Relevant bibliographies by topics / Absorption estimation

Academic literature on the topic 'Absorption estimation'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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HEANEY, ROBERT P. "Estimation of True Calcium Absorption." Annals of Internal Medicine 103, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-516.

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Heaney, R. P., R. R. Recker, and K. Kasper. "Estimation of True Calcium Absorption." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 1, no. 1 (February 1986): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453368600100120.

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Glicksohn, Joseph, Boaz Mourad, and Eyal Pavell. "Imagination, Absorption and Subjective Time Estimation." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 11, no. 2 (October 1991): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1gn7-qvmb-bv80-qj1y.

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Luo, Jie, Yongming Zhang, and Qixing Zhang. "Effects of black carbon morphology on brown carbon absorption estimation: from numerical aspects." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 2113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2113-2021.

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Abstract. In this work, we developed a numerical method to investigate the effects of black carbon (BC) morphology on the estimation of brown carbon (BrC) absorption using the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) methods. Pseudo measurements of the total absorption were generated based on several morphologically mixed BC models, then the BrC absorption was inferred based on different BC AAE methods. By investigating the estimated BrC absorption at different parameters, we have demonstrated under what conditions the AAE methods can provide good or bad estimations. As recent studies have shown that both externally and internally mixed BC still exhibits a relatively small fractal dimension value, the AAE = 1 method is still a reasonable method to estimate the BrC absorption as the AAE of fluffy BC does not deviate significantly from 1. However, the deviation between the “true” and the estimated BrC mass absorption cross section (MAC) should also be carefully considered as sometimes the MAC deviation estimated using the AAE = 1 method can reach a value that is comparable to the true BrC MAC for internally mixed particles. The Mie AAE method can just provide relatively reasonable estimations for small particles, and the BrC absorption deviations estimated using the Mie AAE methods are rather substantial for large particles. If the BC core still exhibits a fluffy structure, the deviation between the true and the estimated BrC MAC can reach 4.8 and 5.8 m2/g for large externally and internally mixed particles, respectively. Even for a compact BC core, the BrC MAC deviation estimated using the Mie AAE method can reach approximately 2.8 m2/g when the BC size is large. By comparing the AAE of spherical BC and detailed BC models, we found that the AAE does not deviate significantly from 1 if BC presents a fluffy fractal structure, while it varies considerably with particle size if BC exhibits a spherical structure, and the AAE value of spherical BC can vary from a negative value to approximately 1.4. The precalculated wavelength dependence of AAE (WDA) method does not necessarily improve the estimations. In many cases, the WDA method even provides a worse estimation than the BC AAE =1 and Mie AAE methods. Our results showed that the WDA does not deviate significantly from 0 if the BC core presents a fluffy structure, while the WDA of spherical BC can vary significantly as the particle size changes. The deviation between the true and the estimated BrC MAC using the WDA method can reach approximately 9 m2/g for externally mixed particles, which is far more than BrC MAC itself. As recent studies have shown that BC commonly exhibits a fluffy structure but not a spherical structure, the estimation of BrC absorption based on the AAE method should carefully consider the effects of BC morphologies.
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Graves, David A., and Keith S. Rotenberg. "Pseudoephedrine absorption from controlled release formulations: Absorption rate constant estimation methods." Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition 10, no. 2 (March 1989): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2510100203.

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Franceschini, Emilie, Marie-Christine Pauzin, Serge Mensah, and Jean-Philippe Groby. "Soft tissue Absorption Tomography with Correction for Scattering Aberrations." Ultrasonic Imaging 27, no. 4 (October 2005): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460502700402.

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Among the many factors involved in ultrasound attenuation phenomena, scattering effects play a major role, even in the unexpected case of soft tissues. It is proposed in this study to quantitatively evaluate the scattering affecting the measurements before reconstructing the absorption parameter alone. The reconstruction procedure involves three steps: (1) Estimating the sound speed map using a transmission tomography algorithm. This estimation procedure provides a numerical phantom of the organ probed, cleared of all dissipative components. This absorption free phantom mimics the (viscoacoustic) tissues imaged except for the density and absorption characteristics: the density a priori equals 1000 kg/m3 and the absorption is not taken into account. The impedance fluctuations in the object are therefore approximated on the basis of the sound speed contrast. (2) Synthesing the field scattered by the absorption free phantom; the attenuation observed here results solely from the scattering phenomenon. The synthesis is carried out using a finite-element time domain code simulating the ultrasonic propagation through the phantom. It provides the scattering distortion reference introduced into the log spectral absorption estimator. (3) Reducing the scattering distortions affecting the integrated absorption measured along the ray paths using a log spectral procedure. The corrected integrated absorption is then processed using a tomographic reconstruction procedure that provides an estimate of the absorption distribution. Simple numerical simulations show the improvement obtained in the absorption estimates with this approach.
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Charles, Heimsath. "Small-Area Population Estimation in Absorption Analysis." Journal of Real Estate Research 6, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1991.12090655.

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Heino, Jenni, and Erkki Somersalo. "Estimation of optical absorption in anisotropic background." Inverse Problems 18, no. 3 (April 8, 2002): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/18/3/304.

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Heaney, Robert P., Mary Susan Dowell, and Randi L. Wolf. "Estimation of True Calcium Absorption in Men." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.5.786.

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Mobasheri, Mohammad Reza, Meisam Amani, Mahin Beikpour, and Sahel Mahdavi. "Soil moisture content estimation using water absorption bands." Geomatica 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2018-0020.

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Soil moisture content (SMC) is a crucial component in various environmental studies. Although many models have been proposed for SMC estimation, developing new models for accurate estimation of SMC is still an interesting subject. This study aimed to develop new models for SMC estimation using the water absorption bands in the spectral signatures of three different soil types: loam, silty loam, and sandy loam. Based on the three absorption bands (i.e., 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm) and regression analyses, six approaches were considered. These scenarios were generally based on the reflectance value and its logarithm, as well as the difference between the wet and dry reflectance values for the absorption bands. Finally, 24 models were developed for SMC estimation from the three different soil types, as well as the entire soil samples. The most accurate SMC, as indicated by the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) and the highest correlation coefficient (r), was obtained from the model developed using the logarithm of the average values reflectance in the three water absorption bands for sandy loam (RMSE = 0.31 g/kg, r = 0.99). Overall, using the spectrometry data derived in the lab, the results of the proposed models were promising and demonstrate great potential for SMC estimation using spectral data collected by satellites in the future studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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Zhang, Changjun. "Seismic absorption estimation and compensation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2820.

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As seismic waves travel through the earth, the visco-elasticity of the earth's medium will cause energy dissipation and waveform distortion. This phenomenon is referred to as seismic absorption or attenuation. The absorptive property of a medium can be described by a quality factor Q, which determines the energy decay and a velocity dispersion relationship. Four new ideas have been developed in this thesis to deal with the estimation and application of seismic absorption. By assuming that the amplitude spectrum of a seismic wavelet may be modeled by that of a Ricker wavelet, an analytical relation has been derived to estimate a quality factor from the seismic data peak frequency variation with time. This relation plays a central role in quality factor estimation problems. To estimate interval Q for reservoir description, a method called reflectivity guided seismic attenuation analysis is proposed. This method first estimates peak frequencies at a common midpoint location, then correlates the peak frequency with sparsely-distributed reflectivities, and finally calculates Q values from the peak frequencies at the reflectivity locations. The peak frequency is estimated from the prestack CMP gather using peak frequency variation with offset analysis which is similar to amplitude variation with offset analysis in implementation. The estimated Q section has the same layer boundaries of the acoustic impedance or other layer properties. Therefore, the seismic attenuation property obtained with the guide of reflectivity is easy to interpret for the purpose of reservoir description. To overcome the instability problem of conventional inverse Q filtering, Q compensation is formulated as a least-squares (LS) inverse problem based on statistical theory. The matrix of forward modeling is composed of time-variant wavelets. The LS de-absorption is solved by an iterative non-parametric approach. To compensate for absorption in migrated seismic sections, a refocusing technique is developed using non-stationary multi-dimensional deconvolution. A numerical method is introduced to calculate the blurring function in layered media, and a least squares inverse scheme is used to remove the blurring effect in order to refocus the migrated image. This refocusing process can be used as an alternative to regular migration with absorption compensation.
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Karlsson, Hanna, Ingemar Fredriksson, Marcus Larsson, and Tomas Strömberg. "Inverse Monte Carlo for estimation of scattering and absorption in liquid optical phantoms." Linköpings universitet, Biomedicinsk instrumentteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78815.

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A spectroscopic probe with multiple detecting fibers was used for quantifying absorption and scattering in liquid optical phantoms. The phantoms were mixtures of Intralipid and red and blue food dyes. Intensity calibration for the detecting fibers was undertaken using either a microsphere suspension (absolute calibration) or a uniform detector illumination (relative calibration between detectors). Two different scattering phase functions were used in an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm. Data were evaluated for residual spectra (systematic deviations and magnitude) and accuracy in estimation of scattering and absorption. Spectral fitting was improved by allowing for a 10% intensity relaxation in the optimization algorithm. For a multi-detector setup, non-systematic residual spectrum was only found using the more complex Gegenbauer-kernel phase function. However, the choice of phase function did not influence the accuracy in the estimation of absorption and scattering. Similar estimation accuracy as in the multi-detector setup was also obtained using either two relative calibrated detectors or one absolute calibrated detector at a fiber separation of 0.46 mm.

Funding Agencies|VINNOVA||Perimed AB|2008-00149|ResearchGrow program|2011-03074|European Union||Linkoping University through the Center for Excellence NIMED-CBDP (Center for Biomedical Data Processing)||

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Layfield, Andrew. "An evaluation of selected estimation methods for the processing of differential absorption lidar data." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16436.

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This work examines the application of selected estimation methods to path integrated direct detection CO2 lidar data, with the objective of improving the precision in the estimates of the log power, and log power ratios. Particular emphasis is given to the optimal estimation techniques of Kalman filtering theory, and to the consequent requirements for system and measurement model identification. A dual wavelength system was designed and constructed, employing two hybridised TEA lasers, a co-axial transceiver, and direct detection. Over a period of several months, a database of differential absorption measurements was accumulated, each consisting of 10,000 dual wavelength lidar returns. Various wavelength pairs were used, including those recommended for the monitoring of H2O, CO2, NH3 and C2H4. A subset of this database is used to evaluate the above mentioned estimation methods. The results are compared with simulated data files in which it was possible to control precisely process models which are believed to form an approximation to the real processes latent in the actual lidar data.
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Fox-Neff, Kristen. "Inverse Methods in Parameter Estimation for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459155373.

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Martínez, Maradiaga David Estéfano. "Modelling and data validation for the energy analysis of absorption refrigeration systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128508.

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Data validation and reconciliation techniques have been extensively used in the process industry to improve the data accuracy. These techniques exploit the redundancy in the measurements in order to obtain a set of adjusted measurements that satisfy the plant model. Nevertheless, not many applications deal with closed cycles with complex connectivity and recycle loops, as in absorption refrigeration cycles. This thesis proposes a methodology for the steady-state data validation of absorption refrigeration systems. This methodology includes the identification of steady-state, resolution of the data reconciliation and parameter estimation problems and the detection and elimination of gross errors. The methodology developed through this thesis will be useful for generating a set of coherent measurements and operation parameters of an absorption chiller for downstream applications: performance calculation, development of empirical models, optimisation, etc. The methodology is demonstrated using experimental data of different types of absorption refrigeration systems with different levels of redundancy.
Los procedimientos de validación y reconciliación de datos se han utilizado en la industria de procesos para mejorar la precisión de los datos. Estos procedimientos aprovechan la redundancia enlas mediciones para obtener un conjunto de datos ajustados que satisfacen el modelo de la planta. Sin embargo, no hay muchas aplicaciones que traten con ciclos cerrados, y configuraciones complejas, como los ciclos de refrigeración por absorción. Esta tesis propone una metodología para la validación de datos en estado estacionario de enfriadoras de absorción. Estametodología incluye la identificación del estado estacionario, la resolución de los problemas de reconciliación de datos y estimación de parámetrosy la detección de errores sistemáticos. Esta metodología será útil para generar un conjunto de medidas coherentes para aplicaciones como: cálculo de prestaciones, desarrollo de modelos empíricos, optimización, etc. La metodología es demostrada utilizando datos experimentales de diferentes enfriadoras de absorción, con diferentes niveles de redundancia.
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Johansson, Johannes, and Karin Wårdell. "Intracerebral quantitative chromophore estimation from reflectance spectra captured during deep brain stimulation implantation." Linköpings universitet, Biomedicinsk instrumentteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81381.

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Quantification of blood fraction (fblood), blood oxygenation (S), melanin, lipofuscin and oxidised and reduced Cytochrome aa 3 and c was done from diffuse reflectance spectra captured in cortex, white matter, globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamus during stereotactic implantations of 29 deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes with the aim of investigating whether the chromophores can give physiological information about the targets for DBS. Double-sided Mann-Whitney U -tests showed more lipofuscin in GPi compared to white matter and subthalamus (p < 0.05). Compared to the other structures, fbloodwas significantly higher in cortex (p < 0.05) and S lower in GPi (p < 0.05). Median values and range for fblood were 1.0 [0.2–6.0]% in the cortex, 0.3 [0.1–8.2]% in white matter, 0.2 [0.1–0.8]% in the GPi and 0.2 [0.1–11.7]% in the subthalamus. Corresponding values for S was 20 [0–81]% in the cortex, 29 [0–78]% in white matter, 0 [0–0]% in the GPi and 0 [0–92]% in the subthalamus. In conclusion, the measurements indicate very low oxygenation and blood volume for DBS patients, especially in the GPi. It would be of great interest to investigate whether this is due to the disease, the normal situation or an artefact of doing invasive measurements.
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Braddy, April C. "Increased-throughput screening of potential drug candidates for permeation across membranes and estimation of central nervous system bioavailability." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008420.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 167 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zhang, Yunjiang. "Estimation multi-annuelle des sources d’aérosols organiques et de leurs propriétés d’absorption de la lumière en région Parisienne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV013.

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Les aérosols carbonés, qui incluent les aérosols organiques (AO) et le carbone suie (BC), jouent un rôle majeur sur la qualité de l’air et sur le climat. Il est donc primordial de pouvoir quantifier leurs sources, ainsi que celles de leurs précurseurs gazeux, pour la mise en œuvre de plans d’action appropriés. Les études de tendance sur la composition chimique de l’atmosphère sont également nécessaires afin d’améliorer les connaissances de l’impact des particules sur le réchauffement climatique, actuel et à venir. Ce travail de thèse a permis d’exploiter les mesures automatiques et in situ des aérosols carbonés réalisées au SIRTA (Site de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique) depuis plus de 6 ans. Cet observatoire appartient au programme européen ACTRIS (infrastructure de recherche européenne sur les aérosols, nuages, et espèces gazeuses réactives). Il est situé à 25 km au sud-ouest de Paris et est représentatif de la pollution de fond en région Ile de France. Les principales sources d’AO ont été discriminées à l’aide de l’outil Positive Matrix Factorization appliqué aux données issus d’un Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). Les propriétés d’absorption de la lumière de BC et du brown carbon (BrC) ont été mesurées à l’aide d’un aethalomètre multi-longueurs d’onde. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus indiquent des cycles saisonniers, hebdomadaires et journaliers spécifiques aux différentes fractions des aérosols primaires et secondaires. Ils ont confirmé que l’AO primaire (AOP), provenant essentiellement de la combustion de biomasse et du transport routier, est prépondérant sur la période froide (de novembre à février), alors que le reste de l’année est dominé par des aérosols organiques oxygénés. Parmi ces derniers, une fraction moins oxydée, provenant probablement de façon majeure de précurseurs biogéniques, est prépondérante en été (60% de l’AO en moyenne estivale). Les études de tendance ont montré une légère diminution des concentrations (de l’ordre de 0.05-0.20 µg/m3 par an) de toutes les fractions d’AO identifiées au cours de la période étudiée, hormis pour cette fraction d’AO moins oxydée qui ne présente pas de tendance significative. Concernant les propriétés optiques, une contribution moyenne globalement équivalente à celle de BC a été observée pour le BrC dans le proche ultraviolet en hiver. Par ailleurs, il a été mis en évidence une augmentation significative des propriétés d’absorption du BC liée à des interactions avec les aérosols secondaires en mélange interne, en particulier en été (avec une valeur moyenne de 1.6 pour le paramètre Eabs). La fraction organique la plus oxydée a pu être identifiée comme principale responsable de ce phénomène, faisant des aérosols organiques secondaires l’une des fractions des particules les plus importants à considérer par les modèles climatiques
Carbonaceous aerosols, including organic aerosols (OA) and black carbon (BC), are playing important roles on air quality and climate change. Therefore, quantifying contribution of their emission sources, as well as the sources of their gaseous precursors, is needed to implement efficient mitigation measures. Investigating trends in atmospheric composition is also essential to a better knowledge of present and future impacts of airborne particles on global warming. This work aimed at investigating on-line and in situ carbonaceous aerosol measurements performed for more than 6 years at the SIRTA facility (Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique). This observatory platform is part of the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, Trace gases Research InfraStructure). It is located 25 km southwest of Paris city center and is representative of background air quality in the Ile de France region. The main sources of submicron OA were discriminated through Positive Matrix Factorization applied to Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) data. Light absorption properties of BC and brown carbon (BrC) were obtained from multi-wavelength Aethalometer measurements. Converging results illustrated well-marked seasonal, weekly, and diel cycles of the various primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosol fractions. Primary OA (POA), mainly from wood burning and traffic emissions, were confirmed to dominate submicron OA concentrations during the coldest months (November to February), while Oxygenated OA (OOA) were shown as the major contributors during the rest of the year. Less Oxidized OOA (LO-OOA), possibly with predominant biogenic origins, were found to contribute up to about 60% of total submicron OA on average in summer. Trend analyses indicated slight decreasing features (in the range of 0.05-0.20 µg m-3 yr-1) for every OA fractions over the 6+-year investigated period, except for this LO-OOA factor which showed no significant trend. Regarding absorption properties, BrC - with overwhelming biomass burning origin - was found to have equivalent light absorption impact than BC at near-ultraviolet wavelengths during the winter season. In summer, a mean value of 1.6 was obtained for BC absorption enhancement (Eabs) due to secondary aerosol lensing effect, supporting possible higher BC-related radiative impact than currently expected. Last but not least, More Oxidized OOA (MO-OOA) were shown as the main agent for this Eabs and then appeared as one of the most critical aerosol fraction to be considered within near-future climate models
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Hay, Timothy Deane. "MAX-DOAS measurements of bromine explosion events in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5394.

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Reactive halogen species (RHS) are responsible for ozone depletion and oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury and dimethyl sulphide in the polar boundary layer, but the sources and mechanisms controlling their catalytic reaction cycles are still not completely understood. To further investigate these processes, ground– based Multi–Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations of boundary layer BrO and IO were made from a portable instrument platform in McMurdo Sound during the Antarctic spring of 2006 and 2007. Measurements of surface ozone, temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction were also made, along with fourteen tethersonde soundings and the collection of snow samples for mercury analysis. A spherical multiple scattering Monte Carlo radiative transfer model (RTM) was developed for the simulation of box-air-mass-factors (box-AMFs), which are used to determine the weighting functions and forward model differential slant column densities (DSCDs) required for optimal estimation. The RTM employed the backward adjoint simulation technique for the fast calculation of box-AMFs for specific solar zenith angles (SZA) and MAX-DOAS measurement geometries. Rayleigh and Henyey-Greenstein scattering, ground topography and reflection, refraction, and molecular absorption by multiple species were included. Radiance and box-AMF simulations for MAX-DOAS measurements were compared with nine other RTMs and showed good agreement. A maximum a posteriori (MAP) optimal estimation algorithm was developed to retrieve trace gas concentration profiles from the DSCDs derived from the DOAS analysis of the measured absorption spectra. The retrieval algorithm was validated by performing an inversion of artificial DSCDs, simulated from known NO2 profiles. Profiles with a maximum concentration near the ground were generally well reproduced, but the retrieval of elevated layers was less accurate. Retrieved partial vertical column densities (VCDs) were similar to the known values, and investigation of the averaging kernels indicated that these were the most reliable retrieval product. NO₂ profiles were also retrieved from measurements made at an NO₂ measurement and profiling intercomparison campaign in Cabauw, Netherlands in July 2009. Boundary layer BrO was observed on several days throughout both measurement periods in McMurdo Sound, with a maximum retrieved surface mixing ratio of 14.4±0.3 ppt. The median partial VCDs up to 3km were 9.7±0.07 x 10¹² molec cm ⁻ in 2007, with a maximum of 2.3±0.07 x 10¹³ molec cm⁻², and 7.4±0.06 x 10¹² molec cm⁻² in 2006, with a maximum of 1.05 ± 0.07 x 1013 molec cm⁻². The median mixing ratio of 7.5±0.5 ppt for 2007 was significantly higher than the median of 5.2±0.5 ppt observed in 2006, which may be related to the more extensive first year sea ice in 2007. These values are consistent with, though lower than estimated boundary layer BrO concentrations at other polar coastal sites. Four out of five observed partial ozone depletion events (ODEs) occurred during strong winds and blowing snow, while BrO was present in the boundary layer in both stormy and calm conditions, consistent with the activation of RHS in these two weather extremes. Air mass back trajectories, modelled using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, indicated that the events were locally produced rather than transported from other sea ice zones. Boundary layer IO mixing ratios of 0.5–2.5±0.2 ppt were observed on several days. These values are low compared to measurements at Halley and Neumayer Stations, as well as mid-latitudes. Significantly higher total mercury concentrations observed in 2007 may be related to the higher boundary layer BrO concentrations, but further measurements are required to verify this.
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Morettini, Micaela. "Mathematical model of standard oral glucose tolerance test for characterization of insulin potentiation in health." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241987.

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In questo lavoro di tesi vengono proposte due diverse formulazioni (INT_M1 e INT_M2) di un nuovo modello integrato per la descrizione delle risposte del sistema di regolazione glucosio-insulina alla somministrazione orale di glucosio (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT). INT_M1 e INT_M2 si differenziano per la descrizione dell’assorbimento gastrointestinale adottata: un modello ad un compartimento ed una funzione empirica per il primo ed un modello a tre compartimenti non lineare per il secondo. L’implementazione del modello in ambiente Matlab, all’interno di una nuova procedura di stima parametrica a due passi, ha permesso l’ottimizzazione di parametri caratteristici dell’assorbimento gastro-intestinale e della cinetica del glucosio, dell’insulina e dell’incretina. Il comportamento del modello è stato testato mediante best-fit di dati medi, presi dalla letteratura, delle concentrazioni plasmatiche di glucosio, insulina, di GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polipeptide) e GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) misurati in due gruppi di soggetti sani (HC-1 e HC-2) sottoposti ad un protocollo OGTT standard e, successivamente, ad un protocollo endovenoso caratterizzato dalla somministrazione di un eguale andamento temporale del glucosio (isoglycemic intravenous glucose, I-IVG, infusion). I due modelli sono stati confrontati per quanto riguarda la capacità di riprodurre il potenziamento dell’insulina indotto dall’incretina ovvero l’aumentata risposta insulinica che si osserva a seguito di un OGTT paragonata a quella dell’I-IVG. Nell’ipotesi di un’azione additiva del GIP e del GLP-1 sul potenziamento dell’insulina, i risultati hanno mostrato una sostanziale equivalenza dei due modelli nel riprodurre i dati. Inoltre, i parametri stimati sembrano essere buoni indicatori delle differenze osservate nei due gruppi di soggetti sani. Infine la procedura di stima messa a punto apre la strada a future applicazioni mirate all’individualizzazione dell’effetto incretina.
Two new formulations, respectively denominated INT_M1 and INT_M2, of an integrated mathematical model to describe the glycemic and insulinemic responses to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are proposed and compared. The INT_M1 assumes a single compartment for the intestine and the derivative of a power exponential function for monophasic representation of gastric emptying rate profile. In the INT_M2, a nonlinear three-compartment system model is adopted to produce a more realistic, multiphase gastric emptying rate. Both models were implemented in a Matlab-based, two-step procedure for estimation of seven adjustable coefficients characterizing the gastric emptying rate and the incretin, insulin and glucose kinetics. Model behaviour was tested vs. data of mean plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucose and insulin concentrations provided by two different laboratories, where glycemic profiles observed during a 75 g OGTT were matched in healthy subjects (HC1- and HC2-group, respectively) by means of an isoglycemic intravenous glucose (I-IVG) infusion. Under the hypothesis of an additive effect of GLP-1 and GIP on insulin potentiation, our results demonstrated a substantial equivalence of the two models in matching the data. Model parameter estimates showed to be suitable markers of differences observed in the OGTT and matched I-IVG responses from the HC1-group compared to the HC2-group. Model implementation in our two-step parameter estimation procedure enhances the possibility of a prospective application for individualization of the incretin effect in a single subject, when his/her data are plugged in.
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Books on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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de, Waterbeemd Han van, Lennernäs Hans, and Artursson Per, eds. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption, and bioavailability. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Testa, Bernard, and Han van de Waterbeemd. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption and bioavailability. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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name, No. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption and bioavailability. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Folkers, Gerd, Raimund Mannhold, Han Van De Waterbeemd, Hugo Kubinyi, and Per Artursson. Drug Bioavailability: Estimation of Solubility, Permeability, Absorption and Bioavailability. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2006.

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Folkers, Gerd, Raimund Mannhold, Han Van De Waterbeemd, Hugo Kubinyi, and Per Artursson. Drug Bioavailability: Estimation of Solubility, Permeability, Absorption and Bioavailability. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2004.

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Testa, Bernard, Gerd Folkers, Han van de Waterbeemd, Raimund Mannhold, and Hugo Kubinyi. Drug Bioavailability: Estimation of Solubility, Permeability, Absorption and Bioavailability. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Al-Shaikh, Passant. Direct, sensitive estimation of comparative, linear absorption rates: Assessment of bioequivalence. 1995.

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Direct, sensitive estimation of comparative, linear absorption rates: Assessment of bioequivalence. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Han van de Waterbeemd (Editor), Hans Lennernäs (Editor), Per Artursson (Editor), Raimund Mannhold (Series Editor), Hugo Kubinyi (Series Editor), and Gerd Folkers (Series Editor), eds. Drug Bioavailability: Estimation of Solubility, Permeability, Absorption and Bioavailability (Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry). Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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Cox, Steven J. "Designing for Optimal Energy Absorption II, The Damped Wave Equation." In Control and Estimation of Distributed Parameter Systems, 103–9. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8849-3_8.

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Toscano, Andrés David Rodríguez, Diego Alfonso Arias Torres, Doyreg Maldonado Pérez, Aurora Patricia Piñeres Castillo, Julio César Mojica Herazo, and Moisés Hinojosa Rivera. "Estimation and Trends of the Absorption Refrigeration Global Market." In Marketing and Smart Technologies, 633–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4183-8_50.

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Wester, Ronald C., James McMaster, Daniel A. W. Bucks, Eugene M. Bellet, and Howard I. Maibach. "Percutaneous Absorption in Rhesus Monkeys and Estimation of Human Chemical Exposure." In Biological Monitoring for Pesticide Exposure, 152–57. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0382.ch012.

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Eargle, John M. "Estimation of Total Absorption When Room Volume and Reverberation Time are Known." In Electroacoustical Reference Data, 52–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2027-6_26.

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Trajanoski, Z., P. Wach, P. Kotanko, and F. Skrabal. "Subcutaneous insulin absorption model for parameter estimation from time-course of plasma insulin." In System Modelling and Optimization, 412–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035490.

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Tanaka, Masayuki, Teruyuki Nakajima, and Tadahiro Hayasaka. "Estimation of the Aerosol Absorption Index from Spectral Measurements of the Solar Radiation Flux." In Atmospheric Radiation, 584–88. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_85.

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Hansen, Ch, E. Werner, P. Roth, and J. P. Kaltwasser. "ESTIMATION OF TRACE ELEMENT iiiOAVA I LABILITY : INTESTINAL ABSORPTION FROM IRON ENRICHED DIETETIC FOODS." In Proceedings of the 4. International Workshop, Neuherberg, F. R. G., April 1986, edited by Peter Brätter, 121–26. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111692449-008.

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Ugalde, Arantza, Luis G. Pujades, José Antonio Canas, and Antonio Villaseñor. "Estimation of the Intrinsic Absorption and Scattering Attenuation in Northeastern Venezuela (Southeastern Caribbean) Using Coda Waves." In Q of the Earth: Global, Regional, and Laboratory Studies, 685–702. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8711-3_21.

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Arai, Kohei. "Method for Estimation of Multiple Reflection, Scattering and Absorption in Mountainous Areas of Remote Sensing Satellite Data." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 925–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32523-7_68.

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Moss, Gary P., Darren R. Gullick, and Simon C. Wilkinson. "Algorithms for Estimating Permeability Across Artificial Membranes." In Predictive Methods in Percutaneous Absorption, 91–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47371-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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Vesnaver, A. L., and E. Poggiagliolmi. "Anelastic Absorption Estimation by Instantaneous Frequency." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413063.

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Biele, Jake, Joshua W. Silverstone, Jonathan C. F. Matthews, and Euan J. Allen. "Quantum Absorption Estimation for Saturable Samples." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jw1a.139.

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Belsley, Alexandre, Euan J. Allen, Animesh Datta, and Jonathan C. F. Matthews. "Quantum-limited absorption estimation with ring resonators." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2022.stu4g.1.

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Wei, Xin, Yousheng Yan, Zengkui Xu, and Mingli Yi. "3C‐VSP imaging and absorption coefficient estimation." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2148273.

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McCormick, N. J., and Z. Tao. "Algorithms for bioluminescence estimation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thff3.

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Two algorithms are compared for estimating the spatial dependence of bioluminescence using in situ measurements of the irradiance and scalar irradiance. The conservation algorithm is based on the conservation principle of radiative transfer, but it requires a separate estimation of the difficult-to-measure absorption coefficient; the two-stream algorithm incorporates additional equations to estimate the absorption coefficient and the albedo of single scattering. The algorithms have been numerically tested with fluctuations in measurements simulated with a random sampling approach. The effectiveness of the algorithms depends upon the strength of the bioluminescent source compared to the background seasurface illumination and other factors.
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Jawad, O., D. Lautru, J. M. Dricot, F. Horlin, A. Benlarbi-Delai, and P. De Doncker. "Estimation of specific absorption rate with kriging method." In 2013 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2013.6715335.

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Kyewalyanga, Margareth N., Trevor Platt, and Shubha Sathyendranath. "Photosynthetic action spectrum: estimation from phytoplankton absorption spectrum." In Ocean Optics XIII, edited by Steven G. Ackleson and Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266457.

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Petrovska, Galyna A., Igor V. Demkovych, Yaroslav V. Bobitski, Mary M. Togan, and Ruslana I. Pashkevych. "Overall technique for estimation of optical material absorption coefficients." In International Conference on Optoelectronic Information Technologies, edited by Sergey V. Svechnikov, Volodymyr P. Kojemiako, and Sergey A. Kostyukevych. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.429775.

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Suchorab, Zbigniew, Dariusz Majerek, Przemysław Brzyski, Henryk Sobczuk, and Andrzej Raczkowski. "Estimation of water absorption coefficient using the TDR method." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994518.

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Kalashnikova, V. V., and R. Øverås. "Seismic Absorption Estimation for Reservoir Prediction Using Prony Decomposition." In 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801369.

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Reports on the topic "Absorption estimation"

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Dickens, Brian, and Eric Byrd. Programs to Estimate UV Dosage and Damage. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7500.

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The system of programs described in this paper is concerned with estimating the damage ensuing from exposure of specimens in dry and humid atmospheres to UV and visible radiation covering the solar range. Damage is monitored quantitatively by changes in IR spectra. The dose is estimated from UV spectra of the lamps and the interference filters (used to isolate a particular wavelength range). The dosage is estimated from the dose and the UV absorption of the specimens themselves. These programs allow rapid estimation of dosage and damage from regions of data, and manipulation and processing of the massive amounts of data required to carry out such comprehensive tests in a complete yet user-friendly manner.
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