Journal articles: 'Abstract word'

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Franklin, Sue, David Howard, and Karalyn Patterson. "Abstract word anomia." Cognitive Neuropsychology 12, no. 5 (September 1995): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643299508252007.

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Franklin, Sue, David Howard, and Karalyn Patterson. "Abstract word meaning deafness." Cognitive Neuropsychology 11, no. 1 (February 1994): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643299408251964.

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Franklin, S. "Abstract word meaning deafness." Neurocase 5, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 386a—386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/5.5.386-a.

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K. Warrington Pat McKenna Lisa Orpw, Elizabeth. "Single Word Comprehension: A Concrete and Abstract Word Synonym Test." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755564.

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Sandberg, Chaleece W., and Teresa Gray. "Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training: A Replication and Update of an Abstract Word Retrieval Therapy Program." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 1574–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00066.

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Purpose We report on a study that replicates previous treatment studies using Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT), which was developed to help persons with aphasia improve their ability to retrieve abstract words, as well as thematically related concrete words. We hypothesized that previous results would be replicated; that is, when abstract words are trained using this protocol, improvement would be observed for both abstract and concrete words in the same context-category, but when concrete words are trained, no improvement for abstract words would be observed. We then frame the results of this study with the results of previous studies that used AbSANT to provide better evidence for the utility of this therapeutic technique. We also discuss proposed mechanisms of AbSANT. Method Four persons with aphasia completed one phase of concrete word training and one phase of abstract word training using the AbSANT protocol. Effect sizes were calculated for each word type for each phase. Effect sizes for this study are compared with the effect sizes from previous studies. Results As predicted, training abstract words resulted in both direct training and generalization effects, whereas training concrete words resulted in only direct training effects. The reported results are consistent across studies. Furthermore, when the data are compared across studies, there is a distinct pattern of the added benefit of training abstract words using AbSANT. Conclusion Treatment for word retrieval in aphasia is most often aimed at concrete words, despite the usefulness and pervasiveness of abstract words in everyday conversation. We show the utility of AbSANT as a means of improving not only abstract word retrieval but also concrete word retrieval and hope this evidence will help foster its application in clinical practice.

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Wang, Jie, Zhenxin Fu, Moxin Li, Haisong Zhang, Dongyan Zhao, and Rui Yan. "Learning Sense Representation from Word Representation for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 13947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7246.

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Unsupervised WSD methods do not rely on annotated training datasets and can use WordNet. Since each ambiguous word in the WSD task exists in WordNet and each sense of the word has a gloss, we propose SGM and MGM to learn sense representations for words in WordNet using the glosses. In the WSD task, we calculate the similarity between each sense of the ambiguous word and its context to select the sense with the highest similarity. We evaluate our method on several benchmark WSD datasets and achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art unsupervised WSD systems.

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BAUER, LISA M., ERIK L. OLHEISER, JEANETTE ALTARRIBA, and NICOLE LANDI. "Word type effects in false recall: Concrete, abstract, and emotion word critical lures." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784422.

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Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that definable qualities of verbal stimuli have implications for memory. For example, the distinction between concrete and abstract words has led to the finding that concrete words have an advantage in memory tasks (i.e., the concreteness effect). However, other word types, such as words that label specific human emotions, may also affect memory processes. This study examined the effects of word type on the production of false memories by using a list-learning false memory paradigm. Participants heard lists of words that were highly associated to nonpresented concrete, abstract, or emotion words (i.e., the critical lures) and then engaged in list recall. Emotion word critical lures were falsely recalled at a significantly higher rate (with the effect carried by the positively valenced critical lures) than concrete and abstract critical lures. These findings suggest that the word type variable has implications for our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie recall and false recall.

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Wiemer-Hastings, Katja. "Abstract noun classification: using a neural network to match word context and word meaning." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 30, no. 2 (June 1998): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200654.

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Malhi, Simritpal Kaur, Tara Lynn McAuley, Brette Lansue, and Lori Buchanan. "Concrete and abstract word processing in deep dyslexia." Journal of Neurolinguistics 51 (August 2019): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.11.001.

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Burdy, Philipp. "On the importance of leader words in word formation: The popular transmission of the Latin abstract-forming suffix -ioin French." Word Structure 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0138.

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In this article, we trace the origin and development of the French abstract-forming suffix -aison and its collateral forms. Based on derivational inventories for Latin and French, we analyse formal and historical aspects of this suffix group as well as its semantics and its productivity throughout the centuries. Special attention will be devoted to methodological questions concerning the investigation of suffix transmission from Latin to Romance.

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Los, Josyp. "The Word That Enslaves Or The Word That Liberates?" Social Communication 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sc-2015-0004.

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Abstract On the basis of summarizing the experience of global journalism author raises the problem of using of the Word to determine meanings of life, improvement of human, ensuring productive relations between nations and civilizations.

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Mestres-Missé, Anna, Thomas F. Münte, and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells. "Mapping concrete and abstract meanings to new words using verbal contexts." Second Language Research 30, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313512668.

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In three experiments, we examine the effects of semantic context and word concreteness on the mapping of existing meanings to new words. We developed a new-word-learning paradigm in which participants were required to discover the meaning of a new-word form from a specific verbal context. The stimulus materials were manipulated according to word concreteness, context availability and semantic congruency across contexts. Overall, participants successfully learned the meaning of the new word whether it was a concrete or an abstract word. Concrete word meanings were discovered and learned faster than abstract word meanings even when matched on context availability. The present results are discussed considering the various hypotheses that have been used to try to explain the ‘concreteness effect’. We conclude that the present investigation provides new evidence that the concreteness effect observed in learning is due to the different organization of abstract and concrete conceptual information in semantic memory.

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Tracy, Robert J., William R. Betts, and Pauline Ketsios. "The Effect of Abstract and Concrete Contexts on the Imageability and Recallability of Words." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 14, no. 3 (March 1995): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/txvg-09qr-u582-ga6y.

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Word imageability, the degree to which different words arouse imagery, is a powerful variable affecting mental imagery and memory. This study examined whether word imageability varies depending on the context within which words are presented. We randomly sampled abstract (low imageability) words and also concrete (high imageability) words from available norms. Introductory psychology students rated the words for imageability in different contexts. In the mixed content, students rated the abstract and concrete words mixed within the same set of words, similarly to the way words were rated in the norms. Concrete words were rated as more imageable than abstract words, replicating results from the norms. In the unmixed contents, students rated only abstract words or only concrete words. Surprisingly, concrete and abstract words no longer differed in rated imageability. We concluded that word imageability is not due to the mental imagery aroused by a particular word. Rather, a word's imageability is profoundly influenced by the imageability of surrounding words. This outcome opposes the typical interpretation that word imageability measures the abstractness-concreteness of the referenced object and also how recallable the word will be.

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Binder, J. R., C. F. Westbury, K. A. McKiernan, E. T. Possing, and D. A. Medler. "Distinct Brain Systems for Processing Concrete and Abstract Concepts." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929054021102.

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Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of word imageability and concreteness remain a topic of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and could provide essential clues for understanding how the brain processes conceptual knowledge. We examined these effects using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants identified concrete and abstract words. Relative to nonwords, concrete and abstract words both activated a left-lateralized network of multimodal association areas previously linked with verbal semantic processing. Areas in the left lateral temporal lobe were equally activated by both word types, whereas bilateral regions including the angular gyrus and the dorsal prefrontal cortex were more strongly engaged by concrete words. Relative to concrete words, abstract words activated left inferior frontal regions previously linked with phonological and verbal working memory processes. The results show overlapping but partly distinct neural systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts, with greater involvement of bilateral association areas during concrete word processing, and processing of abstract concepts almost exclusively by the left hemisphere.

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Mestres-Missé, Anna, Thomas F. Münte, and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells. "Functional Neuroanatomy of Contextual Acquisition of Concrete and Abstract Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 11 (November 2009): 2154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21171.

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The meaning of a novel word can be acquired by extracting it from linguistic context. Here we simulated word learning of new words associated to concrete and abstract concepts in a variant of the human simulation paradigm that provided linguistic context information in order to characterize the brain systems involved. Native speakers of Spanish read pairs of sentences in order to derive the meaning of a new word that appeared in the terminal position of the sentences. fMRI revealed that learning the meaning associated to concrete and abstract new words was qualitatively different and recruited similar brain regions as the processing of real concrete and abstract words. In particular, learning of new concrete words selectively boosted the activation of the ventral anterior fusiform gyrus, a region driven by imageability, which has previously been implicated in the processing of concrete words.

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Altarriba, Jeanette, and Dana M. Basnight-Brown. "The acquisition of concrete, abstract, and emotion words in a second language." International Journal of Bilingualism 16, no. 4 (December 14, 2011): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911429511.

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The purpose of the current work was to investigate whether wordtype moderates the learning of vocabulary words in a new language. English-speaking monolinguals were trained on a matched set of concrete (e.g., jewel), emotion (e.g., angry), and abstract (e.g., virtue) words in Spanish. Participants learned a set of Spanish words and then engaged in a Stroop color-word task where they determined the color in which the words appeared (none were related to color). They also engaged in a translation recognition task where foils included semantic associates of the newly acquired word. Results indicated that although the semantic representations of all three wordtypes were acquired, there was a gradient in the degree to which those meanings were automatically activated. The pattern of data indicated that newly learned emotion words vs. non-emotion words produced faster color naming times, longer recognition times, and higher error rates in recognition.

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Campos, Alfredo, and Maria Angeles Gonzalez. "Word Length: Relation to other Values of Words When Meaning is Controlled." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 2 (April 1992): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.2.380.

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Previous studies yielded negative correlations for word length with imagery, concreteness, emotionality, and meaningfulness. In study of the relation of word length with other values of words, abstract words with a strong emotional meaning were more numerous in the lists presented than abstract words without that meaning, and by contrast, concrete words had little associated emotionality. We hypothesized that, although meanings of words were controlled, correlations of word length and other variables would be negative. 106 subjects rated 48 pairs of words. Word length correlated -.26 with imagery, -.32 with concreteness, -.01 with emotionality, and -.35 with meaningfulness. This paper describes one of a series of studies investigating the relationships among properties of words such as their length, imagery, emotionality, meaningfulness, concreteness, etc.

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Bauer, Lisa M., and Jeanette Altarriba. "An Investigation of Sex Differences in Word Ratings Across Concrete, Abstract, and Emotion Words." Psychological Record 58, no. 3 (July 2008): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395629.

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Tyler, L. K., H. E. Moss, and F. Jennings. "Abstract word deficits in aphasia: Evidence from semantic priming." Neuropsychology 9, no. 3 (1995): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.9.3.354.

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Chen, Jenn-Yeu, Pádraig G. O'Séaghdha, and Train-Min Chen. "The primacy of abstract syllables in Chinese word production." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 42, no. 5 (May 2016): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039911.

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Dhond, Rupali P., Thomas Witzel, Anders M. Dale, and Eric Halgren. "Spatiotemporal cortical dynamics underlying abstract and concrete word reading." Human Brain Mapping 28, no. 4 (2007): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20282.

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Bose, Ritwik, Siddharth Vashishtha, and James Allen. "Improving Semantic Parsing Using Statistical Word Sense Disambiguation (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 13757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7150.

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A Semantic Parser generates a logical form graph from an utterance where the edges are semantic roles and nodes are word senses in an ontology that supports reasoning. The generated representation attempts to capture the full meaning of the utterance. While the process of parsing works to resolve lexical ambiguity, a number of errors in the logical forms arise from incorrectly assigned word sense determinations. This is especially true in logical and rule-based semantic parsers. Although the performance of statistical word sense disambiguation methods is superior to the word sense output of semantic parser, these systems do not produce the rich role structure or a detailed semantic representation of the sentence content. In this work, we use decisions from a statistical WSD system to inform a logical semantic parser and greatly improve semantic type assignments in the resulting logical forms.

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Nguy, Nhu Le Quynh, and Hung Tan Ha. "Lexical Profile of Academic Written English Revisited: What Does it Take to Understand Scholarly Abstracts?" SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (July 2022): 215824402211263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221126342.

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The abstract is an integral part of a scientific paper. Despite the importance of abstracts, very little research has investigated the vocabulary size needed to read abstracts in scientific papers. This present study analyzed the lexical profile of 26 million words from approximately 100,000 scholarly abstracts across 10 major subjects of science. The results showed that the vocabulary size of the most frequent 7,000 and 15,000 word families in the British National Corpus/Corpus of Contemporary American English (BNC/COCA) word list plus proper nouns, marginal words, transparent compounds, acronyms were needed to gain 95% and 98% coverage of the abstract corpus, respectively. However, data from cross-disciplinary analyses demonstrated significant differences in the lexical demands between abstracts of different fields of study. The 570 word families in the Academic Word List were found to make up for 13.77% of the words in the corpus. Implications for the use of abstracts in language classrooms were discussed.

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Zdrazilova, Lenka, David M. Sidhu, and Penny M. Pexman. "Communicating abstract meaning: concepts revealed in words and gestures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1752 (June 18, 2018): 20170138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0138.

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Abstract words refer to concepts that cannot be directly experienced through our senses (e.g. truth , morality ). How we ground the meanings of abstract words is one of the deepest problems in cognitive science today. We investigated this question in an experiment in which 62 participants were asked to communicate the meanings of words (20 abstract nouns, e.g. impulse ; 10 concrete nouns, e.g. insect ) to a partner without using the words themselves (the taboo task). We analysed the speech and associated gestures that participants used to communicate the meaning of each word in the taboo task. Analysis of verbal and gestural data yielded a number of insights. When communicating about the meanings of abstract words, participants' speech referenced more people and introspections. In contrast, the meanings of concrete words were communicated by referencing more objects and entities. Gesture results showed that when participants spoke about abstract word meanings their speech was accompanied by more metaphorical and beat gestures, and speech about concrete word meanings was accompanied by more iconic gestures. Taken together, the results suggest that abstract meanings are best captured by a model that allows dynamic access to multiple representation systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain’.

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SOTIROVA-MILCHEVA, Nataliya. "ABSTRACT DEVERBAL FORMATIONS WITH BASES OF GREEK ORIGIN." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 3, ezs.swu.v19i3 (October 1, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i3.9.

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The object of analysis here are the deverbal abstract nouns with roots of Greek origin and Bulgarian suffix. Most of them are motivated by fully adapted verbs borrowed from Greek and of particular interest from the perspective of word formation are the secondary derivatives formed from denominative verbs motivated by Greek nous and adjectives. The transformation of borrowed words into productive bases, which are combined with local word-forming suffixes, is the final stage of the complex process of lexical borrowing, which follows the stage of morphological adaptation of borrowed words, i. e. their grouping into a certain lexical-grammatical type. Many of them have formed large groups of derivatives. Being composed of elements of different languages, the new lexemes are hybrid in nature regarding their word-formation and their separation into a special category reflects the new status of the Greek bases of the borrowings. The hybrid formations of this type are the final result of the assimilation of the Greek loan words into the Bulgarian language, which is why they occupy a specific position in the Bulgarian lexical und. The use of some of them is dialect or archaic, but they all contribute to the enrichment of the vocabulary and the ways of expression in Bulgarian.

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Zareva, Alla. "Partial word knowledge: Frontier words in the L2 mental lexicon." International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 50, no. 4 (October 28, 2012): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2012-0011.

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Abstract The study set out to examine the partial word knowledge of native speakers, L2 advanced, and intermediate learners of English with regard to four word features from Richards' (1976) taxonomy of aspects describing what knowing a word entails. To capture partial familiarity, the participants completed in writing a test containing low and mid frequency content words, accompanied by a word knowledge scale. The analysis showed that there were three distinctive patterns of partially familiar vocabulary but their distribution across the three groups was quite different, which indicated that partial knowledge was linked to different word features across the three proficiency groups. It was also of interest to explore whether the participants maintained similar associative connections for their frontier words and whether a word association task would capture partial familiarity. Overall, participants' associative domains for frontier words did not reveal any consistent associative behavior that would distinguish between proficiency groups.

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Engelke, Matthew. "Word, Image, Sound." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127011.

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Abstract This essay introduces the special section “Word, Image, Sound,” a collection of essays on public religion and religious publicities in Africa and South Asia. The essays cover case studies in Myanmar, Zambia, Senegal, Rwanda, and Egypt. The introduction situates the essays in relation to the broader fields of work on the public sphere and publics, especially as they relate to recent work in the human sciences that focus on materiality, the senses, and media.

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Kim, Soo Ryon, SangYun Kim, Min Jae Baek, and HyangHee Kim. "Abstract Word Definition in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/580246.

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The aims of this study were to investigate concrete and abstract word definition ability (1) between patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal adults and (2) between the aMCI subtypes (i.e., amnestic single-domain MCI and amnestic multidomain MCI; asMCI and amMCI) and normal controls. The 68 patients with aMCI (29 asMCI and 39 amMCI) and 93 age- and education-matched normal adults performed word definition tasks composed of five concrete (e.g., train) and five abstract nouns (e.g., jealousy). Task performances were analyzed on total score, number of core meanings, and number of supplementary meanings. The results were as follows. First, the aMCI patients scored significantly poorer than the normal controls in only abstract word definition. Second, both subtypes of aMCI performed worse than the controls in only abstract word definition. In conclusion, a definition task of abstract rather than concrete concepts may provide richer information to show semantic impairment of aMCI.

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Aji, Satriya Bayu, and Eka Mutia Lubis. "IDENTIFYING VOCATIONAL STUDENT’S FAMILIARITY WITH VOCABULARY IN ACADEMIC CONTEXT IN ABSTRACT WRITING." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 5, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v5i2.44665.

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In order to write an abstract that appeals to a broader audience, it is important to understand the vocabulary used in the context. By identifying words used in the abstracts of undergraduate thesis from Politeknik Negeri Batam students and comparing them with those used in other academic writings, this research attempts to show that developing student’s awareness of academic writing genre is critical for their progress. The data were taken from the abstract section of undergraduate thesis of Politeknik Negeri Batam students published in 2018, which were compiled into a corpus. From the corpus, the keywords and word profile would be identified, which could then be compared to other corpora. Two word lists (New General Service List and New Academic Word List) were selected as the level lists in carrying out word profiling during the analysis. The results show that the students lacked the necessary words and had not yet recognized the genre of academic writing.

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Guledani, Lali. "Peculiarities of Formation of Abstract Nouns in Hebrew." Kadmos 1 (2009): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/kadmos/1/67-83.

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One of the sources of enriching of Hebrew vocabulary is creating of the new words by already established stems and models of word deriving models in the grammar (including the cases of borrowing from the other languages), though, there are some cases of filling of the vocabulary artificially as well. Permanent process of renovation of the vocabulary develops in three directions: a) new lexical units are created; b) words useless for the language are moved into the passive vocabulary; c) number of meanings of the words change; as a result, neologisms and archaisms are created in the language [Kornienko 1979:11]. In Hebrew, great number of neologisms (in particular, nouns) is result of the above morphological word-formation. Abstract nouns are distinguished with their great number and abstract nouns with ת∙ו – suffixes are even more prominent. Among them, number lexemes formed from internationalisms is especially great. To determine, why ut – suffix is so productive in formation of neologisms in Hebrew, whether its attachment to a word is of artificial nature or it is logical result of the processes ongoing in the language, we found reasonable to study characteristic features of all models and formation of the abstract nouns. To make logical conclusion, we regard that it is necessary to study not only Hebrew grammar models, but clarification of their relations in the other Semite languages with the represented material, what would allow to exactly determining morphological and semantic functions of abstract models and affixes in modern Hebrew, taking into consideration general Semite data. We regard that these issues would be of interest and significance for those, interested in problems of lexicology and word-formation processes (as in our case) and in addition, with respect of systematization of Hebrew grammar categories, as the issue of such significance is presented only fragmentally in the theoretical literature.

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Cuc, Bogdan Sebastian. "From Body to Word…, From Word to Eros." Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2019-0020.

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Abstract When describing the two instincts in his work “The Ego and the Id”, Freud says that the “Eros, by bringing about a more and more far-reaching combination of the particles into which living substance is dispersed, aims at complicating life and at the same time, of course, at preserving it”. This complication, which I consider to be rather an increased complexity, can be found in the patients’ discourse through the diversification of means of expression and attributed significations, when their “stories” open up to us and to new meanings… However, when stories are meant to free the body of the burden of a stigmata, which must be covered with histories and significants, how can we identify the flux of the Eros in the counter-sense of a Thanatos that, as Freud said, “tends to return the organic to the lifeless state”? I therefore propose that we try and explore this effort to tell the story of the body expression forms trough words, in Mario Vargas Llosa’s novel, The Storyteller…

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Taylor, David. "Compound word stress." ELT Journal 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/45.1.67.

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Abstract Stress in English compound words poses difficult problems for foreign learners. English does not seem to be at all consistent in the way it treats compounds, either from the point of view of writing or from the point of view of pronunciation and especially stress. If we look at how this uncertainty and inconsistency arises we can perhaps understand better the difficulties. And if we look beyond the principles of word stress to the principles of accent placement, and in so doing pay attention to the information structure of compounds, we can obtain valuable guidance about stress placement in these words.

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Sivell, John. "A Word from the Editor." TESL Canada Journal 27, no. 1 (December 18, 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v27i1.1030.

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Altarriba, Jeanette, Lisa M. Bauer, and Claudia Benvenuto. "Concreteness, context availability, and imageability ratings and word associations for abstract, concrete, and emotion words." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 31, no. 4 (December 1999): 578–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200738.

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Shibahara, Naoki, and Brennis Lucero-Wagoner. "Hemispheric Asymmetry in Accessing Word Meanings: Concrete and Abstract Nouns." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2002): 1292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1292.

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The present experiments investigated hemispheric differences in the brain in accessing concrete and abstract word meanings. For this purpose, an automatic semantic priming paradigm was used with a short stimulus onset asynchrony between prime and target (250 msec.) as well as a low proportion of related trials. (20%). Analysis showed that for concrete nouns, priming effects were observed in both hemispheres. There was greater priming in the right hemisphere, suggesting hemispheric differences in accessing semantic representations of concrete nouns. For abstract nouns, on the other hand, priming patterns in the right hemisphere were identical to those in the left hemisphere, suggesting that information about abstract nouns projected to the right hemisphere may be transferred to the dominant left hemisphere for further processing.

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SHIBAHARA, NAOKI. "HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY IN ACCESSING WORD MEANINGS: CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT NOUNS." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94 (2002): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.94.2.1292-1300.

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SHIBAHARA, NAOKI. "HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY IN ACCESSING WORD MEANINGS: CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT NOUNS." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (2002): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.94.3.1292-1300.

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Новицкая, Ирина Владимировна, Зоя Владимировна Федоринова, and Виктория Владимировна Воробьева. "OCCASIONAL WORD-FORMATION TYPES OF ABSTRACT NOUNS IN OLD NORSE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(222) (July 15, 2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2022-4-15-25.

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Введение. Область именного древнегерманского словообразования стабильно остается в фокусе исследований в последние десятилетия. Широкий спектр проблемных вопросов, разрабатываемых в научных работах, свидетельствует о важности изучения функционирования словообразовательной системы и ее компонентов в древнегерманских языках. Одним из аспектов анализа является изучение деривационного потенциала древнегерманских языков для производства абстрактных имен. Цель состоит в характеристике фрагмента поля словообразовательной категории, репрезентированного окказиональными словообразовательными типами суффиксальных абстрактных существительных, в древнескандинавском языке. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили существительные с абстрактным (отвлеченным) значением, образованные при помощи словообразовательных суффиксов -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- от именных или глагольных основ. Эмпирический материал для анализа формировался с помощью приема сплошной выборки. Анализ языкового материала выполнен с применением методов научного описания и обобщения, интерпретации результатов, метода анализа словарных дефиниций, приема количественного подсчета.Результаты и обсуждение. Группа существительных с суффиксами -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- представляет словообразовательные типы из периферии словообразовательного поля абстрактных имен и в древнескандинавском языке относится к типам склонения существительных на -ōn женского рода (производные с суффиксами -osta-, -átta-, -eskja-), на -īn женского рода (производные с -andi-, -gi-), на -an мужского рода (производные с -andi-), на -ia среднего рода (производные с -erni-). Доля лексем с анализируемыми суффиксами, являющимися «визитной карточкой» древнескандинавского, составляет 2,4 % от общего количества отобранных абстрактных существительных. Указанные суффиксы по своему происхождению восходили к индоевропейским суффиксальным элементам, на уровне древнескандинавского обладали фонетической отчетливостью и обнаруживали тенденцию к присоединению к адъективным или глагольным основам для образования абстрактных существительных. Ограниченный объем древнескандинавских производных с суффиксами не позволяет выявить тематический профиль каждого из суффиксальных элементов, однако обращение к этимологии самих словообразовательных морфем позволяет вскрыть мотивационные признаки, которые могли способствовать формированию моделей производства имен существительных с данными формантами. Заключение. Анализ этимологических связей древнескандинавских суффиксальных морфем абстрактных производных позволяет предположить, что в словообразовательные типы с указанными суффиксами были включены в процесс формирования словообразовательной категории абстрактных имен и отражали результаты апробации разных моделей словопроизводства. Introduction. This article focuses on studying the functioning of the word-formation system and its components in Old Norse, one of the ancient Germanic languages, on studying the derivational potential of the Old Germanic languages for the production of abstract nouns. The purpose of the article is to describe a fragment of the field of the word-formation category, represented by occasional word-formation types of suffixed abstract nouns in Old Norse.Material and methods. The study draws on an analysis of Old Norse nouns with abstract meanings, marked by derivational suffixes -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- and derived from nominal or verbal stems. The language data resulted from continuous sampling from etymological dictionaries of Old Norse. The analysis of the linguistic material involved using the methods of scientific description, generalization, and interpretation of results, the method of analyzing dictionary definitions, and the method of quantitative calculation.Results and discussion. The group of nouns marked by the Old Norse suffixes -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- represents derivational types from the periphery of the derivational field of abstract nouns and refers to the declension types of feminine nouns in -ōn (derivatives with the suffixes -osta-, -átta-, -eskja-), of feminine nouns in -īn (derivatives with the suffixes -andi-, -gi-), of masculine nouns in -an (derivatives with the suffix -andi-), of neuter nouns in -ia (derivatives with the suffix -erni-). The proportion of lexemes with the analyzed suffixes, which are attested in Old Norse alone, is 2.4 % of the total number of abstract nouns corpus. These suffixes were formed on the basis of the Indo-European suffix morphemes, they were phonetically distinguishable in Old Norse and tended to join adjective or verbal stems to form abstract nouns.The limited number of Old Norse derivatives with these suffixes does not allow us to reveal the thematic profile of each suffix, however, the etymological links of the word-forming morphemes allow us to reveal some motivational features that might have contributed to the formation of the derivational types for the production of nouns with these formants.Conclusion. An analysis of the etymological connections of the Old Norse suffixes of abstract derivatives -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- suggests that the word-formation types with them were included in the process of developing the word-formation category of abstract nouns and reflected results of their approbation.

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Giabelli, Anna, Lorenzo Malandri, Fabio Mercorio, and Mario Mezzanzanica. "JoTA: Aligning Multilingual Job Taxonomies through Word Embeddings (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12955–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21614.

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We propose JoTA (Job Taxonomy Alignment), a domain-independent, knowledge-poor method for automatic taxonomy alignment of lexical taxonomies via word embeddings. JoTA associates all the leaf terms of the origin taxonomy to one or many concepts in the destination one, employing a scoring function, which merges the score of a hierarchical method and the score of a classification task. JoTA is developed in the context of an EU Grant aiming at bridging the national taxonomies of EU countries towards the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations taxonomy (ESCO) through AI. The method reaches a 0.8 accuracy on recommending top-5 occupations and a wMRR of 0.72.

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Francis, Andrea P., Gwen L. Schmidt, Thomas H. Carr, and Benjamin A. Clegg. "Incidental learning of abstract rules for non-dominant word orders." Psychological Research 73, no. 1 (March 5, 2008): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-008-0138-6.

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Brzoza, Bartosz. "Word frequency counts." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 41, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00021.brz.

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Abstract Lexical frequency is one of the major variables involved in language processing. It constitutes a cornerstone of psycholinguistic, corpus linguistic as well as applied research. Linguists take frequency counts from corpora and they started to take them for granted. However, voices emerge that corpora may not always provide a comprehensive picture of how frequently lexical items appear in a language. In the present contribution I compare corpus frequency counts for English and Polish words to native speakers’ perception of frequency. The analysis shows that, while generally objective and subjective values are related, there is a disparity between measures for frequent Polish words. The direction of the relationship, though positive, is also not as strong as in previous studies. I suggest linking objective with subjective frequency measures in research.

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Di Feo, Gian, and Cynthia Whissell. "Changes in the Style and Contents of Abstracts from The Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology between the 1960s and the 2010s." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 10 (November 8, 2020): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9215.

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This study was conducted to examine changes in the style and content of abstracts from the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology across time. Characteristics examined were word commonness, word activation, word pleasantness, sentence length, abstract length, mentions of inferential statistics and mentions of drugs (both street drugs and pharmaceuticals). Abstracts (N=510) were downloaded from volumes published before the wide introduction of computers (1968-9) and from those published in more current years (2016-17). Scores for word pleasantness and word activation were assessed with the Dictionary of Affect in Language. Word commonness was scored in comparison to a corpus of everyday English, and sentence length and abstract length were measured in terms of number of words. There were several strong and significant differences between abstracts from the pre-computer era and those from the 21st century, including greater length, more mentions of inferential statistics and more mentions of drugs in the later time period. A stepwise discriminant function analysis was able to correctly predict the origin (early or pre-computer versus 21st century) of 98% of the abstracts on the basis of the characteristics measured (canonical correlation=.89).

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Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah. "The Word ‘Orangutan’." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 176, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10016.

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Abstract Orangutans are a type of great ape found in the wild in Sumatra and Borneo. The word ‘orangutan’ in European languages originates from a Malay expression meaning ‘forest person’, but many scholars have argued that it was not in genuine usage among the indigenous peoples of the archipelago. Instead, it is widely believed that the word ‘orangutan’, as a term for the ape, resulted from either an invention or a misunderstanding on the part of European visitors in the seventeenth century CE. I argue against this view, using data from Old Javanese texts and historical-linguistic analysis to show that orangutans have been referred to by this term since the first millennium CE. My findings indicate that the modern use of the word ‘orangutan’ has much older roots in Malay than has been recognized previously.

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Alkmim, Mônica G. R. "Dois fenômenos de supressão de segmentos em limite da palavra." Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria da Literatura 4, no. 7 (December 30, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-3548.4.7.43-51.

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Abstract: This work present an analysis of two phonologícal phenomena. ofportuguese, connected with the disappearance of segments at the endof words: vowel deletion between consonants at the end of the word,as in saudades, pronounced [saw'dads];and the deletion of somesyllables in word boundary as in 'script' phonetically ]'leyji'koku].Here we intend to give a contribution to the study of word boundaryphenomena, a subject not well known in portuguese phonology.

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Goldsmith, Peggy. "Children’s word knowledge." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.10.1.03gol.

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Abstract In regard to language learning, whether it be in listening, speaking, reading or writing, children appear to be genuinely interested In meaning in their world. When it comes to a knowledge of words to be used in any of the processes mentioned, children are interested in their use, their meaning and in connecting new words with old words or ideas. Numerous studies have investigated the development of children’s word knowledge up to year 4 or approximately age 10 (e.g. Read, 1971; Beers and Henderson, 1977; Zutell, 1979; Gentry, 1981). There are, however, only a few studies involving upper primary and secondary students. This paper looks at literature on children’s word knowledge (including spelling) development up to year 4 and beyond, and includes a table of researched and hypothesized stages in children’s development in orthographic awareness and in word knowledge. An outline of the author’s theory of children’s development in word knowledge is given.

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Jacobsen, Per. "Falling Word Tones in Serbo-Croatian." Annual Report of the Institute of Phonetics University of Copenhagen 4 (March 19, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aripuc.v4i.130780.

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Campos, Alfredo, José Luis Marcos, and María Ángeles González. "Interest Value, Meaningfulness, and Familiarity of Words: Relations with other Word Properties." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (December 2002): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.769.

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Evaluation of different properties of words and the relations among them is of value for understanding languages and as a basis for research. In the present study we investigated relations among interest value, familiarity, and meaningfulness of words. We also investigated the relations of these properties with imagery, concreteness, emotionality, frequency, date of entry into the language, word length, and amplitude of skin conductance response. A total of 85 university students received a list of 25 word pairs, each pair comprised of a concrete and an abstract noun with related meanings, e.g., “friend” and “friendship,” and rated the interest value, familiarity, and meaningfulness of each word. Familiarity correlated significantly with meaningfulness and interest value.

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Köylü, Yılmaz. "Abstract knowledge of emphatic reduplication in Turkish." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v5i1.4780.

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This study investigated whether native speakers of Turkish have abstract knowledge regarding the principles guiding the selection of appropriate reduplicative forms in emphatic reduplication in Turkish. 14 native speakers of Turkish completed the study. The participants were asked to reduplicate 48 non-words in 4 experimental conditions where the number of segments and the phonological features of the word forms were manipulated. The 4 experimental conditions had VCV (e.g. /ukɑ/), CVC (e.g. /lɔt/), CVCV (e.g. /gεʒi/), and VCCV (e.g. /ɔhfɑ/) sequences. Each condition included 12 items. In each of the CVC, CVCV, and VCCV conditions, the base forms for 6 items did not include consonants used productively as interpolated consonants {p, m, s}. The next 6 conditions included {p, m, s} either as the first, or the second consonant in the base form of the non-word. The results indicated that the interpolated consonant in Turkish was taken from the set of {p, m, s}. Moreover, the interpolated consonant was sometimes identical to the second consonant of the base, but never to the first consonant. The most frequently produced interpolated consonant was {p}. In the VCV, and VCCV conditions, {m} was preferred over {s}. In the CVC, and CVCV conditions, {s} was preferred over {m}.Â The results demonstrate that Turkish native speakers were able to extend the reduplication strategies they employed in real words to non-words.

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Jin, Jing. "The Syntax of the Abstract-type Measurement Construction in Mandarin Chinese." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 38, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scl-2017-0003.

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Abstract This paper investigates a special sub-type of measurement construction in Mandarin Chinese, namely the [Num-measure word-de-N] construction where the N is an abstract dimension-denoting noun. Evidence is presented to show that the abstract-type [Num-measure word-de-N] should be fundamentally distinguished from the quantifying-/modifying-type [Num-measure word-de-N], in which the [Num-measure word] sequence serves to quantize/modify a semantically concrete, entity-denoting N. At the interpretive level, this paper claims that the abstracttype [Num-measure word-de-N] is semantically definite. At the syntactic level, a clausal analysis within the framework of the Predicate Inversion theory is pursued to account for the derivation of the abstract-type measurement construction. Last, it is proposed that the word order distinction between the Chinese abstracttype measurement construction, which is N-final, and its English counterpart, where the N linearly precedes [Num-measure word], can be explained in terms of a parametric variation with respect to the (non-)application of N-raising after Predicate Inversion.

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Quan, Keith A. "The Inscripturated Word: The Fourth Gospel as the Continuing Speech of the Incarnate Word." Journal of Theological Interpretation 5, no. 1 (2011): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26421352.

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Abstract This essay attempts to sketch the contours of the multileveled understanding of the Word of God in the Fourth Gospel. On one level, Jesus Christ is the eternal, incarnate Word sent from the Father, who accomplishes the work given to him, laying down his life so that his own, those who receive him by receiving his words, might have life. Yet, on another level, the Fourth Gospel is both (1) distinct from the incarnate Word, a witness to the Word, and (2) the continuing speech of the glorified Word through which, by the Spirit, he continues to dwell with his own, who receive his words even though they are unable to "see" him, so that the Beloved Disciple and his written testimony, the Fourth Gospel, are analogous with, even while servant to, the incarnate Word. Although this sketch resembles traditional dogmatic formulations, it is fleshed out in Johannine idiom, paying attention to the themes and literary dimensions of the Fourth Gospel.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abstract word'

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