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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Lysova, Alexandra, Kenzie Hanson, Denise A. Hines, Louise Dixon, Emily M. Douglas, and Elizabeth M. Celi. "A Qualitative Study of the Male Victims’ Experiences With the Criminal Justice Response to Intimate Partner Abuse in Four English-Speaking Countries." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 10 (June 5, 2020): 1264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820927442.

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The criminal justice system plays a pivotal role in addressing the safety of victims of intimate partner abuse (IPA). Over the past 40 years, most changes in the criminal justice response to IPA have been made with the intention of improving support to abused women and their children. However, a growing body of research shows there are many men who are victims of IPA. This qualitative study explored the help-seeking experiences of 38 abused men within the criminal justice system in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Twelve online focus groups (three in each country) were conducted and themes were identified inductively at a semantic level. Thematic analysis identified that most of their experiences were negative and reflected the gender paradigm embedded in the criminal justice response. This study offers insights into the relevance of a gender-inclusive criminal justice response in addressing IPA.
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2

Bauleni, Esther M., Leesa Hooker, Hassan P. Vally, and Angela Taft. "Intimate-partner violence and reproductive decision-making by women attending Victorian Maternal- and Child-Health services: a cross-sectional study." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 5 (2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17183.

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The reproductive years are a critical period where women experience greater risk of intimate-partner violence (IPV). Most studies investigating the association between IPV and reproductive health have been completed in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine the relationship between IPV and women’s reproductive decision-making in Victoria, Australia. We analysed secondary data from a cluster-randomised trial of IPV screening that surveyed new mothers attending Maternal- and Child-Health centres in Melbourne. Survey measures included the experience of partner abuse in the past 12 months using the Composite Abuse Scale and four reproductive decision-making indicators. Results showed that IPV affects reproductive decision-making among postpartum women. Women who reported abuse were less likely to plan for a baby (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.75) than were non-abused women, significantly more likely to have partners make decisions for them about contraception (Risk ratio (RR) 4.09, 95% CI: 1.31–12.75), and whether and when to have a baby (RR 12.35, 95% CI: 4.46–34.16), than they were to make decisions jointly. Pregnant and postpartum women need to be screened for partner violence that compromises women’s decision-making power regarding their reproductive rights.
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Reid, Alison, Alison Daly, Anthony D. LaMontagne, Allison Milner, and Elena Ronda Pérez. "Descriptive study of workplace demand, control and bullying among migrant and Australian-born workers by gender: does workplace support make a difference?" BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e033652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033652.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the relationship between bullying in migrants and Australians and types of workplace Iso-strain, by gender.Design and settingTwo descriptive cross-sectional surveys of the Australian working population.ParticipantsAustralian-born workers of Caucasian ancestry (n=1051, participant response rate=87.3%) and workers born in New Zealand (n=566), India (n=633) and the Philippines (n=431) (participant response rate=79.5%).Primary and secondary outcomes measuresUsing logistic regression, we examined whether self-reported assessment of various forms of bullying in the workplace was associated with Iso-strain (job with high demands and low control and without social support), gender and migrant status.ResultsThe prevalence of workplace bullying within the previous year was 14.5%. Sexual harassment, though rare (n=47, 1.8%), was reported by more women than men (83% vs 17%, χ2=19.3, p<0.0001) and more Australia or New Zealand born workers compared to India or the Philippines workers (75.5% vs 25.5%, χ2=4.6, p=0.032). Indian-born women had lower adjusted OR for being bullied and for being intimidated compared to other women. Independent of migrant status, Iso-strain (1), (low support from boss) and Iso-strain (2), (low support from colleagues) predicted being bullied. Women were more likely to be in an Iso-strain (1) job than men (18.7% vs 13.6%, p=0.013) and had twice the risk of being both verbally abused and intimidated compared to men (OR 9 vs OR 5.5, p<0.0001).ConclusionWorkplace bullying was more likely for women than men. There were few differences between workers from different migrant groups. Iso-strain was the strongest predictor of workplace bullying. Workplaces should encourage supportive and collegiate work environments.
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4

DINWIDDIE, S., A. C. HEATH, M. P. DUNNE, K. K. BUCHOLZ, P. A. F. MADDEN, W. S. SLUTSKE, L. J. BIERUT, D. B. STATHAM, and N. G. MARTIN. "Early sexual abuse and lifetime psychopathology: a co-twin–control study." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799001373.

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Background. This study was designed to determine lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among twins who reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and to compare these rates with those among non-abused co-twins. The contribution of familial and individual-specific factors to reported sexual abuse was also examined.Method. Information about lifetime psychopathology and substance use was obtained by structured telephone interviews with 5995 Australian twins. Twins who reported a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were contrasted on lifetime psychopathology with subjects without such a history; in addition, comparisons were made between same-sex twin pairs discordant for CSA.Results. A history of CSA was reported by 5·9% of the women and 2·5% of the men. In the sample as a whole, those reporting CSA were more likely to receive lifetime diagnoses of major depression, conduct disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism, and were more likely to report suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempt. Abused women, but not men, were also more likely to report social phobia. When comparisons were restricted to non-abused co-twins, no differences in psychopathology were seen. However, rates of major depression, conduct disorder and suicidal ideation were higher if both co-twins were abused than if the respondent alone reported CSA. Model-fitting indicated that shared environmental factors influenced risk for reported CSA in women, but not in men.Conclusion. The association between CSA and psychopathology arises at least in part through the influence of shared familial factors on both risk of victimization and risk of psychopathology.
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Matthee, Jacques. "Die Mishandelde Vrou in die Strafreg: 'n Regsvergelykende ondersoek." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, no. 4 (June 26, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2744.

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This article seeks to critically examine recent criminal law developments in Australia, England and Wales that specifically address the situation in which battered women find themselves. This article specifically focuses on the question of whether or not South Africa can learn something from these developments in order to make better provision for battered women who kill their abusers after having suffered through years of physical abuse. The question of whether or not a separate defence can be created for battered women in South Africa is also explored in this article. In order to answer this question, an investigation is launched into suggested defences in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
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Goddard, Chris. "Continuing to Abuse Children for a Living: Protecting children from abuse by professionals: Part Two." Children Australia 18, no. 4 (1993): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003722.

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In the last edition of Children Australia [18(3)], I started an interview with a woman who came to see me several years ago claiming that her child was both sexually and physically abused by his teacher. At considerable cost to herself and her family, she has refused to ignore the abuse her child suffered and the lack of action by the authorities.PART TWO of the interview commences with discussing her son's disclosure.
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Hooker, Leesa, Jacqui Theobald, Karen Anderson, Paulina Billet, and Paula Baron. "Violence Against Young Women in Non-urban Areas of Australia: A Scoping Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 4 (August 17, 2017): 534–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017725752.

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Violence against women is globally prevalent and harmful to women’s health and well-being. Younger women are at higher risk of abuse, especially those from non-urban areas who may face specific barriers to disclosure and support. The aim of this review was to map the breadth and nature of the “violence against women” literature particular to young non-urban Australian women and identify research gaps to inform future research with young people. A comprehensive scoping review methodology, as outlined by Arksey and O’Malley, was adopted. English language, peer-reviewed articles were identified from five databases between January 2000 and July 2015. Grey literature was also examined. Inclusion criteria for the review included young women (15–24 years) from non-urban areas of Australia. Twenty-four full-text articles were included in this review. Themes identified include prevalence and type of abuse, experiences and response to violence, and the consequences of abuse. Recommendations from the review which are relevant to a global audience include the need for improved service access, improved data collection on the prevalence of violence, and a focus on more research with young women in non-urban areas. There is limited research on violence against young women living in non-urban areas of Australia. Evidence to date consists of predominantly quantitative data generated from general population surveys. There is a lack of qualitative research on this topic, and we argue that more is needed to gain a better understanding of the violence that young women experience.
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8

Stewart, Christine, Sharon L. Bourke, Janet A. Green, Elianna Johnson, Ligi Anish, Miriam Muduwa, and Linda K. Jones. "Healthcare challenges of incarcerated women in Australia: An integrative review." International Journal of Healthcare 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v7n1p10.

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Background: Despite the rise in numbers of incarceration women, disparities between health care services and access exist. The health needs of incarcerated women is complex and influenced by multiple social determinants of health.Purpose: Explore the healthcare issues of incarcerated women within Australian Prisons.Methods: Integrative review of the literature.Results: Incarcerated women represent a small proportion of the prison population within Australia, however, health outcomes are significantly impacted. Socioeconomic status, abuse (physical, emotional, sexual), previous incarceration, generational factors are some of the factors impeding the health of incarcerated women. Mental health, chronic disease conditions, maternal and child factors are significant health concerns of this vulnerable population. There is a disparity in health access and programs to improve their health outcomes. This paper explores the challenges impacting the health of incarcerated women.Conclusions: Significant disparities exist in the access of health services available to incarcerated women. There needs to be more focus upon improving access to health services and health support programs to meet the complex health needs of incarcerated in Australia. Furthermore, there is a need for more primary health nurses to prevent and address the healthcare issues of this population.
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Taylor, Lee, Delyse Hutchinson, Ron Rapee, Lucy Burns, Christine Stephens, and Paul S. Haber. "Clinical Features and Correlates of Outcomes for High-Risk, Marginalized Mothers and Newborn Infants Engaged with a Specialist Perinatal and Family Drug Health Service." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/867265.

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Background. There is a paucity of research in Australia on the characteristics of women in treatment for illicit substance use in pregnancy and the health outcomes of their neonates.Aims. To determine the clinical features and outcomes of high-risk, marginalized women seeking treatment for illicit substance use in pregnancy and their neonates.Methods. 139 women with a history of substance abuse/dependence engaged with a perinatal drug health service in Sydney, Australia. Maternal (demographic, drug use, psychological, physical, obstetric, and antenatal care) and neonatal characteristics (delivery, early health outcomes) were examined.Results. Compared to national figures, pregnant women attending a specialist perinatal and family drug health service were more likely to report being Australian born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, younger, unemployed, and multiparous. Opiates were the primary drug of concern (81.3%). Pregnancy complications were common (61.9%). Neonates were more likely to be preterm, have low birth weight, and be admitted to special care nursery. NAS was the most prevalent birth complication (69.8%) and almost half required pharmacotherapy.Conclusion. Mother-infant dyads affected by substance use in pregnancy are at significant risk. There is a need to review clinical models of care and examine the longer-term impacts on infant development.
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10

Duff, Catherine. "Stopping the Grog." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 2, no. 4 (September 1997): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919700200402.

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Indigenous communities around Australia find themselves in the grip of chronic alcohol abuse and its related violence. For more than a decade Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, especially Indigenous women, have been agitating for change. In many cases Indigenous communities have been calling for restrictions to limit or prohibit alcohol availability to their members. In the past, Australia's anti-discrimination regime has been used to justify official inactivity on the issue of alcohol availability in Indigenous communities. Indigenous drinkers and publicans have also appealed to the principle of non-discrimination in their opposition to grog restrictions.
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11

Garland, SM, Y. Jayasinghe, ET Callegari, A. Gorelik, AK Subasinghe, and JD Wark. "P03.16 Sexual abuse reported by young australian women." Sexually Transmitted Infections 91, Suppl 2 (September 2015): A91.2—A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.244.

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12

Stark, Astrid M., and Alex Hope. "Aboriginal women's stories of sexually transmissible infection transmission and condom use in remote central Australia." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07009.

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Background: Sexually transmissible infection (STI) rates are persistently high in central Australia, creating conditions for a potential HIV pandemic in the area. There is a shortage of qualitative research examining the underlying factors affecting STI transmission in this region. The present study investigates Aboriginal women’s current levels of knowledge regarding STI and their transmission, perception of risk for STI, patterns of condom use, access to condoms and experiences of condom negotiation with their partners. It also explores the sociocultural context of their sexual health. Methods: The present study used qualitative methods with a semistructured questionnaire. Twenty-four women aged 18–35 years from one remote central-Australian Aboriginal community were recruited. Results: The results revealed poor understandings of STI transmission, limited access to condoms and low levels of condom use despite a high perception of risk to STI. They also identified specific issues facing these women regarding the sociocultural context of their condom use, their access to condoms and the transmission of STI. The perceived effects of alcohol abuse, infidelity, sexual assault and shame on the acquisition of STI were significant issues for the women. Conclusion: This research has identified an urgent need for further qualitative research into the sociocultural factors that facilitate the spread of STI among Aboriginal people of remote central Australia. Implications include the need to increase their knowledge regarding STI and STI transmission, to increase women’s access to condoms and to incorporate the teaching of skills to deal with sexual assault and violence into sexual-health education.
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Barham, Susan Baggett. "Conceptualisations of Women within Australian Egalitarian Thought." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 483–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015346.

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Both these quotations are products of considered reflection made by men upon the “nature” and place of women within Australian society. Withnell is president of the Perth chapter of the Coffin Cheaters and currently writing a Ph.D. thesis on the “subculture” of biker clubs. Sturgess, a barrister perhaps best known for his prosecution of Lindy Chamberlain in the second inquest into the disappearance of her daughter, at the time of the newspaper article was the one-man commission of inquiry into child abuse in Queensland. Both statements express commonsense Australian cultural understandings of women, which are also available within Australian myths of national identity. My intention in exploring these myths is to elucidate a more complete range of the cultural conceptualisations of women than is provided by these statements and, at the same time, account for the prevalent limited and often negative
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Ogbo, Felix, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Mansi Dhami, Sabrina Naz, Sarah Khanlari, Anne McKenzie, Kingsley Agho, et al. "Perinatal Distress and Depression in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Women: The Role of Psychosocial and Obstetric Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162945.

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Perinatal distress and depression can have significant impacts on both the mother and baby. The present study investigated psychosocial and obstetric factors associated with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian women in Sydney, New South Wales. The study used retrospectively linked maternal and child health data from two Local Health Districts in Australia (N = 25,407). Perinatal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, scores of 10–12) and depressive symptoms, with EPDS scores of 13 or more. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between psychosocial and obstetric factors with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among CALD Australian women was 10.1% for antenatal distress; 7.3% for antenatal depressive symptoms; 6.2% for postnatal distress and 3.7% for postnatal depressive symptoms. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were associated with a lack of partner support, intimate partner violence, maternal history of childhood abuse and being known to child protection services. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were strongly associated with postnatal distress and depressive symptoms. Higher socioeconomic status had a protective effect on antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that current perinatal mental health screening and referral for clinical assessment is essential, and also supports a re-examination of perinatal mental health policy to ensure access to culturally responsive mental health care that meets patients’ needs.
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Adams, Catina, Leesa Hooker, and Angela Taft. "Threads of Practice: Enhanced Maternal and Child Health Nurses Working With Women Experiencing Family Violence." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333936211051703.

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Family violence is a serious public health issue with significant health consequences for women and children. Enhanced Maternal and Child Health nurses (EMCH) in Victoria, Australia, work with women experiencing family violence; however, scholarly examination of the clinical work of nurses has not occurred. This qualitative study explored how EMCH nurses work with women experiencing abuse, describing the personal and professional challenges for nurses undertaking family violence work. Twenty-five nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. Using interpretive description methodology has enabled an insight into nurses' family violence work. Threads of practice identified included (1) Validating/Reframing; (2) Non-judgmental support/Safeguarding and (3) Following/Leading. The nurses highlighted the diversity of experience for women experiencing abuse and nurses' roles in family violence nurse practice. The research contributes to understanding how EMCH nurses traverse threads of practice to support women experiencing family violence.
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Walsh, Deborah. "The Hidden Experience of Violence during Pregnancy: A Study of 400 Pregnant Australian Women." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 1 (2008): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08013.

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This article will report on the results of research into violence experienced by women during pregnancy, undertaken at a large public tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia. Participants in the research included 400 women from diverse backgrounds, recruited from the Royal Women's Hospital Antenatal clinic in Melbourne. The methodology for the research included a structured interview framework into which was incorporated a modified version of the Abusive Behaviour Inventory (ABI). The instrument measured both physical and psychological abuse indicators. The study found that 20% (n=80) of women interviewed reported experiencing violence during their pregnancy and that they did not disclose this to their health care professionals, thus suffering the abuse in silence. An increase in physical violence was reported by 6% (n=25); however, the majority of women reported that the level of violence and abuse remained the same throughout the pregnancy. It was found that a range of abusive behaviours were reported by the women interviewed, which resulted in three very distinct profile groups emerging from the data. A greater awareness of the prevalence of this phenomenon in the peri-natal population, together with ongoing access to research in this area, will benefit health care professionals in developing sensitive practice strategies for working with women affected by violence during pregnancy. Through a deeper understanding of associated issues, practitioners can work towards creating an environment where women feel safe enough to break their silence and be confident that their disclosures will be responded to appropriately, without pressure to leave the relationship.
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Parker, Glennys, and Christina Lee. "Predictors of Physical and Emotional Health in a Sample of Abused Australian Women." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17, no. 9 (September 2002): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502017009005.

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EASTEAL, PATRICIA. "Women in Australian Prisons: The Cycle of Abuse and Dysfunctional Environments." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001007.

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A significant proportion of Australian female inmates are drug addicts and women who have experienced violence as children and/or as adults. Ironically, the three rules (“Don't talk,” “Don't trust,” and “Don't feel”) that many therefore grew up with are present within the prison institutional culture and structure. The female prison population is relatively small. As a result, many women are placed inappropriately in maximum-security facilities and have limited programs for employment, education, and drug/violence issues. Comparison of results from empirical research conducted in the early 1990s with recent data reveals that although there have been some positive steps implemented, they have not greatly affected the dysfunctional women's prison culture. For the most part these continue to ignore the specific needs of women (and victims of violence). Thus the tragic generational cycle of violence-crime-prison-violence-crime-prison persists.
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Schofield, Margot J., Rhonda Reynolds, Gita D. Mishra, Jennifer R. Powers, and Annette J. Dobson. "Screening for Vulnerability to Abuse Among Older Women: Women's Health Australia Study." Journal of Applied Gerontology 21, no. 1 (March 2002): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464802021001002.

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20

Hooker, Leesa, Leonie Versteegh, Helena Lindgren, and Angela Taft. "Differences in help‐seeking behaviours and perceived helpfulness of services between abused and non‐abused women: A cross‐sectional survey of Australian postpartum women." Health & Social Care in the Community 28, no. 3 (May 2020): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12927.

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21

Fleming, Jillian, Paul E. Mullen, Beverly Sibthorpe, and Gabriele Bammer. "The long-term impact of childhood sexual abuse in australian women." Child Abuse & Neglect 23, no. 2 (February 1999): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00118-5.

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22

Ormerod, Neil. "Sexual Abuse, a Royal Commission, and the Australian Church." Theological Studies 80, no. 4 (December 2019): 950–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563919874514.

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The sexual abuse crisis and subsequent Royal Commission investigation raised important ecclesiological and ecclesial issues for the Australian Catholic Church. This article provides background to the work of the Commission and explores four issues: the seal of the confessional; the notion of ontological change in ordination; the place of women in the church; and the authority of bishops. While no direct theological resolution of these is possible, these issues have been raised with pressing urgency.
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Tavassoli, Afsaneh, Sima Soltani, Seyedeh Mahboobeh Jamali, and Nader Ale Ebrahim. "A Research on Violence Against Women: Are the Trends Growing?" Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1664.1.

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Objectives: Violence against women is a global public health problem. Although there has been much research done on violence against women, there are few studies that provide the current scientific production. Methods: In this study, bibliometric analysis has been used to evaluate the 1984 documents from 1986 to 2020 based on the Scopus database. These documents were analyzed quantitatively by the Bibliometric R Package and the VOS viewer software. In addition, the 20 top-cited papers were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The research findings show that the United States is a leader in this field with the most highly cited articles and also the greatest number of publications followed by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A total of 1984 documents were collected from the Scopus database and were analyzed in the Bibliometric R Research Package and the VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that the average citations per year for each document were 23.39% and the annual scientific production growth rate was 16.86%. The keywords analysis indicates that most articles focus on “sexual violence”, “sexual assault”, “intimate partner violence”, “violence against women”, “sexual abuse”, “domestic violence”, “child sexual abuse”, “prevention”, and “rape.” Sources such as the “Journal of Interpersonal Violence”, “Journal of Violence Against Woman”, “Journal of Violence and Victims”, “Psychology of Women Quarterly”, “Journal of Adolescent Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, “American Journal of Public Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, and “American Journal of Public Health”, and “The Lancet” are the top most productive in this field. Discussion: Examining the articles showed that the vast majority of women have experienced verbal, sexual, intimate partner violence, cyber harassment, and so on.
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Buchanan, Fiona. "Zero Tolerance in South Australia: A Statewide Community Initiative." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96013.

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The Zero Tolerance Campaign against violence to women and children is a hard hitting, controversial campaign designed to raise public awareness and provoke debate about male abuse of power in the areas of domestic violence, rape and sexual assault, and child sexual abuse. Zero Tolerance is also an example of best practice in cross sectoral co-operation. The campaign comprises a statewide initiative involving the Health Promotion Unit of the South Australian Health Commission, the Domestic Violence Resource Unit, Family and Community Services, community health workers and local community action groups throughout the state. The process of bringing together a wide range of individuals from very different backgrounds and differing perspectives to work collaboratively on a controversial, innovative project led to extensive examination and defining of the issues involved. The planning process included a microcosm of the debate which Zero Tolerance intends to generate in the community. Resolution of the issues raised, employed many of the strategies developed and identified as best practice in the field of primary health care. The paper explores the challenges and rewards in the context of working collaboratively through the planning of a controversial initiative and identifies the merits of a campaign which has built on a diverse range of knowledge. Zero Tolerance, as a campaign, has the scope to be adapted in a variety of culturally and socially diverse initiatives as it becomes identified as an example of international best practice developed to stop violence against women and children.
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Watson, Bronwyn, and W. Kim Halford. "Classes of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Women’s Adult Couple Relationships." Violence and Victims 25, no. 4 (August 2010): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.518.

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The current study assessed if childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be meaningfully classified into classes, based on the assumption that abuse by a close family member differs in important ways from other abuse, and whether abuse classes were differentially associated with couple relationship problems. The childhood experiences and adult relationships of 1,335 Australian women (18–41 years) were assessed. Latent class analysis identified three classes of CSA: that perpetrated by a family member, friend, or stranger, which differed markedly on most aspects of the abuse. Family abuse was associated with the highest risk for adult relationship problems, with other classes of CSA having a significant but weaker association with adult relationship problems. CSA is heterogeneous with respect the long-term consequences for adult relationship functioning.
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Lynskey, Michael T., Elliot C. Nelson, Rosalind J. Neuman, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Pamela A. F. Madden, Valerie S. Knopik, Wendy Slutske, John B. Whitfield, Nicholas G. Martin, and Andrew C. Heath. "Limitations of DSM-IV Operationalizations of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in a Sample of Australian Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.574.

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AbstractAlcohol abuse and dependence are among the most common psychiatric conditions identified in epidemiological surveys of the general population. The aim of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence using latent class analysis (LCA). Six thousand two hundred and sixty-five young Australian twins (median age 30 years) were interviewed by telephone between 1996 and 2000 using a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). DSM-IV symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence were collected by structured diagnostic interview and analyzed using methods of LCA. LCA revealed a 4-class solution for women that classified individuals according to the severity of their alcohol- related problems: no/few problems (66.5%), heavy drinking (23.9%), moderate dependence (7.6%) and severe dependence (2.0%). Among men the preferred solution included 5 classes corresponding to no/few problems (46.4%), heavy drinking (34.3%), moderate dependence (12.2%), severe dependence (3.0%) and abuse (4.0%). Evidence of a male-specific class of alcohol-related problems corresponding to abuse partially supports the DSM conceptualization of alcohol use disorders but suggests that this conceptualization — and measurement — may need to be refined for women. Identification of a male- specific abuse class also has important implications for interventions and treatment as these individuals experienced significant alcohol-related problems and comprised approximately 21% of all men classified with an alcohol use disorder.
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Wake, Nicola. "Battered Women, Startled Householders and Psychological Self-Defence: Anglo-Australian Perspectives." Journal of Criminal Law 77, no. 5 (October 2013): 433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2013.77.5.868.

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This article provides a timely and critical reappraisal of the interconnected, but discrete, doctrines of loss of self-control, under ss 54–56 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, and self-defence within s. 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. The loss of control conceptualisation renders it difficult for defendants to claim the partial defence where exculpatory self-defence has been rejected, and fear of serious violence is adduced. This doctrinal incoherence has been exacerbated by the fact that s. 43 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 effectively legitimises the use of disproportionate force in self-defence, but only in ‘startled householder’ cases. A more appropriate avenue of reform is provided by developments in Australian jurisdictions. This comparative extirpation engages the introduction of a new partial defence of self-preservation/psychological self-defence predicated on the notion of excessive utilisation of force in self-defence as in New South Wales, supplemented with a ‘social framework’ provision, akin to that in Victoria. The new defence would avoid the problems associated with requiring the abused woman to establish a loss of self-control and/or affording an affirmative defence in ‘startled householder’ cases.
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Wood, Brian L. "Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in a community sample of Australian women." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 12 (June 1997): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb123313.x.

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Fleming, Julian M. "Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in a community sample of Australian women." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 12 (June 1997): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb123314.x.

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Fleming, Jillian M. "Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in a community sample of Australian women." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 2 (January 1997): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138722.x.

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McLAUGHLIN, T. L., A. C. HEATH, K. K. BUCHOLZ, P. A. F. MADDEN, L. J. BIERUT, W. S. SLUTSKE, S. DINWIDDIE, D. J. STATHAM, M. P. DUNNE, and N. G. MARTIN. "Childhood sexual abuse and pathogenic parenting in the childhood recollections of adult twin pairs." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 6 (November 2000): 1293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002809.

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Background. We examined the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and interviewees' recollections of pathogenic parenting, testing for possible retrospective biases in the recollections of those who have experienced CSA.Methods. Information about CSA, parental divorce and interviewees' recollections of parental rejection, parental overprotection and perceived autonomy (as assessed through a shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument) was obtained through telephone interviews with 3626 Australian twins who had also returned self-report questionnaires several years earlier. Recollections of parental behaviours were compared for individuals from pairs in which neither twin, at least one twin, or both twins reported CSA.Results. Significant associations were noted between CSA and paternal alcoholism and between CSA and recollections of parental rejection. For women, individuals from CSA-discordant pairs reported levels of parental rejection that were significantly higher than those obtained from CSA-negative pairs. The levels of parental rejection observed for twins from CSA-discordant pairs did not differ significantly from those obtained from CSA-concordant pairs, regardless of respondent's abuse status. For men from CSA-discordant pairs, respondents reporting CSA displayed a tendency to report higher levels of parental rejection than did respondents not reporting CSA. Other measures of parenting behaviour (perceived autonomy and parental overprotection) failed to show a clear relationship with CSA.Conclusions. The relationship between CSA and respondents' recollections of parental rejection is not due solely to retrospective bias on the part of abused individuals and, consistent with other studies, may reflect a pathological family environment with serious consequences for all siblings.
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Eastwood, Christine, and Wendy Patton. "Moderating the consequences of child sexual abuse: The role of the family, the legal system and other support structures." Children Australia 20, no. 4 (1995): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200006891.

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This paper addresses the question: Are the consequences of child sexual abuse moderated or exacerbated by the family, the legal system and other support structures which are involved following disclosure? To answer this question, the present study employs a methodology which enables the young women to discuss their experiences and feelings in each of these areas. Through a four stage interview process, in- depth data was gathered from five young women whose cases had been dealt with through the legal system, and from their mothers.Given that little research has been undertaken in this area, particularly in Australia, the current work focuses on the ability of these groups to provide acceptance and validation subsequent to disclosure, and the resulting responses of the young women. The study concludes with a discussion on the effects of the response of the family, the legal system and other support on the young women, and raises some issues crucial to addressing societal response to child sexual abuse. Suggestions for further research are also offered.
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Bartels, Lorana, and Patricia Easteal. "Women prisoners’ sexual victimisation: ongoing vulnerabilities and possible responses." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 2, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-06-2015-0020.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the incidence and impact of exposure to sexual victimisation for women in the criminal justice system. Key ongoing vulnerabilities in respect of mental health and substance abuse, and their contribution to women’s offending, are examined. Treatment responses to address these women’s trauma in custodial settings are then discussed. It is argued that a therapeutic approach is required to provide a holistic response to victimised women offenders. Unfortunately, instead of doing so, many prisons’ ethos and approaches may actually produce a further layer of vulnerability. The paper concludes with commentary on future directions for research and practice. Design/methodology/approach The researchers undertook a desk-based literature review, using search terms such as “women”, “corrections”, “sexual abuse and/or victimisation” and “trauma”. The literature was analysed through a feminist framework, adopting a vulnerability paradigm. Findings The paper analyses the incidence and impact of sexual victimisation on women prisoners and notes that comprehensive trauma-informed care in custodial settings is needed but highly problematic within a prison context. Research limitations/implications The researchers focused primarily on Australia, and the conclusions may therefore be of more limited relevance to imprisoned women in other countries. Practical implications The paper suggests good practice requirements for delivering trauma-informed care to victimised women prisoners. Non-custodial alternatives to imprisonment are likely to be more sensitive to many female offenders’ layers of vulnerability. Originality/value This paper highlights the relationship between women offenders’ sexual victimisation histories, substance abuse, mental illness and offending behaviour, and demonstrates the need for and challenges in delivering trauma-informed care. The originality derives from the examination of the three rules of abuse (and prisons) and how they correlate with multiple vulnerabilities, which leads to the conclusion that prison is not the best place for rehabilitation of most women.
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Brown, Lisa, Janice Russell, Christopher Thornton, and Stewart Dunn. "Experiences of Physical and Sexual Abuse in Australian General Practice Attenders and an Eating Disordered Population." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 3 (June 1997): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073850.

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Objective: To determine the reported rates of child physical and sexual abuse experienced by hospitalised eating disordered patients compared to a control group of women attending general practitioners. Method: A retrospective survey using the self-report Finkelhor Sexual Life Events Inventory and clinical reports. Results: Nearly one-half of eating disordered patients reported a history of child sexual abuse and one-quarter reported child physical abuse. These rates were significantly higher than those reported by the control group. Conclusions: Direct questioning regarding trauma histories is warranted when assessing patients with eating disorders and attention to such issues should be incorporated into the total management plan.
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Powell, Anastasia, and Nicola Henry. "Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Victimization: Results From an Online Survey of Australian Adults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 17 (October 3, 2016): 3637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516672055.

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Online forms of sexual harassment and abuse as experienced by adults represent an emerging yet under-researched set of behaviors, such that very few studies have sought to estimate the extent of the problem. This article presents the results of an online survey of 2,956 Australian adult (aged 18 to 54 years) experiences of technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) victimization. The prevalence of TFSV was analyzed in relation to a 21-item scale developed in accordance with prior conceptual research identifying multiple dimensions of TFSV including digital sexual harassment, image-based sexual abuse, sexual aggression and/or coercion, and, gender and/or sexuality-based harassment (including virtual sexual violence). Results revealed significant differences in lifetime TFSV victimization for younger (18-24) and non-heterosexual identifying adults. Lifetime TFSV victimization for men and women was not significantly different, though women were more likely to report sexual harassment victimization and men were more likely to report victimization through the distribution of non-consensual images, as well as gender and/or sexuality-based harassment. The authors conclude that although women and men report experiencing similar overall prevalence of TFSV victimization, the nature and impacts of those experiences differ in particular gendered ways that reflect broader patterns in both gender relations and “offline” sexual harassment.
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Bartolomei, Linda, Rebecca Eckert, and Eileen Pittaway. "“What happens there ... follows us here”: Resettled but Still at Risk: Refugee Women and Girls in Australia." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.39618.

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UNHCR’s Women at Risk Program is designed to identify and respond to refugee women at extreme risk in countries of asylum who are in desperate need of resettlement. Many women who have been resettled under this program have been raped or faced forced engagement in survival sex, forced marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth as a result of rape. Drawing on a decade of research undertaken by the authors across 18 international sites, this article explores the experience of refugee women at risk resettled to Australia. It discusses the impacts of sexual violence on their settlement, including those of shame and stigma. It identifies that, while for some women at risk, resettlement offers hoped for safety and protection, for others the abuses they faced prior to resettlement resurface and are compounded by new risks and violations of their rights. It introduces a risk assessment tool designed to assist service providers to identify and respond to these risks.
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Rees, Susan, Lisa Simpson, Clare A. McCormack, Batool Moussa, and Sue Amanatidis. "Believe #metoo: sexual violence and interpersonal disclosure experiences among women attending a sexual assault service in Australia: a mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e026773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026773.

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ObjectivesSexual abuse is a strong predictor of future psychiatric problems. A more nuanced qualitative understanding of mental health outcomes, in the context of interpersonal responses from family members towards survivors after sexual abuse, may help to better inform prevention and interventions.DesignA mixed-methods approach included a qualitative timeline method to map and identify contextual factors and mediating emotional responses associated with mental disorder following sexual abuse.SettingParticipants were adult survivors of sexual abuse, seeking support from the Sexual Assault Counselling Service, Sydney Local Health District, Australia.ParticipantsThirty women 18 years and older with current or past mental disorder or symptoms were interviewed between August 2015 and May 2016.Outcome measuresA qualitative timeline interview and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, 5.5.0) were applied.ResultsThe MINI prevalence of current post-traumatic stress disorder was 96.6% (n=28) and of major depressive disorder was 82.8% (n=24). More than half (53%) reported suicidal ideation at some time in their lives. Women exposed to childhood sexual abuse reported being ignored, not believed, or threatened with retribution on disclosing the abuse to others, usually adult family members, at or close to the time of the violation(s). Participants described experiences of self-blame, betrayal, and psychosocial vulnerability as being the responses that connected negative disclosure experiences with mental disorder. Participant accounts suggest that these reactions created the foundations for both immediate and long-term adverse psychological outcomes.ConclusionA more in-depth understanding of the type and emotional impact of negative responses to disclosure by parents and other family members, and the barriers to adequate support, validation and trust, may inform strategies to avert much of the longer-term emotional difficulties and risks that survivors encounter following childhood abuse experiences. These issues should receive closer attention in research, policy, and practice.
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Glover, Karen, Deirdre Gartland, Cathy Leane, Arwen Nikolof, Donna Weetra, Yvonne Clark, Rebecca Giallo, and Stephanie J. Brown. "Development, acceptability and construct validity of the Aboriginal Women’s Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS): a co-designed, multiphase study nested within an Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander birth cohort." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e059576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059576.

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ObjectiveFew studies employ culturally safe approaches to understanding Indigenous women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was to develop a brief, culturally safe, self-report measure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s experiences of different types of IPV.DesignMultistage process to select, adapt and test a modified version of the Australian Composite Abuse Scale using community discussion groups and pretesting. Revised draft measure tested in Wave 2 follow-up of an existing cohort of Aboriginal families. Psychometric testing and revision included assessment of the factor structure, construct validity, scale reliability and acceptability to create the Aboriginal Women’s Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS).SettingSouth Australia, Australia.Participants14 Aboriginal women participated in discussion groups, 58 women participated in pretesting of the draft version of the AEPVS and 216 women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study completed the revised draft version of the adapted measure.ResultsThe initial version of the AEPVS based on item review and adaptation by the study’s Aboriginal Advisory Group comprised 31 items measuring physical, emotional and financial IPV. After feedback from community discussion groups and two rounds of testing, the 18-item AEPVS consists of three subscales representing physical, emotional and financial IPV. All subscales had excellent construct validity and internal consistency. The AEPVS had high acceptability among Aboriginal women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study.ConclusionsThe AEPVS is the first co-designed, multidimensional measure of Aboriginal women’s experience of physical, emotional and financial IPV. The measure demonstrated cultural acceptability and construct validity within the setting of an Aboriginal-led, community-based research project. Validation in other settings (eg, primary care) and populations (eg, other Indigenous populations) will need to incorporate processes for community governance and tailoring of research processes to local community contexts.
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Taket, Ann, Lorna O’Doherty, Jodie Valpied, and Kelsey Hegarty. "What do Australian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Abuse Want From Family and Friends?" Qualitative Health Research 24, no. 7 (June 12, 2014): 983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732314540054.

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Bagshaw, Dale, and Donna Chung. "The needs of children who witness domestic violence: A South Australian study." Children Australia 26, no. 3 (2001): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010294.

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There is now increasing recognition that child abuse and domestic violence are not separate phenomena and ‘witnessing’ domestic violence can seriously affect children. This paper reports on a qualitative research project undertaken by researchers from the University of South Australia from June 1998 to January 1999, as part of the Commonwealth and States’ Partnerships Against Domestic Violence initiative. The focus of the research was on assessing the needs of women, men and young people who have experienced domestic violence in South Australia. The participants identified many ‘effects’ of witnessing or experiencing domestic violence on children, along with their needs. The findings will inform early intervention campaigns as well as broader service systems in supporting and responding to the needs of these young people.
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Waling, Andrea, Anthony Lyons, Beatrice Alba, Victor Minichiello, Catherine Barrett, Mark Hughes, Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, and Samantha Edmonds. "Trans Women’s Perceptions of Residential Aged Care in Australia." British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 5 (October 24, 2019): 1304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz122.

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Abstract Many older people in trans communities in Australia and elsewhere have experienced long histories of violence and discrimination in the health and social care sectors, making some of them fearful of interacting with contemporary health and social care providers. This study explored older trans women’s perceptions of these services. It involved a qualitative, thematic analysis of semi-structured, one-on-one audio-recorded interviews with ten trans women aged sixty years and older in Australia. Participants expressed a number of concerns about using residential facilities for older people in Australia, including potential for abuse and discrimination as a result of being trans, and not having access to appropriate treatments. Participants indicated a range of alternatives in using services, such as renovating the home, relocating to areas with greater access to trans-inclusive services and potential euthanasia. Participants perceived that service providers were not adequately trained for trans and gender diverse needs, and highlighted a number of ways aged care services could better support the trans and gender diverse community. The findings provide important information to assist health and social care professionals, including social workers, as well as residential care service providers, in supporting the health and well-being of older trans women.
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Wrigley-Carr, Robyn. "“Supernatural” Forgiveness." Theology Today 75, no. 4 (January 2019): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573618810380.

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Forgiveness is a complex theological concept and a complicated and nuanced reality. In this article we hear the voices of two women writing from the standpoint of Christian theology. First, Evelyn Underhill, a British, mystical theologian and spiritual director (1875–1941) who was the first woman to lecture in theology at the University of Oxford. In her retreat talks, “Abba,” Underhill teaches that forgiveness is “supernatural,” a reality enabled by the Spirit. Second, Underhill’s insights are “earthed” and critically reflected upon by being placed in dialogue with Monique Lisbon, a contemporary, Australian songwriter and survivor of child sex abuse. Excerpts from Underhill’s spiritual direction further ground and flesh out her spiritual theology concerning forgiveness. The article closes with hope, affirming Underhill’s theology that forgiveness is “supernatural,” yet questions remain concerning the complexity of the forgiveness journey for victims of the most heinous of crimes.
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Broidy, Lisa, Jason Payne, and Alex R. Piquero. "Making Sense of Heterogeneity in the Influence of Childhood Abuse, Mental Health, and Drug Use on Women’s Offending Pathways." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 10 (June 14, 2018): 1565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818776687.

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Building from the developmental and life course literature and the feminist pathways literature, we aim to detail when and how exposure to abuse in childhood shapes female offending trajectories. Using data from 470 female offenders in Australia, our analyses assess whether internalizing symptoms and drug use help explain the link between early abuse and later offending among females. We then examine whether these links are most acute for females who onset early and evidence chronic involvement in offending. In support of the feminist pathways model, we find evidence for a pathway from early abuse to internalizing symptoms to drug use and then offending. In addition, and in line with the life course literature, we also find important differences in how these risks unfold across women, depending particularly on age of onset and offending chronicity. We reflect on the implications of our findings for theory and intervention with respect to female offending.
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Stone, Una, Marg Liddell, and Marietta Martinovic. "Incarcerated Mothers: Issues and Barriers for Regaining Custody of Children." Prison Journal 97, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885517703957.

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In Victoria, Australia, the rate of female incarceration has continued to rise in the last decade. The majority of women prisoners are primary caregivers of their children. This article examines issues mothers face in mothering, both inside and outside prison, as seen by professionals and stakeholders who support them. Reunification of mothers and children is hampered by factors such as poverty, homelessness, abuse, and lack of access to services. Research and government interventions to address incarcerated mothers’ situations have had little positive impact for over 50 years.
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Gallen, James, and Kate Gleeson. "Unpaid wages: the experiences of Irish Magdalene Laundries and Indigenous Australians." International Journal of Law in Context 14, no. 01 (November 28, 2017): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552317000568.

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AbstractThis paper will evaluate the obstacles faced by victim-survivors of historical abuse, particularly victim-survivors of forced labour in Magdalene Laundries in Ireland and the stolen wages of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, in a post-colonial transitional justice framework. First, the paper identifies challenges in contextualising comparative interdisciplinary historical research in terms of transitional justice. Second, the paper considers the economic contribution of unpaid labour in the Australian and Irish contexts and, third, goes on to examine the historical denial of rights and redress in both settings. The paper then evaluates the different challenges in responding to legacies of historical abuse, especially unpaid wages in both states. A final section concludes with the argument that redress provided in both instances represents a form of paternalism perpetuating the colonial approach to governance, rather than the provision of the legal rights of citizens, and that this paternalism has specific implications for women who continue to be marginalised by contemporary regimes.
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Yellowlees, Peter M., and Anil V. Kaushik. "The Broken Hill Psychopathology Project." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486749202600203.

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The main objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric disorders seen in patients presenting for treatment in rural New South Wales. The patients were seen primarily in the community, in both public and private practice, but also in the local base hospital and prison. Seven hundred and seven patients were consecutively examined during the study period. The results of this study were compared with a previous Australia-wide study to identify specific disorders that were more prevalent in rural areas. Alcohol abuse and dependence stood out as being much more prevalent. Life problems such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and incest occurred commonly in women referred for psychiatric assessment. More than ten percent of the study patients were children aged under 17, who had similar prevalence rates of the various psychiatric disorders to a national comparison. It is concluded that alcohol abuse is very common in rural New South Wales, particularly in men, although there are also high rates in women, and this is probably related, in part at least, to the high rates of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest. It appears probable that there is a cycle of alcohol abuse in men leading to domestic violence and sexual abuse in women and children. This may contribute to the latter becoming anxious and depressed. The rates of the major functional psychiatric disorders were similar to those seen nationally. There is a great need for the maldistribution of psychiatrists between metropolitan and rural areas to be addressed.
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Schofield, Margot J., and Gita D. Mishra. "Three Year Health Outcomes Among Older Women at Risk of Elder Abuse: Women's Health Australia." Quality of Life Research 13, no. 6 (August 2004): 1043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:qure.0000031343.15372.a5.

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Quinlivan, Julie A., Rodney W. Petersen, and Lyle C. Gurrin. "Adolescent Pregnancy: Psychopathology Missed." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00592.x.

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Objectives: Few data exist that explore the level of psychosocial problems and drug abuse in an Australian, adolescent, antenatal population. We set out to audit these data from a population of pregnant Western Australian adolescents. We also set out to examine whether social issues and the use of non-prescription drugs are routinely addressed in general public antenatal clinics. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients were involved in the prospective cohort study. In the assessed group, 100 consecutive patients from the King Edward Memorial Hospital Adolescent Antenatal Clinic were interviewed during the antenatal period to determine if any major psychosocial issues or a history of non-prescription drug abuse was present. The control group consisted of 60 adolescent patients who delivered in general antenatal clinics at three Perth metropolitan hospitals. Results: Sixty percent of the assessed group were identified as having a major psychosocial problem that interfered with their ability to carry out acts of daily living. Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, heroin and solvents were higher than that reported for the general Australian adolescent population. Of note, in the control group, many patients did not have a social, psychological, or drug use history taken by their caregivers. Conclusion: Failure to identify psychosocial problems and drug abuse during the antenatal period will result in missed opportunities for positive intervention. These problems are common in this population and interventions are required to offer these women alternative foundations upon which to base their mothercraft skills.
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MacIsaac, Michael B., Lyndal Bugeja, Tracey Weiland, Jeremy Dwyer, Kav Selvakumar, and George A. Jelinek. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Interpersonal Violence in People Dying From Suicide in Victoria, Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 1 (November 26, 2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539517743615.

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Victims of interpersonal violence are known to be at increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts; however, few data exist on the impact that violence has on the risk of death from suicide. This study examined 2153 suicides (1636 males and 517 females) occurring between 2009 and 2012. Information was sourced from the Coroners Court of Victoria’s Suicide Register, a detailed database containing information on all Victorian suicides. Forty-two percent of women who died from suicide had a history of exposure to interpersonal violence, with 23% having been a victim of physical violence, 18% suffering psychological violence, and 16% experiencing sexual abuse. A large number of men who died from suicide had also been exposed to interpersonal violence, many of whom had perpetrated violence within the 6 weeks prior to their death. Targeted prevention, particularly removing barriers for men to seek help early after perpetrating violence is likely to have benefits in preventing suicide in both men and women.
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Warren, Amy, Trudi Marchant, Darcee Schulze, and Donna Chung. "From Economic Abuse to Economic Empowerment: Piloting a Financial Literacy Curriculum With Women Who Have Experienced Domestic and Family Violence." Affilia 34, no. 4 (August 11, 2019): 498–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919868828.

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Economic abuse as a form of men’s violence against women has only been recently recognized as a form of violence in its own right. It is known to further exacerbate the detrimental long-term impacts of domestic and family violence on women and children. There is evidence to suggest the effectiveness of financial literacy programs in mitigating some of these impacts and improving women’s financial well-being in the longer term; however, there are very few domestic violence–informed, empirically evaluated programs internationally. This article reports the findings of a specialist domestic violence financial literacy curriculum, which was developed and piloted in Western Australia using pre–post measures and focus groups. These findings suggest that such financial literacy programs delivered in refuge settings have effective short-term outcomes among women. Lessons learned from the pilot and the implications for future implementation and scaling up of programs and research are also discussed.
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