associated with PTSD, plus fear, isolation, experience of escalation of violence and cycle of violence. From the CA cases the perpetrators of killings that occurred prior to 04.10.2010 (the date of law reform) were usually successful in having their conviction overturned based upon diminished responsibility; but not provocation, because of the requirement of ‘sudden loss of self control’. ‘Loss of control’, which replaced provocation, appears highly likely to be capable of reducing murder to manslaughter based upon symptoms of BWS, or PTSD. However, the amended defence of diminished responsibility is likely to exclude evidence of BWS, but allow evidence of PTSD, because of its requirement of the defendant suffering from ‘a recognised medical condition’.ConclusionThis study demonstrated particular symptoms or features of BWS or PTSD associated with abused women killing their abusers plus their very different relevance to two partial defences to murder, pre and post law reform.

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10

Breiner, Sander J. "Observations on the Abuse of Women and Children." Psychological Reports 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.1.153.

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From ancient times to the present the abuse of women and children has occurred in societies that have had a structure hostile to other societies (e.g., war is glorified), hostile punitive attitudes to its own population (e.g., few civil liberties and rejection of the underclass), and depreciation of women. The psychological characteristics of the abusers show depression, poor impulse control, and difficulty in loving. Psychological characteristics of the abused include depression and feeling unloved. The abused, depressed little girl grows up to be the depressed mother. Therefore, short-term planning will produce little or no benefit. Attention must be paid to the most important person in the world, the mother-to-be, the newborn female child.

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11

Al Taifi, Hatoon A., Abdullah H. Alqahtani, and Nourah H. Al Qahtani. "Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Saudi Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Attitudes." International Journal of Risk and Recovery 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i1.3924.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has become a focus of attention in recent years, owing to its relatively high prevalence, its impact on maternal and fetal health, and its cumulative effects over time. This study aims to determine the magnitude and characteristics of IPV among pregnant Saudi Arabian women, to identify the factors that increase the risk, and to assess the willingness of abused women to report IPV. This is a cross-sectional, community-based survey of pregnant women in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A modified Abuse Assessment Score (AAS) questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic data were collected. Data related to willingness to report IPV, including reasons for declining to report IPV, were also collected. A total of 1,330 women completed the three parts of the survey. In total, 345 (25.9%) women reported emotional abuse during pregnancy, whereas 72 (5.4%)reported physical abuse and 180 (13.5%) reported sexual abuse. In emotional abuse, a significant association was found between having more children (p = .001), having a lower education (p = .05), having a lower income (p = .04), and being abused. In physical abuse during pregnancy, no significant associations were found between all variables and being abused. However, in reporting sexual abuse among women during pregnancy, a significant increase in the risk was found in those with four or more children (p = .01) and those who are employed (p = .01). More than two-thirds (71.2%) of abused pregnant women were unwilling to report the abusive acts to a medical authority. IPV is common among pregnant Saudi women. Emotional abuse is the commonest form of IPV, affecting one in four women. More than two-thirds of abused women were unwilling to report their partner’s abusive acts. Screening for IPV may encourage women to seek help and improve both maternal and fetal health.

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12

Kilbane, Teresa, and Marcia Spira. "Domestic Violence or Elder Abuse? Why it Matters for Older Women." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 91, no. 2 (April 2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3979.

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Law enforcement and legal services are 2 systems that respond to reports of abuse against women through programs such as adult protective services (APS) and domestic violence (DV). APS and DV systems operate independently and define the cause of the abuse differently. The designation of a woman as having suffered domestic violence or having been abused often depends on which system she enters. This designation can lead to different options for women to obtain services. Aging may further complicate access and usability of these systems to respond to the needs of abused elderly. Using vignettes, this article explores the definitions of abuse and highlights specific concerns of aging that impact usefulness of services.

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Ahmed, Assist Instructor Shirin Kamal. "The Spousal Abuse of Women in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 224, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v224i1.251.

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This research plans to focus on the spousal abuse of women in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. Susan Glaspell (1876-1948) is one of the remarkable American female playwrights whose main literary concern is focusing on women issues. The drama of Trifles is considered her master piece in which she sympathises with the American abused women and speaks up for them. American woman is still suffering from spousal abuse but in the early 20thcentury this problem was ignored, excused or denied because women did not have their legal rights and were treated as being inferior than men. The system then gave men the authority over women in all aspects of society even at home. When speaking about abused women, critics’ main concern is the physical effects of the abuse ignoring other types of the spousal abuse, their impacts and consequences. Through her realistic drama of Trifles, Glaspell exposes different types of spousal abuse which are important as the physical onesince they have bad impact on the victims. This research will analysethe types of spousal abuse in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles, their impact and consequences.

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14

Fitzgerald, Amy J., Betty Jo Barrett, Rochelle Stevenson, and Chi Ho Cheung. "Animal Maltreatment in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Manifestation of Power and Control?" Violence Against Women 25, no. 15 (February 4, 2019): 1806–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218824993.

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This study tests the theoretically informed assumption that intimate partner violence (IPV) and animal abuse so frequently co-occur because animal maltreatment is instrumentalized by abusers to harm human victims. Using data from a survey of abused women in Canadian shelters, we find that threats to harm “pets,” emotional animal abuse, and animal neglect are clearly perceived by these survivors as being intentionally perpetrated by their abuser and motivated by a desire to upset and control them; the findings related to physical animal abuse are not as straightforward. Building on these findings, we propose a more nuanced theorizing of the coexistence of animal maltreatment and IPV.

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15

Brophy, Alfred L. "Note on an MMPI-2 Scale of Early Sexual Abuse." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3 (December 1997): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.752.

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The mean of 191 female psychiatric inpatients on the Griffith, Myers, and Tankersley (1996) MMPI-2 scale of childhood sexual abuse was compared with means of 2 community samples (58 sexually abused women and 57 nonabused women). The mean of the patients was substantially larger than that of the nonabused women but slightly larger than that of the abused women. The scale may measure general maladjustment or psychopathology instead of, or in addition to, specific sequelae of sexual abuse. Further investigation is necessary to cross-validate the scale in community samples and to examine whether scores differentiate abused and nonabused women in clinical samples. This note illustrates use of an archival data set with results of recent research.

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Baker, Brenda M. "Provocation as a Defence for Abused Women Who Kill." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 11, no. 1 (January 1998): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001740.

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After the decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in Lavallee, Canadian women who are victims of serious domestic abuse have been able to invoke an ‘enlarged’ conception of self-defence to exonerate some acts of killing abusers. While concern remains about Lavallee, this judgement broke important ground in insisting on a more sensitive account of the actual experience of abused women, and in giving recognition to the reasonable fears that such women have for their lives. However, other than self-defence, there is no criminal law defence or plea that has been effective as a (partial) excuse or justification for killings by abused women. In this paper, I will consider the potential for a plea of provocation to serve such a role. Provocation has acquired some standing in other jurisdictions as a defence for abused women who kill but it has not as yet been effectively used in Canada. I will look at the appropriateness of provocation as a plea in some abuser homicides. The paper will discuss some ways in which the plea of provocation could be enlarged in scope and in normative power; the paper will also examine some shortcomings of the current understanding of provocation to serve a defence for women who kill. Since homicides by women make up a small fraction of all homicides, even a reformed defence of provocation would be rarely used. But the more important question is whether a plea which has been available to men for several centuries should not also be (much more) available to women who kill, and whether closer attention to the situations and perspectives of women in abusive relationships yields good grounds for thinking some kill as excusable or reasonable responses to serious provocation. The underlying concern is an equality concern; that women have equal access to suitable defences for their putative breaches of the criminal law, and that standards of reasonableness operative in criminal case deliberation be as responsive to women’s experience and women’s values as they are to men’s.

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Willson, Pam, Judith McFarlane, Dorothy Lemmey, and Ann Malecha. "Referring Abused Women: Does Police Assistance Decrease Abuse?" Clinical Nursing Research 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/c10n1r7.

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To evaluate if abused women's use of the police reduced further violence experienced, 90 abused women were interviewed at a large urban police department and followed for 6 months. Frequency and severity of violence as well as danger of homicide were measured before and at 3 and 6 months after women sought police help. Women seeking police help had significantly reduced threats of abuse (F = 124.62, df = 2,81, p < .0005), actual abuse (F = 90.11, df = 2,81, p < .0005), and danger of being killed (F = 188.69, df = 2,81, p < .0005) by her intimate partner. Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that significantly fewer threats of abuse, physical abusive acts, and risk indicators for homicide had occurred from prefiling to 3 months (p < .0005) and prefiling to 6 months (p < .0005). The data indicate that referring abused women to the police is an appropriate intervention.

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Anonymous. "Empowering abused women." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, no. 6 (June 1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19980601-03.

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19

Vinton, Linda. "Abused Older Women:." Journal of Women & Aging 3, no. 3 (November 26, 1991): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v03n03_03.

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20

Berghout, Caspar, Joost van Ginkel, Nikolaj Groeneweg, Han Israels, Arnoud Kas, Ulrike Lesniewski, and Jeannette van Stempvoort. "Should Subjects Be Forewarned of the Possible Psychological Consequences of Filling Out a PTSD Questionnaire?" Psychological Reports 90, no. 2 (April 2002): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.2.461.

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In 1993 Albach investigated the long-term consequences of sexual abuse on psychological health. A group of abused women and a control group of non-abused women were asked to fill in a questionnaire assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For ethical reasons, the abused women were warned that filling in the questionnaire might be emotionally stressful. The control group did not receive this warning. The abused women scored higher on the questionnaire than the non-abused women. The warning they received may have influenced their reports. Our experiment investigated this 101 psychology students were divided into two groups, one who received a warning and a control group who did not. The hypothesis was that people who had been previously warned would score higher on a PTSD questionnaire than people who had not. There were, however, no significant differences in mean PTSD scores and no known initial differences between groups.

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Cloitre, Marylene, Lisa R. Cohen, and Polly Scarvalone. "Understanding Revictimization Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: An Interpersonal Schema Approach." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 16, no. 1 (March 2002): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.16.1.91.63698.

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Revictimization among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse was investigated within the context of a developmental model of interpersonal schemas. Data from the Interpersonal Schema Questionnaire (ISQ) revealed contrasting schema characteristics among sexually revictimized women (those sexually abused in childhood and sexually assaulted in adulthood) (n = 26), compared to those only abused in childhood (n = 18), and those never abused or assaulted (n = 25). Both revictimized women and never victimized women significantly generalized their predominant parental schemas to current relationships and differed only in the content of the schemas. The generalized parental schema of revictimized women viewed others as hostile and controlling while that of never victimized women viewed others as warm and noncontrolling. Women who had only been abused in childhood held schemas of parents as hostile but not controlling and did not generalize from parental to current schemas. The tendency to generalize observed in the first two groups suggest that “repetition compulsion” is not limited to those who were traumatized and are psychologically distressed. In this article, reasons for the absence of generalization among the childhood abuse only group are explored and implications for the treatment of childhood trauma survivors are discussed.

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Rollstin, Amber O., and Jeffrey M. Kern. "Correlates of Battered Women's Psychological Distress: Severity of Abuse and Duration of the Postabuse Period." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (April 1998): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.387.

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Although psychological disturbances among abused women are well documented, it is unclear whether such disturbances are a reaction to the abusive experience. The present study hypothesized that, if the disturbances are a reactive state, the severity of disturbance would be related to the time since the relationship ended as well as the severity of the psychological and physical abuse experienced. Participants were 50 abused women who completed valid MMPI-2s and revised Conflict Tactic Scales. The results indicated that MMPI-2 scores were significantly correlated with both types of abuse but not with duration of time since the abusive relationship was terminated. The MMPI-2 profiles of abused women and suggestions for research are discussed.

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Blount, William R., Ira J. Silverman, Christine S. Sellers, and Robin A. Seese. "Alcohol and Drug Use among Abused Women Who Kill, Abused Women Who Don't, and Their Abusers." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400201.

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Interviews were conducted with forty-two women with extensive abuse histories who had killed their intimates and fifty-nine women with similar abuse histories who were in shelters for battered women. Controlling for demographic and other differences, analyses indicated that alcohol and other drug use ably distinguished between the two groups of women (correctly classifying 89% of the cases), and that alcohol use was more salient than other drug use. The partner's alcohol use and the respondent's alcohol use were significantly higher among the intimate homicide group, suggesting an association between intimate homicide and alcohol use. Alcohol counseling should, therefore, be a significant part of programs for both battered women and for men who batter.

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Beeble, Marisa L., Deborah Bybee, and Cris M. Sullivan. "Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners." European Psychologist 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54.

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While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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Maddoux, John, Lene Symes, Judith McFarlane, Anne Koci, Heidi Gilroy, and Nina Fredland. "Problem-Solving and Mental Health Outcomes of Women and Children in the Wake of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/708198.

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The environmental stress of intimate partner violence is common and often results in mental health problems of depression, anxiety, and PTSD for women and behavioral dysfunctions for their children. Problem-solving skills can serve to mitigate or accentuate the environmental stress of violence and associated impact on mental health. To better understand the relationship between problem-solving skills and mental health of abused women with children, a cross-sectional predictive analysis of 285 abused women who used justice or shelter services was completed. The women were asked about social problem-solving, and mental health symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD as well as behavioral functioning of their children. Higher negative problem-solving scores were associated with significantlyP<0.001greater odds of having clinically significant levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and somatization for the woman and significantlyP<0.001greater odds of her child having borderline or clinically significant levels of both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. A predominately negative problem-solving approach was strongly associated with poorer outcomes for both mothers and children in the aftermath of the environmental stress of abuse. Interventions addressing problem-solving ability may be beneficial in increasing abused women’s abilities to navigate the daily stressors of life following abuse.

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Al-Modallal, Hanan, Hasan Al-Omari, Shaher Hamaideh, and Tariq Shehab. "Childhood Domestic Violence as an Ancestor for Adulthood Mental Health Problems: Experiences of Jordanian Women." Family Journal 28, no. 4 (March 18, 2020): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480720909845.

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This study was conducted to explore the relationship between women’s history of experiencing different types of abuse during childhood and development of mental health problems in adulthood. A convenience sample of 409 women recruited from health care centers in Jordan provided data for the study. One-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance was implemented. Results indicated absence of statistically significant differences in mental health problems between physically abused and sexually abused women compared to their counterparts. Further, a statistically significant difference in mental health was found between women who experienced emotional abuse and childhood neglect compared to their counterparts (Wilks’ lambda for emotional abuse = .914, p < .0001; Wilks’ lambda for childhood neglect = .83, p < .0001). Between-groups comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment indicated that all dependent variables (depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem) differed significantly between emotionally and nonemotionally abused women and between neglected and nonneglected women. It was concluded that not all childhood abuse experiences lead to long-term impacts on women’s mental health. However, mental health consequences of childhood abuse may alter women’s obligations toward family, children, and home. Therefore, efforts directed toward assessing women’s history of childhood abuse are very important especially for those who are starting a marital relationship.

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Muzrif, Munas M., Dinusha Perera, Kumudu Wijewardena, Berit Schei, and Katarina Swahnberg. "Domestic violence: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in different regions of Sri Lanka." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e017745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017745.

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ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to assess the regional differences in domestic violence among pregnant women in the capital district and in the tea plantation sector of Sri Lanka, to explore potential contributory factors and to assess whether healthcare workers addressed domestic violence and disclosure among survivors.DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out using interviewer-administered Abuse Assessment Screen.SettingFifty-seven antenatal clinic centres in the capital district and 30 in the tea plantation sector.ParticipantsPregnant women between 6 and 40 weeks of gestational age. In the capital district, 1375 women were recruited from antenatal clinic centres in the urban (n=25) and in the rural areas (n=32), and 800 women from 30 centres in the tea plantation sector. The response rate in the capital district was 95.6% and 96.7% in the tea plantation sector.ResultsAmong the total sample of pregnant women (n=2088), the prevalence of ‘ever abused’ was 38.6%, and the prevalence of ‘currently abused’ was 15.9%. ‘Ever abused’ (31.5% vs 50.8%) and ‘currently abused’ (10% vs 25.8%) were significantly higher (P<0.001) among the women living in the tea plantation sector. ‘Ever abused’ was associated with living in the tea plantation sector, being employed, living far from gender-based violence care centre and of Muslim ethnicity, after adjusting for age, education and family income. Only 38.8% of all participants had been asked by healthcare workers about abuse. Living in the tea plantation sector and lower level of education were associated with not being asked. Among those who reported ‘ever abused’, only 8.7% had disclosed the experience to a healthcare worker.ConclusionDomestic violence was prevalent and highest among women in the tea plantation sector compared with the capital district. The capacity of healthcare workers in addressing domestic violence should be increased.

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Kim, Bitna, and Victoria B. Titterington. "Abused South Korean Women." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 53, no. 1 (February 2009): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x07312772.

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Samelius, Lotta, Barbro Wijma, Gun Wingren, and Klaas Wijma. "Somatization in Abused Women." Journal of Women's Health 16, no. 6 (July 2007): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.0103.

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Costa, Eleonora C. V., Sara Guimarães, Domingos Ferreira, and M. Graça Pereira. "Resource Loss Moderates the Association Between Child Abuse and Current PTSD Symptoms Among Women in Primary-Care Settings." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 17 (September 26, 2016): 3614–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670883.

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This study examined if abuse during childhood, rape in adulthood, and loss of resources predict a woman’s probability of reporting symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and whether resource loss moderates the association between reporting childhood abuse and PTSD symptoms. The sample included 767 women and was collected in publicly funded primary-care settings. Women who reported having been abused during childhood also reported more resource loss, more acute PTSD symptoms, and having suffered more adult rape than those who reported no childhood abuse. Hierarchical logistic regression yielded a two-variable additive model in which child abuse and adult rape predict the probability of reporting or not any PTSD symptoms, explaining 59.7% of the variance. Women abused as children were 1 to 2 times more likely to report PTSD symptoms, with sexual abuse during childhood contributing most strongly to this result. Similarly, women reporting adult rape were almost twice as likely to report symptoms of PTSD as those not reporting it. Resource loss was unexpectedly not among the predictors but a moderation analysis showed that such loss moderated the association between child abuse and current PTSD symptoms, with resource loss increasing the number and severity of PTSD symptoms in women who also reported childhood abuse. The findings highlight the importance of early assessment and intervention in providing mental health care to abused, neglected, and impoverished women to help them prevent and reverse resource loss and revictimization.

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Rice, Michael J., and Kathie Records. "Cardiac Response Rate Variability in Physically Abused Women of Childbearing Age." Biological Research For Nursing 7, no. 3 (January 2006): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800405283567.

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Physical abuse directly affects maternal and fetal/infant health, with documented reports of higher rates of pregnancy termination, neonatal death, and lower birth weights. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend repeated interviews of women of childbearing age to screen for abuse, the paper-and-pencil instruments available for such screening are adversely affected by the hesitancy of women to disclose physical abuse. Biophysical measures of physiological stress adaptations may hold potential for identifying physically abused childbearing women. This pilot investigation used a Latin square design to assess the effects of physically abusive trauma on the cardiac rate response of three clinical groups and one control group of childbearing-age women. Participants were screened using the Child-bearing Health Questionnaire. Cardiac response rates were measured during a standardized orthostatic challenge using a Tanito cardiac rate response monitor. Forty participants participated with an average age of 27. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that there were significant differences between cardiac rate responses at the 5-min interval. Post hoc testing using Dunnett’s t indicated that only the abused pregnant women had significantly higher cardiac responses to orthostatic challenges; differences were apparent at the 5-min testing period. The findings suggest that physical abuse may alter the vasovagal response beyond the attenuation associated with pregnancy. These findings support further testing with larger samples to identify vasovagal changes in abused pregnant women.

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Gbaguidi, Célestin, Panaewazibiou Dadja-Tiou, and Maurice Gade. "The Predicaments of Childless Women in Nigerian Fiction: A Womanist Reading of Flora Nwapa’s One Is Enough and Lola Shoneyin’s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (October 18, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.5.332.

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Using womanist literary criticism, this work has critically analyzed and revealed that women’s worth is tied to their ability to bear children. The study has also examined the plight, predicaments, and abuses of childless women in African culture. The paper has revealed that childless women are verbally abused, physically beaten, psychologically abused, and maltreated. The paper argues that it is unethical and immoral to maltreat childless women for involuntary infertility. The pressures coming from society constitute huge struggles for childless women when they fail to bear children after a couple of times. The emotional turmoil is further compounded by societal pressure. Family members compel the husband to take another wife for the sake of ensuring a continued lineage. In some cultures, these women suffer domestic abuse, and divorce and are even driven out of their marital homes. The plight of childless women is unfathomable in most African societies with regard to how society maltreats these women because of their incapacity of bearing children. Furthermore, the study has revealed that the social pressures and their predicaments have nevertheless become an impetus for these childless women’s self-actualization and self-realization. Hard work and selfreliance become imperative for these childless women if they really yearn for social thriving.

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Kwiatkowski, Lynn. "Engaging the Challenges of Alleviating Wife Abuse in Northern Vietnam." Practicing Anthropology 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.33.3.1q0h671ppg1276h7.

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In recent years, gender-based violence has become highly visible and recognized by the Vietnamese state and the public more broadly. This article addresses the space that has recently widened, with the Vietnamese state's 1986 đôi mó'i or renovation policies, for local innovation and global influence on approaches to curtailing wife abuse and assisting women abused by their husbands. Anthropology can help us to understand some of the constraints and contradictions that can arise in such a space of innovation. For instance, ethnographic research reveals how local Vietnamese non-governmental organizations (VNGOs), state institutions, and international organizations in Vietnam can cooperate to develop and implement new and potentially beneficial programs for abused women. Yet, at the same time, frontline practitioners struggle to implement these new approaches, with cultural lenses that limit acceptance of new ideologies, few resources that provide long-term support to abused women, or, in some cases, little exposure to the new ideas. Anthropological research can assist in identifying the cultural and structural constraints experienced by individuals working with abused women and community members, and the contradictions that can arise between the shaping and the implementing of policy addressing wife abuse, particularly globally influenced ideologies and practices introduced into a society.

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Hall, Terese A. "Spiritual Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Adult Christian Women." Journal of Psychology and Theology 23, no. 2 (June 1995): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719502300205.

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Long-term spiritual functioning in adult Christian women who had been sexually abused as children was the focus of this study. The Religious Status Inventory was completed by 75 women divided into three groups: 33 abused clinical subjects, 20 nonabused clinical subjects, and 22 nonabused nonclinical subjects. The abused group demonstrated significantly lower spiritual functioning than both of the other groups on the total score as well as on four of the eight subscales of the RSI. There were no significant differences between the nonabused clinical group and the nonclinical control group. It appears that sexual abuse adversely impacts spiritual functioning in three broad areas: a sense of being loved and accepted by God, a sense of community with others, and trust in God's plan and purpose for the future.

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Humphreys, Janice, Elissa S. Epel, Bruce A. Cooper, Jue Lin, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, and Kathryn A. Lee. "Telomere Shortening in Formerly Abused and Never Abused Women." Biological Research For Nursing 14, no. 2 (March 8, 2011): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800411398479.

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Recent studies suggest that chronic psychological stress may accelerate aging at the cellular level. Telomeres are protective components that stabilize the ends of chromosomes and modulate cellular aging. Women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience chronic stress and report worse health. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine telomeric DNA length in women who have experienced chronic stress related to IPV. We hypothesized that IPV exposure would be associated with shorter telomere length. The investigation used a cross-sectional design to study telomere length in women with a history of IPV exposure and control women who reported no prior exposure to IPV. Advertisements and public notices were used to recruit a convenience sample of healthy women. Mean leukocyte telomere length was measured in DNA samples from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR). Telomere length was significantly shorter in the 61 formerly abused women compared to the 41 controls ( t = 2.4, p = .02). Length of time in the abusive relationship and having children were associated with telomere length after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) ( F(2, 99) = 10.23, p < .001). Numerous studies suggest that women who experience IPV have poorer overall health. It is often presumed that the stress of IPV may be causing greater morbidity. Findings from this descriptive study suggest a link between IPV exposure, duration of IPV-related stress, and telomere length molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular aging.

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Beijer, Ulla, Christina Scheffel Birath, Valerie DeMartinis, and Britt af Klinteberg. "Facets of Male Violence Against Women With Substance Abuse Problems: Women With a Residence and Homeless Women." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 9 (December 4, 2015): 1391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515618211.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the type and extent to which women with substance abuse problems have been exposed to male violence during their lifetime, and to examine possible differences between women with a residence (WR) and homeless women (HW). The total sample included 79 women (WR, n = 35; HW, n = 44; M age = 47.8 years). Of the total sample, 72 women (91%) had experienced different kinds of male violence, 88% from former partners, and 26% from male friends or acquaintances. Of the 72 women, 71% further reported “Countless occasions of violent events,” and 36% had been forced to commit criminal acts. Abused women who had been forced to commit criminal acts were significantly more frequently found to be homeless, have reported parental alcohol and/or drug problems, have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, have been victims of sexual violence, have used illicit drugs as a dominant preparation, and have injected illicit drugs. Almost half of the abused women (46%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where HW showed an almost 4-time higher risk (RR 3.78) than WR. In conclusion there is a particular vulnerability in women with substance abuse to male violence, which has an important impact on their health status. Thus, from a public health perspective, it is suggested that for those women who have experienced male violence, treatment protocols need to include both assessing and addressing the impact of such experience in relation to substance abuse as well as concomitant health concerns.

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Franzblau, Susan, Michelle Smith, Sonia Echevarria, and Thomas Van Cantfort. "Take a Breath, Break The Silence: The Effects of Yogic Breathing and Testimony About Battering on Feelings of Self-Efficacy in Battered Women." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.16.1.d8qw1532m0121w35.

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Abuse in an intimate relationship is a common and devastating problem worldwide. This study explores the effects of testifying about one's abuse and learning Yogic breathing (prânâyâma) techniques on self-efficacy. Forty women, self-identified as abused within the last two years by an intimate partner, were randomly assigned to either tell the story of their abuse (testimony), participate in Yogic breathing exercises, participate in a combined testimony/Yogic breathing condition, or participate as waiting controls. Analyses showed that the combination of testimony and Yogic breathing was associated with the greatest improvement in self-efficacy scores. Implications of these findings for interventions and therapy for abused women are discussed.

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Ysseldyk, Renate, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman. "Revenge is sour, but is forgiveness sweet? Psychological health and cortisol reactivity among women with experiences of abuse." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 14 (June 22, 2017): 2003–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317714319.

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This study examined the relations among women’s experiences of abuse, forgiveness, revenge, psychological health, and physiological stress reactivity. Both dispositional (Study 1; N = 103) and state (Study 2; N = 258) forgiveness and vengeance were associated with psychological symptoms. However, the relation between revenge and greater depression was magnified among psychologically abused women, whereas—unexpectedly—the positive link between forgiveness and psychological health was strengthened among physically abused women. Moreover, while revenge coincided with increased cortisol reactivity following any relationship conflict, this was only evident for forgiveness following physical abuse. The complex interactions among these variables are discussed within a stress and coping framework.

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Buist, Anne. "Childhood Abuse, Parenting and Postpartum Depression." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 4 (August 1998): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809068320.

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Objective: While the potential negative effects on children of maternal depression has been documented, the influence of a maternal history of childhood abuse on child development is unclear. This study, the first stage of a 3–year follow-up study, looks at childhood abuse in women with depression in the postpartum period. Method: Fifty-six women admitted with postpartum depressive disorders were assessed with respect to their wellbeing, relationships and infant interaction. Twenty-eight women had a history of sexual abuse before the age of 16, nine physical/ emotional abuse and 19 had no history of abuse. Results: The mother-infant relationship was seen to be impaired in the sexually abused group (p = 0.007). The significance increased when all abused women were compared to controls (p = 0.001). In addition, abuse was associated with more severe depression on the Beck Depression Inventory (p = 0.046), and a trend to higher anxiety and longer lengths of stay (p = 0.05 for physical abuse). Partners rated themselves as being more skilled and confident parents. Conclusions: The effect of childhood abuse was indistinguishable between emotional and physical abuse in postpartum depressed women. The most significant effect was a deleterious one on the mother-infant relationship in those women with a history of abuse.

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Liem, Joan Huser, Joan Gateley O'Toole, and Jacquelyn Boone James. "The Need for Power in Women Who Were Sexually Abused as Children." Psychology of Women Quarterly 16, no. 4 (December 1992): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00269.x.

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Ten women who had been sexually abused as children and a matched group of women who had not been sexually abused participated in a preliminary study to explore the hypothesis that feelings of powerlessness and a compensatory need for power continue into adulthood for survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The Picture-Story Exercise (PSE) was used as an indirect assessment technique to determine the level of the need for power (McClelland, 1985; Winter, 1973, 1988). Results indicated that the stories of women with sexual abuse histories revealed a higher need for power and greater fear of power than those of nonabused women. Further content analysis of the PSE revealed that sexual abuse survivors' stories also contained more references to Finkelhor and Browne's (1986) dynamics of powerlessness, traumatic sexualization, betrayal, and stigmatization. These findings suggest important directions for future research as well as areas for therapeutic exploration.

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Straus, H. E. "What Is Severe? Comparing Severity Scores of Abuse Acts by Abused and Non-abused Women." Academic Emergency Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.5.468.

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Siegel, Jane A. "Aggressive Behavior Among Women Sexually Abused as Children." Violence and Victims 15, no. 3 (January 2000): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.3.235.

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Although research shows that sexually abused children appear to be at risk of subsequent aggressive behavior, few investigations address whether such behavior persists beyond childhood. This research describes the self-reported adolescent and adult fighting behavior of 136 women sexually abused as children and examines the role of intervening variables in the risk of such behavior. The women are part of a longitudinal study of 206 primarily low-income, urban women whose abuse was documented at the time it occurred. Fighting was common, particularly during adolescence. Adult aggression was strongly associated with being a victim of violence by an intimate partner. A history of exposure to other forms of violence significantly increased the risk of fighting while strong maternal attachments mitigated the risk, primarily by reducing the likelihood of involvement in an abusive intimate relationship.

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MIGLIACCIO, TODD A. "Abused Husbands." Journal of Family Issues 23, no. 1 (January 2002): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02023001002.

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Husband abuse has been and continues to be a topic of controversy within the field of family violence. Although arguments persist over methodology, prevalence, and ideology, this study analyzes the narratives of 12 men who claimed to have been abused by their partners and compares their stories to the narratives and findings of past studies of wife abuse. In so doing, this study identifies that the accounts of the relationships of battered men and women follow similar patterns, including the structure of the relationships, the acceptance of the abuse, and the social context of the situation. This reinforces the findings of wife abuse research showing that abusive relationships display certain commonalties and reveals the necessity of future studies of battered males.

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Bauer, Heidi M., and Michael A. Rodriguez. "Letting Compassion Open the Door: Battered Women's Disclosure to Medical Providers." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 4 (1995): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006289.

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Domestic violence is an important social problem that strongly impacts the healthcare system. It is estimated that two to four million women are physically abused each year by their husbands, ex-husbands, or boyfriends. Many of these abused women enter the medical system as patients with physical injuries, somatic symptoms, or psychiatric problems. These patients represent a large proportion of women patients in a variety of clinical settings: 22–35% of women presenting to emergency departments, up to 37% of obstetric patients, and over 25% of women seeking primary care. Despite the significant health implications of marital abuse, healthcare providers often fail to identify and treat this problem when signs are present.

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Sumon, Md Syedur Rahaman, Zamilur Rahman, Md Belayet Hossain Khan, and Sohel Mahmud. "Forensic Study of Child Abuse in Bangladesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 25, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.5.

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Introduction:The future reflection of nation child has some common problem like under-nutrition, infections, as well as abuse or maltreatment is equally important. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that worldwide, approximately 20% of women and 5–10% of men report being sexually abused in childhood? In Bangladesh, a large number of children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. Methods and Results: A total of 96 children below 18 years above 5 years were included in this research. All the statements made by semi structured interviews and physical examination. About 6% child reported they are referred as idiot and called them foul name being considering them emotionally abused child. 34% child considering physically abused (by burn 34% and by beating 55%). 60% child considering sexually abused. Among them depending on the type of sexual abuse 12% reported someone trying to touch or kissing or even touched their private body parts, 27% reported someone trying to show naked or dirty pictures to them by using mobile, 61% reported that someone put or forced his private organ inside their mouth (11%), anus (32%) or vagina (57%). Conclusion: Child abuse is a global problem. Not in the world but also in Bangladesh. So Bangladesh government should give special attention to safety of child. To prevent child abuse in social life like children on the street, children at work, and children in institutional is a punishable act as per the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act in our parliament.

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Thompson, Martie P., Nadine J. Kaslow, and J. B. Kingree. "Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among African American Women Experiencing Recent Intimate Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 17, no. 3 (June 2002): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.3.283.33658.

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The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200 African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumulative risk model to determine if a woman’s likelihood of making a suicide attempt increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were 10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.

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Rokach, Ami. "Loneliness in Domestically Abused Women." Psychological Reports 98, no. 2 (April 2006): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.98.2.367-373.

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May, Barbara A., Dmitriy Rakhlin, Anita Katz, and Barbara J. Limandri. "Are Abused Women Mentally ill?" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 41, no. 2 (February 2003): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20030201-08.

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HABER, JOEL D. "ABUSED WOMEN AND CHRONIC PAIN." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 85, no. 9 (September 1985): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-198509000-00025.

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Zilber, Suzanne. "Therapy for Emotionally Abused Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 19, no. 4 (December 1995): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168439501900403.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abused women'

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