Relevant bibliographies by topics / Abstract 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Abstract 20th century'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Abstract 20th century"

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KRAETZ, O. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry Mirrored by Literature of the 20th Century." ChemInform 22, no. 29 (August 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199129322.

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Bugg, Timothy D. H. "ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Mechanistic Enzymology in the 20th Century." ChemInform 32, no. 52 (May 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200152300.

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LEE, W. E., and R. E. MOORE. "ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of in situ Refractories in the 20th Century." ChemInform 29, no. 36 (June 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199836306.

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Kardum, Goran, Dubravka Kuščević, and Marija Brajčić. "The Impacts of Different Sorts of Art Education on Pupils’ Preference for 20th-Century Art Movements." Education Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10010015.

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The research presented here aims to determine how art education influences students’ preferences for the 20th-century art movements. An educational experiment that spanned through one school year was conducted on 200 primary school students. It included three types of intervention: observing works of art from the 20th century, introducing works of art using a puppet, and the students’ art activities/artwork based on the 20th-century art movements. The results show that the model of art education is an important factor in changing students’ preferences for the 20th century art movements. Students reacted positively to each kind of education, as evidenced in the wider acceptance of 20th-century art (abstract, fauvism, cubism, pop art, and surrealism). The type of education did not influence preferences (as much) when it came to classical art and visual works without artistic value. We concluded that puppets and independent creative work should be used more often in art education.
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Chylek, P., J. Li, M. K. Dubey, M. Wang, and G. Lesins. "Observed and model simulated 20th century Arctic temperature variability: Canadian Earth System Model CanESM2." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2011): 22893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-22893-2011.

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Abstract. We present simulations of the 20th century Arctic temperature anomaly from the second generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2). The new model couples together an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, a land-vegetation model and terrestrial and oceanic interactive carbon cycle. It simulates well the observed 20th century Arctic temperature variability that includes the early and late 20th century warming periods and the intervening 1940–1970 period of substantial cooling. The addition of the land-vegetation model and the terrestrial and oceanic interactive carbon cycle to the coupled atmosphere-ocean model improves the agreement with observations from 1900–1970, however, it increases the overestimate of the post 1970 warming. In contrast the older generation coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models Canadian CanCM3 and NCAR/LANL CCSM3, used in the IPCC 2007 climate change assessment report, overestimate the rate of the 20th century Arctic warming by factor of two to three and they are unable to reproduce the observed 20th century Arctic climate variability.
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Ward, Zachary. "The low return to English fluency during the Age of Mass Migration☆." European Review of Economic History 24, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hez007.

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Abstract English skills are highly valuable for today’s immigrants, but has this always been the case? I estimate the premium for English fluency and the rate of language acquisition in the early 20th century US using new linked data on over two hundred thousand immigrants. Few early 20th century immigrants arrived with English proficiency, yet many acquired language skills rapidly after arrival. Based on individual fixed effects, acquiring English fluency was associated with a small upgrade in occupational income. The results suggest that English fluency was less important for economic assimilation in the early 20th century than in recent decades.
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Ljungqvist, F. C., P. J. Krusic, G. Brattström, and H. S. Sundqvist. "Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns in the last 12 centuries." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 13, 2011): 3349–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-3349-2011.

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Abstract. We analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of temperature variability over Northern Hemisphere land areas, on centennial time-scales, for the last 12 centuries using an unprecedentedly large network of temperature-sensitive proxy records. Geographically widespread positive temperature anomalies are observed from the 9th to 11th centuries, similar in extent and magnitude to the 20th century mean. A dominance of widespread negative anomalies is observed from the 16th to 18th centuries. Though we find the amplitude and spatial extent of the 20th century warming is within the range of natural variability over the last 12 centuries, we also find that the rate of warming from the 19th to the 20th century is unprecedented. The positive Northern Hemisphere temperature change from the 19th to the 20th century is clearly the largest between any two consecutive centuries in the past 12 centuries.
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Leporiere, Lorenzo. "Mediums and Science in Early 20th Century Europe." Nuncius 33, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 104–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03301005.

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Abstract This paper investigates and contextualizes the contribution made by the Italian physiologist Filippo Bottazzi (1867–1941) to research on mediumistic phenomena in Europe at the beginning of the 1900s, focusing on his investigation of the claims of Eusapia Palladino’s powers, a well-known Italian physical medium who inspired the “conversion” of Cesare Lombroso. Bottazzi’s work, conducted between 1906 and 1909, is compared to that of colleagues in Italy and elsewhere and analysed in the light of the scientific methodology that he used in his research as a physiologist. This paper will review the events that led Bottazzi to take an interest in mediumship, and analyse how he designed and conducted his experiments and the conclusions that he drew from them. Particular attention will be focused on the methods and the scientific instruments that he used in his psychical research, which were in keeping with his Positivist epistemological views, as is shown by an essay on the scientific method that he wrote in the same period.
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Schwarb, Gregor. "Muʿtazilism in a 20th century Zaydī Qurʾān commentary." Arabica 59, no. 3-4 (2012): 372–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005812x629293.

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Abstract The Zaydīs in Yemen are the only current within Islam that fostered the continuous transmission and study of Muʿtazilī kalām up to the present time. This article aims to examine the presence and quality of Muʿtazilī kalām in a major Zaydī composition of the 20th century, namely ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-ʿAǧrī’s (1320-1407/1902-1987) Miftāḥ al-saʿāda, which was completed in May 1952. The Miftāḥ and other works of Zaydī scholars written during the first half of the 20th century provide us with valuable insights into Zaydī-Hādawī scholarship in Northern Yemen prior to the Republican revolution of 1962 and furnish important information about the education of 20th century Zaydī-Hādawī scholars and the contents of their libraries. The wide range of Muʿtazilī and non-Muʿtazilī sources used and quoted in the Miftāḥ sheds light on the distinct impact of various phases of a centuries-old school- and teaching-tradition.
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Diachkova, Galina. "Ethnocultural processes among the Chukchi in the 20th century." Études/Inuit/Studies 31, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2009): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019733ar.

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Abstract This paper briefly describes the Chukchi component of a research project entitled “The role of the community-based organisations of the North, Siberia and the Far-East in the Russian Federation’s social policies.” This study, initiated in 2001, focuses on the ethnocultural processes that impact on the development of the contemporaneous Chukchi community.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Abstract 20th century"

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Heron, Elizabeth. "The Unveiling." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2048.

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The method I use in creating abstract sculpture presented the question that became the subject of my Master's thesis. Only occasionally will I create from a pre-conceived concept. The sculptures evolve through a process of addition and subtraction of material to something that simply pleases me. This method, really no method at all, seemed contradictory to my original intentions. My artistic goals were purposeful; I wanted to create sculpture that would provoke a reaction first, not a judgment of features. I wanted the viewers emotional and psychological involvement to be the basis for content and meaning in the work. In spite of the indirect approach, I felt there was some success in achieving my goal. Discovering how this occurred was important because I was at a loss to understand the content of my own work. Did the sculpture I was making hold any deeper meaning for me? My thesis proposal advanced the question of how sculptural form expresses content. A more accurate question is, what does it mean? I had faith that I was indeed making art that was more than a pleasant arrangement of forms. Confident that there was also meaning, I proceeded to explore and analyze the relationship of creative process to sculptural form and content. While writing a draft of my thesis, I realized the question was beyond a definitive answer. This was a personal investigation of a fundamental question. My expectation was that insight and analysis would provide the answer I needed.
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Rampin, Dantas Neves. "A musica de Morton Feldman sob a otica de sua compreensão da pintura do expressionismo abstrato." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284696.

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Orientador: Denise Hortencia Lopes Garcia
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rampin_DantasNeves_M.pdf: 9209358 bytes, checksum: 374af3500d1f2a9923260762214a4c2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Esta pesquisa reflete a relação entre a música do compositor norte americano Morton Feldman e o grupo de pintores do Expressionismo Abstrato The New York School of Visual Arts - partindo da ótica do próprio compositor. Abordamos a maneira como Feldman trabalhou concepções advindas da pintura na composição técnica e estética em sua música. Para discorrer sobre este tema, a dissertação apresenta uma breve contextualização histórica da década de 50, do século passado, momento do encontro de Feldman com os pintores. Em seguida, apresentamos as concepções desenvolvidas por Feldman em sua música derivadas da pintura. Para tanto, apresentaremos análises que nos permitam compreender como estas concepções se concretizam musicalmente através da história notacional do compositor. Do ponto de vista metodológico a pesquisa se vale das declarações do próprio compositor, de pesquisas que abordam o trabalho composicional de Morton Feldman e da análise de obras. Priorizamos a análise da peça Crippled Symmetry, já que ela apresenta uma das notações mais originais produzidas por Feldman, o que nos inspirou a composição de Sombras Sobre o Encoberto 11, peça que apresentamos neste trabalho como resultado composicional desta pesquisa. Nas considerações finais, além do resultado de Sombras Sobre o Encoberto 11, discutimos como as concepções utilizadas por Feldman a partir da pintura pode ser amplamente explorada como base composicional singular.
Abstract: This research is about the relation between the music of the American composer Morton Feldman and the group of painters of Abstract Expressionism The New York School of Visual Arts - from the point of view of himself. It will focus the way Feldman developed concepts drawn from painting in the technique and aesthetics of his music. Thus the dissertation presents a historical account of the 1950s, when Feldman and the painters met. Then we present concepts Feldman drew from painting and developed in his music. We provide analyses which allow us to understand how such concepts work musically throughout Feldman's notational history. The method of this research is based on Feldman's statements, researches about his compositional work and the analysis of pieces. Crippled symmetry, whose notation is among the most original devised by Feldman, undergoes extensive analysis. It has also been the inspiration for the composition of our work Sombras sobre o Encoberto II, We present this piece as the compositional outcome of this research. In addition to this piece, the conclusion shows how the concepts Feldman drew from painting can be vastly explored as a unique basis for the composition of music.
Mestrado
Mestre em Música
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Ferris, Natalie. "'Ludic passage' : abstraction in post-war British literature, 1945-1980." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b3034e6-3a32-4684-b8a0-eb91cfc756c6.

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This thesis traces a line of literary experimentation in post-war British literature that was prompted by the aesthetic, philosophical and theoretical demands of abstraction. Spanning the period 1945 to 1980, it observes the ways in which certain aesthetic advancements initiated new forms of literary expression to posit a new genealogy of interdisciplinary practice in Britain. It is the first sustained chronological study to consider the ways in which a select number of British poets, authors and critics challenged the received views of their post-war moment in the discovery of the imaginative and idealizing potential of abstraction. At a time in which Britain became conscious of its evolving identity within an increasingly globalised context, this study accounts for the range of Continental and Transatlantic influences in order to more accurately locate the networks at play. Exploring the contributions made by individuals, such as Herbert Read, Ian Hamilton Finlay and Christine Brooke-Rose, as well as by groups of practitioners, such as the British concrete poetry movement, small press initiatives and Art & Language, this thesis offers a comprehensive account of the evolving status of abstraction across cultural, institutional and literary contexts. The discussions build a vision of an era that increasingly jettisons the predetermined critical lexicon of abstraction to generate works of a more pragmatic abstract inspiration: the spatial demands of concrete poetry, language as medium in the conceptual artwork, the absence of linear plot in the new novel.
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Draguet, Michel. "Genèse et naissance de l'abstraction de Kandinsky à Malevitch: essai de définition de la notion de Permière abstraction, 1911-1918." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213179.

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Craven, Michael P. "Abstract art and controversy : a case study of Louis Bunce's airport mural and other Portland art controversies." PDXScholar, 1997. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4296.

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This thesis examines a series of controversies in Portland, Oregon during the 1950s triggered by the placement of modem art in strategic public locations. This study examines the controversy surrounding the installation of Louis Bunce's mural at the Portland International Airport and the series of modern art controversies that followed the mural incident.
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Kšanienė, Daiva. "Muzikinis Gyvenimas Mažojoje Lietuvoje ir Klaipėdos krašte iki 1940m. : Lietuviu̜ ir Vokieičiu̜ kultūru̜ sa̜veika [The musical life in Lithuania Minor and the region of Klaipėda before 1940 : the interaction of Lithuanian and German cultures], Diss., Vilnius 1998 [Zusammenfassung]." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-222480.

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Younge, James Gavin Forrest. "The mirror and the square : a study of ideology within contemporary art systems with special reference to the American avant-garde in the period 1933-1953." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16370.

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Bibliography: pages 232-240.
This dissertation argues that abstract art is not ideologically neutral. In spite of many artists' anti-fascist stance early in their careers, the mantle of neutrality was assumed as a reaction to the protracted struggle between the two major ideologies confronting artists living in Europe and the United States of America in the period 1933-1953, namely capitalism and communism. These ideologies were not peripheral to artists lives, but were actively debated by both artists and intellectuals and resulted in the establishment of powerful cultural organisations. The ensuing growth in prestige and influence of left-wing artist's organisations was countered by a campaign which included direct suppression of left-wing artists as well as a form of ideological control. This control was vested in what has been called the specifics of patronage and is reflected in the establishment of the Arts Council in Britain and the private art museums in the United States. Changes in the art market have meant that, together with dealers and critics, these institutions wielded almost complete economic control over artists. The prevailing ideology of liberal humanism, which glorified individualism and defined democracy as a middle ground between the left and the right, favoured the development of a seemingly apolitical abstract art style. Analysis of the demise of the Artists International Association and the American Artist's Congress supports the conclusion that the figurative tradition lost prestige as a result of the stigma attached to Socialist Realism and the idealised realism demanded by National Socialism in Germany. Account is also taken of the attempt by well-positioned and influential commentators to identify all forms of realism with totalitarianism. It is not surprising therefore, that it was commonly believed that to paint in an abstract modern style was to strike a blow against fascism. In the same way that realism was identified with the regimentation of Soviet society, the avant-gardes' abstract experiments came to symbolize democracy. Drawing on the texts of writers, critics, artists and theorists, this dissertation shows that the force of the identification of progressive realism with totalitarianism, prepared the way for acceptance of the idea that freedom of expression epitomised freedom in general. In this way, anti-Stalinism and the post-war liberal philosophy of individual freedom, coupled with a search for 'essences' and the 'universal', directed artists inward to the medium of art as relevant subject-matter. This dissertation argues that this identification was ideologically motivated in respect to the balance of social and political power in America.
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Kšanienė, Daiva. "Muzikinis Gyvenimas Mažojoje Lietuvoje ir Klaipėdos krašte iki 1940m. : Lietuviu̜ ir Vokieičiu̜ kultūru̜ sa̜veika [The musical life in Lithuania Minor and the region of Klaipėda before 1940 : the interaction of Lithuanian and German cultures], Diss., Vilnius 1998 [Zusammenfassung]: Muzikinis Gyvenimas Mažojoje Lietuvoje ir Klaipėdos krašte iki 1940m. :Lietuviu̜ ir Vokieičiu̜ kultūru̜ sa̜veika [The musical life in Lithuania Minorand the region of Klaipėda before 1940 : the interaction of Lithuanian and German cultures], Diss., Vilnius 1998 [Zusammenfassung]." Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa ; 4 (1999), S. 174-179, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15529.

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Andrieu, Mélanie. "Une spécificité Cobra, les oeuvres collectives: émergence d'une pratique et exemplarité de Christian Dotremont." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209838.

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Cette thèse est une étude du mouvement Cobra à travers les œuvres collectives, une de ses composantes caractéristiques. Il s’agit tout d’abord de comprendre le mouvement, ses origines et influences, ainsi que sa visée d’un art libre, ouvert, expérimental, partie prenante de la vie. Dans un contexte social d’après-guerre, souvent politisé, Cobra défend l’action collective, définie notamment dans les notions d’antispécialisme et d’interspécialisme. Il convient de mettre en exergue les origines de cette pratique, et saisir les divers aspects qu’elle arbore, notamment au travers de revues, d’expositions ou de créations partagées. Le poète Christian Dotremont, animateur et âme de Cobra, favorise le travail de collaboration et contribue à son développement en stimulant les rencontres artistiques. Il se fait le passeur et le permanent "agitateur"» de cette notion. Les peintures-mots qu’il crée avec d’autres artistes participent à sa réflexion majeure sur l’écriture et la peinture. Ce lien interpelle quelques artistes belges comme Pierre Alechinsky, mais il passionne Christian Dotremont qui ne cesse de multiplier les expériences à ce propos, pour aboutir à ce qu’il nomme les logogrammes, remarquable fusion de la peinture et de la poésie, et aboutissement de toute une vie de recherche.

Ce travail est structuré en trois points. Le premier établit une étude du contexte artistique et social des années précédent Cobra puis la mise en place du groupe. Le second aborde les années d’intense activité "officielle" du groupe, au service du collectif. Enfin, le troisième propose de suivre l’évolution post-Cobra des œuvres collectives et des recherches sur l’écriture et la peinture. / This thesis is a study of the Cobra movement through one of its characteristic components: the collective works. First of all it's about understanding the movement, its origins (three countries), its influences and its purpose of a free art, open, experimental, involvement with life. In a social after-war context, often politicized, Cobra defends collective action, notably defined in concepts of anti-specialism and inter-specialism. We should therefore underline the origins of this practice and undestand different aspects that it shows, in particular through publications, exhibitions or shared creations. The poet Christian Dotremont, leader and soul of Cobra, promotes cooperative work by collaboration and contributes to its development by stimulating artistic meetings. He is the purveyor and permanent "agitator" of this concept. The words-paintings that he creates with other artists, take part of his major thinking about writing and painting. This link interpellates a few Belgian artists like Pierre Alechinsky, but it fascinates Christian Dotremont who keeps experimenting on it, in order to reach what he calls the logograms, a remarkable fusion of painting and poetry, and a culmination of a life-time of research.

This work is structured in three parts. The first one draws a study of the artistic and social context of the years preceding Cobra and the setting up of the group. The second one talks about years of intense "official" activity of the group serving collective way of work. Finally, the third one offers to follow the post-Cobra evolution of collective works and researches about writing and painting.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Barclay, Robert Leslie. "A critical analysis of actions taken upon historic musical instruments through the period of the early music revival from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1990s." Thesis, n.p, 1999. http://library7.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=3.

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Books on the topic "Abstract 20th century"

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Colin, O'Brien, ed. Abstract realities: Images of 20th century industrial design. London: London College of Printing, 2001.

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Fer, Briony. On abstract art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

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David, Thistlewood, and Tate Gallery Liverpool, eds. American abstract expressionism. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press and Tate Gallery Liverpool, 1993.

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Francis, Frascina, and Perry Gillian, eds. Primitivism, cubism, abstraction: The early twentieth century. New Haven: Yale University Press, in association with the Open University, 1993.

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Abstract painting in Canada. Vancouver: Douglas & MacIntyre, 2007.

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Nasgaard, Roald. Abstract painting in Canada. Vancouver: Douglas & MacIntyre, 2007.

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Mondrian: On the humanity of abstract painting. New York: George Braziller, 1995.

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Kooning, Elaine De. The spirit of abstract expressionism: Selected writings. New York: George Braziller, 1994.

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Reconstructing the subject: Modernist painting in Western Germany, 1945-1950. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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1960-, Mercer Kobena, ed. Discrepant abstraction. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Abstract 20th century"

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Jaeger, Lars. "The New Boys’ Physics—A New Generation Discovers the Abstract World of Quanta." In The Stumbling Progress of 20th Century Science, 99–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09618-1_6.

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Christou, Prokopis A. "Tourism during the Contemporary Period (1945-early 2020s)." In The history and evolution of tourism, 76–123. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621282.0006.

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Abstract The 1940s to 1960s witnessed a specific state of economic development of mass production and consumption characteristics of developed economies, known as 'Fordism', underpinning tourism development, supply and demand. This period witnessed the remarkable rise of the airline industry. Also, after the first half of the 20th century the world witnessed numerous amusement and theme parks that were largely influenced by the original Luna Park at Coney Island in New York and the first Disney theme park in Los Angeles that opened its doors to the public in the mid-1950s. Meanwhile, renowned academics and management consultants such as Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, Feigenbaum and Crosby attempted to explain the notion of 'quality'. Their views influenced practices and procedures in the tourism and hospitality industry.
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Fenwick, Alan, Wendie Norris, and Becky McCall. "Accelerating control of NTDs and schistosomiasis in particular, 2008-2020." In A tale of a man, a worm and a snail: the schistosomiasis control initiative, 224–36. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392558.0019.

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Abstract Public health in sub-Saharan Africa, even after COVID-19, has reached a critical mass that promises positive change for nearly a billion poorest in the world. This change is driven by the expansion interested in "neglected tropical diseases" or NTDs, ironically called, and the success of the built-in control programs for them. Now the removal of the disease in 2030, most consumers are in the spotlight due to continued community support: private partnerships for drug funding from pharmaceutical companies, bilateral sponsors (UK and US), fundraising organisations (GiveWell, GWWC, The END Fund), implementing NGOs (RTI, SCI, GAELF) and ministries of education and health care in endemic countries. There's still a lot of work to do resulted in elimination, but the word "forgotten" in the context of the tropics illness may no longer be true. NTD has since been practically unknown in the 20th century outside the poor and rural areas of the world, to a situation where, at the beginning of the 21st century, more than a billion treatments were performed each year.
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Belarmino, Amanda. "An examination of female exceptionalism in early leisure placemaking activities." In Women, leisure and tourism: self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience, 13–23. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247985.0002.

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Abstract Placemaking is defined as the intentional design of public space to benefit the health and happiness of the citizens. While this concept is generally considered to have originated in the 1960s with the work of Jones and Whyte, there is evidence that the basics of placemaking were present in the late 19th and early 20th century. The role of female pioneers in hospitality and leisure placemaking has remained relatively unexplored. These women who made industry-changing contributions to catering and culinary arts, food safety, hospitality architecture, and hotel operations helped to create both public and private spaces for leisure that promoted the basic tenets of placemaking. Their narratives will be examined in the context of historical benchmarking for leisure placemaking in this chapter, which details the lives, accomplishments, and lasting legacies of the foremothers of the hospitality industry. Provided in a case study format, this chapter provides leisure educators with materials for the classroom while examining the concept of placemaking from a historical viewpoint. This chapter provides insight for future research into the role of women in placemaking, both historically and in contemporary times.
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Thee, Marek. "My Story. A Journey Through the 20th Century." In Marek Thee: My Story, 9–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16905-2_2.

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AbstractOn September 11, 1989, my beloved wife Erna suddenly passed away. Cancer. How can I describe the shock? All at once, unexpected, I lost a dear and faithful lifelong companion. With Erna I had shared joy and sorrow for almost 50 years, since we met as refugees in Palestine back in 1940, she coming from Nazi Austria and I from Nazi Danzig. We had proceeded harmoniously through a stormy life in Palestine and Israel, then in Poland, in Indochina, and again in Poland, before finally, in 1968, finding refuge and a new life in Norway.
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Cohan, Frederick M. "Genomes reveal the cohesiveness of bacterial species taxa and provide a path towards describing all of bacterial diversity." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 282–300. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0282.

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Abstract This book chapter argues that bacterial systematists of the mid-20th century fortuitously created a species-level systematics that actually fits an important universal theory of speciation by discussing taxonomy would allow us to infer the important characteristics of any unknown organism once we classify it to species. It turns out, unexpectedly, that bacterial species taxa share a species-like property with the species taxa of zoology and botany. While recombination within species taxa of all these groups fails to prevent diversification within species, recombination nevertheless appears to act universally as a force of cohesion within species taxa. That is, recurrent recombination within species limits neutral sequence divergence within species taxa of plants, animals, and bacteria; recombination also allows a sharing of generally adaptive genes across a species range. The 95% ANI criterion that demarcates the traditionally defined species taxa of bacteria fortuitously also yields groups of bacteria that are subject to the species-like property of cohesion, where recombination prevents neutral sequence divergence among ecotypes within a species. Use of the ANI criterion, then, not only provides an easily used algorithm for demarcating bacterial species; it also places bacterial demarcation on the same theory-based foundation as the species taxonomy of animals and plants.
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Peterson, Erik L. "A ‘Fourth Wave’ of Vitalism in the Mid-20th Century?" In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 173–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_10.

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AbstractIn his 1966 John Danz lectures, Francis H. C. Crick decried vitalism in the life sciences. Why did he do this three decades after most historians and philosophers of science regarded vitalism as dead? This essay argues that, by advocating the reduction of biology to physics and chemistry Crick was: (a) attempting to imbue the life sciences with greater prestige, (b) paving the way for bioengineering and the reduction of consciousness to molecules, and (c) trying to root out religious sentiment in the life sciences. In service of these goals, Crick deployed vitalism as a straw man enemy. His wave of so-called vitalists in the middle of the twentieth century in fact raised legitimate questions regarding the relationship of organisms to their DNA molecules that Crick was ill-equipped to answer. Moreover, most were not vitalists at all but advocates for what I term bioexceptionalism—an argument for the methodological utility of keeping biological pursuits within their own domains, distinct from physics and chemistry, regardless of the ontological status of living things. Nevertheless, Crick’s status as a “cross-worlds influencer” entrenched a philosophically-enervated reductionism in the life sciences for decades.
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Duke-Evans, Jonathan. "Fair play in the 20th century and beyond." In An English Tradition?, 260—C13.P72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859990.003.0013.

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Abstract References to “fair play” reached their 20th-century peak in 1942 before a decline set in until the mid-1980s, followed by a levelling-off until the present day. Statements that fair play is an English or British trait continued to rise until about 1950. Fair play was hugely influential in British publicity during the First World War. But the note of scepticism or even ridicule becomes more insistent over the 20th century: many writers asserted that a particular situation belied the English or British reputation for fair play, but an increasing number questioned whether that reputation had ever been justified. The massive rise in media coverage of spectator sport came to dominate media references to fair play by the end of the century. By this time, too, “fair play” often meant little more than a vague expression of good will. At the start of the 21st century the debate on British identity heralded a new interest in the contemporary relevance of the idea of fair play, showing a remarkable official consensus that it was indeed a defining national characteristic. It was only in the later 20th century that researchers began systematically collecting information about personal standards of fair play. The available studies suggest that British people are hardly better than average when confronted with situations which require them to make decisions as to whether to act honestly. But in public life—particularly law and broadcasting, but also in professional sport—expectations rightly remain high.
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"History of Brazing." In Principles of Brazing, x—xi. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t5123000x.

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Pelczar, Michael. "Mill’s Metaphysics." In Phenomenalism, 12–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192868732.003.0002.

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Abstract Chapter 2 introduces Mill’s original phenomenalist theory and puts it into historical context, both in relation to the 18th and early 19th century metaphysics that preceded it, and the late 19th to early 20th century metaphysics that followed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Abstract 20th century"

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Orlov, I. I., S. A. Shennikov, O. S. Pavlova, and A. V. Martinova. "Historiography of the problem of jewelry design of the 20-th century." In Global science. Development and novelty. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gsdn-03-2022-07.

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Abstract: Jewelry is one of the most sought after destinations since ancient times. The article provides a brief overview of the historiography of the jewelry design problem of the second half of the 20th century. The search and development of technology that will allow you to create jewelry with elements of exact copies of plant material in metal is relevant in modern jewelry design.
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Shust, William, and Michael M. Palmieri. "A North American Historical Review of Three-Axle Freight Trucks." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8109.

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Abstract At first glance, it seems appealing to suggest additional wheelsets under a given railcar type. From the track’s viewpoint, and in a simplistic analysis, trading a particular car’s four-axles for the use of six should allow half again more car weight. This paper will examine efforts to test this concept over the past century. Indeed, the railway marketplace has investigated the three-axle truck in both the freight and passenger car arenas multiple times over the past century. Except in heavy-duty flatcars, the record shows that each implementation has proven to be only temporary. In general, three-axle freight trucks were developed for use with steam locomotive tenders in the early 20th century. These designs were then adapted to other car types over several decades, involving thousands of individual cars. Today, three-axle trucks are nearly extinct. This paper will address the history and status of three-axle freight trucks (or bogies) as used in North American railcar operations. Various past 20th-century applications will be discussed. International efforts will be reviewed as well. The very limited and remaining current usage of three-axle trucks is also discussed.
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LIAO, QINSI, and RONG HU. "ON THE TEACHING DESIGN AND TEACHING PRACTICE OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION IN COLLEGE ENGLISH COURSE BASED ON “STUDENT-CENTERED”." In 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (AEIM 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aeim2021/35962.

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Abstract. Education is a human activity and a social activity with human as its object. This “People-oriented” educational philosophy is a trend of thought that has influenced the world since modern times, especially since the middle and late 20th century. Students are the foundation of university, but also the object of university education and the center of university development. The paper, adhering to the “Student-centered learning” approach, designs and practices the ideological and political education in College English curriculum from a multi-dimensional perspective, and discusses how to promote the ideological and political education in College English course.
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Moulis, Antony. "Architecture in Translation: Le Corbusier’s influence in Australia." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.752.

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Abstract: While there is an abundance of commentary and criticism on Le Corbusier’s effect upon architecture and planning globally – in Europe, Northern Africa, the Americas and the Indian sub-continent – there is very little dealing with other contexts such as Australia. The paper will offer a first appraisal of Le Corbusier’s relationship with Australia, providing example of the significant international reach of his ideas to places he was never to set foot. It draws attention to Le Corbusier's contacts with architects who practiced in Australia and little known instances of his connections - his drawing of the City of Adelaide plan (1950) and his commission for art at Jorn Utzon's Sydney Opera House (1958). The paper also considers the ways that Le Corbusier’s work underwent translation into Australian architecture and urbanism in the mid to late 20th century through the influence his work exerted on others, identifying further possibilities for research on the topic. Keywords: Le Corbusier; post-war architecture; international modernism; Australian architecture, 20th century architecture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.752
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Pak, Y. Eugene. "Issues and Directions of MEMS Research for the Electronics Industry." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23800.

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Abstract The 20th Century has witnessed breathtaking developments in the miniaturization and the large-scale integration of microelectronic devices that have had an enormous impact on human affairs. The same miniaturization paradigm can be applied to mechanical devices using MEMS technology leading to ultra small micromachines that cannot otherwise be fabricated using conventional machining and assembly techniques. The MEMS technology is expected to have a great impact in the 21st century by enabling many complex electromechanical systems to be fabricated and integrated. In this paper, applications of MEMS to many areas relating to information and biotechnology are discussed. These topics are presented in the context of ongoing research at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT). SAIT is the central research laboratory for the Samsung Corporation whose charter is to develop breakthrough technologies to be th leader in the 21st century.
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Huchin, J. P. "The Place of Thermal Spraying in Industry Today and the Prospects for the Future." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0925.

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Abstract In 1913, in the dawning years of the 20th century, Doctor Schoop published a process for "depositing metal under an air flow" in the Scientific American, opening new horizons to surface treatment techniques. Therefore, surface treatments were taken into account right from the design stage by engineers, and their performances became input for devising objects right from the time they were conceived. There is a constant acceleration in the means employed, ever greater system automatisation and a continuous broadening in the applications
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Livesey, Graham, and Antony Moulis. "From Impact to Legacy: Interpreting Critical Writing on Le Corbusier from the 1920s to the Present." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.712.

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Abstract: As a major figure of international modernism, Le Corbusier’s work has been subject to extensive critique and review both during his lifetime and since, to the extent that he has become the world’s most studied 20th century architect. While numerous attempts have been made to assess Le Corbusier’s works and ideas in their meaning and influence, little attention has been given to understanding the phenomena of critical writing and research that continues to surround the architect. Drawing upon research by the authors in preparing a 4-volume anthology of writings on Le Corbusier’s work for a major British publisher in 2016, the paper will trace critical reaction to the architect’s practice through a survey investigation of research and writing produced mainly in English from the 1920s to the present. The paper will give a chronological account of the issues, ideas and approaches that have emerged in critical writings on Le Corbusier and his architecture, reporting on the historiographic questions that have presented themselves in undertaking such a large-scale survey work. Reviewing the work of well-known critics the survey has also sought out lesser-known voices whose presence reflects Le Corbusier’s impact around the world, providing new interpretations through fresh perspectives on his work. Keywords: Architectural criticism; Architectural historiography; 20th century architecture, Le Corbusier. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.712
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Godbole, Hrushikesh, Marcos Esterman, Shridhar Palekar, and Alvaro Rojas Arciniegas. "Successes and Challenges in Implementing Lean Product Development." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98078.

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Abstract Lean thinking is a successful management philosophy that originated in the production dominated mid-20th century. More recently, these principles have been contextualized in a product development setting. However, few companies have successfully adopted lean product development. The gap between the existing knowledge within the academic community and the current practices within the industry motivated an industry-academia research roundtable to identify the successes and challenges in implementing lean product development. This paper shares the successful practices, and the implementation challenges that industry faces in the context of lean product development, which include nomenclature, visual management and metrics, knowledge repository and lean education & training. The paper concludes with a roadmap of research required to enable the adoption of lean product development in the industry.
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Kashanskiy, S. V., E. K. Kovalevskiy, and N. O. Milovankina. "CHRYSOTILE-RELATED ASBESTOSIS IN THE POST-EXPOSURE PERIOD. STUDY DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-246-249.

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Abstract: Abstract. A retrospective case-control study among former workers of PJSC Uralasbest has been launched to establish the main clinical features of the disease as well as causes and structure of mortality in patients with chrysotile-related asbestosis in the post-exposure period taking into cumulative dust exposure. First, we collected information about 850 asbestosis cases diagnosed in the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers in 1946-2000. Control group of workers without asbestosis, matched by sex, duration of work, working conditions, cumulative dust exposure, social and living conditions, was set up as a control group. All primary information was entered in a specially developed database. Second, we established the vital status of the cases and the controls as of January 1, 2020. A considerable improvement of working conditions for the main jobs at PJSC Uralasbest in the second half of the 20th century leading to a statistically significant decrease in the cumulative exposure both by total dust and respirable chrysotile asbestos fibers. Improved working conditions have influenced increasing the duration of work until the development of the disease as shown by the rise in the proportion of workers with diagnosed asbestosis, mainly stage I, workers with 20 or more years after the first exposure.
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Cestelli, L., A. Johannessen, K. Stavem, A. Gulsvik, and R. Nielsen. "Period and cohort effects: consequences on lung function in Norway during the 20th century." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.1138.

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