Journal articles on the topic 'Abused pregnant women'
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Al Taifi, Hatoon A., Abdullah H. Alqahtani, and Nourah H. Al Qahtani. "Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Saudi Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Attitudes." International Journal of Risk and Recovery 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i1.3924.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has become a focus of attention in recent years, owing to its relatively high prevalence, its impact on maternal and fetal health, and its cumulative effects over time. This study aims to determine the magnitude and characteristics of IPV among pregnant Saudi Arabian women, to identify the factors that increase the risk, and to assess the willingness of abused women to report IPV. This is a cross-sectional, community-based survey of pregnant women in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A modified Abuse Assessment Score (AAS) questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic data were collected. Data related to willingness to report IPV, including reasons for declining to report IPV, were also collected. A total of 1,330 women completed the three parts of the survey. In total, 345 (25.9%) women reported emotional abuse during pregnancy, whereas 72 (5.4%)reported physical abuse and 180 (13.5%) reported sexual abuse. In emotional abuse, a significant association was found between having more children (p = .001), having a lower education (p = .05), having a lower income (p = .04), and being abused. In physical abuse during pregnancy, no significant associations were found between all variables and being abused. However, in reporting sexual abuse among women during pregnancy, a significant increase in the risk was found in those with four or more children (p = .01) and those who are employed (p = .01). More than two-thirds (71.2%) of abused pregnant women were unwilling to report the abusive acts to a medical authority. IPV is common among pregnant Saudi women. Emotional abuse is the commonest form of IPV, affecting one in four women. More than two-thirds of abused women were unwilling to report their partner’s abusive acts. Screening for IPV may encourage women to seek help and improve both maternal and fetal health.
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Rice, Michael J., and Kathie Records. "Cardiac Response Rate Variability in Physically Abused Women of Childbearing Age." Biological Research For Nursing 7, no. 3 (January 2006): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800405283567.
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Physical abuse directly affects maternal and fetal/infant health, with documented reports of higher rates of pregnancy termination, neonatal death, and lower birth weights. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend repeated interviews of women of childbearing age to screen for abuse, the paper-and-pencil instruments available for such screening are adversely affected by the hesitancy of women to disclose physical abuse. Biophysical measures of physiological stress adaptations may hold potential for identifying physically abused childbearing women. This pilot investigation used a Latin square design to assess the effects of physically abusive trauma on the cardiac rate response of three clinical groups and one control group of childbearing-age women. Participants were screened using the Child-bearing Health Questionnaire. Cardiac response rates were measured during a standardized orthostatic challenge using a Tanito cardiac rate response monitor. Forty participants participated with an average age of 27. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that there were significant differences between cardiac rate responses at the 5-min interval. Post hoc testing using Dunnett’s t indicated that only the abused pregnant women had significantly higher cardiac responses to orthostatic challenges; differences were apparent at the 5-min testing period. The findings suggest that physical abuse may alter the vasovagal response beyond the attenuation associated with pregnancy. These findings support further testing with larger samples to identify vasovagal changes in abused pregnant women.
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Antoniou, Evangelia. "Women’s Experiences of Domestic Violence during Pregnancy: A Qualitative Research in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 7069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197069.
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This qualitative research is the second part of a quantitative research that aims at recording the phenomenon of violence in pregnancy. The first part was carried out during August and September 2009 (N = 546). It was found out that the rate partner’s violence was 6%, while for 3.4% of the pregnant women, abuse started after the pregnancy. In the second part of this research, the semi-structured interview was used to investigate the way pregnant women experience violence. The sample comprised seven women abused by their partner (Ν = 7) at the women’s shelters of “Mitera” Babies’ Center and the National Social Solidarity Center between September 2010 and December 2011 and who accepted to participate in the research. The targets of the research were the investigation of the risk factors for the manifestation of violence, the profile of the victim and the perpetrator, the consequences of abuse for the woman, her reproductive health and the fetus. The majority of the abused pregnant women were foreigners and only two were Greek. The latter had experienced severe traumas (physical and psychological) since their childhood. Violence in their lives is the main characteristic of the foreign women seeking a better life in Greece, too. Alcohol use or abuse by the partners, poor socioeconomic background of the mothers and their partners, and pregnancy per se are the main risk factors of the violence against women in this period of their lives. Violence resulted in miscarriage in one case, while abortion was the alternative chosen by another as a solution to social exclusion and possible domestic violence. Anxiety and despair were the main psychological consequences. The small number of women included in the collection of qualitative data is a limitation for the research and decreases the reliability index of its results.
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Antoniou, Evangelia, and Georgios Iatrakis. "Domestic Violence During Pregnancy in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214222.
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There are no data about the prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy in Greece. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of domestic violence in a representative population of pregnant women in Greece. Five hundred and forty-six consecutive women, in outpatient clinics of two Public General Regional Hospitals in Athens, agreed to answer anonymously the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) questionnaire, translated into the Greek language. Five hundred and forty-six questionnaires were returned (100% response rate), revealing that the prevalence of domestic violence in pregnancy is 6%, with 3.4% of the sample having being abused since the beginning of pregnancy, mainly by their husband/partner. The factors associated with higher risk of abuse during pregnancy were nationality, socio-economic background, and educational level. Foreign women or women with a foreign partner, unemployed individuals, housewives, and university students faced a higher risk of being abused. A substantial age difference (≥10 years) in the couple, a history of abortions, and an undesired pregnancy also increased the risk of violence in pregnancy. These findings suggest that prenatal care is an important period for discussing abuse and, in the end, encouraging women to seek help.
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Muzrif, Munas M., Dinusha Perera, Kumudu Wijewardena, Berit Schei, and Katarina Swahnberg. "Domestic violence: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in different regions of Sri Lanka." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e017745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017745.
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ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to assess the regional differences in domestic violence among pregnant women in the capital district and in the tea plantation sector of Sri Lanka, to explore potential contributory factors and to assess whether healthcare workers addressed domestic violence and disclosure among survivors.DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out using interviewer-administered Abuse Assessment Screen.SettingFifty-seven antenatal clinic centres in the capital district and 30 in the tea plantation sector.ParticipantsPregnant women between 6 and 40 weeks of gestational age. In the capital district, 1375 women were recruited from antenatal clinic centres in the urban (n=25) and in the rural areas (n=32), and 800 women from 30 centres in the tea plantation sector. The response rate in the capital district was 95.6% and 96.7% in the tea plantation sector.ResultsAmong the total sample of pregnant women (n=2088), the prevalence of ‘ever abused’ was 38.6%, and the prevalence of ‘currently abused’ was 15.9%. ‘Ever abused’ (31.5% vs 50.8%) and ‘currently abused’ (10% vs 25.8%) were significantly higher (P<0.001) among the women living in the tea plantation sector. ‘Ever abused’ was associated with living in the tea plantation sector, being employed, living far from gender-based violence care centre and of Muslim ethnicity, after adjusting for age, education and family income. Only 38.8% of all participants had been asked by healthcare workers about abuse. Living in the tea plantation sector and lower level of education were associated with not being asked. Among those who reported ‘ever abused’, only 8.7% had disclosed the experience to a healthcare worker.ConclusionDomestic violence was prevalent and highest among women in the tea plantation sector compared with the capital district. The capacity of healthcare workers in addressing domestic violence should be increased.
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Hoyme, H. Eugene, Kenneth Lyons Jones, Suzanne D. Dixon, Tamison Jewett, James W. Hanson, Luther K. Robinson, M. E. Msall, and Judith E. Allanson. "Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Fetal Vascular Disruption." Pediatrics 85, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.5.743.
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The question of the potential teratogenicity of cocaine has been raised by the increasing frequency of its abuse in the United States. In previous studies, an increased incidence has been documented of spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and neurologic deficits in the infants of women who abused cocaine. More recently, it has been suggested in studies that fetal vascular disruption accompanying maternal cocaine abuse may lead to cavitary central nervous system lesions and genitourinary anomalies. In this article, 10 children born of women who abused cocaine are described, 9 of whom have congenital limb reduction defects and/or intestinal atresia or infarction. The spectrum of anomalies associated with embryonic and fetal vascular disruption accompanying maternal cocaine abuse is thus enlarged. The specific risk for congenital anomalies accompanying maternal cocaine abuse during an individual pregnancy is unknown. However, data from these patients and the available literature suggest that counseling pregnant women concerning cocaine use should incorporate warnings about the possibility of associated embryonic or fetal vascular disruption.
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McFARLANE, JUDITH, WILLIAM WIIST, and KAREN SOEKEN. "Use of Counseling by Abused Pregnant Hispanic Women." Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 8, no. 4 (May 1999): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.541.
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WIIST, WILLIAM H., and JUDITH McFARLANE. "Utilization of Police by Abused Pregnant Hispanic Women." Violence Against Women 4, no. 6 (December 1998): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801298004006004.
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Ilori, Oluwatosin Ruth, Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello, and Phillip Oluwatobi Awodutire. "Is Intimate Partner Violence More Common Among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women? A Comparative Study in Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 22 (January 2023): 232595822311518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582231151844.
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Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women. Pregnant women are also not exempted from the menace of IPV which has dire consequences for both the mother and child. There is an established link between HIV and IPV and both have a synergistic effect. This study is aimed at comparing the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of IPV among pregnant women living with HIV and HIV-negative pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Oyo state. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among women attending antenatal clinics in Oyo state using a multistage sampling technique. The study spanned through March and September 2019. The data collection was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire and the analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. The pattern and prevalence of IPV were measured using the Composite Abuse Scale, a 30-item validated interviewer-administered research instrument. It measured 4 dimensions of abuse: physical, emotional, severe, combined, and sexual harassment. A preliminary cut-off score of 7 was used to divide respondents into the presence or absence of IPV. A Chi-square test was used to test for an association between IPV and socio-demographic characteristics and a logistic regression was used at the multivariate level to identify the determinants of IPV. The P-value was set at <.05. Results: Out of the 240 booked pregnant women, 44.2% of HIV-negative respondents and 47.5% of women living with HIV reported being abused in the index pregnancy. Severe combined abuse was the most common type of abuse, 110 (75.1%), followed by emotional abuse, 70 (40.2%), physical abuse, 68 (39.3%), and sexual harassment, 67 (38.1%). Respondents living with HIV reported suffering more physical abuse than their HIV-negative counterparts. Occupation of respondents and duration of marriage determinants of IPV among HIV-positive participants are statistically significant while the duration of marriage was not statistically significant for IPV among HIV-negative respondents. Conclusion: This study recorded a high prevalence of IPV among pregnant women living with HIV and HIV-negative pregnant women with a slight increase in the group living with HIV. It is therefore recommended that IPV screening programs and intervention strategies should be developed for every pregnant woman, irrespective of their HIV status.
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Tagieva, F. A. "Characteristics of anthropometric indicators and eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 98, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-2-149-152.
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The paper presents the characteristics of anthropometric indicators and assessment of eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity. 213 pregnant women with abdominal obesity diagnosed before pregnancy (main group) were monitored. The control group consisted of 80 women who had a normal body mass index before pregnancy. When analyzing the differences in anthropometric indicators between the studied groups of pregnant women, statistically significant differences in the parameters of weight, BMI, OT/O ratio were revealed. The average BMI in pregnant women of the main group was 39,5 ± 0,57 kg/m2, which was 1,6 times higher than in women of the control group. In pregnant women with obesity, the ratio of OT/OB corresponded to 0,90 ± 0,004, which significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in women of the control group. Weight gain after the first pregnancy was indicated by 80 (37,5%) women of the main and 38 (47,5%) — control group. Evaluation of the eating behavior of obese patients showed that the nature of nutrition in almost half (48,0%) of obese women was irrational and excessive (3,8% in the control group), and 12,8% of patients abused various tonic drinks. Obese women are undoubtedly at high risk for developing complications during pregnancy.
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Akaba, Godwin O., and Habiba I. Abdullahi. "Intimate partner violence among postpartum women at a teaching hospital in Nigeria’s Federal Capital City: pattern and materno-fetal outcomes." Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health 14 (January 2020): 263349412092834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633494120928346.
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Background: Intimate partner violence is an important public health and human rights issue. Previous studies have considered intimate partner violence in pregnancy mainly among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics thereby missing out a few who may encounter this problem in late pregnancy or just before delivery. This study had the objective of ascertaining the prevalence, pattern of intimate partner violence, and associated materno-fetal outcomes. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and June 2017 among postpartum mothers at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital just before being discharged home. The abuse assessment score was adapted and used to interview women regarding possible intimate partner violence experiences within the past 1 year and during the pregnancy after obtaining written consent. Results: Out of 349 postpartum women interviewed, 102/349 (29.2%) experienced intimate partner violence in the past 1 year, while 18/349 (5.2%) of intimate partner violence occurred in the index pregnancy. Sexual partners were the main perpetuators of intimate partner violence, 67/102 (65.7%), while 35/102 (34.3%) were by someone else other than their sexual partners. Among those abused in the current pregnancy, 10/18 (55.6%) were abused once and the remaining 8/18 (44.4%) were abused more than once. Intimate partner violence was associated with higher chances of cesarean section ( p = 0.001), increased risk of lesser birth weight babies ( p = 0.014), and maternal complications in pregnancy ( p = 0.030). Conclusion: The prevalence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Abuja is high with associated poor materno-fetal outcomes. Enforcing existing legislations and screening for intimate partner violence during routine antenatal care may help reduce its prevalence and ensure a positive pregnancy experience for Nigerian women.
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Sapkota, Diksha, Debra Anderson, Amornrat Saito, and Kathleen Baird. "Domestic and Family Violence and its Association with Mental Health Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 19, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i1.2508.
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Background: Pregnancy has been identified as a vulnerable period for both the initiation and escalation in severity of domestic and family violence. There is a significant dearth of scholarly literature documenting the relationship of domestic and family violence with the mental health and quality of life among pregnant women of Nepal.Methods: Baseline data of 140 women enrolled in a trial of a psychosocial intervention for abused pregnant women were analysed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using standardised scales. Prevalence of domestic and family violence and mental health conditions were estimated and inferential statistics were used to assess the association of domestic and family violence with mental health, quality of life, social support, and use of safety behaviours.Results: The lifetime prevalence of domestic and family violence was found to be 27.7% (n = 173), followed by 17.1% of women (n = 107) fearing someone in their family. Domestic and family violence in the last 12 months was significantly associated with anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.005), quality of life (p < 0.05), and perceived social support (p = 0.001). Use of safety behaviours (p = 0.037) was significantly low among women reporting domestic and family violence in the past year as well as during the current pregnancy (p = 0.017).Conclusions: There exists a high psychological morbidity among pregnant women exposed to domestic and family violence. The findings support the need of implementing a screening and support intervention for abused women seeking antenatal services. Keywords: Association; domestic violence; mental health; observational study; prevalence
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Gurung, Saraj. "Experience of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 3, no. 1 (August 22, 2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8467.
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Pregnancy is seen as a time of joy and anticipation but sadly for some women it is a time when they suffer violence and abuse. Pregnancy can cause to stress in any type of relationship, and it’s a common cause of domestic violence. The emotional abuse and violence may begin or get worse during pregnancy. One third participants had experienced emotional and physical violence in present pregnancy. Participants experienced emotional violence such as: verbally abused, threatened to leave spousal house, threatened for remarriage, and restricted to enter the kitchen and their belongings were thrown out etc. Participants experienced punched, pushed on the floor/walls, slapped, kicked, beaten everywhere in the body, hit by fire wood and hair pulled. The causes were inter caste marriage, sub fertility, not working properly at home, dowry related and personal habits of alcoholism/ gambling of the husband etc. The consequences of domestic violence exhibited by the pregnant women felt pain and agony, feeling helpless, wanted to terminate pregnancy, wanted to break the marital relationship, feeling to suicide, backache, and high blood pressure. Experience of emotional violence is more prevalent than physical violence. Main causes of domestic violence are inter caste marriage, sub fertility, demanding of money and valuable things (dowry), drinking and gambling habit of husband and not working properly at home. Husbands and mother in-laws are the main perpetrators. Participants responded to domestic violence differently, by keeping silence, crying, and keeping busy in household chores and sharing/reporting to women groups. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 51-55 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8467
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Eisenman, David P., Erin Richardson, Lekeisha A. Sumner, Sawssan R. Ahmed, Honghu Liu, Jeannette Valentine, and Michael Rodríguez. "Intimate Partner Violence and Community Service Needs Among Pregnant and Postpartum Latina Women." Violence and Victims 24, no. 1 (February 2009): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.1.111.
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Health care providers are advised to refer abused women to needed community services. However, little is known about abused women’s perceived need for services, particularly among Latina women. We examined the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and perceived needs for legal, social, and job services among a prospective cohort of 210 pregnant Latinas. IPV was associated with needing social and legal services at most time points. Women with recent IPV experiences reported greater service needs than women with more remote IPV experiences, who in turn reported greater need than women without IPV experiences. We conclude that IPV may be associated with ongoing perceived needs for social and legal services among Latina perinatal patients.
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Jamieson, Brittany. "Exposure to Interpersonal Violence During Pregnancy and Its Association With Women’s Prenatal Care Utilization: A Meta-Analytic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018806511.
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Inadequate prenatal care utilization has been proposed as a mechanism between exposure to violence during pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal obstetric outcomes. Adequate prenatal care is important for identifying and treating obstetric complications as they arise and connecting pregnant women to supports and interventions as needed. There is some evidence that pregnant women experiencing relational violence may delay or never enter prenatal care, though this association has not been systematically or quantitatively synthesized. The present meta-analysis investigates the relationship between interpersonal violence during pregnancy and inadequate prenatal care utilization across two dimensions: (1) no prenatal care during gestation ( k = 9) and (2) delayed entry into prenatal care ( k = 25). Studies were identified via comprehensive search of 9 social science and health-related databases and relevant reference lists. Studies were included if (1) participants were human, (2) violence occurred in the context of an interpersonal relationship, (3) abuse occurred during pregnancy (including abuse within 12 months before the time of assessment during pregnancy), (4) the study was empirical, peer-reviewed, and included quantitative data, (5) prenatal care utilization data were available, (6) they were in English, and (7) they were not part of an intervention study. Results from random-effects models found that women abused during pregnancy were more likely to never enter care (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.55, 4.42]) or to delay care ( OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.48, 2.23]). Sociodemographic, abuse-related, and methodological factors emerged as moderators. Practice, policy, and research implications are discussed.
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Decker, Michele R., Sandra L. Martin, and Kathryn E. Moracco. "Homicide Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women Abused by Their Partners." Violence Against Women 10, no. 5 (May 2004): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801204264353.
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Kita, Sachiko, Kaori Umeshita, Hiromi Tobe, Mayu Hayashi, and Kiyoko Kamibeppu. "Intimate Partner Violence, Negative Attitudes Toward Pregnancy, and Mother-to-Fetus Bonding Failure Among Japanese Pregnant Women." Violence and Victims 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00093.
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We examined the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during pregnancy, negative attitudes toward pregnancy, and mother-to-fetus bonding. Participants were 636 pregnant women in the third trimester, who completed the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale, Violence Against Women Screen, and ad hoc questions (for IPV before pregnancy, negative attitudes, and demographics). We found association between IPV during pregnancy and mother-to-fetus bonding failure was mediated by negative attitudes toward pregnancy in the third trimester. IPV before pregnancy was associated with negative attitudes at the beginning of pregnancy, which predicted negative attitudes in the third trimester and mother-to-fetus bonding failure. Careful assessments and psychological interventions are needed to reduce negative attitudes toward pregnancy among abused women in antenatal health settings to prevent mother-to-fetus bonding failure.
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Moeini, Babak, Shyesteh Jahanfar, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Manoochehr Karami, Asadollah Naghdi, and Khadije Ezzati-Rastegar. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Women in the Poor Neighborhoods of Hamadan, Iran." Violence and Victims 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-19-00139.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs in all settings, especially in poor neighborhoods. It is considered to be a serious public health concern with serious consequences in the short and long term for abused women because of distinct barriers in obtaining support sources. Therefore this cross-sectional study focuses on the prevalence and the determinants of IPV among pregnant women residents in poor neighborhoods. Overall, 63.8% experienced at least one type of IPV. Also, educational status, family's monthly income, husband's employment status, and having a smoker husband were found to be important predictors of IPV against pregnant women. A better understanding of social determinants of violence can help decision-makers in developing effective policies. It is crucial to prioritize the poor neighborhoods for future interventions to reduce IPV imposed during pregnancy.
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Khan, Nishat Farhana, Nazrul Islam, Farhana Masum Chowdhury, and Ishtiaq Asadullah. "Physical abuse during pregnancy : an experience of 139 cases." Northern International Medical College Journal 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v5i1.23120.
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Objective : To assess pattern and proportion of physical abuse during pregnancy in relation to socio demographic characteristics of abused women.Material & Methods : A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in RADDA-MCH-FP Center, Mirpur-10, Dhaka during January to July 2011. A total of 139 pregnant women of reproductive age group (15-45) years who visited for antenatal check up were selected purposely. Data were collected through face to face interview using pretested structured questionnaire.Results : Socio demographic characteristics of respondents revealed that mean age 22.20 ± 39 years and husbands mean age 28.57 ± 5.39 years. Highest number of respondents education upto SSC level (49.6%). 74.8% were housewife; socio economic status was lower middle class, 18.7% had history of dowry. The proportion of physical abuse during pregnancy was 31.6%. Among them 15.83% had mixed type of abuse. Highly significant association was found with dowry (p 0.00) and planed pregnancy (p 0.006). A statistically significant association was found between respondents education level and physical abused (p<0.05) indicating respondents had low level of education increase physical abuse. A statistically significant association also found with residence (urban/slum) (p<0.05) and who had history of dowry (p<0.05).Conclusion : Physical abuse during pregnancy was mostly seen in the respondent who belongs to slum area and had low educational level. Therefore necessary step should be taken by health system as well as government to prevent physical abuse during pregnancy.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.5(1) 2013: 313-315
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Zou, Shaohong, Yong Zhang, Yuping Cao, and Yalin Zhang. "Correlation of maternal abuse during pregnancy with infant temperament and development." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 10 (June 22, 2015): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305450.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of domestic violence (DV) against pregnant women on their infant's development in China.Design247 mothers were interviewed using the Chinese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen, and all participants underwent postnatal assessment with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EDPS). Plasma glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and cortisol levels of the neonates were measured. After a 10-month follow-up, the infants were assessed using the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire (RITQ) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID).Results86 infants of abused mothers (DV group) and 137 infants of non-abused mothers (non-DV group) completed the 10-month follow-up. Neonate levels of plasma Glu, GABA and cortisol were significantly higher in the DV group than in the non-DV group. Scores for the temperament factors, rhythmicity, approach/withdrawal, mood, distractibility and persistence, of the RITQ were rated significantly higher, and results for the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) of the BSID were significantly lower in the DV group than in the non-DV group at 10 months. After adjustment for the EPDS as a covariate, only distractibility of the RITQ showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In correlation analysis, infant mood correlated significantly with levels of plasma Glu (β=0.2345) and GABA (β=0.2554), whether or not the EPDS scores were adjusted. Infant persistence and threshold of stimuli scores did not correlate significantly with DV during pregnancy after adjustment for the EPDS.ConclusionsDV against pregnant women may be associated with impaired temperament and development in their infants.
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Oweis, Arwa. "Abused Pregnant Women??s Interactions with Healthcare Providers During the Childbearing Year." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 31, no. 6 (November 2006): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200611000-00019.
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King, Elizabeth A., Robin Britt, Judith M. McFarlane, and Chris Hawkins. "Bacterial Vaginosis and Chlamydia Trachomatis Among Pregnant Abused and Nonabused Hispanic Women." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 29, no. 6 (November 2000): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02074.x.
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Procentese, Fortuna, Immacolata Di Napoli, Filomena Tuccillo, Alessandra Chiurazzi, and Caterina Arcidiacono. "Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions and Concerns towards Domestic Violence during Pregnancy in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 25, 2019): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173087.
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Background: Literature on pregnancy highlighted a large number of women abused by their partners, especially among low-income teenagers attending hospital for pregnancy check-ups. Pregnancy represents a key moment for diagnosing domestic violence. Method: This study explores health professionals’ perceptions and concerns about domestic violence against women in services dealing with pregnant women. The twenty-four interviewees were from an Obstetrical-Gynecological walk-in Clinic in the south of Italy. The textual data has been complementarily analyzed by means of two different procedures: Symbolic-structural semiotic analysis and Thematic content analysis. Results: What emerges is that the interviewees of the clinic do not regard the issue of domestic violence as a matter of direct interest for the health service. The clinic is seen as a place for urgent contact, but one where there is not enough time to dedicate to this kind of patient, nor an adequate space to care for and listen to them. Obstetricians and health personnel expressed a negative attitude when it comes to including questions regarding violence and abuse in pre-natal reports. Training for health and social professionals and the empowering of institutional support and networking practices are needed to increase awareness of the phenomenon among the gynecological personnel.
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Bauleni, Esther M., Leesa Hooker, Hassan P. Vally, and Angela Taft. "Intimate-partner violence and reproductive decision-making by women attending Victorian Maternal- and Child-Health services: a cross-sectional study." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 5 (2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17183.
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The reproductive years are a critical period where women experience greater risk of intimate-partner violence (IPV). Most studies investigating the association between IPV and reproductive health have been completed in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine the relationship between IPV and women’s reproductive decision-making in Victoria, Australia. We analysed secondary data from a cluster-randomised trial of IPV screening that surveyed new mothers attending Maternal- and Child-Health centres in Melbourne. Survey measures included the experience of partner abuse in the past 12 months using the Composite Abuse Scale and four reproductive decision-making indicators. Results showed that IPV affects reproductive decision-making among postpartum women. Women who reported abuse were less likely to plan for a baby (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.75) than were non-abused women, significantly more likely to have partners make decisions for them about contraception (Risk ratio (RR) 4.09, 95% CI: 1.31–12.75), and whether and when to have a baby (RR 12.35, 95% CI: 4.46–34.16), than they were to make decisions jointly. Pregnant and postpartum women need to be screened for partner violence that compromises women’s decision-making power regarding their reproductive rights.
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Hatcher, Abigail M., Nataly Woollett, Christina C. Pallitto, Keneoue Mokoatle, Heidi Stöckl, and Claudia Garcia-Moreno. "Willing but Not Able: Patient and Provider Receptiveness to Addressing Intimate Partner Violence in Johannesburg Antenatal Clinics." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 7 (May 22, 2016): 1331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516651094.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with maternal and infant health. However, in South Africa, where 20% to 35% of pregnant women report experiencing IPV, antenatal care rarely addresses violence. Little research has explored how clinic staff, community members, or pregnant women themselves view IPV. We conducted formative, qualitative research with 48 participants in urban Johannesburg. Focus group discussions with pregnant women ( n = 13) alongside qualitative interviews with health providers ( n = 10), managers and researchers ( n = 10), non-governmental organizations ( n = 6), community leaders ( n = 4), and pregnant abused women ( n = 5) explored the context of IPV and health care response. Data were analyzed using a team approach to thematic coding in NVivo 10. We found that pregnant women in the urban Johannesburg setting experience multiple forms of IPV, but tend not to disclose violence to antenatal care providers. Providers are alert to physical injuries or severe outcomes from IPV, but miss subtler cues, such as emotional distress or signs of poor mental health. Providers are uncertain how to respond to IPV, and noted few existing tools, training, or referral systems. Nevertheless, providers were supportive of addressing IPV, as they noted this as a common condition in this setting. Providers and managers considered the safety and well-being of mother and infant to be a strong rationale for the identification of IPV. Pregnant women were receptive to being asked about violence in a kind and confidential way. Understaffing, insufficient training, and poorly developed referral systems were noted as important health system problems to address in future interventions. South African patients and providers are receptive to the identification of and response to IPV in antenatal care, but require tools and training to be able to safely address violence in the health care setting. Future interventions should consider the urban South African antenatal clinic a supportive, if under-resourced, entry point for improving the health of pregnant women experiencing violence.
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Miller, Suzanne M. "Case Studies: Profiles of Women Recovering from Drug Addiction." Journal of Drug Education 25, no. 2 (June 1995): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pmcl-7xh3-p64a-81cy.
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These case studies profile two women who abused alcohol and other drugs while pregnant and describes their recovery from the addiction. They examine from an ecological framework the women's experience with drug addiction, treatment, and recovery and recounts their situations through each [1]. This research uses in-depth interviews as its data source. Further, these studies contain direct quotes from the women orally sharing their thoughts. Their quotes are not edited or changed by any kind of systems for the purpose of capturing the thoughts of the women.
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Mazza, Marianna, Emanuele Caroppo, Giuseppe Marano, Daniela Chieffo, Lorenzo Moccia, Delfina Janiri, Lucio Rinaldi, Luigi Janiri, and Gabriele Sani. "Caring for Mothers: A Narrative Review on Interpersonal Violence and Peripartum Mental Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105281.
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Interpersonal violence in the perinatal period is frequent and should be considered a prominent health issue due to the risk of escalation of violence and the significant impact on mothers’ parenting after childbirth. Domestic violence during pregnancy can be associated with fatal and non-fatal adverse health outcomes due to the direct trauma to a pregnant woman’s body and to the effect of stress on fetal growth and development. Emotional violence is a risk factor for prenatal and/or postpartum depression. Recent studies focusing on abusive situations during peripartum and possible preventive strategies were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All of the available literature was retrospectively reviewed with a special attention to peer-reviewed publications from the last ten years. Results of the present narrative review suggest that perinatal health care professionals (general practitioners, gynecologists, obstetricians, psychologists, psychiatrists) should promptly detect interpersonal violence during and after pregnancy and provide health care for pregnant women. It seems pivotal to guarantee psychological care for abused women before, during, and after pregnancy in order to prevent the risk of depressive symptoms, other mental or physical sequelae, and mother-to-infant bonding failure. There is an urgent need for multifaceted interventions: programs should focus on several risk factors and should design tailored care pathways fitted to the specific needs of women and finalized to support them across the lifespan.
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Bloom, Tina L., Nancy E. Glass, James Case, Courtney Wright, Kimberly Nolte, and Lindsay Parsons. "Feasibility of an Online Safety Planning Intervention for Rural and Urban Pregnant Abused Women." Nursing Research 63, no. 4 (2014): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0000000000000036.
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Demelash, Habtamu, Dabere Nigatu, and Ketema Gashaw. "A Case-Control Study on Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight, Southeast Ethiopia." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/394875.
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Introduction. Violence against women has serious consequences for their reproductive and sexual health including birth outcomes. In Ethiopia, though the average parity of pregnant women is much higher than in other African countries, the link between intimate partner violence with low birth weight is unknown.Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between intimate partner violence and low birth weight among pregnant women.Method. Hospital based case-control study was conducted among 387 mothers (129 cases and 258 controls). Anthropometric measurements were taken both from mothers and their live births. The association between intimate partner violence and birth weight was computed through bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and statistical significance was declared atP<0.05.Result. Out of 387 interviewed mothers, 100 (25.8%) had experienced intimate partner violence during their index pregnancy period. Relatively more mothers of low birth weight infants were abused (48%) compared with controls (16.4%). Those mothers who suffered acts of any type of intimate partner violence during pregnancy were three times more likely to have a newborn with low birth weight (95% CI; (1.57 to 7.18)). The association between overall intimate partner violence and LBW was adjusted for potential confounder variables.Conclusion. This research result gives insight for health professional about the importance of screening for intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Health care providers should consider violence in their practice and try to identify women at risk.
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Tomášková, Anežka, Romana Šlamberová, and Marie Černá. "Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain." Epigenomes 4, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4030014.
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Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15–34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.
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Kearney, Margaret H., Lois A. Haggerty, Barbara H. Munro, and Joellen W. Hawkins. "Birth Outcomes and Maternal Morbidity in Abused Pregnant Women With Public Versus Private Health Insurance." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 35, no. 4 (October 2003): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00345.x.
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Tiwari, A., W. C. Leung, T. W. Leung, J. Humphreys, B. Parker, and P. C. Ho. "A randomised controlled trial of empowerment training for Chinese abused pregnant women in Hong Kong." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112, no. 9 (June 29, 2005): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00709.x.
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Kain, Zeev N., Linda C. Mayes, Cynthia A. Ferris, Juliana Pakes, and Richard Schottenfeld. "Cocaine-abusing Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Section." Anesthesiology 85, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 1028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199611000-00010.
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Background Cocaine use in the United States is prevalent among pregnant women from inner city neighborhoods. To determine the anesthetic implications of cocaine use in parturients undergoing cesarean section delivery, the authors conducted a cohort study. Methods One thousand nine hundred seven women presenting for prenatal care were interviewed regarding substance abuse. Urine was analyzed for benzoylecgonine, tetrahydracannabinol, benzodiazepines, and opioids. Next all parturients who underwent cesarean section delivery were identified and their records reviewed for anesthetic and obstetric outcomes. Results Among the 51 women who were classified as cocaine abusers, the most frequent reasons for cesarean section were fetal distress (48%) and abruptio placenta (21%). In a multivariate model, cocaine abuse before delivery was shown to be an independent predictor of preoperative diastolic hypertension (F = 10.6, P = 0.01). Similarly, univariate analysis showed that immediately after intubation, diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher among parturients who used cocaine (99 +/- 13 mmHg v. 87 +/- 18 mmHg; P = 0.02). In contrast, epidural anesthesia was associated with hypotension significantly more often among cocaine-abusing parturients (44% vs. 10%; P = 0.04). A higher rate of perioperative wheezing was reported among patients who abused cocaine (16% vs. 6%; relative risk = 2.7); this finding, however, did not persist in multivariate analysis. Operative blood loss was similar in all groups (P = NS), and no ventricular dysrhythmias or cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic episodes were reported in any of the parturients. Conclusions Although cocaine-abusing parturients are at higher risk for interim peripartum events such as hypertension, hypotension, and wheezing episodes, there is no significant increase in rates of maternal morbidity or death.
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Daley, M. "Characteristics and treatment needs of sexually abused pregnant women in drug rehabilitation The Massachusetts MOTHERS project." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 14, no. 2 (April 1997): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-5472(96)00123-7.
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Kunseler, Florentina C., Mirjam Oosterman, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Marije L. Verhage, and Carlo Schuengel. "Weakened Resilience in Parenting Self-Efficacy in Pregnant Women Who Were Abused in Childhood: An Experimental Test." PLOS ONE 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): e0141801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141801.
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Alves, Martha, Sandra Graham-Bermann, Erin Hunter, Laura E. Miller-Graff, and Sarah M. Schomer. "Coercive Control and the Stay–Leave Decision: The Role of Latent Tactics Among a Sample of Abused Pregnant Women." Violence and Victims 32, no. 5 (2017): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00103.
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Prior research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and a survivor’s decision whether to remain in or leave a violent relationship has often been framed by the question “why do they stay?” This study looks reframe the discussion and examine one facet of this stay–leave decision: abusers’ use of coercive control tactics. Using a qualitative approach with a sample of pregnant women exposed to IPV, we sought to expand on the current knowledge by looking at coercive control more broadly via an open-ended assessment. Interview responses show that (a) coercive control was experienced by most of the women in this sample and (b) coercion most often took the form of “latent” or hidden control, including such tactics as providing incentives, showing remorse, and making promises. However, such latent coercive tactics are rarely assessed in IPV survivors and represent an important factor deserving of further research and recognition.
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Rollero, Chiara, and Federica Speranza. "Intimate Partner Violence and Resilience: The Experience of Women in Mother-Child Assisted Living Centers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228318.
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Research has largely documented the damaging consequences of intimate partner violence. However, the literature presents an important gap in the identification of factors that may strengthen resilience in the victims, especially in the case of mothers and pregnant women. The present study aimed at investigating the experience of abused mothers engaged in an educative path in a Mother–Child Assisted Living Center. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight women. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) improvement in the mother–child relationship; (2) a process of personal change during the educative path; (3) the rebuilding of trust relationships; and (4) attitudes and hopes toward the future. Taken together, these findings highlight the process of resilience, conceived from a socioecological perspective as the ability to use resources rooted in interconnected systems. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Sastry, BV. "Placental toxicology: tobacco smoke, abused drugs, multiple chemical interactions, and placental function." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 3, no. 4 (1991): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9910355.
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There are increasing numbers of reports on the tobacco smoking and ingestion of abused drugs (e.g. morphine, cocaine) by pregnant women and the effects of the substances on the developing fetus and newborn infant. The passage of drugs and chemicals from the mother to the fetus is influenced by the placental transport and metabolism of the substances. Further, these drugs and chemicals affect the nutrient transport systems in the placenta. The three major drugs of abuse-nicotine, morphine and cocaine-depress both active amino-acid uptake by human placental villi and transplacental amino-acid transport by reason of the drugs' influence on placental cholinergic and opiate systems. Part of this depression (10-16%) is not reversible. Nicotine blocks the cholinergic receptor and thus blocks acetylcholine (ACh)-facilitated amino-acid transport. Morphine stimulates opiate kappa receptors and depresses ACh release. Cocaine blocks Ca2+ influx and thus blocks ACh release. ACh causes dilation of blood vessels and maintains placental blood flow by the activation of endothelial muscarinic receptors. By interfering with ACh release and placental blood flow, the three drugs of abuse may depress the diffusion of amino acids and other nutrients from the trophoblast into the placental circulation. Three regulatory systems are delineated for amino-acid uptake by the placenta: placental ACh, phospholipid N-methyltransferase, and the gammaglutamyl cycle. These systems operate in concert with one another and are dependent on cellular formation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Placental hypoxia induced by carbon monoxide and other tobacco gases depresses the energy-dependent processes and thus the ATP levels of placental cells. Maternal tobacco smoking and drug abuse cause placental insufficiencies for amino-acid transport, which may partially explain the fetal intrauterine growth retardation caused by these substances. Part of the amino-acid deficits may be compensated for by the induction of new amino-acid transport systems. Specific receptors or drug-binding proteins for the three drugs of abuse are present in the placenta. A DNA adduct selective for maternal smoking has been demonstrated in the placenta. DNA adducts selective for cocaine, morphine and other environmental chemicals have yet to be demonstrated ins the placenta.
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Ostrea, Enrique M., Mark Brady, Sybil Gause, Anna Lisa Raymundo, and Maria Stevens. "Drug Screening of Newborns by Meconium Analysis: A Large-Scale, Prospective, Epidemiologic Study." Pediatrics 89, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.1.107.
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A large-scale, prospective drug screening of newborns by meconium analysis was done to determine more accurately the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of drug use in a high-risk urban, obstetric population. Every other neonate delivered in a perinatal center from November 1988 to September 1989 was prospectively enrolled and their meconium was analyzed by radioimmunoassay for the metabolites of three commonly abused drugs—cocaine, morphine (opiates), and cannabinoid. In 3010 subjects studied, 44% were positive for cocaine, morphine, or cannabinoid; 31% were positive for cocaine, 21% for morphine, and 12% for cannabinoid. In contrast, only 335 (11%) mothers admitted to illicit drug use: 52% of their newborns had a positive urine drug screen and 88% had a positive meconium drug screen. Prevalence of drug use among the pregnant women varied per month. A profile of the pregnant addict in the population studied was noted (P < .001): service patient, single, multigravid (>3), and little or no prenatal care. The major problems associated with drug use during pregnancy were principally noted in the group that was exposed to cocaine and opiates and in the group where the mothers admitted to the use of illicit drugs. On the other hand, a large number of neonates who have been exposed to drugs in utero, particularly those whose mothers denied the use of drugs, appear normal at birth and may not be recognized. Improved detection of these newborns at risk can be achieved with a high index of suspicion and meconium drug analysis.
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Sapkota, Diksha, Kathleen Baird, Amornrat Saito, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Rita Pokharel, Susma Basnet, and Debra Anderson. "Development and Validation of an Information Booklet Aimed at Promoting Mental Health for Pregnant Women with a History of Abuse." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i4.2017.
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Background: Mental health needs of victims of domestic and family violence are often overlooked. A booklet was designed to help women update their knowledge and skills in effective coping with domestic and family violence and support them in developing effective stress reduction and problem management techniques. In addition, this booklet is believed to serve as a reference for further use. This paper describes the development process and validation of the information booklet. This booklet was used during an intervention trial conducted in Nepal to educate abused pregnant women.Methods: This methodological study involved three stages: bibliographical survey, development of the booklet, and validation by specialists in the relevant fields and representatives of the target audiences. A total of eight experts, currently working in the field of domestic violence and/or midwifery, and 15 representatives of the target participants were involved in the validation process. A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.78 was considered for content validation, and minimum agreement of 75% for face validation.Results: The booklet presented a global Content Validity Index of 0.92. The overall level of agreement within the target participants was 86.3%, which was higher than the minimum recommended level. Both subject experts and participants positively evaluated the adequacy, coverage and readability of contents of the booklet.Conclusions: The booklet was validated using content and face validity. This validated booklet is expected to be an effective tool for communication that would help pregnant women cope better with domestic and family violence and adopt strategies to remain emotionally healthy.Keywords: Booklet; development; domestic violence; validation studies.
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Henriksen, Lena, Berit Schei, Siri Vangen, and Mirjam Lukasse. "Sexual violence and neonatal outcomes: a Norwegian population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 4, no. 10 (October 2014): e005935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005935.
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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the association between sexual violence and neonatal outcomes.DesignNational cohort study.SettingWomen were recruited to the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) while attending routine ultrasound examinations from 1999 to 2008.PopulationA total of 76 870 pregnant women.MethodsSexual violence and maternal characteristics were self-reported in postal questionnaires during pregnancy. Neonatal outcomes were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Risk estimations were performed with linear and logistic regression analysis. Outcome measures: gestational age at birth, birth weight, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA).ResultsOf 76 870 women, 18.4% reported a history of sexual violence. A total of 4.7% delivered prematurely, 2.7% had children with a birth weight <2500 g and 8.1% children were small for their gestational age. Women reporting moderate or severe sexual violence (rape) had a significantly reduced gestational length (2 days) when the birth was provider-initiated in an analysis adjusted for age, parity, education, smoking, body mass index and mental distress. Those exposed to severe sexual violence had a significantly reduced gestational length of 0.51 days with a spontaneous start of birth. Crude estimates showed that severe sexual violence was associated with PTB, LBW and SGA. When controlling for the aforementioned sociodemographic and behavioural factors, the association was no longer significant.ConclusionsSexual violence was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Moderate and severe violence had a small but significant effect on gestational age; however, the clinical influence of this finding is most likely limited. Women exposed to sexual violence in this study reported more of the sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with PTB, LBW and SGA compared with non-abused women.
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Natasya Putri Ispriarga Pungky. "Sanksi Pidana Pelaku yang Menawarkan Obat Pelancar Datang Bulan." Jurist-Diction 5, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 1905–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jd.v5i5.38557.
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AbstractMedication for menstruation which was originally used by women to launch menstruation and relieve pain when menstruation comes is abused. Medication for menstruation is believed to shed the fetus found in the womb of a woman. Therefore, many parties are not responsible for often promoting the drug and offering it to women who are pregnant out of wedlock, because expediting drugs are classified as having relatively low prices and are easy to obtain because they are sold freely on the market. To ask for help offered by surfers coming this month has not been officially regulated in the regulatory arrangements.The purpose of this thesis is to find out the criminal sanctions of the perpetrators who offered expediting drugs that month to a woman. To get answers to these problems, a regulatory approach is used. Article 299 of the Indonesian Criminal Code requires proof that there is a deliberate act to treat, or notify or raise hopes that a woman's pregnancy may die.Keywords: Expediting Drugs; Criminal Acts; Criminal Liability. AbstrakObat pelancar datang bulan yang pada awalnya digunakan wanita untuk melancarkan haid serta meredakan rasa nyeri ketika menstruasi datang kini disalahgunakan. Obat pelancar datang bulan diyakini dapat meluruhkan janin yang terdapat pada kandungan seorang wanita. Oleh karena itu, banyak pihak tidak bertanggungjawab kerap mempromosikan obat tersebut serta menawarkan kepada wanita yang hamil di luar nikah, dikarenakan obat pelancar datang bulan tergolong memiliki harga yang relatif murah serta mudah di dapat karena dijual bebas di pasaran. Untuk pelaku yang menawarkan obat pelancar datang bulan tersebut belum diatur secara tegas dalam pengaturan perundang-undangan. Adapun tujuan dari skripsi ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sanksi pidana para pelaku yang menwarkan obat pelancar datang bulan tersebut terhadap seorang wanita. Maka dari itu, untuk mendapatkan jawaban atas permasalahan tersebut digunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Dalam peraturan perundang-undangan pasal 299 KUHP perlu adanya pembuktian bahwa adanya perbuatan sengaja untuk mengobati, atau memberitahukan maupun menimbulkan harapan bahwa kehamilan seorang wanita dapat gugur.Kata Kunci: Obat Pelancar Datang Bulan; Tindak Pidana; Pertanggungjawaban Pidana.
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Jirawon, Tanwattanakul, Pairojkul Sriveing, Kamnuansilpa Peerasit, Sritanyaratana Wanapa, and Santiboon Toansakul Tony. "Factors of the grandparent conditions to take care of a child born accidentally in environmental health through their raising sexuality adolescence behaviours toward their abusing and neglecting from teenage parents." Archives of Psychiatry and Mental Health 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2021): 033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.apmh.1001033.
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According to raising teenage parents though their abusing and neglecting children at a rural community with the ethnographic qualitative research method was surveyed. All children have protected on violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation from their teenage parents. To investigate and emphasize the consequences of violence ranged from immediate to the impact of their development on physical injury, learning ability, and local child care performance to long-term harm that caregivers carry into adult life is affected for raising children. Administration to the 89-households’ families and household memberships, 10 house stakeholders, 8 community leaders, 36 children, 65 caregivers, teenage parents and grandparents, and 3 mentors. Using the ethnographic qualitative research participatory with observation, natural conversation and in-depth interviews were randomized in rural Northeastern Region, Thailand. There are 52% of children being sexually, physically, or psychologically abused, neglected per day. Most of the teenagers’ education is poor learning skills, low academic learning achievements, and independent freedom of their sexual behaviors. These sexual intercourses between their groups are normal. Adding gambling habits among friends and adult groups are amputated without parents to dissuade. Either lifestyles as freely with sexually and gambling and the basic education are stopped, experiences’ living skills are poorly. Teenage women are changed to pregnant and young mothers. The teenage men must be searched for the job without a lack of worker’s skills to look for children with whom they are conflicted family relationships to take care.
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Jablonski, Sarah A., Michael T. Williams, and Charles V. Vorhees. "Learning and Memory Effects of Neonatal Methamphetamine Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Test of the Role of Dopamine Receptors D1 in Mediating the Long-Term Effects." Developmental Neuroscience 41, no. 1-2 (2019): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000498884.
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Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a worldwide issue that produces health and cognitive effects in the user. MA is abused by some women who then become pregnant and expose their developing child to the drug. Preclinical rodent models demonstrate cognitive deficits following developmental MA exposure, an effect observed in children exposed to MA in utero. To determine if the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) is involved in the learning and memory deficits following MA exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated 4 times daily at 2 h intervals with 0 (saline) or 10 mg/kg of MA from postnatal day (P)6–15, 30 min after 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg SCH23390. Cincinnati water maze testing began on P30, and the high dose of SCH23390 blocked the learning deficits induced by MA with no effect from the lower doses. Morris water maze (MWM) learning deficits following MA were not protected by SCH23390, although there was a non-dose dependent effect in the acquisition phase. Locomotor deficits induced by MA were reversed by all doses of SCH23390. There were no effects of MA on criterion to trial passive avoidance. Taken together, these data show that behaviors that are dependent on the striatum are better protected with the DRD1 antagonist during MA treatment than the hippocampally mediated spatial learning in the MWM. This suggests that multiple mechanisms exist for the deficits induced by neonatal MA administration.
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Reitan, Therese. "Arguing the case: Committing pregnant substance abusers to compulsory care." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.219.
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Reitan, T. (2016). Arguing the case: Committing pregnant substance abusers to compulsory care. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 131-139. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.219Aims: To analyse how social services relate to compulsory care legislation in applications for compulsory care for substance abuse in cases involving pregnant women, given that such commitments cannot be made solely for the sake of the fetus/unborn child.Design: Applications for compulsory care to administrative courts involving pregnant women categorized according to how the pregnancy was presented or emphasized.Setting: Compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden.Participants: 116 cases involving 107 individuals who were pregnant at the time of application for commitment to compulsory care between 2000 and 2009.Findings: In 43% of the cases the risks for both the woman and the fetus’/child’s health was emphasized. In 28% of the cases the applications were primarily for the sake of the fetus/child. In 17% of the cases the pregnancy was mentioned in a neutral manner, while in 8% of the cases the fact that the woman was abusing substances during pregnancy was presented as an indication of the severity of the problem.Conclusions: References were commonly made to the interests of the woman and the fetus/child as an entity, but social services also openly claimed the need for commitment primarily for the sake of the child. Arguments also mirrored the debate when legislation was first introduced; for example, that substance abuse during pregnancy is a clear indication of how serious the problem is, and how this situation may be hazardous to the woman’s mental health should she become the cause of severe and irrevocable harm to her child.
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De Freitas, Shaun. "A Reply to Camilla Pickles' “Pregnancy Law in South Africa: Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests”." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 25 (January 14, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2022/v25ia8273.
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Camilla Pickles’ Pregnancy Law in South Africa. Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests (Pregnancy Law) aims at providing a less adversarial angle related to the pregnant woman and the unborn within her, by moving away from the pregnant woman as a single entity (including the unborn within her) as well as from viewing the pregnant woman and the unborn within her as two separate entities of distinctive value and separate needs. This applies to four categories addressed by Pregnancy Law, namely foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies, substance abuse during pregnancy, and termination of pregnancy for especially the South African context. Pregnancy Law positions its argument on a relational model that emphasises the context of pregnancy as signifying a connection between the pregnant woman (with rights) and the unborn (with interests) inside of her, the unborn being fully dependent on the pregnant woman’s body. This in turn is blended with what is referred to as a not-one/not-two approach. Bearing this in mind, Pregnancy Law claims to provide a compromise, middle ground and third approach regarding what is perceived to be the extremes of the single-entity and separate-entities approaches. Bearing this in mind, this article comprises a critical appraisal directed at Pregnancy Law’s claims as alluded to in the above with specific focus on the status of the unborn against the background of abortion (which in turn has implications for matters related to foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies and substance abuse during pregnancy).
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Al-Musawy, Jasim, Saad Badai Nashtar, Hassan Sayid Hussein, Rahaf Akel Rajjoub, Hadi Faiz Jazan, and Abdul Amir H. Kadhum. "Violence against Women by Addicted Husbands in Iraq." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (July 22, 2022): 1960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9120.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Despite that women are becoming active participants and protagonists of the development social, economic, and political process, they still suffer from the distress of violence, and this problem still spread worldwide. Domestic violence against women is studied in the general population, but the violence against women with addicted spouses was little highlighted especially in Iraq, and this study aimed to reveal the rate of violence and to clarify the different types of violence against wives of addicted husbands.
Methods: This comparative study was carried in Ibn Rushud psychiatric training hospital in Baghdad, Iraq This study has been done during the time extended from10th April to 20thof December 2020, and conducted on 400 married women,200 of them were women with addicted husbands, and200were women with no addicted husband. The inclusion criteria were married women living with her husband, and those women who voluntarily gave consent were included. Divorced widows and pregnant women are excluded. The questionnaire used was valid and reliable and appropriate to our society's culture furthermore it was used in a similar study done in the neighboring country. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, odds ratio (OR), and Kendall's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The overall mean score of violence was 70.47 ± 14.32 for the women with addicted husbands and 42.01 ± 7.50 for women with non-addicted spouses (P < 0.001). The mean score of psychological violence was 40.03 ± 5.03 in women with addicted spouses and 23.40 ± 4.26 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean score of physical violence was 23.71 ± 6.24 in women with addicted spouses and 15.50 ±3.76 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of sexual violence were 3.21 ± 2.11 and 2.92 ± 0.25 in women with and without addicted spouses, respectively (P < 0.001). Finally, the mean scores of financial violence were 2.10±0.94and 1.10 ± 0.23 for women with and without an addicted husband, respectively (P<0.001).
Result: The finding confirms the conclusion of other studies and reveals that the overall rate of violence was significantly higher among women with addicted spouses and especially if the spouse abused more than one type of substance.
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Steben, Marc. "Family Practitioners and Sexually Transmitted Diseases." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, suppl a (1991): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/374921.
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The family practitioner's role has traditionally been to maintain health with periodic examinations and to restore health in times of illness and injuries. Today. family practitioners are expected to play a more proactive role by assessing unexpressed patient needs. This new approach focuses on global knowledge of the patient, including lifestyle and workplace history. When assessing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in particular, it is important for the family practitioner to recognize the association of morality issues and to counsel without being judgemental. Primary prevention of STDs is aimed at reducing or eliminating risks before exposure occurs. and includes counselling on safe sex, condom use. substance abuse, needle/syringe use, and consideration of hepatitis B immunization and universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen. Secondary prevention refers to the recognition and elimination (if possible) of an STD after exposure and includes early disease detection, adequate STD treatments, screening, human immunodeficiency virus testing with pre- and post test counselling, epidemiological treatment of patient contacts, and hepatitis B prophylaxis by passive or active immunization. Tertiary prevention is aimed at limiting disease progression or reversing damage, but such measures are usually quite expensive and of limited value. Assessment of risks for hepatitis B virus infection should include lifestyle indices such as sexual preference, sexual expression, number of partners and alcohol/drug consumption. Prostitutes, street youth and sexually abused individuals should be considered at high risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Counselling about hepatitis B virus infection involves risk evaluation, patient education, evaluation of immune status to hepatitis B virus and discussions about vaccine needs and availability.
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Jones, Hendrée E., Nancy D. Berkman, Tracy L. Kline, Rachel Middlesteadt Ellerson, Felicia A. Browne, Winona Poulton, and Wendee M. Wechsberg. "Initial Feasibility of a Woman-Focused Intervention for Pregnant African-American Women." International Journal of Pediatrics 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/389285.
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African-American women who use crack are vulnerable to HIV because of the complex social circumstances in which they live. Drug-abuse treatment for these women during pregnancy may provide time for changing risk behaviors. This paper examines the initial 6-month feasibility of a women-focused HIV intervention, the Women's CoOp, adapted for pregnant women, relative to treatment-as-usual among 59 pregnant African-American women enrolled in drug-abuse treatment. At treatment entry, the women were largely homeless, unemployed, practicing unsafe sex, and involved in violence. Results indicated marked reductions in homelessness, use of cocaine and illegal drugs, involvement in physical violence, and an increase in knowledge of HIV from baseline to 6-month followup for both conditions. Findings suggest that the Women's CoOp intervention could be successfully adapted to treat this hard-to-reach population. Future studies should examine the efficacy of the pregnancy-adapted Women's CoOp for women not enrolled in drug-abuse treatment.
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Șerbănescu, Alina, Romina-Marina Sima, and Liana Pleș. "Substances abuse in HIV positive pregnant women." Infectio.ro 56 (4), no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/inf.56.4.2018.2192.
Full textAbstract:
Substances abuse and HIV infection are major health issues globally, with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. But what are the consequences of the association between the two, especially in a pregnant woman? Substance abuse in a pregnant HIV positive woman, regardless of the substance used (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opioids etc.) is at greater risk of HIV maternal-fetal transmission, as well as obstetric, neonatologic and pediatric complications, such as miscarriage, abruptio placentae, premature birth, eclampsia, fetal alcohol syndrome, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome and neurological deficits. For these reasons cessation of substance abuse is mandatory before planning a pregnancy, especially for HIV infected women. This can be achieved through counselling, guidance towards rehab facilities and prenatal screening programs, often with optimistic results, as pregnancy is the time with the highest success rate regarding substance abuse cessation than any other time in a woman’s life.