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Journal articles on the topic 'Absorptive filters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bonmati-Carrion, Maria Angeles, Javier Padilla, Raquel Arguelles-Prieto, Anna M. Österholm, John R. Reynolds, Juan Antonio Madrid, and Maria Angeles Rol. "Electrochromic selective filtering of chronodisruptive visible wavelengths." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241900.

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We present evidence of pupil response modification, as well as differential theoretical melatonin suppression through selective and dynamic electrochromic filtering of visible light in the 400–500 nm range to minimize chronodisruptive nocturnal blue light exposure. A lower activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), the first step for light to reach a human’s internal clock, is related to melatonin secretion therefore avoiding detrimental effects of excessive blue light exposure. Pupillary Light Reflex and Color Naming were experimentally assessed under light filtered by two different coloration states (transmissive and absorptive) of these novel dynamic filters, plus an uncoated test device, in 16 volunteers. Also, different commercial light sources at illuminances ranging from 1 to 1000 lux were differentially filtered and compared in terms of theoretical melatonin suppression. Representative parameters of the pupil responses reflected lower pupil constriction when the electrochromic filters (ECFs) were switched on (absorptive state, blue light is absorbed by the filter) compared to uncoated filters (control sample), but failed to do so under transmissive state (blue light passes through the filter) indicating less activation of ipRGCs under absorptive state (although no significant differences between states was found). Out of eight colors tested, just one showed significant differences in naming between both filter states. Thus, the ECF would have some protecting effect on ipRGC activation with very limited changes in color perception. While there are some limitations of the theoretical model used, the absorptive state yielded significantly lower theoretical melatonin suppression in all those light sources containing blue wavelengths across the illuminance range tested. This would open the way for further research on biological applications of electrochromic devices.

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2

Gomez-Garcia, Roberto, Jose-Maria Munoz-Ferreras, and Dimitra Psychogiou. "Symmetrical Quasi-Absorptive RF Bandpass Filters." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67, no. 4 (April 2019): 1472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2895531.

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3

Wollack, E. J., D. T. Chuss, K. Rostem, and K. U-Yen. "Impedance matched absorptive thermal blocking filters." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 3 (March 2014): 034702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4869038.

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4

Nikolova, Nina, and Emil Nikolov. "Absorptive Repetitive Filters with Operators of Generalized Fractional Calculus." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0052.

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Abstract : An essentially new class of repetitive fractional disturbance absorptive filters in disturbances absorbing control systems is proposed in the paper. Systematization of the standard repetitive fractional disturbance absorptive filters of this class is suggested. They use rational approximations of the operators for fractional integration in the theory of fractional calculus. The paper discusses the possibilities for repetitive absorbing of the disturbances with integer order filters and with fractional order filters. The results from the comparative analysis of their frequency characteristics are given below.

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5

Zakirullin, R. S. "Diffraction in grating optical filters with angular-selective light transmission." Computer Optics 44, no. 3 (June 2020): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-654.

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The effect of diffraction on the directional light transmittance of grating optical filters designed for smart windows is studied. The filter has an angular selective light transmission due to two thin-film gratings formed by "non-transmissive" (absorptive, reflective or scattering) parallel strips on the surfaces of a single or double glazed window. Methods are considered for calculating the op-timal slope angle of two filter’s gratings, their relative position on the opposite window surfaces and the widths of the strips of both gratings to minimize light transmission on a specific date and time of day for a given latitude and longitude of the building and azimuth of the window. A meth-od has been developed for calculating the diffraction at the input and output gratings of the filter with regard for a complex movement of the Sun relative to the window and a corresponding change in the incidence angle of the solar beams on the gratings. To evaluate a decrease in the light transmittance of the filter due to diffraction, an additional factor is introduced into the calcu-lation equation. Geometric parameters of the filters and diffraction are calculated. The values of the diffraction factor are 0.9999992 and 0.9999998 for single or double glazed windows, respec-tively, i.e., the influence of diffraction on the light transmittance of the grating filter can be ne-glected.

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6

Dutta, Roy. "A new lumped element bridged-T absorptive band-stop filter." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 2 (2017): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1702179d.

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Following a brief review of previous work on bandstop filters, the inadequacy of a recent work to obtain a perfect notch or perfect absorption at the notch frequency ?0 is demonstrated. A simple and elegant alternative solution, based on purely analytical arguments, is then presented. The resulting network is shown to achieve perfect matching as well as perfect absorption at the notch frequency and has several other advantages. A comparison has also been made with the conventional bridged-T band-stop filter.

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7

Chien, Shih-Huan, and Yo-Shen Lin. "Novel Wideband Absorptive Bandstop Filters With Good Selectivity." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 18847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2752903.

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8

Baek, Seonghyeon, and Iljae Lee. "Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters." Noise Control Engineering Journal 67, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376744.

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The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

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9

Rahman, Akhlaq, and Jim Norman. "Influence of Different Packaging and Footprint Technique for Microwave Absorptive Bessel Filter's Performance." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 001073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-thp23.

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In present day's ultra high speed data transmission environment, passive filters play a very important and critical function to achieve high-end system performance, especially in Microwave frequency ranges of 10 GHz or higher. Excellent electrical specification such as accurate −3dB cutoff frequency bandwidth, stable group delay, along with VSWR characteristics are very important parameters for system performance. Filters mechanical specification is similarly important, if not more. Products need not only be in certain size to fit in the board but also needs to be complement with other components. As available space in PCB become miniature for each component, filters footprint as well as via position need to be in certain ways to optimize board space and performance. Packaging material and packaging techniques play significant role to be ease of mass production as well. While some manufacturers like “Wirebonding” packaging, some like “Through Via”, and “Ball Grid Array” is the packaging choice of some manufacturers. Component vendors need to have capability to change component design space, as the system designers' demand for their choice of footprint and packaging environment. Moreover, these stringent mechanical specifications cannot compromise the electrical specification. To realize the effect of different packaging technique, we extensively studied several packaging techniques for Bessel filters with −3dB cutoff frequencies of 7 GHz to 10 GHz. We explored “stud bump ball grid array”, “wirebonding”, and “land grid array” footprint packaging. We modeled different packaging technique and incorporated that into simulation to design the filter. We successfully manufacture surface mount filters with three different footprint packaging. We explored the influence of each packaging technique for electrical performance. We studied the hidden parasitic introduction from each packaging style and the detrimental effect of these to electrical performance, especially for frequency of 7 GHz to 10 GHz. We showed the advantages and disadvantages of all three kind of packaging technology in respect of electrical as well as mechanical specification.

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10

Терпугов, Даниил, Daniil Terpugov, Н. Акинин, N. Akinin, А. Монахов, and A. Monahov. "Carbon Dioxide Trapping by Alkaline Solutions in Tube Absorber." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5af01a5bc18460.05645089.

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Commercially gas emission purification at thermoelectric power stations, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, and cement and chemical plants is performed by multistage system with filters and cyclones, which trap solid particles, as well as by using different absorptive and adsorptive methods. A possibility of use a tubular absorption column for carbon dioxide trapping is considered in this work.

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11

Hickle, Mark D., and Dimitrios Peroulis. "Theory and Design of Frequency-Tunable Absorptive Bandstop Filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65, no. 6 (June 2018): 1862–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2766206.

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12

Moon, Seong-Mo, Han Lim Lee, and Moon-Que Lee. "Absorptive K-Band Bandpass Filter Using a Balanced Recursive Structure." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101633.

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This article presents a new K-band absorptive bandpass filter (ABPF) based on a microwave balanced recursive architecture. The proposed structure was configured using two passive microwave hybrid couplers, two conventional bandpass filters (BPFs), and a recursive path control module consisting of a phase shifter and an optionally variable gain amplifier. Using the proposed structure, stable return characteristics that were insensitive to the output load variation in the passband, a reduction in standing wave due to absorption in the stopband, and potentially high reliability could be achieved. Furthermore, since the same BPFs were reused, the electrical filtering order within the given physical BPF stages could be increased effectively. The proposed architecture was verified by comparing it with the performance of the conventional two-stage cascaded BPF. The measured results showed a 3 dB passband at 280 MHz with the center frequency at 19.9 GHz and improved roll-off characteristics. Furthermore, the stopband showed the reflectionless characteristic with the return loss being better than 7 dB.

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13

Hao, W., C. Marichy, and A. Brioude. "Promising properties of ALD boron nitride nanotube mats for water purification." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 12 (2017): 2311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en00811b.

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14

Lin, Ting-Yi, Yang-Chih Huang, and Tzong-Lin Wu. "Novel Absorptive Balanced Bandpass Filters Using Resistive Loaded Transmission Lines." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 9, no. 4 (April 2019): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2018.2861428.

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15

Bulja, Senad, Andrei Grebennikov, and Pawel Rulikowski. "Theory, analysis and design of high order reflective, absorptive filters." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, no. 6 (February 17, 2017): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0431.

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16

Guyette, Andrew C., Eric J. Naglich, and Sanghoon Shin. "Switched Allpass-to-Bandstop Absorptive Filters With Constant Group Delay." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, no. 8 (August 2016): 2590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2016.2586054.

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17

Morgan, Matthew A. "Think Outside the Band: Design and Miniaturization of Absorptive Filters." IEEE Microwave Magazine 19, no. 7 (November 2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2018.2862541.

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18

Psychogiou, Dimitra, Roberto Goamez-Garcia, and Dimitrios Peroulis. "Acoustic Wave Resonator-Based Absorptive Bandstop Filters With Ultra-Narrow Bandwidth." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 25, no. 9 (September 2015): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2015.2451357.

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19

Psychogiou, Dimitra, Roberto Gomez-Garcia, and Dimitrios Peroulis. "Acoustic-Wave-Lumped-Element-Resonator Filters With Equi-Ripple Absorptive Stopbands." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 3 (March 2016): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2524997.

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20

Stander, Tinus, Petrie Meyer, and Pieter Willem van der Walt. "Compact high‐power broadband absorptive filters using slotted waveguide harmonic pads." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 8, no. 9 (June 2014): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2013.0431.

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21

Wu, Xiaohu, Yingsong Li, and Xiaoguang Liu. "High-Order Dual-Port Quasi-Absorptive Microstrip Coupled-Line Bandpass Filters." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 68, no. 4 (April 2020): 1462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2955692.

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22

Yuadta, Akira, Tetsuma Ozawa, Yutaka Nakano, and Tsuyoshi Nishizaka. "Tolerance of Laser Protective Spectacles Using Absorptive Glass Filters to Laser Irradiation." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 8, no. 3 (1987): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.8.3_187.

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23

Munson, C. D., S. K. Choi, K. P. Coughlin, J. J. McMahon, K. H. Miller, L. A. Page, and E. J. Wollack. "Composite reflective/absorptive IR-blocking filters embedded in metamaterial antireflection-coated silicon." Applied Optics 56, no. 19 (June 22, 2017): 5349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.56.005349.

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24

Allen, Wesley N., Anming Gao, Songbin Gong, and Dimitrios Peroulis. "Hybrid Bandpass-Absorptive-Bandstop Magnetically Coupled Acoustic-Wave-Lumped-Element-Resonator Filters." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 28, no. 7 (July 2018): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2018.2837903.

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25

Ferrari, Mauro, and Luca Piattella. "0.8–8 GHz 4-bit MMIC phase shifter for T/R modules." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 3-4 (May 21, 2015): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000793.

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This paper presents the design approach and test results of a full passive, decade bandwidth GaAs MMIC, composed by a phase shifter (PS) with a cascaded absorptive single pole double throw switch, suitable for transmitter/receiver modules in active electronically scanned array. The proposed PS – fabricated using a UMS GaAs 0.25 PHEMT process – combines all-pass filters with high-pass filters, in order to provide less than 13 dB insertion loss, less than ±20° phase error and less than ±2.5 dB amplitude error in the 0.8–8 GHz bandwidth.

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26

Korolevich, A. N., and M. Belsley. "Simultaneous measurements of thermally induced birefringence and thermal refraction in absorptive glass filters." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): S173—S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/3/2/364.

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27

Takeda, Yasuhiko, Taichi Maruya, and Hideyuki Tanaka. "Absorptive angular-selective filters consisting of dielectric multilayers combined with thin absorbing layers." Applied Optics 58, no. 33 (November 18, 2019): 9094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.009094.

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28

Hong, Jongwoo, Hyunwoo Son, Changhyun Kim, Sang-Eun Mun, Jangwoon Sung, and Byoungho Lee. "Absorptive metasurface color filters based on hyperbolic metamaterials for a CMOS image sensor." Optics Express 29, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.415874.

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29

Sully, Claire J., Kelly L. Olds, and Neil E. I. Langlois. "Comparison of dichroric with absorptive filters when using alternate light sources to enhance bruises." Pathology 51 (February 2019): S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2018.12.336.

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30

Стребежев, Володимир Вікторович, Сергій Васильович Нічий, Іван Миколайович Юрійчук, and Віктор Миколайович Стребежев. "Development of interference absorptive filters on In4(Se3)1-х Te3х and CdSb basic crystals." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 9(72) (December 23, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.31731.

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31

Healy, R. M., J. C. Wenger, A. Metzger, J. Duplissy, M. Kalberer, and J. Dommen. "Gas/particle partitioning of carbonyls in the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 12 (June 26, 2008): 3215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3215-2008.

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Abstract. A new denuder-filter sampling technique has been used to investigate the gas/particle partitioning behaviour of the carbonyl products from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. A series of experiments was performed in two atmospheric simulation chambers at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature in the presence of NOx and at a relative humidity of approximately 50%. The denuder and filter were both coated with the derivatizing agent O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) to enable the efficient collection of gas- and particle-phase carbonyls respectively. The tubes and filters were extracted and carbonyls identified as their oxime derivatives by GC-MS. The carbonyl products identified in the experiments accounted for around 5% and 10% of the mass of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene respectively. Experimental gas/particle partitioning coefficients were determined for a wide range of carbonyl products formed from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and compared with the theoretical values based on standard absorptive partitioning theory. Photooxidation products with a single carbonyl moiety were not observed in the particle phase, but dicarbonyls, and in particular, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, exhibited gas/particle partitioning coefficients several orders of magnitude higher than expected theoretically. These findings support the importance of heterogeneous and particle-phase chemical reactions for SOA formation and growth during the atmospheric degradation of anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons.

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32

Healy, R. M., J. C. Wenger, A. Metzger, J. Duplissy, M. Kalberer, and J. Dommen. "Gas/particle partitioning of carbonyls in the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 5, 2008): 4727–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-4727-2008.

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Abstract. A new denuder-filter sampling technique has been used to investigate the gas/particle partitioning behaviour of the carbonyl products from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. A series of experiments was performed in two atmospheric simulation chambers at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature in the presence of NOx and at a relative humidity of approximately 50%. The denuder and filter were both coated with the derivatizing agent O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) to enable the efficient collection of gas- and particle-phase carbonyls respectively. The tubes and filters were extracted and carbonyls identified as their oxime derivatives by GC-MS. The carbonyl products identified in the experiments accounted for around 5% and 10% of the mass of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene respectively. Experimental gas/particle partitioning coefficients were determined for a wide range of carbonyl products formed from the photooxidation of isoprene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and compared with the theoretical values based on standard absorptive partitioning theory. Photooxidation products with a single carbonyl moiety were not observed in the particle phase, but dicarbonyls, and in particular, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, exhibited gas/particle partitioning coefficients several orders of magnitude higher than expected theoretically. These findings support the importance of heterogeneous chemistry as a pathway for SOA formation and growth during the atmospheric degradation of anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons.

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33

Nath, S. K., M. Rautureau, M. Heyman, H. Reggio, A. L'Helgoualc'h, and J. F. Desjeux. "Emergence of Na+-glucose cotransport in an epithelial secretory cell line sensitive to cholera toxin." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): G335—G341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.2.g335.

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Epithelial properties and effects of cholera toxin (CT) and glucose were investigated in human rectal tumor cell line HRT-18. Addition of 10(-3) M dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DbcAMP), 10(-8) M vasoactive intestinal peptide, 10(-5) M epinephrine, and 10(-5) M forskolin to the serosal side and of 3.5 micrograms/ml CT to the mucosal side and of 2 micrograms/ml A23187 to both the serosal and mucosal sides raised short-circuit current (Isc). This rise was reversed by serosal addition of 5 x 10(-5) M bumetanide or 10(-4) M ouabain. In filters treated with CT, Isc and net chloride flux (JClnet) increased after 60 min from 0.05 +/- 0.008 and -0.04 in the Ringer to 0.32 +/- 0.05 and -0.33 mueq.h-1.cm-2, respectively. Addition of 10(-2) M glucose further raised Isc by stimulating net sodium flux (JNanet) (0.70 +/- 0.08 and + 0.58 mueq.h-1.cm-2, respectively). This additional augmentation of Isc was reversed by 0.5 mM phlorizin and was mimicked by 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. When the filters were stimulated by cAMP for 15 min, Isc was also enhanced by addition of glucose. In untreated filters, Isc, JNanet, and JClnet did not differ significantly before and after addition of glucose. It is concluded that HRT-18 cells in basal state do not display absorptive properties but secretory properties stimulated by CT. However they exhibit Na+-glucose cotransport once stimulated by either CT or cAMP.

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Svensson, Jonas, Johan Ström, Niku Kivekäs, Nathaniel B. Dkhar, Shresth Tayal, Ved P. Sharma, Arttu Jutila, et al. "Light-absorption of dust and elemental carbon in snow in the Indian Himalayas and the Finnish Arctic." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2018): 1403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1403-2018.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) deposited in snow have the potential to substantially affect the snow radiation budget, with subsequent implications for snow melt. To more accurately quantify the snow albedo, the contribution from different LAIs needs to be assessed. Here we estimate the main LAI components, elemental carbon (EC) (as a proxy for black carbon) and mineral dust in snow from the Indian Himalayas and paired the results with snow samples from Arctic Finland. The impurities are collected onto quartz filters and are analyzed thermal–optically for EC, as well as with an additional optical measurement to estimate the light-absorption of dust separately on the filters. Laboratory tests were conducted using substrates containing soot and mineral particles, especially prepared to test the experimental setup. Analyzed ambient snow samples show EC concentrations that are in the same range as presented by previous research, for each respective region. In terms of the mass absorption cross section (MAC) our ambient EC surprisingly had about half of the MAC value compared to our laboratory standard EC (chimney soot), suggesting a less light absorptive EC in the snow, which has consequences for the snow albedo reduction caused by EC. In the Himalayan samples, larger contributions by dust (in the range of 50 % or greater for the light absorption caused by the LAI) highlighted the importance of dust acting as a light absorber in the snow. Moreover, EC concentrations in the Indian samples, acquired from a 120 cm deep snow pit (possibly covering the last five years of snow fall), suggest an increase in both EC and dust deposition. This work emphasizes the complexity in determining the snow albedo, showing that LAI concentrations alone might not be sufficient, but additional transient effects on the light-absorbing properties of the EC need to be considered and studied in the snow. Equally as imperative is the confirmation of the spatial and temporal representativeness of these data by comparing data from several and deeper pits explored at the same time.

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Gómez‐García, Roberto, José‐María Muñoz‐Ferreras, Wenjie Feng, and Dimitra Psychogiou. "Wide‐band signal‐interference duplexer with contiguous single/dual‐band channels and its application to quasi‐absorptive bandpass filters." Electronics Letters 54, no. 9 (May 2018): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2018.0503.

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36

Waterston, C. D., B. W. Oelofsen, and R. D. F. Oosthuizen. "Cyrtoctenus wittebergensis sp. nov. (Chelicerata: Eurypterida), a large sweep-feeder from the Carboniferous of South Africa." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 76, no. 2-3 (1985): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010555.

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ABSTRACTCyrtoctenus wittebergensis sp. nov. is described from a unique holotype from the Witteberg Group of the Cape Supergroup. It is a giant hibbertopteroid eurypterid having combs and specialised movable spines of crytoctenid type (Størmer & Waterston 1968) on the more distal podomeres of the second to fourth prosomal appendages. The function of the combs and their associated movable spines is discussed and it is suggested that together they formed a unique adaptation of eurypterid structures to sweep filter-feeding, the combs forming the filters and the spines the cleaners. The digestive tract is remarkably preserved and shows a spiral valve, posterior to the stomach, which is interpreted as an adaptive feature in this large arthropod to increase the absorptive area of the gut.The new evidence provided by the South African specimen has required the re-interpretation of the disarticulated Cyrtoctenus specimens previously described from Europe. Disjecta membra recently obtained from the Tournaisian of Foulden, Berwickshire, which may belong to Cyrtoctenus, are described and show characters previously unknown in Scottish material but similar to certain features in the South African specimen.The taxonomic relationships within the Hibbertopteroidea are discussed in the light of the new combination of characters found in C. wittebergensis. Two families are recognised in the superfamily, the Hibbertopteridae, including Hibbertopterus and Campylocephalus, and the new family Cyrtoctenidae which is here erected to include Cyrtoctenus, Dunsopterus and possibly also Hastimima.

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Ravid, Z., M. Bendayan, E. Delvin, A. T. Sane, M. Elchebly, J. Lafond, M. Lambert, G. Mailhot, and E. Levy. "Modulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption by high glucose levels: impact on cholesterol transporters, regulatory enzymes, and transcription factors." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, no. 5 (November 2008): G873—G885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90376.2008.

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Growing evidence suggests that the small intestine may contribute to excessive postprandial lipemia, which is highly prevalent in insulin-resistant/Type 2 diabetic individuals and substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of high glucose levels on intestinal cholesterol absorption, cholesterol transporter expression, enzymes controlling cholesterol homeostasis, and the status of transcription factors. To this end, we employed highly differentiated and polarized cells (20 days of culture), plated on permeable polycarbonate filters. In the presence of [14C]cholesterol, glucose at 25 mM stimulated cholesterol uptake compared with Caco-2/15 cells supplemented with 5 mM glucose ( P < 0.04). Because combination of 5 mM glucose with 20 mM of the structurally related mannitol or sorbitol did not change cholesterol uptake, we conclude that extracellular glucose concentration is uniquely involved in the regulation of intestinal cholesterol transport. The high concentration of glucose enhanced the protein expression of the critical cholesterol transporter NPC1L1 and that of CD36 ( P < 0.02) and concomitantly decreased SR-BI protein mass ( P < 0.02). No significant changes were observed in the protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG8, which act as efflux pumps favoring cholesterol export out of absorptive cells. At the same time, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity was decreased ( P < 0.007), whereas ACAT activity remained unchanged. Finally, increases were noted in the transcription factors LXR-α, LXR-β, PPAR-β, and PPAR-γ along with a drop in the protein expression of SREBP-2. Collectively, our data indicate that glucose at high concentrations may regulate intestinal cholesterol transport and metabolism in Caco-2/15 cells, thus suggesting a potential influence on the cholesterol absorption process in Type 2 diabetes.

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Shin, Woo-Jin, Hyung-Seon Shin, Ji-Hun Hwang, and Kwang-Sik Lee. "Effects of Filter-Membrane Materials on Concentrations of Trace Elements in Acidic Solutions." Water 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123497.

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Filtration is commonly used to separate liquids from solid materials before the determination of trace element concentrations in aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is important to determine how much elemental content is extracted from the filter itself or lost via absorption into the filter. In this study, we investigated three types of disposable syringe filters (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; PTFE with glass microfiber prefiltration media, GD/X) and their acid-cleaned versions using ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and acetic acid (HOAc) solutions. The concentrations of most trace elements (Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, and U) were higher in filtrates that had passed through acid-cleaned filters than those that had passed through uncleaned filters. In filtrates from PVDF and PTFE filters, many trace elements were below the detection limit. However, regardless of the filter type and acid cleaning, Li, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of NH4NO3 solutions, and Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of HOAc solutions were much higher than those of other trace elements. These differences were particularly noticeable in filtrates from GD/X filters containing glass microfiber layers. These data indicate that certain trace elements can be released from membrane materials by reacting with acid in the filtered solution. Furthermore, the amounts of each trace element were associated with the membrane type. These findings suggest that filter type should be carefully selected to obtain the required accuracy, in consideration of the target elements and whether an acid-cleaned filter is needed.

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Pradhan, Asik, Sanjeeb Bhandari, Purushottam Dhungana, and Raju Kaiti. "Contact lenses for visual rehabilitation in Bilateral Nanophthalmos with Retinal Dystrophy- A case report." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 8, no. 2 (March 22, 2017): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v8i2.17016.

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Background: Nanophthalmos is an uncommon developmental ocular disorder characterized by a small eye with short axial length, high hyperopia and high lens to eye volume ratio due to arrested development of the globe in all directions. Different types of fundus changes can rarely occur with nanophthalmos. Observations: This is a case report of a 17 years old female who presented with bilateral gradual progressive visual loss and photophobia at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology on 3rd July 2015. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/300 with +12.00Ds/-1.00Dcyl@180 in the right eye and 20/200 with +12.00Ds/-1.50Dcyl@180 in the left eye. Axial lengths of two eyes were markedly shortened with pigmentary changes at the macula and dull foveal reflex along with retinal flecks in the mid-periphery. Full field ERG showed diminished rod and cone waves suggestive of rod and cone dysfunction. With the use of Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) contact lenses, the acuity improved to 20/200 and 20/125 in the right and left eye respectively. Conclusion: This study proposes the use of contact lenses and light absorptive filters for better visual rehabilitation.

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Hadi, Enas M., and Safa L. Jasim. "Evaluating the Performance of Carbon in Water Filters Preparation from Porcelanites and Studying the Properties of Water Passing through a Filter." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190809102004.

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Background: In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives “wheat flakes.” Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. Methods: These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and apparent density). Results: From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity. The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33. Conclusion: Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the Iraqi standard for drinking water.

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Maqsood, Hafza, Shah Rukh, Muhammad Imran, A. Ayazmehmood, Wazir Ahmad, Ammar Matloob, Hafiz Ahmad, Ahmad Khan, and Sundus Butt. "Evaluation of laterite as filter media to remove arsenic from groundwater." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200310057m.

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Arsenic (As) in drinking water has a chronic effect on humans and thus is a global health issue. Mostly people of Pakistan use groundwater for drinking, consequently prone to As toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate laterite as an adsorbent media for As removal, and subsequent preparation of a low-cost As filter. Laterite was tested for As adsorption capacity through batch sorption experiment and fitting Langmuir model. Two identical filters were prepared using a variable particle size of laterite and substrate material ratios (sand, activated carbon, and brick chips). Arsenic contaminated water was poured daily and collected at the bottom for analysis. The water samples were analyzed for As using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with hydride generation assembly. Other water quality parameters viz., electrical conductivity (EC), pH, chloride (Cl), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved salts (TDS), nitrate (NO-3), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), carbonate (CO-3), bicarbonate (HCO-3), and sulfate (SO-4) were also tested. Filter1 had an As removal efficiency of about 83 to 93 % while Filter 2 had about 67 to 85 %. Most of the water quality parameters remained under the WHO recommended limits indicating no harmful addition to the filtered water by substrates. It appears that laterite may serve as an economical option for As removal from contaminated groundwater.

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Green, CR, FW Conrad, JKA Bridle, and MF Borgerding. "A Liquid Chromatography Procedure for Analysis of Nicotine on Cellulose Acetate Filters." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0551.

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AbstractA procedure has been developed for filter analysis whereby the cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetonitrile to release any trapped nicotine. Dissolving the filter eliminates time consuming steam distillation or solvent extraction steps and assures that the recovery of nicotine is complete. After the filter is dissolved, the cellulose acetate is precipitated by addition of an amine-phosphate buffer and an aliquot of the filtered solution is analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two methods of HPLC analysis are described. In both cases the separation is achieved on a cyano-bonded silica column and detection is by ultra-violet absorption at 254 nm. Different mobile phases are used in the two methods. In the first procedure, a diethylamine-phosphate buffer at pH 7.56 is used while in the second procedure, a dimethylamine-phosphate buffer at pH 3.00 is used. Analytical results are equivalent for both chromatographic methods, but the second procedure may offer extended analytical column life. Results of a study relating the structure of the amine in the mobile phase to nicotine retention are presented. The amount of nicotine trapped on cellulose acetate filters during smoking was determined with increasing intervals between smoking and analysis. These results demonstrate that nicotine is stable on filters and previous problems of analysis were caused by difficulty in removal from aged filters.

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Dziubak, Tadeusz, and Yuriy Yendzheyovskyy. "Operating properties of air inlet filters in a sports car engine." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 66, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1894.

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There are presented design solutions and operation properties of air inlet filters of motor vehicles and sports cars. An analysis of the impact of the use of a sports car air filter in a passenger car was performed. The effect of this change on the increase in power and torque in several car engines was shown. The conditions and methodology of sports car air filter studies have been developed. A research stand with a particle counter was presented. The test results on the characteristics of efficiency and accuracy filtration and flow resistance of two sports air filters were presented. Each filter was tested at a different filtration rate. The dust absorption coefficient of the sport filter was determined. The dust particle fraction in the air purified behind the filter was calculated. Keywords: engine, air filter, sports filter, filtration efficiency and filtration accuracy, flow resistance, dust absorption coefficient, particle size

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Paulino, A. I., M. Heldal, S. Norland, and J. K. Egge. "Elemental stoichiometry of marine particulate matter measured by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 8 (July 22, 2013): 2003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000635.

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This paper describes the development of a method for quantitative measurement of the elemental composition of particulate matter (PM) in seawater. This method is based on use of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) analysing PM harvested on various filter types. As the amount of material is less than a monolayer of cells on the filters we reduced the need for absorption correction. Given the appropriate combination of filters and elements the detection limits are low: <1 µg/filter for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and <0.1 µg/filter for silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe). The analytical range used was 90–750 µg C, 23–116 µg N and 7–30 µg P, depending on the filters applied. Calibration constants for the elements included in this study were obtained from analysis of known quantities of chemical compounds on filters or silver plates. For carbon and nitrogen we also used comparative measurements of Synechococcus sp. cultures by CHN analyser and WDXRF. We harvested PM from 150 ml to 2000 ml on each filter in three replicates, obtaining less than 5% analytical variability between the replicates. One of the challenges using WDXRF as proposed here is the absorption of X-ray signals by the filter and variability of cell/particle sizes, and, consequentlyly, the variability of harvested PM on various filters. We find that an anodisc filter is best suited for C and N, while polycarbonate filters are best for heavier elements. Here we present analytical details and some data from field experiments related to C, N, P, Si, Ca and Fe in particles from seawater.

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Xu, Lixian, Di Wu, Bingrong Zhou, Yang Xu, Wenjuan Wang, Dinghua Yu, and Dan Luo. "Microencapsulated sunblock nanoparticles based on zeolitic imidazole frameworks for safe and effective UV protection." RSC Advances 8, no. 22 (2018): 12315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00632f.

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da Silva, Luís Pinto, Paulo J. O. Ferreira, Margarida S. Miranda, and Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva. "A theoretical study of the UV absorption of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor: from the UVB to the UVA region." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 2 (2015): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00392f.

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James, Christopher, and Robert N. Dean. "Improved RF Metamaterial Band-Pass Filter Design Using CSRR Structures on LCP Substrate." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 001016–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp61.

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In the past decade, the emergence of man-made structures with unusual electromagnetic properties not seen in nature—commonly known as “metamaterials”—has generated much interest in designing filters, antennas, lenses, and other devices based on negative values of permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ). Manipulating negative values of these electromagnetic parameters has found applications in communication technology and cloaking research by taking advantage of interesting phenomena such as a negative index of refraction and the reverse Doppler Effect. RF and microwave filters with different frequency responses (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop) can be realized by varying microstrip signal line shapes at a frequency of interest due to the fact that the metamaterial frequency response is dependent on the physical dimensions of the structures. For example, the center frequency of a filter can be determined by adjusting the physical dimensions of metamaterial building blocks called split-ring resonators (SRR) or their duals, complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR). To further metamaterial applications, however, non-planar surfaces and effects of curvature on frequency response must also be considered. In this work, an RF metamaterial filter is presented to demonstrate an improvement in the band-pass frequency response from a previous design at Auburn University by enhancing the upper band behavior of the filter. This is achieved by modifying the metamaterial design on the microstrip device to incorporate new additions to the signal line to combine both high-pass and low-pass metamaterial design concepts, resulting in a band-pass response. The filter is designed using a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) slab as a substrate due in part to its dielectric properties, but also to investigate the filter's performance on a flexible structure. An exploration into the roles of different signal line and CSRR dimensions in filter design is given, and a microstrip filter designed using ANSYS HFSS is shown along with simulation results to verify band-pass filter response. LCP was selected due to its excellent RF properties, its resistance to moisture absorption, and its ability to be micromachined.

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Ghofur, A., H. Isworo, R. Subagyo, M. Tamjidillah, R. Siswanto, Ma’ruf Ma’ruf, H. Purwanto, and Muchsin Muchsin. "Modelling study of flue gas flow pattern with pressure, amount and shape variation catalytic converter." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 103 (May 1, 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1769.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the modelling of exhaust gas flow patterns with variations in pressure, number, and shape of filters on the catalytic converter. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used is a simulation using ANSYS, which starts by creating a converter catalytic model with pressure variations: (0.5-1.5 atm), number of filters: (2-5), and the form of filter-cut/filter-not-cut. Findings: The decrease in velocity is caused by non-uniform velocity in the exhaust gas flow that occurs when passing through a bend in the filter-cut that serves as a directional flow to create turbulence. Filter-cut type tends to have fluctuating pressure, turbulence flow pattern shape so that contact between filter and exhaust gas is more effective. Based on the analysis of flow patterns, the speed and pressure of the 5 filter-not-cut design at a pressure of 0.5 are the best, while at pressure (1-1.5 atm) the type 5 filter-cut is the best. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to filter-not-cut and filter-cut types with variations in the number of filters: 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the inlet pressure between 0.5-1 atm. Practical implications: The practical implications of this study are to find a catalytic converter design that has advantages in the effectiveness of exhaust gas absorption. Originality/value: The results show that the filter-not-cut and filter-cut types have the best effectiveness in the number of 5 filters. Filter-not-cut at the pressure of 0.5 atm and filter-cut at pressure (1-1.5 atm).

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Kang, Yue Yi, Yan Ju Wang, Li Kun Yang, and Yu Tian Wang. "Difference Absorption Optical Fiber Methane Gas Sensor Based on FBG ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.580.

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In this paper, based on analysis of the near infrared spectral absorption of methane molecule and considering factors such as compatibility with the transmission characteristics of silica optical fiber and the price, using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) filters to replace the the traditional interference filter, a novel kind of all-fiber remote sensor utilizing FBG filters and 1.33μm high power light-emitting diode (LED) was developed for real time measurement of methane gas concentration. FBG has a low insert loss and can be produced easily compared with dielectric interference filters. Theory and experiment proved that the system has simple construct and high sensibility.

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Fisher, Robert M. "DXS: Differential absorption x-ray spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133321.

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X-ray spectrochemical analysis, with either energy-dispersive (EDS) or wavelength-dispersive (WDS) systems, is is used extensively by electron microscopists to determine the chemical composition of selected features in a wide variety of specimens. Several decades of development have yielded efficient and rugged detector crystals and goniometer hardware as well as sophisticated, but user-friendly, software for quantitative chemical and image analysis. Nevertheless an alternative system, based on differential x-ray absorption with "balanced" transmission filters (DXS™) has attractive advantages as a simple, low cost, system for qualitative x-ray microanalysis which does not require liquid nitrogen. Computer processing of intensities obviates the former need for impossibly-precise adjustment of filter thickness. However the filter array must be preset for analysis of the elements that are believed to be present for routine work.DXS analysis is based on the abrupt change in x-ray absorption that occurs between particular elements. This is illustrated by the different mass absorption coefficients for Fe and Cr K radiation for a series of filters in increasing atomic number from Ti to Co as shown in Figure 1 (1,2).

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