Dissertations / Theses: 'Absorption du CO2'

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Kouneli, Athina. "CO2 absorption in power plants : Emphasizing on CO2 absorption in biphasic solvent." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21842.

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Carbon dioxide, the famous and vital to life gas, is also an important greenhouse gas. Since the combustion of fuels leads to the production of carbon dioxide it had to be expected that since the industrial revolution the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was to be rapidly increased. When the consequences and the causes of the greenhouse effect were understood, serious efforts were made by the global community to reduce the greenhouse gases production and CO2 among them. The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, commits State Parties, also EU among them, to reduce the greenhouse gases by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets. The first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012 and had as goal an average 5% reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, whereas during the second commitment period (2013-2020) the parties committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least 18% below the 1990 levels. Greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-28 in 2013 stood at 4611 million tones of CO2 and the fuel combustion and the fugitive emissions were responsible for the 57.2% of the carbon dioxide production. The electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply activities account for the 26.6% of the emissions. Therefore it can be easily understood that the power plants is an important sector in CO2 production and therefore their carbon dioxide emissions need to be reduced. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) process is one of the available solutions to reduce the greenhouse gases. With CCS it is possible to capture the CO2 waste from large point sources and to transport it and deposit to a storage site, usually to a geological formation. This way the carbon dioxide can be prevented from getting released into the atmosphere. Within the framework of this thesis only the capture process of this method is to be examined. More specifically this thesis project involves research over a mature technology for CO2 capture, able to be adapted at plants exhaust gases. This technology is carbon dioxide absorption. The research on CO2 absorption today appears to focus mostly on power plants gases as the gases production of power plants are increased in comparison to other plants. It is indicated that using the classic solvents - amines for the CO2 absorption system results to a significant amount of energy consumption for the solvents regeneration. The purpose of this thesis is to search over the biphasic solvents as an alternative option to amines for the CO2 capture system and state the pros and cons mainly from the energy aspect. It is expected that the biphasic solvents contribute to energy reduction of the system as the solvents are separated into two phases after the absorption, giving the capability to remove the water phase from the absorption column and as a result use less energy in the regeneration column.

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Sjöstrand, Filip, and Reza Yazdi. "Absorption of CO2 : - by Ammonia." Thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för teknik och design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5256.

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In this diploma work, the absorption of CO2 in different liquid solutions was studied by gas absorption in a randomly packed column. To characterize the absorption a few experiments with SO2 absorption were made.The report has resulted due to the large amounts of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, mainly from fossil-fired power plants. To reduce these emissions, carbon dioxide can be separated from flue gas by different techniques such as CO2 absorption with ammonia. The work consists of a theoretical and a laboratory part of measurements and calculations. In the experimental part a system of absorption and associated test equipment was constructed. Different liquid solutions of pure water, potassium carbonate solution and ammonia in various concentrations were used to catch carbon dioxide by countercurrent absorption. Also SO2 was absorbed in the potassium carbonate solution to determine the gas film constant. The absorption efficiency of CO2 ranged from a few percent in the experiment with water to up to 7% with potassium carbonate solution. The CO2 absorption of ammonia varied with concentration and gave a separation of between 12 and 94%. Ammonia tests were made at both 10 and 20 °C. In general, a higher CO2-capture at 20 °C was obtained as confirmed by theory.
I detta examensarbete har absorptionseffektivitet av CO2 hos olika vätskelösningar undersökts genom gasabsorption i en slumpmässigt packad kolonn. För att karakterisera absorptionen absorberades även SO2 i några experiment. Rapporten är utförd med anledning av de stora mängder koldioxid som släpps ut i atmosfären, främst från fossileldade kraftverk. För att minska dessa utsläpp kan koldioxiden avskiljas från rökgaserna genom olika tekniker t.ex. genom CO2-absorption med ammoniak. Arbetet består av en teoridel och en laborativ del med mätningar och beräkningar. I den experimentella delen konstruerades ett system med en absorptionskolonn och tillhörande mätutrustning. Olika vätskelösningar bestående av rent vatten, kaliumkarbonatlösning och ammoniak i olika koncentrationer användes till att ta upp koldioxid genom motströms absorption. Även SO2 absorberades i kaliumkarbonatlösning för att bestämma gasfilmkonstanten. Absorptionsgraden av CO2 varierade från några få procent i försöket med vatten upp till 7 % med kaliumkarbonatlösningen. CO2-absorptionen av ammoniak varierade med koncentrationen och gav en avskiljning på mellan 12 och 94 %. Ammoniakförsöken gjordes med både vid 10 och 20 °C. Generellt erhölls en bättre CO2-avskiljning vid 20°C, vilket bekräftas av teorin.

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Joakim, Gustavsson, and Lager Niclas. "Absorption av CO2 i ammoniaklösning." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211844.

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I detta arbete studeras absorption av växthusgasen koldioxid (CO2) i ammoniaklösning. Målet med arbetet är att undersöka hur väl teknik med vegetabilisk olja kan förhindra avdunstning av ammoniaklösning vid absorptionen och på så vis främja grön kemi. En jämförelse görs sedan med en mer beprövad teknik med nedkylning. Därefter undersöks vilka salter som fälls ut vid absorptionen vid de båda teknikerna samt olika koncentration ammoniak (NH3). Genom att blanda ammoniak, etanol (C2H5OH) och vatten (H2O) i olika förhållanden i ett absorptionstorn erhölls den absorberande lösningen. CO2 i gasform fördes sedan in i reaktorn. I genomförda experiment gav teknik med vegetabiliskt oljemembran samma eller lägre materialförlust av ammoniaklösning som teknik med nedkylning. Högre halt av etanol innebar sänkt löslighet av ammoniumsalter vilket gav större utfällning av salter i utförda experiment. Detta kan observeras genom att jämföra kristallvikten i utförda experiment. Kristallerna analyserades med röntgendiffraktion (XRD). Salterna kunde identifieras genomatt jämföra erhållet resultat med standardprov från litteratur. Dock fanns avvikelser mellanresultatet och standardprov, vilket gjorde analysen svårtolkad.

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Constantinou, A. "CO2 absorption in microstructured membrane reactors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348316/.

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The objective of this work is to study experimentally and theoretically novel multiphase microreactors and characterize them in relation to hydrodynamics and mass transfer, in order to evaluate, understand and improve their performance. In order to achieve this CO2 absorption in sodium hydroxide and amine solutions an example of a fast gas-liquid reaction has been investigated in a single microstructured metallic mesh reactor, CRL reactor, PTFE single channel membrane reactor and the silicon nitride mesh reactor. CO2 absorption in sodium hydroxide solution was initially studied experimentally and theoretically in a metal microstructured mesh reactor. The differential mass balances to describe the concentration profiles of components in the three domains (gas/membrane/liquid), were solved with Comsol Multiphysics (modeling software for finite element analysis of partial differential equations). The model indicated that the carbon dioxide is consumed within few microns from the gas – liquid interface, and the dominant resistance for mass transfer is located in the mesh because it is wetted by the liquid reactant. In order to overcome the limitation of the extra resistance to the mass transfer in the metallic mesh, PTFE membranes were used in the single channel reactor, which are considered as hydrophobic to aqueous solutions of NaOH and amines. Monoethanolamine solution (MEA) absorbed more CO2 than diethanolamine (DEA) since the reaction rate constant for MEA is higher than DEA. 8 channel (PTFE) microreactor showed much higher CO2 removal efficiency than the metallic mesh microreactor. Furthermore the model indicated partial-wetting of the PTFE membrane when NaOH solution was used as an absorbent. In order to enhance mass transfer staggered herringbones were used on the floor of the liquid side of the single channel PTFE microreactor. No enhancement of mass transfer was observed with the use of staggered herringbones. A possible reason for that is that a limit for the fast second-order reaction is reached for enhancement and that the apparent reaction rate is independent from mass transfer for our case, or that the herringbones are far away from the reaction zone and cannot create the appropriate stirring for enhancement. In order to increase throughput, carbon dioxide absorption in sodium hydroxide solution was performed in the metallic mesh ‘scale-out’ reactor (with 4 meshes). CO2 removal efficiency for the ‘scale-out’ reactor was significantly lower than the single mesh reactor, which is probably due to breakthrough of liquid in the gas phase (stagnant liquid) or uneven flow distribution in each plate of the ‘scale-out’ reactor. Finally a silicon nitride mesh reactor developed by Bayer Technology Services and FluXXion was used for CO2 absorption in aqueous solutions of NaOH and DEA. The silicon nitride mesh reactor showed better performance than the PTFE single channel reactor, the metallic 8 channel reactor and the CRL mesh reactor when NaOH was used, due to the very thin membrane of 1 μm thickness, which makes the resistance to mass transfer very small.

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Zoannou, Kali-Stella. "Aspects of degradation of monoethanolamine solutions during Co2 absorption." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/18346/.

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The most common technique for carbon dioxide removal from gaseous streams is amine scrubbing, a proven technology in the oil and gas industries. The use of this route in coal fired power plants is not fully understood and the likelihood of solvent degradation is high. Decreased absorption efficiency, undesirable byproducts, the environmental impact of their disposal and increased process costs are the main consequences. In this study, two experimental rigs were designed and commissioned to explore the effects of gas composition and temperature on monoethanolamine degradation. Analytical procedures to detect and quantify its major thermal and oxidative degradation products were also developed. It became apparent early on that solvent degradation, under actual plant conditions, is a slow phenomenon, thus, it was decided to focus on thermal degradation. The present study uniquely enabled the absorption/desorption behaviour of thermally degraded solvents to be evaluated. The major thermal degradation products were quantified. After 14 full absorption/stripping cycles at the presence of 16% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide, significant concentrations of nitrites and nitrates were detected in the samples. Thermal degradation at 160 oC for 8 weeks reduced monoethanolamine concentration by almost 95%, as evidenced by the chemical analysis, but the remaining solvent retained 22% of its capacity to remove carbon dioxide. Therefore, although not fully quantified, the requirement for monoethanolamine make-up may not be quite as serious as initially believed. There is some evidence to support that the rate of thermal degradation was enhanced as carbon dioxide loading increased and a 20% higher MEA loss was determined in the samples with the rich initial molar loading. A range of degradation products were quantified that correspond to those cited in the literature. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone was indicated as the most stable MEA degradation product in the degraded samples at concentrations of up to 17% v/v.

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Ohle, Andrea. "CO2-Abtrennung aus Gasströmen durch Absorption in Poly(methyldiglykol)amin." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-23497.

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In dieser Dissertation wird ein Prozess für die absorptive CO2-Abtrennung aus Gasströmen vorgestellt, der durch die Nutzung des neu entwickelten Waschmittels GenosorbN in einem Postcombustion-Prozess einen geringeren Energiebedarf als bisher bekannte Verfahren aufweist. Für die Nachrüstung bereits vorhandener Kraftwerke ist der Postcombustion-Prozess vorteilhaft, da er im Vergleich zum IGCC- oder dem Oxyfuel-Verfahren die geringsten Änderungen im Kraftwerksprozess selbst erfordert. Die bisher für die CO2-Abtrennung diskutierten Absorptionsmittel, wie z. B. MEA (Mono-Ethanol-Amin), haben allerdings vor allem in der Regeneration einen sehr hohen Energiebedarf, der vom Kraftwerk zusätzlich zur Verfügung gestellt werden muss. In Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik der TU Dresden und der Clariant GmbH wurde das Absorptionsmittel GenosorbN (chemische Bezeichnung: Poly(methyldiglykol)amin) entwickelt. GenosorbN weist als Hybrid-Waschmittel gegenüber CO2 sowohl physikalische als auch chemische Bindungseigenschaften auf. Ausgehend von der Löslichkeitscharakteristik dieses Absorptionsmittels für CO2 und wichtigen Stoffwerten (z. B. Wärmekapazität und Lösungswärme von CO2) wurden mit Hilfe eines umfangreichen Versuchsprogramms an einer Technikumsanlage Betriebsparameter für einen energetisch günstigen technischen Einsatz ermittelt. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass der Absorptionsprozess mit unverdünntem GenosorbN gegenüber einer MEA-Wäsche bei einem CO2-Abscheidegrad von ca. 90 % einen um ca. 20 - 27 % geringeren Energiebedarf in der Waschmittelregeneration aufweisen kann. Außerdem ist für die Desorption ein energetisch minderwertiger Heizdampf mit geringerem Temperatur- bzw. Druckniveau als bei dem MEA-Prozess ausreichend, da die Regenerationstemperatur um 40 - 50 K niedriger ist. Eine zusätzliche Druckabsenkung auf 400 mbar Absolutdruck im Desorber begünstigt die Regeneration deutlich
This dissertation presents a process for the absorptive CO2-separation from gas streams, which shows a lower energy requirement than established methods by using the newly developed absorption liquid GenosorbN in a postcombustion-process. To retrofit an already existing power plant, the postcombustion-process is advantageous, because it needs the least changes in the power plant-process itself compared to the IGCC- or the Oxyfuel-process. The absorbents discussed for the CO2-separation up to now, for example MEA (mono-ethanol-amine), cause a high energy requirement mainly in the solvent regeneration, which has to be provided additionally from the power plant. The solvent GenosorbN (chemical notation: poly(methyldiglycol)amine) was developed in cooperation between the Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Engineering of the Technical University of Dresden and the Clariant GmbH. GenosorbN is a hybrid-absorbent and therefore it shows both physical and chemical bonding forces. Based on the solvents characteristic of solubility for CO2 and important data on chemical media (for example heat capacity and enthalpy of solution) operating parameters for an energetic advantageous technical application were identified by a lot of test series at a pilot plant. The measurements show that the absorption process with the undiluted GenosorbN has a circa 20 - 27 % lower energy demand for the solvent regeneration compared to the MEA-process to reach a degree of separation of 90 %. Furthermore a low-value heating steam with lower temperature and therefore lower pressure level suffices because of the significant lower (40 - 50 K) regeneration temperature. An additional pressure reduction to 400 mbar absolute pressure in the regeneration column favours the solvent regeneration considerably

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Ystad, Paul Andreas Marchioro. "Power Plant with CO2 Capture based on Absorption : Integration Study." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11057.

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This thesis gives a detailed evaluation of the integration of power plants and post-combustion CO2 capture based on absorption. The study looks at natural gas combined cycles and pulverized coal power plants. Also the absorption process has been evaluated separately, aiming at reducing energy requirements in the capture process. In the first part of the thesis a theoretical part was given on fundamentals of CO2 capture by absorption, power generation, and process integration. Based on this theory, several case studies were defined for each of the three main processes. Simulation models were built accordingly and investigated. Simulation results from the capture process showed that there was a reboiler energy saving potential of 29% and 27% for NGCC and PC plant, respectively, when including vapor compression and absorption intercooling in the capture process. Another interesting observation made was reduced cooling duty in the overhead condenser of the stripper when applying vapor compression.Analysis of steam extraction from the NGCC plant showed it was possible to cover 1 MJ/kg CO2 directly from the HRSG. This steam can be provided directly from the LPB. For duties above 1 MJ/kg CO2 a secondary extraction point was required. In this study the IP/LP crossover was considered the most appropriate point to extract the remaining steam. The efficiency penalty when integrated with the different CO2 capture cases ranged from 7-8%, giving a net plant efficiency of 49.6-50.5%. At part load it was shown that the LPT should be throttled in order to secure constant pressure at the extraction point.For the PC plant the feedwater heat system showed potential in terms heat recovery in the return stream from the capture process. By integrating the return stream with FWH2, energy savings of 11.9% compared to the base case plant were found. Also it was found that the IP/LP crossover pressure should be set to 4.5 bar, since the IPT has the highest efficiency and therefore power production in this unit should be maximized. The final results for the PC plant efficiency range from 30-31.7% and the percentual efficiency penalty was 10-11.7% for the four capture case studies. As was the case for the NGCC plant, the LPT should be throttled when operating at part load.

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Leifsen, Henning. "Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Using Chemical Absorption : Minimizing Energy Requirement." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12865.

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Capture and storage from fossil fuel fired power plants is drawing increasing interest as a potential method for the control of greenhouse gas emissions. An optimization and technical parameter study for a CO2 capture process of the flue gas of a commercial gas power plant, based on absorption/desorption process with MEA solutions, using HYSYS with the Amine Property Package fluid package, has been performed. The optimization has aimed to reduce the energy requirement for solvent regeneration, by investigating the effects of circulation rate, cross-flow heat exchanger minimum approach, desorber operating pressure and the absorber diameter. In addition, an economic evaluation including investment cost has been performed for the first three parameters.Major energy savings can be realized by optimizing the desorber pressure and the solvent circulation rate. The circulation rate will have a clearly defined optimal point, while for the desorber pressure the temperature will be a limiting factor. A too high temperature may lead to amine degradation and corrosion problems. The cross-flow heat exchanger minimum temperature approach will not affect the energy consumption significantly. An optimum absorber column diameter was not found, but the column should be designed with a diameter large enough to prevent flooding through the column. A too large diameter will not favour the energy consumption very much, and other factors will be more decisive when the column diameter is chosen.

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Majeed, Hammad. "Reactive Absorption of CO2 in Single and Blended Amine Systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemisk prosessteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22792.

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Global warming scenario is pretty grim and is a well-known worldwide concern, most likely caused by increasing concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the earth?s atmosphere due to human activities. CO2 absorption in amine-based absorbents is an established and proven technology. Unfortunately, this process is still very energy intensive and has high capital costs. The main theme of this work is to characterize new generation solvents; kinetics of CO2 absorption in single and blended amine system is a part of this mission.Kinetics of CO2 in aqueous MAPA system with concentration of 1/2/3/4/5 M and aqueous blended system of MAPA+DEEA with variant concentrations were measured at a temperature range of 298.15-338.15 K. The kinetic experiments for both systems were performed in string of disc contactor. Results for rate constants were interpreted in terms of single step termolecular mechanism proposed by ?Crooks et al., 1989? for the reaction of CO2 with amine because of its less number of parameters.In addition to this work, the physical properties like density from 293.15-353.15 K and viscosity with in span of 293.15-333.15 K were also measured to determine the physio chemical parameters. The solubility of N2O in aqueous MAPA system and aqueous blended systems were performed to estimate the solubility of CO2 in MAPA and blended (MAPA+DEEA) solutions at temperature range of 298.15-338.15K.Densities of systems were measured in Anton Paar DMA 4500M density meter while viscosities were estimated in Physica MCR 100 rheometer and solubility experiments were done in stirred jacketed glass vessel.Simple model based on temperature and concentration was applied on excel sheet in order to calculate the density, solubility and viscosity. The absorption flux of CO2 in MAPA and blended systems, Henry?s constants, over all mass transfer coefficients and second order rate constants were determined for each case and compared these with the citied data available in order to judge the behavior and performance of current systems.

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Lu, Yuexia. "Experimental Studies on CO2 Absorption in Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9617.

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Membrane gas absorption technology is considered as one of the promising alternatives to conventional techniques for CO2 separation from the flue gas of fossil fuels combustion. As a hybrid approach of chemical absorption and membrane separation, it may offer a number of important features, including operational flexibility, compact structure, linear scale up and predictable performance. The main challenge is the additional membrane mass transfer resistance, especially when this resistance increases due to the absorbent intruding into the membrane pores. In this thesis, the experimental was set up to investigate how the operating parameters affect the absorption performance when using absorbent in hollow fiber contactor, and to obtain the optimal range of operation parameters for the designated membrane gas absorption system . During 20 days’ continuous experiment, we observed that the CO2 mass transfer rate decreases significantly following the operating time, which is attributed to the increase of membrane mass transfer resistance resulting from partial membrane wetting. To better understand the wetting evolution mechanism, the immersion experiments were carried out to assume that the membrane fibers immersed in the absorbents would undergo similar exposure as those used in the membrane contactor. Various membrane characterization methods were used to illustrate the wetting process before and after the membrane fibers were exposed to the absorbents. The characterization results showed that the absorbent molecules diffuse into the polypropylene (PP) polymer during the contact with the membrane, resulting in the swelling of the membrane. In addition, the effects of operating parameters such as immersion time, CO2 loading, as well as absorbent type on the membrane wetting were investigated in detail. Finally, based on the analysis results, methods to smooth the membrane wetting were discussed. It was suggested that improving the hydrophobicity of PP membrane by surface modification may be an effective way to improve the membrane long-term performance. Modification of the polypropylene membrane by depositing a rough layer of PP was carried out in order to improve the non-wettability of membrane. The comparison of long-term CO2 absorption performance by PP membranes before and after modification proves that the modified polypropylene membranes retained higher hydrophobicity than the untreated polypropylene membrane. Therefore modification is likely to be more suitable for use in membrane gas absorption contactors for CO2 separation, particularly over long operation time.

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Halvorsen, Bjørn Jordheim. "Power Plant with CO2 Capture based on Absorption Part-load Performance." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19379.

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This thesis gives a detailed evaluation of the part-load operation of a natural gas-fired combined cycle with an absorption plant for capture of CO2. The study looks into each of the processes related to the plant. Both the combined cycle and the absorption process are investigated separately, in terms of their part-load behavior, and a recommendation on how the total plant should be operated at part-load is given. The first part of the current work was a theoretical study of combined cycles, absorption plants and the integration between those. Both design and off-design models have been looked into. Based on the theory, a reference plant was designed and considered as a starting point for the part-load investigation. By means of simulation models and the theory, several parameter changes have been analyzed for each of the processes. The investigation of the part-load operation of the power plant indicated a significant net plant efficiency saving if inlet guide vanes were used to reduce the air flow into the gas turbine compressor, in combination with fuel reduction. The most recommended control strategy of the inlet guide vanes regulation was an almost constant target exhaust gas temperature relative to the design point. A higher target exhaust gas temperature obtained marginally better combined cycle efficiency, but problems could occur related to very high temperature gradients in the heat recovery steam generator. Analysis of the absorption process showed a dramatic reduction in the liquid circulation rate that provided the lowest reboiler duty, as the gas turbine load was reduced. The reduction in liquid flow rate into the absorber was about 30% relative to the flow rate in the design point, for a gas turbine load of 60% with an almost constant exhaust gas temperature. Regarding problems due to insufficient wetting of the packing material in the absorber, a restriction on the liquid flow rate at part-load operation could be profitable. A relative increase in total reboiler duty of 5% was detected from the simulations if a constant liquid flow rate restriction was used, compared to 30% reduction of liquid flow rate, at 60% gas turbine load. For the integrated power plant and absorption process, steam was preferable extracted from the crossover between the intermediate-pressure- and low-pressure turbine at 3,5 bar. This extraction pressure was independent of the part-load operation, and the low-pressure turbine should be throttled in order to meet the required steam extraction pressure at part-load. The design power plant with CO2 capture obtained a total plant efficiency of 53%, disregarded mechanical losses- and compressor work in the capture plant. At 60% gas turbine load with almost constant exhaust gas temperature, the respective net plant efficiency was about 49% dependent of the liquid flow rate in the absorber. A efficiency loss of 0,3% percent points were detected if a constant liquid flow rate restriction was used, compared to 30% reduction of liquid flow rate at 60% gas turbine load.

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Du, Preez Louis Jacobus. "The reactive absorption of CO2 into solutions of MEA/2-propanol." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4192.

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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The discovery that the reaction of CO2 with primary amines in both aqueous and non-aqueous media provides a viable chemical method for determining the effective interfacial mass transfer area for separation column internals has lead to an increase in the interest of studying the reaction kinetics and determining the governing reaction rate expressions. For the absorption studies conducted on these systems, many authors assumed that power rate law reaction kinetics govern the reaction rate, which simplified the derivation of absorption correlations. This has already been proven to be an over simplifying assumption, since many authors suggest a non-elementary rate expression based on the pseudo-steady state hypothesis for the reactive zwitterion intermediate to be valid. An evaluation of the existing reaction rate expressions for the homogeneous liquid phase reaction of CO2 and mono-ethanolamine (MEA) in a 2-propanol solvent system was performed. The reaction rate profiles of CO2 and MEA at 25ºC, 30ºC and 35ºC, and relative initial concentrations of [MEA]i = [CO2]i, [MEA]i = 2.5[CO2]i, [MEA]i = 4[CO2]i were determined by means of an isothermal CSTR set-up. Scavenging of the unreacted MEA with benzoyl chloride provided the means to be able to stop the reaction in the product stream. This in turn allowed for the construction of concentration- and reaction rate profiles. The reaction rate data was modelled on various rate expressions by means of a MATLAB® non-linear estimation technique, employing the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm for minimizing the loss function. It was concluded that the rate expressions proposed in literature are insufficient and a rate expression derived fundamentally from first principals is proposed: [ ][ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]2 MEA 1 2 2 -r = k CO RNH - k2 Z + k3 Z RNH2 - k4 S where ki are the reaction rate constants, Z is the zwitterion reactive intermediate and S the salt product of the overall reaction mechanism. In order to be able to determine the effective interfacial mass transfer area, the absorption rate per unit area or specific rate of absorption for the solute gas as a rate expression function of species concentration must firstly be determined. This is achieved by performing experimental absorption runs on a gas-liquid contactor of known surface area. This study incorporated the well known wetted wall experimental set-up. The aim was to construct and implement a wetted wall set-up and conduct absorption experiments for a gas side CO2 concentration range stretching from pure CO2 to diluted gas mixtures absorbing into solutions of varying MEA concentrations. Validation of the set-up was done by performing experiments at similar conditions to a previous study. The study then proceeded to determine the absolute and specific absorption rates at CO2 mass percentages of 100%, 78%, 55% and 30% into solutions of MEA concentrations of 0.25 and 0.3 mol/L. These runs were conducted at 25ºC and 30ºC. The wetted wall was designed to facilitate absorption studies at column heights of 60, 90 and 105mm. This allowed the investigation of the effect that surface area and column height has on the absolute rate of absorption as well as the CO2 and MEA concentrations in the liquid phase It was found that the specific absorption rate is independent of contact time, which is consistent with the rapid nature of the reaction. It was furthermore found that an increase in MEA concentration caused an increase in the absorption rate. The effect of temperature is linked with the solubility of CO2 in the solution. As the temperature increases, the solubility of CO2 decreases, but the absorption rate increases. The result is that it seems as if a change in temperature has no effect on the absorption rate, when in actual fact it does. An increase in the amount of CO2 absorbed is noticed for an increase in wetted wall surface area. This is expected and indicates that there is an increase in the amount of CO2 absorbed as the column length increases. Stopping the absorption reaction by means of MEA scavenging with benzoyl chloride at various column heights will allow for the construction of a concentration profile for both CO2 and MEA as a function of column height. These profiles will allow for the derivation of a non-elementary rate expression governing the specific absorption rate. This has been identified as ‘n area of great interest for future investigation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Groot navorsingsbelangstelling in die reaksiekinetika van CO2 en monoethanolamien (MEA) het ontstaan sedert die ontdekking dat hierdie reaktiewe sisteem ook ‘n goeie metode is vir die bepaling van die effektiewe massaoordragsoppervlakte van gestruktureerde pakkingsmateriaal. Die klem val op die bepaling van eerstens die mees geskikte en akkurate model om die reaksiekinetika te beskryf wat dan gebruik kan word om die absorbsiekinetika deeglik te karaktariseer. Sommige van die vorige navorsers het vereenvoudigende aannames gemaak rakende die reaksiekinetika ten einde die bepaling van geskikte absopsievergelykings te vergemaklik. Ander het gevind dat die nie-elementêre, pseudo-gestadigde toestand hipotese gebasseer op die reaktiewe zwitterioon tussenproduk van die reaksie ‘n meer verteenwoordigende kinetiese model is. Hierdie studie is eerstens gemik op die evaluasie van die bestaande reaksiekinetikavergelykings deur die homogene vloeistoffase reaksie van CO2 met mono-etanolamien (MEA) in die oplosmiddel, 2-propanol te ondersoek. Die studie is uitgevoer in ‘n isoterme CSTR sisteem by onderskeidelik 25ºC, 30ºC en 35ºC en MEA konsentrasies van [MEA]i = [CO2]i, [MEA]i = 2.5[CO2]i en [MEA]i = 4[CO2]i. Die voorgestelde reaksiekinetikavergelykings was gemodelleer met ‘n nie-lineêre datapassingstegniek verskaf deur die sagtewarepakket, MATLAB® wat die Levenberg- Marquard algoritme gebruik om die resfunksie te minimeer. Uit die teorie en datapassing word die volgende vergelyking voorgestel: [ ][ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]2 MEA 1 2 2 -r = k CO RNH - k2 Z + k3 Z RNH2 - k4 S waar ki die reaksietempokonstante voorstel, Z die zwitterioontussenproduk en S die soutproduk. Die eerste stap in die bepaling van die effektiewe massaoordragsarea van gestruktureerde pakkingsmateriaal is om ‘n geskikte vergelyking of korrelasie vir die spesifieke absorpsie van die gas te bepaal. Dit word gedoen deur absoprsie eksperimente te doen op toerusting van bekende oppervlakarea. Hierdie studie het die reeds bekende ‘wetted wall’ opstelling gebruik. Die hoof doelwit van hierdie absorpsiestudie was om ‘n werkende opstelling te bou en absorpsie eksperimente vir CO2 konsentrasies wat strek van suiwer CO2 tot verdunde mengsels uit te voer. Die konsentrasie MEA is ook gevarieër. Die geskiktheid van die opstelling is eerstens getoets deur eksperimentele lopies uit te voer by soorgelyke toestande as ‘n vorige studie. Die doel van die studie is om die absolute en spesifieke absorpsietempos van CO2 by gasfase massapersentasies van 100%, 78%, 55% en 30% in MEA/2-propanol oplossings met MEA konsentrasies van 0.25 en 0.3 mol/L te bepaal. Die lopies is uigevoer by beide 25ºC en 30ºC. Die opstelling is ook ontwerp om absorpsie eksperimente by verskillende kolomhoogtes uit te voer. Hierdie hoogtes is 60, 90 en 105mm. Hierdie studie het tweedens gefokus op die effek wat absorpsiearea en kolomhoogte op die absorpsietempo van CO2 het. Die resultate van die studie toon dat die absorpsietempo onafhanklik is van kontaktyd. Dit stem saam met die vinnige reaksietempo. ‘n Toename in MEA konsentrasie het ‘n toename in spesifieke absorpsietempo tot gevolg, terwyl die effek van temperatuur gekoppel kan word aan die oplosbaarheid van CO2. Soos die temperatuur toeneem, neem die absolute absorpsietempo toe, maar die oplosbaarheid van CO2 neem af, dit het beide ‘n toenemende en afnemende effek op die spesifieke absorpsietempo. Die hoeveelheid CO2 geabsorbeer neem toe met ‘n toename in kolomhoogte. Die konsentrasie MEA in die uitlaatvloeistof toon ‘n skynbare eksponensiële afname met ‘n toename in kolomhoogte. ‘n Studie gemik om die konsentrasieprofiele van CO2 en MEA as ‘n funksie van kolomhoogte te bepaal, word voorgestel. Absorpsiemodelle en korrelasies kan dan afgelei word uit hierdie profiele, wat die berekening van die effektiewe massaoordragsarea akkuraat sal maak. Dit sal deel vorm van toekomstige navorsing.

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Nookuea, Worrada. "Impacts of Thermo-Physical Properties on Chemical Absorption for CO2 Capture." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34254.

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Following the climate change mitigation target in Paris agreement, the global warming has to be limited to 2.0°C above the preindustrial levels. One of the potential methods is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which can significantly reduce the CO2 emissions from the vast point sources such as power plants, industries, and natural gas processes. The CCS covers four steps which are capture, conditioning, transport, and storage. For the capture part, post-combustion capture is easier to implement based on today’s technologies and infrastructure compared with pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion captures, since the radical changes in the structure of the existing plant are not required. To design and operate different CCS processes, the knowledge of thermo-physical properties of the CO2 mixtures is of importance. In this thesis, the status and progress of the studies related to the impacts of the uncertainty in thermo-physical properties on the design and operation of the CCS processes were reviewed. The knowledge gaps and the priority of property model development were identified. According to the identified knowledge gaps in the review, the impacts of thermo-physical properties which are the density, viscosity, and diffusivity of the gas and liquid phases, and the surface tension and heat capacity of the liquid phase on the design of the absorber column for the chemical absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine were quantitatively analyzed. An in-house rate-based absorption model was developed in MATLAB to simulate the absorption process, and the sensitivity study was done for each property. An economic evaluation was also performed to further estimate the impacts of the properties on the capital cost of the absorption unit. For column diameter of the absorber, the gas phase density shows the most significant impacts; while, the liquid phase density and viscosity show the most significant impacts on the design of the packing height and also the capital cost of the absorption unit. Therefore, developing the flue gas density model and liquid phase density and viscosity models of the aqueous solvents with CO2 loading should be prioritized.
Enligt Parisavtalets mål för klimatförändringar ska den globala uppvärmningen begränsas till 2.0° C över förindustriella nivåer. En av de potentiella metoderna är avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid (CCS), som avsevärt kan minska CO2-utsläppen från stora punktkällor såsom kraftverk, industrier och naturgasprocesser. CCS omfattar fyra steg som är avskiljning, konditionering, transport och lagring. Avskiljning genom efterförbränning är lättare att genomföra baserat på dagens teknik och infrastruktur jämfört med avskiljning före förbränning och genom oxybränsle förbränning, eftersom radikala förändringar av de befintliga anläggningars struktur inte behövs. För att utforma och driva olika CCS processer, är kunskap om termofysikaliska egenskaperna hos CO2 blandningarna av stor betydelse. I denna avhandling har status och framsteg för studier rörande effekterna av osäkerheten i termofysikaliska egenskaper på konstruktion och drift av CCS processer granskats. Kunskapsluckor och prioritering av utveckling av modeller för egenskaperna identifierades. Enligt de i översynen identifierade kunskapsluckorna, har effekterna av de termofysikaliska egenskaperna densitet, viskositet och diffusivitet av gas- och vätskefaserna, och ytspänningen och värmekapacitet av vätskefasen på utformningen av absorptionskolonnen för kemisk absorption med användning av vattenhaltig monoetanolamin analyserats kvantitativt. En hastighetsbaserad absorptionsmodell har utvecklats i MATLAB för simulering av absorptionsprocessen och känslighetsanalys gjordes för varje egenskap. En ekonomisk utvärdering genomfördes också för att ytterligare uppskatta effekterna av egenskaperna på kapitalkostnaden för absorptionsenheten. För bestämning av diametern av absorbatorns kolonn visar gasfasens densitet den mest betydande inverkan; medan vätskefasens densitet och viskositeten visar den mest betydande inverkan på utformningen av fyllmaterialets höjd och även kapitalkostnaderna för absorptionsenheten. Därför bör utveckling av modeller för rökgasens densitet och vätskefasens densitet och viskositet för det vattenbaserade lösningsmedlet med absorberad CO2 prioriteras.
VR CCS Project

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Meyers, Jason. "Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy characterization of impulse hypervelocity CO2 flows." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210279.

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Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy using an external cavity diode laser operating in the infra-red has been developed to monitor CO2 in the freestream of the Longshot hypervelocity facility at the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. The Longshot facility offers a unique European facility for ground testing and numerical validation applications, however, some of the traditional data rebuilding aspects are in question. A non-intrusive absorption

sensor could significantly aid in improving the knowledge of freestream static values thereby improving the models used in data rebuilding and numerical simulation. The design of such a sensor also expands the spectroscopic capabilities of the Von Karman Institute.

The absorption sensor is designed around the single P12 (00001)-(30013) rovibrational transition near 1.6µm (6218.09cm-1 specifically) which yields relatively weak direct absorption levels at about 3.5% per meter for typical Longshot freestream conditions. However, when handled carefully, adequate signal-to-noise can be acquired to exploit significant flow information. By being able to operate in this range, total sensor cost can be easily an a factor of two or more cheaper than sensors designed for the deeper infrared. All sensor elements were mounted to a compact portable optics bench utilizing single-mode optical fibers to allow for quick installation at different facilities by eliminating tedious optical realigning. Scans at 600Hz were performed over 20ms of the 40ms test time to extract core static temperature, pressure and velocity.

These results are compared with the current state of the Longshot data rebuild method. The non-uniform flow properties of the shear layer and test cabin rested gas accumulation was of an initial concern. The temperature and density gradients along with significant radial velocity components could result in DLAS temperature, pressure and velocity that are significantly different than that of the target freestream inviscid core values. Fortunately, with the proper selection of the P12 rotational number, this effect could be more or less ignored as the higher temperature and lower density gas of this region is relatively transparent.

Ultimately, acquired temperature and density were moderately accurate when compared to Longshot rebuilt results owing primarily to the baseline extraction which poses issues for such low absorption signals. However, the extracted velocity data are quite accurate. This is a definite puls for the sensor as the freestream enthalpy of cold hypersonic facilities is dictated primarily by the kinetic energy contribution. Being able to compare velocity gives insight to the level of vibration non-equilibrium in the flow. The velocity of the DLAS and the Longshot rebuild are quite close. This adds more weight to the argument that vibrational excitation is very low (if present at all) in the free stream and that the van de derWaals equation of state usage and constant specific heat assumption might be an adequate model for the data rebuild after all.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Gao, Min. "Carbon dioxide absorption in metal organic frameworks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/23195.

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With the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) becoming an international worry due its role in climate change, solutions such as CO2 capture and storage technologies are needed to decrease the emissions. The main proportion of CO2 gas emissions is from fossil fuel combustion in a range of industries, including power generation. To develop the CO2 capture system for these operations, new materials are needed for CO2 capture. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have porous crystal structures containing organic molecules (organic ligands) linked to each other by metalcontaining nodes. The large internal surface area can be exploited for the adsorption of small gas molecules, and for this reason MOFs may be ideal candidate materials for CO2 capture and gas separations. Thousands of MOF materials have been reported, with different combinations of the ligands and metals and with the capability of forming many different network topologies. Experimentally it is very difficult to study the gas absorption dynamics, interaction and gas adsorption capacity for the large number of materials. This problem can be solved by simulations. The aim of the thesis is to develop a systematic simulation method to screen the MOF properties and CO2 adsorption capacity and interaction dynamics at different environment. The molecular dynamics (MD) method with parameterised force fields was used to study the interactions between CO2 molecules and one class of the MOFs, zeolitic imidizolate frameworks (ZIFs) with zinc as the metal cation. To develop the model, the atom charges have been developed by using the distributed multipole analysis (DMA) method based on ab initio DFT calculations for molecules and clusters. The intermolecular forces were developed by fitting against the MP2 calculations of small clusters of the metal cations and molecular ligands. In order to evaluate the models I simulated the gas-liquid coexistence curve of CO2 and showed that it is consistent with experiments. I also simulated the pure ZIF structures on changing both temperature and pressure, demonstrating the stabilities of the structures but also showing the existence of displacive phase transitions. I have used this approach to successfully study CO2 absorption in a number of ZIFs (from ZIF-zni, ZIF-2, ZIF-4, ZIF-8 and ZIF-10) using MD. The gas absorption capacity and dynamics have been investigated under 25 bar and 30 bar, 200 , showing a promising uptake of CO2. The results have shown that CO2 capacity is mainly determined by the pore sizes and pore surfaces, in which a higher capacity is associated with a higher pore surface. The intermolecular distance of CO2 inside the pores and channels have been investigated in the saturation state. It has been shown that the distance is approximately 4 Å. The attraction force is from the interaction between CO2 and the imidazolate ligands. In addition, the systematic studies of the saturated ZIF system gave the minimum diameters for CO2 adsorption which is approximately 4.4 Å. This interaction has caused the gate opening effects, with the imidazolate ligands being pushed to be parallel to the CO2 molecules and opening up to allow more gas molecules go through the channels that connect the pore structures. This gate opening effect also explains the phase transition in ZIF-10 caused by CO2 molecules in our simulation, and can be applied to predict phase transitions in other materials with similar structure such as ZIF-7 and ZIF-8. The dynamics have also shown that the gas diffusion velocity is determined by the pore structure as well and by the accumulated layers of CO2 on the surface prior to being pushed in toward the centre of the material layer by layer. The de-absorption processes have also been studied in these materials by decreasing the pressure from 25 bar to 1 bar under at same temperature. The results indicate that the de-absorption is a reverse process of absorption. The structure of ZIF-10 went through a phase transition induced by CO2 recovered after the guest molecules had been released. The de-absorption can be accelerated by increasing the temperature.

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Veawab, Amornvadee. "Corrosion and corrosion control in CO2 absorption process using aqueous amine solutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/NQ54681.pdf.

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Rautenbach, Christo. "Modelling of flow through porous packing elements of a CO2 absorption tower." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2319.

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Thesis (MSc (Mathematics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Packed beds are widely used in industry to improve the total contact area between two substances in a multiphase process. The process typically involves forced convection of liquid or gas through either structured or dumped solid packings. Applications of such multiphase processes include mass transfer to catalyst particles forming the packed bed and the adsorption of gases or liquids on the solid packing. An experimental study on the determination of air flow pressure drops over different packingmaterialswas carried out at the Telemark University College in Porsgrunn,Norway. The packed bed consisted of a cylindrical column of diameter 0.072m and height 1.5m, filled with different packingmaterials. Air was pumped vertically upwards through a porous distributor to allow for a uniform inlet pressure. Resulting pressure values were measured at regular height intervals within the bed. Due to the geometric nature of a Raschig ring packing wall effects, namely the combined effects of extra wall shear stress due to the column surface and channelling due to packing adjacent to a solid column surface, were assumed to be negligible. Several mathematical drag models exist for packed beds of granular particles and an important question arises as to whether they can be generalized in a scientific manner to enhance the accuracy of predicting the drag for different kinds of packing materials. Problems with the frequently used Ergun equation, which is based on a tubular model for flow between granules and then being empirically adjusted, will be discussed. Some theoretical models that improve on the Ergun equation and their correlation with experimental work will be discussed. It is shown that a particular pore-scale model, that allows for different geometries and porosities, is superior to the Ergun equation in its predictions. Also important in the advanced models is the fact that it could take into account anomalies such as dead zones where no fluid transport is present and surfaces that do neither contribute to shear stress nor to interstitial form drag. The overall conclusion is that proper modelling of the dynamical situation present in the packing can provide drag models that can be used with confidence in a variety of packed bed applications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gepakte materiaal strukture word in die industrie gebruik om die kontak area tussen twee stowwe in meervoudige faseprosesse te vergroot. Die proses gaan gewoonlik gepaard met geforseerde konveksie van ’n vloeistof of ’n gas deur gestruktureerde of lukrake soliede gepakte strukture. Toepassings van sulke meervoudige faseprossese sluit onder andere in die massa-oordrag na katalisator partikels wat die gepakte struktuur vorm of die absorpsie van gasse of vloeistowwe op die soliede gepakte elemente. ’n Eksperimentele ondersoek oor die drukval van veskillende gepakte elemente in ’n kolom is gedoen by die Telemark University College in Porsgrunn, Noorweë. Die gepakte struktuur het bestaan uit ’n kolommet ’n diameter van 0.072m en ’n hoogte van 1.5m. Lug is vertikaal opwaarts gepomp deur ’n poreuse plaat wat gesorg het vir ’n benaderde uniforme snelheidsprofiel. Die druk is toe op intervalle deur die poreuse struktuur gemeet. In die studie is die effekte van die eksterne wande, nl. die bydrae van die wand se wrywing en die vorming van kanale langs die kolom wand, as weglaatbaar aanvaar. Daar bestaan baie wiskundige dempingsmodelle vir gepakte strukture wat uit korrels saamgestel is. ’n Belangrike vraag kan dus gevra word, of laasgenoemde modelle veralgemeen kan word op ’n wetenskaplike manier om die demping deur verskillende gepakte strukture akkuraat te kan voorspel. Probleme wat ontstaan het met die wel bekende Ergun vergelyking, wat gebaseer is op ’n kapillêre model en wat toe verder aangepas is deur empiriese resultate van uniforme sfere, sal bespreek word. Teoretiesemodelle wat verbeteringe op die Ergun vergelyking voorstel sal bespreek word en vergelyk word met eksperimentele data. Daar word ook gewys dat ’n spesifieke porie-skaal model, wat aanpasbaar is vir verskillende geometrieë en porositeite, in baie gevalle beter is as die Ergun vergelyking. ’n Ander baie belangrike aspek van gevorderde modelle is die moontlikheid om stagnante gebiede in die gepakte strukture in ag te neem. Laasgenoemde gebiede sal die totale kontak area sowel as die intermediêre vorm demping verlaag. Die gevolgtrekking is dat wanneer deeglike modulering van dinamiese situasies in die industrie gedoen word kan dempings modelle met vertroue op ’n verskeidenheid gepakte strukture toegepas word.

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Neveux, Thibaut. "Modélisation et optimisation des procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0266/document.

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Les procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique engendrent une importante pénalité énergétique sur la production électrique des centrales à charbon, constituant un des principaux verrous technologiques au déploiement de la filière. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer et valider une méthodologie à même d'évaluer précisément le potentiel d'un procédé de captage aux amines donné. La phénoménologie de l'absorption chimique a été étudiée en détail et représentée par des modèles à l'état de l'art. Le modèle e-UNIQUAC a été utilisé pour décrire les équilibres chimiques et de phases des solutions électrolytiques et les paramètres du modèle ont été régressés pour quatre solvants. Un modèle hors-équilibre a été utilisé pour représenter le transfert couplé de matière et de chaleur, accéléré par les réactions chimiques. Les modèles ont été validés avec succès sur des données expérimentales d'un pilote industriel et d'un pilote de laboratoire. L'influence des phénomènes sur les efficacités de séparation a été explicitée afin d'isoler les phénomènes les plus impactants. Une méthodologie a alors été proposée pour évaluer la pénalité énergétique, incluant les consommations thermiques et électriques, liée à l'installation d'un procédé de captage sur une centrale à charbon supercritique. Une méthode d'estimation du coût de l'électricité est proposée pour quantifier les dépenses opératoires et d'investissement d'un tel procédé. L'environnement de simulation et d'évaluation de procédés obtenu a ensuite été couplé à une méthode d'optimisation afin de déterminer les paramètres opératoires et les dimensions des équipements maximisant les performances énergétiques et économiques
CO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances

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Ho, Ngoc linh. "Captage du CO2 par des solvants physiques confinés dans des materiaux poreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22089.

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Dans ce travail, l’existence et les mécanismes fondamentaux sous-jacents à l’augmentation de la solubilité du CO2 dans les matériaux hybrides. De nombreux supports solide et solvants physiques sont testés. Les adsorbants hybrides synthétisés sont par la suite évalués en mesurant les isothermes d’adsorption du CO2. Généralement, tous les adsorbants hybrides montrent une augmentation de la solubilité du CO2 en comparaison avec le solvant physique. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence, certaines conditions à remplir pour l'obtention d'un adsorbant hybride efficace. On montre notamment que le support solide doit posséder une structure mésoporeuse avec une forte surface spécifique. De plus, on identifie une taille optimale du solvant permettant d'obtenir une solubilité améliorée. Parmi tous les candidats testés, le N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone confiné dans un support mésoporeux de MCM-41 s’est avéré être l’adsorbant hybride dont les performances d'adsorption sont les plus importantes. Des simulations de Monte Carlo dans l'ensemble grand canonique sont ensuite effectuées, afin d'interpréter le comportement de la solubilité du CO2 dans un système modèle d’adsorbant hybride à base de MCM-41. Les mécanismes microscopiques sous-jacents à l’augmentation de la solubilité sont notamment clairement identifiés. La présence des molécules de solvant favorise l'adsorption des molécules de CO2 dans le pore, engendrant une augmentation de la solubilité dans l’adsorbant hybride par rapport à celle de l’adsorbant natif ainsi qu’à celle du solvant macroscopique. De plus, pour évaluer l’efficacité de captage du CO2 de ces adsorbants hybrides, l'effet des interactions entre les adsorbats et le solide ainsi que l’impact de la taille de la molécule du solvant sur la solubilité du CO2 sont étudiés. Nous avons constaté qu’un système hybride idéal doit présenter une faible interaction entre le solvant et le solide et une forte affinité entre le solvant et le CO2. De plus, on identifie l'existence d'une taille optimale de solvant permettant de maximiser la solubilité du CO2 dans le système hybride. D’après les résultats de la simulation, la couche de solvant crée des pseudo-micropores dans le solide mésoporeux MCM-41, et permet à plus de molécules de CO2 d’être absorbés sous l'influence d'un confinement et d'une interaction surfacique plus importants
In this work, we investigate the existence and the fundamentals mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced CO2 solubility in hybrid materials. A number of prospective solid supports and physical solvents are chosen and the synthesized hybrid adsorbents are subsequently evaluated by measuring CO2 adsorption isotherms. Generally, all the hybrid adsorbents show an enhancement of CO2 solubility compared with the bulk physical solvent. According to further investigation, we have obtained certain requisites for a good solid support, of which structure should be mesoporous with large surface area. In addition, there is an optimized solvent's size to achieve an enhanced solubility. As a result, among the candidates, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone confined in MCM-41 adsorbent is proven to be the most suitable hybrid adsorbent for an effective CO2-removal application. In order to gain a deeper insight, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations are then performed to interpret the CO2 solubility behavior in a modeled system of hybrid MCM-41 adsorbent. As a result, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the apparition of enhanced solubility are then clearly identified. In fact, the presence of solvent molecules favors the layering of CO2 molecule within the pores thereby the CO2 solubility in hybrid adsorbent markedly increases in comparison with the one found in the raw adsorbent as well as in the bulk solvent. In addition, to fully evaluate the efficiency of hybrid adsorbents in capturing CO2, the sorbent-solid interactions along with the solvent molecular size impact on CO2 solubility are further investigated in this study. We found that an ideal hybrid system should possess a weak solvent-solid interaction but a strong solvent-CO2 affinity. Furthermore, an optimal solvent size is obtained for the enhanced CO2 solubility in the hybrid system. According to the simulation results, the solvent layer builds pseudo-micropores inside the mesoporous MCM-41, enabling more CO2 molecules to be absorbed under greater influence of spatial confinement and surface interaction

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Lawrence, James. "Differential absorption LiDAR for the total column measurement of atmospheric CO2 from space." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10379.

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Since the beginning of the industrial revolution (1750 to 1800) the Earth’s atmospheric composition has undergone significant change as a result of human activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels. As a consequence the atmospheric concentrations of a number of gases known to be influential to the Earth’s climate have increased far beyond natural levels. Atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide which naturally exist in the Earth system have increased in correlation with anthropogenic emissions. The effect of this perturbation on the Earth system has been predicted through computer simulations to have undesirable consequences on the Earth’s future climate. The present measurement systems for atmospheric carbon dioxide have limited spatial coverage and temporal resolution which restricts their ability to accurately attribute observations of atmospheric composition to particular terrestrial sources and sinks. This inability to accurately locate and quantify the key carbon dioxide sources and sinks in the terrestrial and marine biospheres is hindering the understanding of the processes that are driving the Earth’s natural uptake of approximately half of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. With such uncertainty it is currently unknown precisely how the Earth’s climate will respond to global warming in the future. Through computer simulation it has been demonstrated that improving the spatial distribution of global measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide is likely to advance the present understanding of the Earth’s terrestrial sources and sinks. Regions that require particular improvement in measurement coverage are the southern oceans owing to a lack of landmass on which to site instruments, and much of the tropics because of difficulties in locating instruments in some of the worlds more politically unstable regions. Satellite remote sensing instruments which measure atmospheric carbon dioxide from low Earth orbit provide some coverage of these sparsely sampled locations, however cloud cover often prevents measurements being made (particularly in the tropics), and limited latitudinal coverage caused by current instruments using passive remote sensing techniques prevents measurements at very high and low latitudes (including much of the southern ocean during local winter). An alternative remote sensing technique has been proposed in the scientific literature for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations using laser emissions from a satellite platform known as total column differential absorption LiDAR (TC-DIAL). The TC-DIAL technique has been identified as having the theoretical potential to meet the coverage and precision requirements to greatly aid in identifying and quantifying terrestrial carbon dioxide sources and sinks. The TC-DIAL technique has the potential to achieve these goals largely owing to its unique capabilities of being able to make measurements during both the day and night and at all latitudes with a footprint which may be small enough to see between patchy cloud cover in the tropics. This thesis builds on previous studies of the TC-DIAL measurement technique from a satellite platform to assess its current and future capabilities to meet the observation requirements defined by the atmospheric carbon and modeling scientific communities. Particular investigations are carried out to assess the optimum system configuration in the context of global carbon modeling using up-to-date spectroscopy and instrument parameters for the latest technology. Optimum systems for both direct and heterodyne detection TC-DIAL instruments are defined, and it is found that direct detection provides the lowest retrieval errors under clear sky conditions. For a system based on current technology TC-DIAL retrievals are expected to have errors of approximately 0.68 ppm for direct detection and 1.01 ppm for heterodyne detection over a 50 km surface track. Using global cloud statistics two suitable pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) for a heterodyne detection system have been identified as 5 and 15 kHz. These PRF’s provide the minimum probability of an effect known as cross signal contamination occurring when measurements are made in the presence of cloud. In this thesis it is shown that the retrieval error incurred by cross signal contamination is > 16 ppm for a heterodyne detection TC-DIAL system measuring through cloud with optical depth > 2. The most important retrieval error component in TC-DIAL retrievals has been found to be the uncertainties introduced by the use of numerical weather prediction data for the ancillary atmospheric profiles. The limited spatial resolution of current NWP models (> 20 km) implies the uncertainties associated with the ancillary data are required to be treated as systematic, and as a consequence their errors dominate over other TC-DIAL retrieval errors following multiple pulse integration.

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Hasib-ur-Rahman, Muhammad. "CO2 CAPTURE USING ALKANOLAMINE/ROOM-TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUID BLENDS . Absorption, Regeneration, and Corrosion Aspects." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30062/30062.pdf.

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Le réchauffement climatique, résultant essentiellement des émissions anthropiques de dioxyde de carbone, demeure un sujet de grande préoccupation. Le captage et la séquestration du dioxyde de carbone est une solution viable permettant de prévoir une baisse des émissions de CO2 issues des importantes sources ponctuelles qui impliquent la combustion des carburants fossiles. Dans cette perspective, les systèmes aqueux d’alcanolamines offrent une solution prometteuse à court terme pour la capture du CO2 dans les installations de production d'électricité. Cependant, ces systèmes sont confrontés à divers accrocs opératoires tels que les limitations d’équilibre, les grandes quantités d’énergie requises pour la régénération, les pertes en solvant et la corrosion prononcée des installations, pour ne citer que ces quelques inconvénients. L’eau étant la principale cause de ces complications, une mesure à prendre pourrait être le remplacement de la phase aqueuse par un solvant plus stable. Les liquides ioniques à température ambiante, dotés d’une haute stabilité thermique et pratiquement non-volatils émergent en tant que candidats prometteurs. De plus, grâce à leur nature ajustable, ils peuvent être apprêtés conformément aux exigences du procédé. La substitution de la phase aqueuse dans les processus utilisant l’alcanolamine par les liquides ioniques à température ambiante ouvre une opportunité potentielle pour une capture efficace du CO2. Un aspect remarquable de ces systèmes serait la cristallisation du produit résultant de la capture du CO2 (c-à-d, le carbamate) au sein même du liquide ionique qui non seulement déjouerait les contraintes d’équilibre mais également pourvoirait une opportunité intéressante pour la séparation des produits. Étant donné le peu d’information disponible dans la littérature sur la viabilité des systèmes utilisant la combinaison d’amine et de liquide ionique, l’étude proposée ici a pour but d’apporter une meilleure compréhension sur l’efficacité à séparer le CO2 d’un mélange de type postcombustion à travers une approche plus systématique. À cet effet, des liquides ioniques à base d’imidazolium ([Cnmim][Tf2N], [Cnmim][BF4], [Cnmim][Otf]) ont été choisis. Deux alcanolamines, à savoir, le 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) et le diéthanolamine (DEA) ont été examinées en détail afin d’explorer la capture du CO2 et les possibilités de régénération qu’offre un système amine-liquide ionique. Les résultats ont révélé l’intérêt de la combinaison DEA-liquide ionique étant donné que ce système pourrait aider à réduire de manière significative l’écart entre les températures d’absorption et de régénération, promettant ainsi une perspective attrayante en termes d’économie d’énergie. En outre, les liquides ioniques ont également été scrutés du point de vue de leur nature hydrophobe/hydrophile afin d’étudier le comportement corrosif du mélange amine-liquide ionique au contact d’échantillons d’acier au carbone. Bien que l’utilisation des liquides ioniques hydrophiles ait aidé à abaisser la vitesse de corrosion jusqu’à concurrence de 72%, l’emploi de liquides ioniques hydrophobes s’avère plus efficace, car annulant quasiment le phénomène de corrosion même dans un environnement riche en CO2. Dans le cas des mélanges immiscibles comme DEA-[hmim][Tf2N], une agitation continue s’avère nécessaire afin d’assurer une dispersion prolongée des gouttelettes d’amine émulsifiées au sein de liquides ioniques et ainsi atteindre une vitesse de capture optimale.
Global warming, largely resulting from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, continues to remain a matter of great concern. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a viable solution to ensure a prevised fall in CO2 emissions from large point sources involving fossil fuel combustion. In this context, aqueous alkanolamine systems offer a promising near-term solution for CO2 capture from power generation facilities. However, these face several operational hitches such as equilibrium limitations, high regeneration energy requirement, solvent loss, and soaring corrosion occurrence. The main culprit in this respect is water and, accordingly, one feasible practice may be the replacement of aqueous phase with some stable solvent. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), with high thermal stability and practically no volatility, are emerging as promising aspirants. Moreover, owing to the tunable nature of ionic liquids, RTIL phase can be adapted in accordance with the process requirements. Replacing aqueous phase with RTIL in case of alkanolamine based processes provided a potential opportunity for efficient CO2 capture. The most striking aspect of these schemes was the crystallization of CO2-captured product (carbamate) inside the RTIL phase that not only helped evade equilibrium constraints but also rendered a worthy opportunity of product separation. Since there is little information available in the literature about the viability of amine-RTIL systems, the proposed research was aimed at better understanding CO2 separation proficiency of these fluids through a more systematic approach. Imidazolium RTILs ([Cnmim][Tf2N], [Cnmim][BF4], [Cnmim][Otf]) were chosen for this purpose. Two alkanolamines, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and diethanolamine (DEA) were examined in detail to explore CO2 capture and regeneration capabilities of amine-RTIL systems. The results revealed the superiority of DEA-RTIL combination as this scheme could help significantly narrow the gap between absorption and regeneration temperatures thus promising a sparkling prospect of attenuating energy needs. Furthermore, ionic liquids were scrutinized in reference to their hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature to study the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in amine-RTIL media. Though hydrophilic ionic liquids helped decrease corrosion occurrence up to 72%, hydrophobic RTIL appeared to be the most effective in this regard, virtually negating the corrosion phenomenon under CO2 rich environment. In case of immiscible blends like DEA-[hmim][Tf2N], continual agitation appeared to be a necessity to ensure a prolonged dispersion of amine in the RTIL phase and, thereby, to attain an optimal capture rate.

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22

Kunze, Anna-Katharina [Verfasser]. "Intensified reactive absorption processes for CO2 separation using enzyme accelerated solvents / Anna-Katharina Kunze." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084385406/34.

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Dave, Ashok. "Techno-economic assessment of IGCC systems with CO2 capture using novel absorption/desorption technologies." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675929.

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carbon dioxide (C02) emission to atmosphere (due to fossil fuel fired energy consumption) is a major contributor to greenhouse effect which is causing climate change. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCe) power plants have greater adaptability to C02 capture in comparison to the state of the art technology (for Greenhouse gas mitigation). Economic infeasibility, Techno-Economic uncertainty and lack of operational experience are some of the major hurdle preventing further penetration of this technology. As a result, larger amount of contingency is applied to the project cost (for various equipment and sUb-systems of the plant). The aim of this research is to develop a significantly detailed process model (of Hydrogen sulphide and Carbon Dioxide capture from syngas) and to develop a realistic estimate of the size of the plant (to conduct the economic assessment). Detailed process design is developed for H2S and C02 capture from syngas using physical solvent. The physical solvent chosen for this research is a blend of various di-methyl ether of poly ethylene glycol (DMEPEG). Rate based simulations are conducted (using Pro-Treat software) to determine the equipment size, the operating condition and the process performance parameters. Various unit operations (within the process) have been optimized using sensitivity study of various process parameters. Several energy saving features have been introduced in the process which finally result in Reboiler Duty (for H2S capture) as low as 30.67 GJ/Ton (which is 99.5 % of feed) and Energy consumption (for C02 capture) as low as 52.422 kW-Hr/Ton (which is 88 % of feed). Suppliers have been identified for various process equipment and their suggestions have been incorporated to develop the process model, to evaluate the process performance and to estimate the cost of the plant.

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Green, Vicki C. "CO2 Recovery by Scrubbing with Reclaimed Magnesium Hydroxide." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378196688.

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Schäffer, Anke [Verfasser]. "Amine und Aminmischungen zur CO2-Absorption aus Kraftwerksrauchgasen und ihr Energiebedarf zur Regeneration / Anke Schäffer." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1049382307/34.

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Lacroix, Olivier. "CO2 Capture using immobilized carbonic anhydrase in Robinson-Mahoney basket and packed absorption column reactors." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25183/25183.pdf.

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Schubert, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Anwendung immobilisierter Aktivatoren bei der Absorption von CO2 mit wässrigen Methyldiethanolamin-Lösungen / Stephan Schubert." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1011533731/34.

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Doedt, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulbricht. "Phasenseparation während der CO2-Absorption durch Monoethanolamin und Diethanolamin in Glykolethern / Sebastian Doedt ; Betreuer: Mathias Ulbricht." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122018886/34.

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Kovář, Martin. "Odstraňování CO2 z bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230304.

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Research the Selexol, Rectisol, Fluor and Purisol technologies for the treatment of biogas to natural gas quality is the main job. The purified biogas must meet quality requirements, which sets out legislation Czech Republic. An important point is to build models of technology in the ChemCad software. Methods are analyzed with these models for the same output requirements. The result is to determine whether the technologies are suitable for biogas purification and implement, through research, simplified technical and economic evaluation.

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Chavan, Sayali Ramdas. "Development, modeling and optimization of CO2 separation process using membrane contactor : applied to hydrogen purification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST040.

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Ce travail est consacré à la séparation du CO2 d'un syngas pour produire de l'hydrogène de haute pureté par contacteurs membranaires. Le pilote construit au laboratoire utilise des contacteurs à fibres creuses (HFMC). Un premier jeu de données montre que la pureté reste sous le seuil de 99%. Un modèle théorique d'équilibre a permis d'expliquer cela par les concentrations résiduelles de carbonate CO2/3− et de bicarbonate HCO3−. Cela a permis de proposer une nouvelle approche reposant sur la variation du pH (pHSA). Elle atteint une pureté de H2 de 99,96 % et un rendement de 94 %. Un modèle prédictif de transferts a été résolu en 1D, pour une absorption de CO2 pur puis pour un mélange gazeux. Dans les deux cas, les paramètres ont été ajustés puis validés sur des données expérimentales. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives pour une solution compétitive en coûts d'investissement et d'exploitation. Le modèle numérique développé est un puissant outil de conception et d'optimisation
This work focuses on separating CO2 from syngas to produce high purity hydrogen based on gas-liquid absorption. To do so, a lab-scale pilot was built featuring three Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (HFMC). Primary sensitivity analysis of the process revealed that the purity remains below 99%, explained by the residual concentrations of carbonate CO2/3− and bicarbonate HCO3−. A theoretical equilibrium model and later a new approach based on pH variation (pHSA) was put forward to overcome the purity limitation achieving H2 purity of 99.96% and 94% yield. Moreover, a predictive transfer model was solved in 1D to predict absorption of CO2 in pure and gas mixtures. The model was fitted for both cases and then validated with experimental data. This work opens perspectives as a competitive solution in terms of investment and operating costs. The numerical model developed is a powerful design and optimization tool

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Servia, Alberto. "Étude cinétique des phénomènes d'activation pour l'absorption de CO2 par des mélanges d'amines." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0071.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans les problématiques liées au captage de CO2 en postcombustion et au traitement du gaz naturel. Une méthodologie a été développée dans le cadre de cette thèse afin de comprendre la cinétique d'absorption de CO2 par des solutions aqueuses de mélange d'amines. Cette méthodologie comporte l'acquisition de données expérimentales à travers un outil expérimental de type film tombant, ainsi que l'exploitation de ces données via un modèle couplant l'ensemble des phénomènes physico-chimiques mis en oeuvre au sein du réacteur. Cette méthodologie a dans un premier temps été appliquée à l'étude du système CO2-pipérazine, pour lequel l'extrapolation de la cinétique chimique de la littérature a été validée dans des gammes étendues de températures, concentrations d'amines et de taux de charge en CO2 (ratio entre le nombre de mol CO2 et le nombre de mol d'amine en solution). La cinétique d'absorption du CO2 dans le mélange complexe N-méthyldiéthanolamine-pipérazine, a ensuite été examinée. La synergie entre les deux amines pour absorber le CO2 ainsi que l'influence du taux de charge sur la cinétique chimique du système ont été quantifiées. Cette méthodologie sera mise en ?uvre au sein des projets de recherche IFPEN afin de quantifier la cinétique chimique des systèmes CO2-mélanges d'amines dans le cadre des procédés de captage de CO2 et de désacidification de gaz naturel. Paramètre essentiel de la modélisation du transfert gaz-liquide, une connaissance fine de la cinétique d'absorption du CO2 permet, in fine, d'améliorer la fiabilité du design des colonnes d'absorption industrielles
Processes based on chemical absorption are widely used for removing CO2 contained in natural gas, hydrogen or flue gas. Mixtures of amines can be used as a solvent for these applications in order to accelerate CO2 mass transfer towards the liquid phase, while keeping a low energy consumption to be regenerated. A methodology has been developed in the framework of this PhD to understand the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 into mixtures of amines. Experimental data provided by a wetted wall column apparatus have been interpreted by a rigorous model taking into account all phenomena occurring within the reactor. This work was firstly dedicated to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by aqueous piperazine solutions. The extrapolation of PZ / CO2 kinetics given by the literature has been validated in a wide range of operating conditions. The kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine and piperazine has then been assessed. The synergy between both amines at low loading allowing the CO2 mass transfer to be accelerated as well as the impact of the CO2 loading on the absorption kinetics have been quantified. This methodology will be used at IFP Energies nouvelles in order to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of amines, in the framework of CO2 postcombustion capture and natural gas treatment processes development. The knowledge of the kinetics of the CO2 absorption by mixtures of amines will allow to enhance the reliability of the absorption column design

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Bendamardji, Sofiane. "Etude d'un capteur de CO2 à fibre optique et principe d'opto-alimentation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30031.

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Nous avons demontre la faisabilite d'un capteur co#2 a fibre optique par absorption infrarouge. Le capteur realise peut detecter des pressions partielles superieures a 11 bar, avec une marge d'erreur de 100 bar, ce qui est suffisant pour l'application ulterieure ou dispositif. Ce capteur a ete concu pour la regulation de co#2 dans des serres agricoles enrichies. Nous avons utilise une del inassbp pulsee emettant a 4,2 m, pour mettre a profit la forte absorption moleculaire du co#2 existant dans cette region spectrale. Pour surmonter les problemes d'attenuation de signal par les f. O. Dans l'infrarouge, nous avons utilise la technique de l'opto-alimentation, qui a pour effet la transposition de longueur d'onde de travail de 4,2 m a 860 nm, et permettre l'utilisation de f. O. Standard. Notre recherche de la technique finale de detection nous a amene a etudier de nombreux capteurs de gaz a f. O. Ainsi que tous les autres capteurs co#2 classiques. Malgre des difficultes experimentales liees au materiel specifique, des resultats significatifs ont ete obtenus nous avons pu simuler des courbes d'etalonnage pr=f(pco#2) a partir de graphes pr=f(d)

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Dixit, Onkar. "Upgrading Biogas to Biomethane Using Absorption." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-189059.

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Questions that were answered in the dissertation: Which process is suitable to desulphurize biogas knowing that chemical absorption will be used to separate CO2? Which absorption solvent is suitable to separate CO2 from concentrated gases such as biogas at atmospheric pressure? What properties of the selected solvent, namely aqueous diglycolamine (DGA), are already known? How to determine solvent properties such as equilibrium CO2 solubility under absorption and desorption conditions using simple, but robust apparatuses? What values do solvent properties such as density, viscosity and surface tension take at various DGA contents and CO2 loadings? How do primary alkanolamine content and CO2 loading influence solvent properties? What is the optimal DGA content in the solvent? What is the optimal desorption temperature at atmospheric pressure? How can equilibrium CO2 solubility in aqueous DGA solvents be simulated? What is the uncertainty in the results? How to debottleneck an absorber and increase its gas-treating capacity? How to determine the optimal lean loading of the absorption solvent? What are the characteristics of the absorption process that uses aqueous DGA as the solvent to separate CO2 from biogas and is more energy efficient and safer than the state-of-the-art processes? How to quantitatively compare the hazards of absorption solvents? What is the disposition of the German population towards hazards from biogas plants? What are the favourable and adverse environmental impacts of biomethane?
Fragen, die in der Dissertation beantwortet wurden: Welches Verfahren ist zur Entschwefelung von Biogas geeignet, wenn die chemische Absorption zur CO2-Abtrennung genutzt wird? Welches Absorptionsmittel ist geeignet, um CO2 aus konzentrierten Gasen, wie Biogas, bei atmosphärischem Druck abzutrennen? Welche Eigenschaften des ausgewählten Absorptionsmittels, wässriges Diglykolamin (DGA), sind bereits bekannt? Wie wird die CO2-Gleichgewichtsbeladung unter Absorptions- und Desorptionsbedingungen mit einfachen und robusten Laborapparaten bestimmt? Welche Werte nehmen die Absorptionsmitteleigenschaften wie Dichte, Viskosität und Oberflächenspannung bei verschiedenen DGA-Gehalten und CO2-Beladungen? Wie werden die Absorptionsmitteleigenschaften durch den Primäramin-Gehalt und die CO2-Beladung beeinflusst? Was ist der optimale DGA-Gehalt im Absorptionsmittel? Was ist die optimale Desorptionstemperatur bei atmosphärischem Druck? Wie wird die CO2-Gleichgewichtsbeladung im wässrigen DGA simuliert? Welche Ungenauigkeit ist zu erwarten? Wie wird eine Absorptionskolonne umgerüstet, um die Kapazität zu erweitern? Wie wird die optimale CO2-Beladung des Absorptionsmittels am Absorbereintritt (im unbeladenen Absorptionsmittel) bestimmt? Was sind die Prozesseigenschaften eines Absorptionsverfahrens, das wässriges DGA als Absorptionsmittel nutzt sowie energieeffizienter und sicherer als Verfahren auf dem Stand der Technik ist? Wie kann das Gefahrenpotenzial von Absorptionsmittel quantitativ verglichen werden? Wie werden Gefahren aus einer Biogasanlage durch die deutsche Bevölkerung wahrgenommen? Welche positive und negative Umweltauswirkung hat Biomethan?

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Li, Hailong. "Thermodynamic Properties of CO2 Mixtures and Their Applications in Advanced Power Cycles with CO2 Capture Processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9109.

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The thermodynamic properties of CO2-mixtures are essential for the design and operation of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) systems. A better understanding of the thermodynamic properties of CO2 mixtures could provide a scientific basis to define a proper guideline of CO2 purity and impure components for the CCS processes according to technical, safety and environmental requirements. However the available accurate experimental data cannot cover the whole operation conditions of CCS processes. In order to overcome the shortage of experimental data, theoretical estimation and modelling are used as a supplemental approach. In this thesis, the available experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of CO2 mixtures were first collected, and their applicability and gaps for theoretical model verification and calibration were also determined according to the required thermodynamic properties and operation conditions of CCS. Then in order to provide recommendations concerning calculation methods for engineering design of CCS, totally eight equations of state (EOS) were evaluated for the calculations about vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) and density of CO2-mixtures, including N2, O2, SO2, Ar, H2S and CH4. With the identified equations of state, the preliminary assessment of impurity impacts was further conducted regarding the thermodynamic properties of CO2-mixtures and different processes involved in CCS system. Results show that the increment of the mole fraction of non-condensable gases would make purification, compression and condensation more difficult. Comparatively N2 can be separated more easily from the CO2-mixtures than O2 and Ar. And a lower CO2 recovery rate is expected for the physical separation of CO2/N2 under the same separation conditions. In addition, the evaluations about the acceptable concentration of non-condensable impurities show that the transport conditions in vessels are more sensitive to the non-condensable impurities and it requires very low concentration of non-condensable impurities in order to avoid two-phase problems. Meanwhile, the performances of evaporative gas turbine integrated with different CO2 capture technologies were investigated from both technical and economical aspects. It is concluded that the evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) cycle with chemical absorption capture has a smaller penalty on electrical efficiency, while a lower CO2 capture ratio than the EvGT cycle with O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture. Therefore, although EvGT + chemical absorption has a higher annual cost, it has a lower cost of electricity because of its higher efficiency. However considering its lower CO2 capture ratio, EvGT + chemical absorption has a higher cost to avoid 1 ton CO2. In addition the efficiency of EvGT + chemical absorption can be increased by optimizing Water/Air ratio, increasing the operating pressure of stripper and adding a flue gas condenser condensing out the excessive water.
QC 20100819

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Ho, Minh Trang Thi Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566.

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Australia is recognising that carbon capture and storage (CCS) may be a feasible pathway for addressing increasing levels of CO2 emissions. This thesis presents a preliminary economic assessment and comparison of the capture costs for different Australian CO2 emission sources. The capture technologies evaluated include solvent absorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), gas separation membranes and low temperature separation. The capture cost estimated for hydrogen production, IGCC power plants and natural gas processing is less than A$30/tonne CO2 avoided. CO2 capture cost for iron production ranges from A$30 to A$40 per tonne CO2 avoided. Higher costs of A$40 to over A$80 per tonne CO2 avoided were estimated for flue gas streams from pulverised coal and NGCC power plants, oil refineries and cement facilities, and IDGCC synthesis gas. Based on 2004 and 2005 EU ETS carbon prices (A$30 to A$45 per tonne CO2 avoided), the cost of capture using current commercially available absorption technology may deter wide-scale implementation of CCS, in particular for combustion processes. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to explore the opportunities for reducing costs. The high cost for capture using solvent absorption is dependent on the energy needed for solvent regeneration and the high capital costs. Cost reductions can be achieved by using new low regeneration energy solvents coupled with recycling the waste heat from the absorption process back to the steam cycle, and using low cost ???fit-for-purpose??? equipment. For membrane and PSA technologies, the capture costs are dominated by the flue gas and post-capture compressors. Operating the permeate or desorption stream under vacuum conditions provides significant cost reductions. Improvements in membrane and adsorbent characteristics such as the adsorbent loading or membrane permeability, CO2 selectivity, and lower prices for the membrane or adsorbent material provide further cost benefits. For low partial pressure CO2 streams, capture using low temperature ???anti-sublimation??? separation can be an alternative option. Low costs could be achieved by operating under low pressures and integrating with external sources of waste heat. Applying the cost reductions achievable with technology and process improvements reduces the capture and CCS costs to a level less than current carbon prices, making CCS an attractive mitigation option.

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Dergal, Fatiha. "Captage du CO2 par les amines demixantes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10211.

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Actuellement, le captage du CO2 par lavage aux amines est la technique la plus avancée et la plus adaptée pour répondre au besoin de tous les types d'installations industrielles émettrices de CO2. Cependant, cette technique présente un certains nombre de problèmes. Le problème principal est la forte énergie associée à la régénération du solvant qui rend le procédé de captage très couteux. Afin de réduire ce coût, différents procédés en rupture ont été étudiés dans le cadre du FUI « ACACIA » regroupant plusieurs entreprises (IFPEN, RHODIA/SOLVAY, ARKEMA, LAFARGE, Gaz de France, VEOLIA) et quatre laboratoires académiques (LMOPS, LSA, LTIM (ex-LTSP), IRCELyon): - Captage par formation d'hydrates de gaz . - Utilisation d'enzymes conduisant à des procédés moins énergivores. - Utilisation de « multiamines » en vue d'accroitre la quantité de CO2 absorbé ou d'amines « démixantes » permettant de régénérer uniquement la phase riche en CO2 (d'où minimisation de l'énergie de régénération). Notre contribution à ce consortium a été l'étude de sept amines ou multiamines démixantes : - Trois amines commerciales (la N-Méthylpipéridine, la 2-Méthylpipéridine et la molécule A). - Quatre « multiamines » de structures confidentielles synthétisées par LMOPS représentées par les sigles B, D, E, F. Le phénomène de démixtion est influencé par de nombreux facteurs tels que la température, le taux de charge et la concentration en amine de la solution. La compréhension et l'explication de ce phénomène est l'un des objectifs de cette thèse. La donnée essentielle qui permet d'évaluer les performances potentielles d'une solution absorbante est l'isotherme d'absorption du CO2. Nous avons déterminé ces isothermes aux températures proches de l'absorbeur et du régénérateur (respectivement 40°C et 80°C) pour différentes concentrations en amine (26%, 30%, 50% et 66%) et pour des pressions en CO2 variant entre 10 kPa et 200 kPa. La modélisation thermodynamique des isothermes d'absorption permet de déduire les paramètres opératoires importants du procédé qui mettraiten ouvre ces amines (capacité cyclique, enthalpie moyenne de réaction, débit de solvant…etc.) permettant ainsi le dimensionnement de l'unité d'absorption et l'estimation de sa consommation énergétique. L'étude expérimentale a été complétée par la détermination des équilibres liquide-vapeur des amines pures et des différentes solutions aqueuses d'amines au moyen de la méthode statique. Ces données permettent de prévoir les pertes possibles en amine dans le régénérateur donc le coût des appoints dans le procédé. Parmi les sept amines étudiées, l'amine nommée « F » est un bon candidat pour une application industrielle économe en énergie (bonne capacité d'absorption, faible énergie de régénération, faible volatilité)
Nowadays, CO2 capture by amines solvents is the most advanced technology to reduce CO2 industrial emissions. However, this technology presents some concerns. The major problem of this process, using monoethanolamine (MEA), is the high energy needed to regenerate the solvent and makes the process of CO2 capture very expensive. In order to reduce the high cost associated to the energy of regeneration, various breakthrough processes have been studied within the framework of FUI «ACACIA» which include several companies (IFPEN, RHODIA/SOLVAY, ARKEMA, LAFARGE, Gas of France, VEOLIA) and four academic laboratories (LMOPS, LSA, LTIM (ex-LTSP), IRCELyon): - CO2 Capture with gas hydrate formation. - Use of enzymes leading to process of less energy-consuming. - Use of multiamines to increase the quantity of CO2 absorbed or demixing amines which only allow the regeneration of the rich phase in CO2 (low cost for regeneration energy). Our contribution into the consortium has been the study of seven demixing amines or multiamines: - Three commercial amines (the N-Methylpiperidine, 2-Methylpiperidine and the molecule A). - Four « multiamines » with confidentiel structures synthesized by LMOPS and denoted by the initials B, D, E, F. The demixing phenomenon is influenced by many factors such as temperature, the loading of the acid gas and the amine concentration of the solution. The understanding of this phenomenon is one of the objectives of this thesis. The essential data to estimate the potentials efficiency of solvent to capture CO2 is the isotherm of absorption. We have determined these isotherms at temperatures close to the absorber and regenerator units (respectively 40°C and 80°C) at different concentrations of amine ((26%, 30%, 50% and 66%) and pressures of CO2varying between 10 kPa et 200 kPa. The thermodynamic modelling of the isotherms of absorption allows to deduce important operating parameters of the process (cyclic capacity, average enthalpy of reaction, solvent flow...) and to dimension the absorption unit and to estimate its energy consumption. The experimental study has been completed by the determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium of pure amines and of different aqueous solutions of amines with the static method. These data allow anticipating the possible loss in amine in the regenerator. Among the studied amines, the one denoted with the initial « F » is a potential candidate for an industrial application energy-efficient (good CO2 absorption capacity, low regeneration energy, low volatility)

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Jönsson, Yvette, and Erik Magnusson. "New Possibilities with Old Technique : a Feasibility Study of Absorption Cooling in Örebro District Cooling Network." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11209.

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E.ON Värme in Örebro produces electricity and delivers heat and cooling to customers in the region. The Åby Plant operates as a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and runs mostly on different biofuels. A new boiler and turbine is projected for the plant and will start operating fully during year 2012. This creates new possibilities for the existing small scale district cooling production. The number of cooling subscribers is today low and the power output is approximately 7.7 MW but has a great potential of growing in the future. Higher electricity prices, due to the deregulated electricity market and growing environmental concerns motivate the use of district cooling. Cooling production at E.ON Värme in Örebro today comes from modified heat pumps with low efficiency and free cooling. The idea is to replace the heat pumps with either new compression cooling machines, absorption cooling machines (ACM) or a mixture of both. This thesis analyzes possible benefits with the use of heat driven cooling i.e. absorption cooling compared with conventional compression cooling.

Excess heat from electricity generation in CHP plants is often a problem during the warm period of the year. Normally most of the heat is distributed to industries and households for heating. However, during the summer, the demand for district heating is low which constrain electricity production. The absorption technique utilizes heat as fuel and increases electricity generation during warm periods. This together with a decrease in electricity consumption has positive effects on the environment since it reduces electricity produced in plants controlling margin production. Those plants are most often coal condense plants with high emissions of fossil CO2.

Most scientists believe that CO2 emissions from human activities are the main cause to the increasing greenhouse effect. The importance of reducing CO2 emissions is therefore high and is one of the motives for district cooling based on ACM that replaces small local electricity driven chillers. Since the Åby plant uses mostly biofuels the contribution of fossil CO2 is low.

ACM utilizes heat as fuel, therefore the positive effects related to ACM are fairly obvious when the electricity price and the demand for cooling are high. To analyze and optimize the energy system in Örebro, a model was created in the program MODEST, which is software developed at Linköping Institute of Technology. Optimizations with different cooling demands and electricity prices have been made. The cooling production mix is split up in two scenarios, a visionary scenario where no restrictions are considered and a restricted scenario with restricted ACM capacity. The results have been gathered and analyzed and supports the common statements about absorption cooling.

A simulation of the visionary scenario with unrestricted ACM capacity together with the highest cooling demand (20 MW) and the highest electricity prices (European prices), gave an annual decrease in global CO2 emissions of 9 400 tonnes compared to a scenario with only compression cooling machines. Furthermore, the system running cost was almost 9 MSEK lower on an annual basis. In the restricted scenario, a pay-off analysis shows that the additional costs due to ACM is covered by the lower system cost in less than 3 years when the electricity prices are as forecasted for 2012-2015. All the simulations where absorption cooling was a part of the energy system gave positive results both from an economical and environmental point of view.

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Aït-Ameur, Nadira. "Contribution à la quantification du CO2 anthropique en mer Méditerranée et en mer de Ross." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0777.

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Pour contribuer à une meilleure connaissance du rôle des océans dans la séquestration de l’excès de CO2 atmosphérique (CO2 anthropique), nous avons quantifié ce dernier en mer de Ross et en Méditerranée. En mer de Ross, les concentrations en CO2 anthropique dans les eaux du plateau (500-800m) sont de 28 ± 2 µmol/kg et, dans les eaux de fond (1500-1800m), de 7 ± 2 µmol/kg. En 150 ans les eaux du plateau ont séquestré en moyenne 8,57. 10-4 ± 3. 10-4 GtC/an, ce qui représente près de 4% du CO2 anthropique séquestré par l’ensemble de l’océan Austral. Les eaux du plateau circulant le long de la pente continentale entraînent 38% de ce CO2 vers les eaux de fond (1800m), contribuant ainsi à sa séquestration à long terme. Dans le bassin nord ouest de la Méditerranée, les eaux intermédiaires et profondes sont plus riches en CO2 anthropique avec une moyenne de 64,4 ± 5 µmol/kg dans les eaux intermédiaires et de 72,6 ± 5 µmol/kg dans les eaux profondes. La modification de la circulation des eaux dans le bassin est (EMT, Eastern Mediterranean Transient) a appauvri les eaux intermédiaires en CO2 anthropique (-8 µmol/kg en 10 ans). Dans le golfe du Lion, les apports du Rhône influencent la distribution de la fCO2 et les échanges air-mer en CO2. Au terme des 4 mois d’investigation le golfe du Lion apparaît, en moyenne, comme une faible source de CO2 pour l’atmosphère, avec un flux net de + 17,7 mmol/m2/jour. En mer de Ross comme en mer Méditerranée, la circulation des masses d’eau est le principal processus impliqué dans la séquestration du CO2 anthropique à long terme : en raison de la formation des eaux profondes et de leur export en profondeur vers la circulation globale pour la mer de Ross ; en raison du temps de résidence des eaux et des échanges au détroit de Gibraltar pour la Méditerranée. La proportion de CO2 anthropique dans le flux de carbone total exporté vers l’océan Atlantique est de 4,8% (0,03 à 0,06 GtC/an). La Méditerranée est ainsi un bassin de concentration et une source de CO2 anthropique pour l’océan Atlantique
In order to improve our understanding of the role of the ocean in the uptake of excess CO2, we estimate the anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Ross Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea. In the Ross Sea the different water masses are invaded by anthropogenic CO2 with a mean concentration of 28 ± 2 µmol/kg in the shelf waters (500-800m) and 7 ± 2 µmol/kg in the deep waters (1500-1800m). Since the beginning of the industrialisation the waters stored 8. 57 10-4 ± 3 10-4 GtC/year which represent approximately 4% of the Austral ocean uptake. The shelf water circulation on the shelf break provides approximately 38% the anthropogenic CO2 to the deep water contributing to its long term storage. In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the intermediate (400-800m) and deep waters (2000m) are characterized by high anthropogenic carbon concentrations with a mean of 64. 4 ± 4 µmol/kg in the intermediate waters and 72. 6 ± 5 µmol/kg in the deep waters. The modification of the circulation that affected the eastern basin (EMT, Eastern Mediterranean Transient) seems to affect also the anthropogenic CO2 storage in the western basin leading to a decrease of 8 µmol/kg in the intermediate water over the last decade. In the gulf of Lion the distribution of fCO2 and the air-sea CO2 exchange are influenced by riverine (Rhone) input. During our investigation this area appears to be a slight source of CO2 for the atmosphere with a mean net flux of +17. 7 mmol/m2/day. In the Mediterranean Sea as in the Ross Sea, the formation of deep water and water circulation are the main processes involved in sequestration of anthropogenic CO2: the Ross Sea shelf water spreading to the deep ocean and the Mediterranean water residence time with its exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. The anthropogenic CO2 exported from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean represents up to 4. 8% (0. 03 to 0. 06 GtC/year) of the total CO2 exported. The Mediterranean Sea is thus a significant source of anthropogenic CO2 to the Atlantic Ocean. It seems to be a concentration basin where, as a consequence of their long residence time, the deep waters are enriched in anthropogenic CO2

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Oexmann, Jochen [Verfasser]. "Post-combustion CO2 capture : energetic evaluation of chemical absorption processes in coal-fired steam power plants / Jochen Oexmann." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der TU Hamburg-Harburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012653196/34.

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Schäffer, Anke [Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheffknecht. "Amine und Aminmischungen zur CO2-Absorption aus Kraftwerksrauchgasen und ihr Energiebedarf zur Regeneration / Anke Schäffer. Betreuer: Günter Scheffknecht." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048327574/34.

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41

Lu, Yuexia. "Experimental Studies on CO₂ Absorption in Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9617.

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Membrane gas absorption technology is considered as one of the promising alternatives to conventional techniques for CO₂ separation from the flue gas of fossil fuels combustion. As a hybrid approach of chemical absorption and membrane separation, it may offer a number of important features, including operational flexibility, compact structure, linear scale up and predictable performance. The main challenge is the additional membrane mass transfer resistance, especially when this resistance increases due to the absorbent intruding into the membrane pores.

In this thesis, the experimental was set up to investigate how the operating parameters affect the absorption performance when using absorbent in hollow fiber contactor, and to obtain the optimal range of operation parameters for the designated membrane gas absorption system . During 20 days’ continuous experiment, we observed that the CO₂ mass transfer rate decreases significantly following the operating time, which is attributed to the increase of membrane mass transfer resistance resulting from partial membrane wetting.

To better understand the wetting evolution mechanism, the immersion experiments were carried out to assume that the membrane fibers immersed in the absorbents would undergo similar exposure as those used in the membrane contactor. Various membrane characterization methods were used to illustrate the wetting process before and after the membrane fibers were exposed to the absorbents. The characterization results showed that the absorbent molecules diffuse into the polypropylene (PP) polymer during the contact with the membrane, resulting in the swelling of the membrane. In addition, the effects of operating parameters such as immersion time, CO₂ loading, as well as absorbent type on the membrane wetting were investigated in detail. Finally, based on the analysis results, methods to smooth the membrane wetting were discussed. It was suggested that improving the hydrophobicity of PP membrane by surface modification may be an effective way to improve the membrane long-term performance.

Modification of the polypropylene membrane by depositing a rough layer of PP was carried out in order to improve the non-wettability of membrane. The comparison of long-term CO₂ absorption performance by PP membranes before and after modification proves that the modified polypropylene membranes retained higher hydrophobicity than the untreated polypropylene membrane. Therefore modification is likely to be more suitable for use in membrane gas absorption contactors for CO₂ separation, particularly over long operation time.

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42

Du, Preez Louis Jacobus. "Reactive absorption kinetics of CO2 in alcoholic solutions of MEA: fundamental knowledge for determining effective interfacial mass transfer area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86656.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The reactive absorption rate of CO2 into non-aqueous solvents containing the primary amine, mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is recognised as a suitable method for measuring the effective interfacial mass transfer area of separation column internals such as random and structured packing. Currently, this method is used under conditions where the concentration of MEA in the liquid film is unaffected by the reaction and the liquid phase reaction is, therefore, assumed to obey pseudo first order kinetics with respect to CO2. Under pseudo first order conditions, the effect of surface depletion and renewal rates are not accounted for. Previous research indicated that the effective area available for mass transfer is also dependent upon the rate of surface renewal achieved within the liquid film. In order to study the effect of surface depletion and renewal rates on the effective area, a method utilising a fast reaction with appreciable depletion of the liquid phase reagent is required. The homogeneous liquid phase reaction kinetics of CO2 with MEA n-Propanol as alcoholic solvent was investigated in this study. A novel, in-situ Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) method of analysis was developed to collect real time concentration data from reaction initiation to equilibrium. The reaction was studied in a semi-batch reactor set-up at ambient conditions (T = 25°C, 30°C and 35°C, P = 1 atm (abs)). The concentration ranges investigated were [MEA]:[CO2] = 5:1 and 10:1. The concentration range investigated represents conditions of significant MEA conversion. The reaction kinetic study confirmed the findings of previous research that the reaction of CO2 with MEA is best described by the zwitterion reactive intermediate reaction mechanism. Power rate law and pseudo steady state hypothesis kinetic models (proposed in literature) were found to be insufficient at describing the reaction kinetics accurately. Two fundamentally derived rate expressions (based on the zwitterion reaction mechanism) provided a good quality model fit of the experimental data for the conditions investigated. The rate constants of the full fundamental model were independent of concentration and showed an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The shortened fundamental model rate constants showed a possible concentration dependence, which raises doubt about its applicability. The specific absorption rates (mol/m2.s) of CO2 into solutions of MEA/n-Propanol (0.2 M and 0.08 M, T = 25°C and 30°C, P = ±103 kPa) were investigated on a wetted wall experimental setup. The experimental conditions were designed for a fast reaction in the liquid film to occur with a degree of depletion of MEA in the liquid film. Both interfacial depletion and renewal of MEA may be considered to occur. The gas phase resistance to mass transfer was determined to be negligible. An increase in liquid turbulence caused an increase in the specific absorption rate of CO2 which indicated that an increase in liquid turbulence causes an increase in effective mass transfer area. Image analysis of the wetted wall gas-liquid interface confirmed the increase in wave motion on the surface with an increase in liquid turbulence. The increase in wave motion causes an increase in both interfacial and effective area. A numerical solution strategy based on a concentration diffusion equation incorporating the fundamentally derived rate expressions of this study is proposed for calculating the effective area under conditions where surface depletion and renewal rates are significant. It is recommended that the reaction kinetics of CO2 with MEA in solvents of varying liquid properties is determined and the numerical technique proposed in this study used to calculate effective area from absorption rates into these liquids. From the absorption data an effective area correlation as a function of liquid properties may be derived in future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die reaktiewe absorpsie van CO2 in nie-waterige oplossings van die primêre amien, monoetanolamien (MEA) word erken as ‘n geskikte metode om die effektiewe massaoordragsarea van gepakte skeidingskolomme te bepaal. Tans word die metode gebruik onder vinnige pseudo eerste orde reaksietoestande met betrekking tot CO2. Die pseudo eersteorde aanname beteken dat die konsentrasie van MEA in die vloeistoffilm onbeduidend beïnvloed word deur die reaksie en effektief konstant bly. Onder pseudo eerste orde toestande word oppervlakverarming- en oppervlakvernuwingseffekte nie in ag geneem nie, juis as gevolg van die konstante konsentrasie van MEA in die vloeistoffilm. Daar is voorheen bevind dat oppervlakverarming en oppervlakvernuwing ‘n beduidende invloed het op die beskikbare effektiewe massaoordragsarea. Hierdie invloed kan slegs bestudeer word met ‘n vinnige reaksie in die vloeistoffilm wat gepaard gaan met beduidende oppervlakverarming van die vloeistoffase reagens. Die homogene vloeistoffase reaksiekinetika van CO2 met MEA in die alkohol oplosmiddel, n- Propanol, is in hierdie studie ondersoek. ‘n Nuwe, in-situ Fourier Transform Infra-Rooi (FTIR) metode van analiese is ontwikkel in hierdie ondersoek. Die reaksie is ondersoek in ‘n semienkelladings reaktor met MEA wat gevoer is tot die reaktor om met die opgeloste CO2 te reageer. Die FTIR metode meet spesiekonsentrasie as ‘n funksie van tyd sodat die konsentrasieprofiele van CO2, MEA en een van die soutprodukte van die reaksie gebruik kan word om verskillende reaksiesnelheidsvergelykings te modelleer. Die reaksie is ondersoek onder matige toestande (T = 25°C, 30°C and 35°C, P = 1 atm (abs)). Die konsentrasiebereik van die ondersoek was [MEA]:[CO2] = 5:1 en 10:1. Hierdie bereik is spesifiek gebruik sodat daar beduidende omsetting van MEA kon plaasvind. Die reaksiekinetieka studie het, ter ondersteuning van bestaande teorie, bevind dat die reaksie van CO2 met MEA in nie-waterige oplosmiddels soos alkohole, beskyf word deur ‘n zwitterioon reaksiemeganisme. Die bestaande reaksiesnelheids modelle (eksponensiële wet en pseudo gestadigde toestand hipotese) kon nie die eksperimentele data met genoegsame akuraatheid beskryf nie. Twee nuwe reaksiesnelheidsvergelykings, afgelei vanaf eerste beginsels en gebaseer op die zwitterioon meganisme, word voorgestel. Hierdie volle fundamentele model het goeie passings op die eksperimentele data getoon oor die volledige temperatuur en konsentrasiebereik van hierdie studie. Die reaksiekonstantes van die fundamentele model was onafhanklik van konsentrasie en tipe oplosmiddel en het ‘n Arrhenius temperatuurafhanklikheid. Die verkorte fundamentele model se reaksiekonstantes het ‘n moontlike konsentrasieafhanlikheid gewys. Dit plaas onsekerheid op die fundamentele basis van hierdie model en kan dus slegs as ‘n eerste benadering beskou word. Die spesifieke absorpsietempos (mol/m2.s) van CO2 in MEA/n-Propanol oplossings (0.2 M en 0.08 M MEA, T = 25°C and 30°C, P = ±103 kPa) is ondersoek met ‘n benatte wand (‘wetted wall’) eksperimentele opstelling. Die eksperimentele toestande is gekies sodat daar ‘n vinnige reaksie in die vloeistoffilm plaasgevind het, met beide beduidende en nie-beduidende MEA omsetting. Die doel met hierdie eksperimentele ontwerp was om die invloed van intervlakverarming en intervlakvernuwing op die spesifieke absorpsietempo te ondersoek. Gas fase weerstand was nie-beduidend onder die eksperimentele toestande nie. Beide intervlakverarming en intervlakvernuwing gebeur gelyktydig en is waargeneem vanuit die eksperimentele data. ‘n Beeldverwerkingstudie van die gas-vloeistof intervlak van die benatte wand het bevind dat daar ‘n toename in golfaksie op die vloeistof oppervlak is vir ‘n toename in vloeistof turbulensie. Hierdie golfaksie dra by tot oppervlakvernuwing en ‘n toename in effektiewe massaoordragsarea. ‘n Numeriese metode word voorgestel om die effektiewe area van beide die benatte wand en gepakte kolomme te bepaal vanaf reaktiewe absorpsietempos. Die metode gebruik die fundamentele reaksiesnelheidsvergelykings, bepaal in hierdie studie, in a konsentrasie diffusievergelyking sodat oppervlakverarming en vernuwing in ag geneem kan word. Daar word voorgestel dat die reaksiekinetika van CO2 met MEA in oplossings met verskillende fisiese eienskappe (digtheid, oppervlakspanning en viskositeit) bepaal word sodat die numeriese metode gebruik kan word om ‘n effektiewe area korrelasie as ‘n funksie van hierdie eienskappe te bepaal.

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43

Lu, Yuexia. "Experimental Studies on CO2 Capture Using Absorbent in a Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12320.

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In recent years, membrane gas absorption technology has been considered as one of the promising alternatives to conventional techniques for CO2 capture due to its favorable mass transfer performance. As a hybrid approach of chemical absorption and membrane separation, it exhibits a number of advantages, such as operational flexibility, compact structure, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, linear scale up, modularity and predictable performance. One of the main challenges of membrane gas absorption technology is the membrane wetting by absorbent over prolonged operating time, which may significantly decrease the mass transfer coefficients of the membrane module. In this thesis, the experimental was set up to investigate the dependency of CO2 removal efficiency and mass transfer rate on various operating parameters, such as the gas and liquid flow rates, absorbent type and concentration and volume fraction CO2 at the feed gas inlet. In addition, the simultaneous removal of SO2 and CO2 was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous desulphurization and decarbonization in the same membrane contactor. During 14 days of continuous operation, it was observed that the CO2 mass transfer rate decreased significantly following the operating time, which was attributed to partial membrane wetting. To better understand the wetting mechanism of membrane pores during their prolonged contact with absorbents, immersion experiments for up to 90 days were carried out. Various membrane characterization methods were used to illustrate the wetting process before and after the membrane fibers were exposed to the absorbents. The characterization results showed that the absorbent molecules diffused into the polypropylene polymer during the contact with the membrane, resulting in the swelling of the membrane. In addition, the effects of operating parameters such as immersion time and absorbent type on the membrane wetting were investigated in detail. Finally, based on the analysis results, methods to smooth the membrane wetting were discussed. It was suggested that improving the hydrophobicity of polypropylene membrane by surface modification may be an effective way to improve the long-term operating performance of membrane contactors. Therefore, the polypropylene hollow fibers were modified by depositing a thin superhydrophobic coating on the membrane surface to improve their hydrophobicity. The mixture of cyclohexanone and methylethyl ketone was considered as the best non-solvent to achieve the fiber surface with good homogeneity and acceptably high hydrophobicity. In the long-period operation, the modified membrane contactor exhibited more stable and efficient performance than the untreated one. Hence, surface treatment provides a feasibility of improving the system stability for CO2 capture from the view of long-term operation.
En av de tekniker som under senare framhållits som ett lovande alternativ till konventionell CO2-avskiljning är membran-gas-absorptionstekniken på grund av god prestanda vad gäller masstransport. Det blandade angreppssättet med både kemisk absorption och membranseparation har en rad fördelar, såsom driftflexibilitet, kompakt konstruktion, högt yt-volymsförhållande, linjär uppskalning, modularitet och förutsägbar prestanda. En av de viktigaste utmaningarna för membran-gas-absorptionstekniken är vätningen av membranet med absorbenten under långa drifttider, vilket väsentligt kan minska membranmodulens masstransportkoefficienter. I avhandlingen har en rad olika driftparametrars påverkan på CO2-reningsgraden och massöverföringshastigheten undersökts. Driftparametrar inkluderar gas- och vätskeflöden, typ av absorbent och koncentration och volymfraktion av CO2 vid gasinloppet. Avskiljning av SO2 och CO2 har dessutom undersökts för att utvärdera möjligheten att samtidigt, i samma membranenhet, avlägsna svavel och kol. Under 14 dagars kontinuerlig drift konstaterades det att massöverföringshastigheten för CO2 minskade avsevärt med drifttiden, vilket hänfördes till partiell vätning av membranet. För att bättre förstå mekanismerna för vätning av membranporer under långvarig kontakt med absorbenter genomfördes doppningsexperiment i upp till 90 dagar. Olika metoder för karakterisering av membran användes för att illustrera vätningsprocessen före och efter det att membranfibrerna exponerades för absorbenterna. Resultaten av karakteriseringen visade att absorbentmolekylerna spreds in i polypropenpolymeren under kontakten med membranet, vilket ledde till att membranet svällde. Dessutom undersöktes effekterna av driftsparametrar såsom nedsänkningstid och typ av absorbent i detalj. Slutligen, på grundval av analysresultaten, diskuterades metoder för att underlätta vätningen av membran. Att förbättra polypropylenmembranets hydrofobicitet genom modifiering av ytan föreslogs kunna vara ett effektivt sätt att förbättra den långsiktiga driftprestandan för membranenheter. Därför modifierades de ihåliga fibrerna av polyproylen med ett tunt lager av en superhydrofob beläggning på membranets yta för att förbättra hydrofobiciteten. En blandning av cyklohexanon och metyletylketon ansågs vara det bästa icke-lösningsmedlet för att få en fiber yta med god homogenitet och acceptabelt hög hydrofobicitet. Under lång driftperiod, uppvisade den modifierade membranenheten stabilare och effektivare prestanda än den obehandlade. Därför erbjuder ytbehandling en möjlighet till att förbättra systemets stabilitet för CO2-avskiljning när det gäller långsiktig drift.
VR-SIDA Swedish Research Links Programme

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Rascol, Eva. "Modélisation des transferts entre phases en présence de réactions chimiques : application à l'absorption réactive de CO2 et H2S par des mélanges d'alkanolamines." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT043G.

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Nous avons etudie plusieurs aspects concernants la modelisation de transfert de matiere multi constituants dans le cas de l'absorption reactive de co#2 et h#2s par un melange d'alkanolamines. Dans un premier temps, nous avons developpe un modele de calcul permettant d'etudier la phase reactionnelle du systeme chimique. L'etude s'est portee sur les schemas reactionnels, les modeles thermodynamiques et les modeles de transferts de matiere utilises. Les perspectives de ce modele sont nombreuses et concernent surtout l'optimisation des conditions operatoires utilisees par des procedes industriels. Nous avons, egalement, elabore une matrice de sensibilite permettant d'identifier les parametres clefs du systeme. Parmi les parametres etudies sont les constantes de cinetiques et d'equilibre, les flux des gaz acides, la temperature, les coefficients d'activite et le coefficient de transfert. Dans un deuxieme temps, un modele generique utilisable quelque soit le modele thermodynamique, le type de cinetique, les equilibres chimiques et le modele de calcul de flux de matiere a ete developpe. Ce modele repose sur la theorie du double film, l'interface etant a l'equilibre thermodynamique. Les equations regissant le transfert dans la colonne sont decrits sur deux niveaux : du film et de la colonne. L'originalite de ce modele reside dans la formulation des conditions limites des equations ecrites dans le film diffusionnel qui permet d'utiliser un integrateur type eda.

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Wierzbicki, Dominik. "New nano-oxide catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation reaction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS420.

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L’augmentation de la concentration de CO2 dans l'atmosphère, considérée comme l'une des sources anthropiques du réchauffement de la planète, suscite de plus en plus d'inquiétudes et une prise de conscience sociale face au changement climatique. Les stratégies de réduction des émissions de CO2 peuvent être divisées en deux groupes (i) capture et stockage du carbone (CCS) et (ii) capture et utilisation du carbone (CCU). En comparaison avec le CCS, les technologies CCU permettent de convertir le dioxyde de carbone en un produit valorisé. Ainsi, les méthodes CCU traitent le CO2 en tant que matière première et non en tant que polluant. Parmi les processus convertissant le CO2 en un composé valorisé, on trouve la méthanation du dioxyde de carbone. Dans ce processus, le dioxyde de carbone est hydrogéné en méthane à l’aide de l'hydrogène provenant de l’électrolyse de l'eau en utilisant par exemple des excès d'énergie. Il convient de mentionner qu’une installation à l’échelle industrielle existe déjà (jusqu’à 10 MW). La littérature suggère que le nickel est le métal actif le plus approprié dans ce procédé en raison de (i) sa très bonne activité catalytique (comparable aux métaux nobles), (ii) un faible coût et (iii) une grande disponibilité. Dans la littérature, différentes stratégies ont déjà été mises en œuvre afin d'accroître l'activité des catalyseurs à base de Ni lors de la méthanation du CO2. Les plus courants incluent l’utilisation de divers supports, la modification de la teneur en nickel ou l’introduction de promoteurs. De telles stratégies modifient les propriétés physicochimiques telles que l'interaction entre la phase active au nickel et le support, ce qui inhibe le frittage et augmente la capacité d'adsorption du CO2. Ces deux propriétés sont essentielles afin d’obtenir un catalyseur à la fois actif et sélectif pour la méthanation du CO2. L’application d’oxydes mixtes de magnésie et d’alumine permet d’introduire ces propriétés car le MgO possède un caractère basique et est fortement lié au NiO en raison de la formation d’une solution solide de NiO-MgO. Les hydrotalcites semblent être les matériaux les plus prometteurs pour une telle application car NiO, MgO et Al2O3 peuvent être facilement introduits dans ceux-ci. La littérature a confirmé que les hydrotalcites contenant du Ni sont très actifs dans cette réaction. L'objectif de cette thèse était donc d'évaluer les propriétés catalytiques d'oxydes mixtes dérivés d'hydrotalcite contenant du Ni lors de la méthanation du CO2. Comme la revue de littérature a montré qu'il y avait peu d'études sur de tels matériaux pour cette réaction, ces travaux ont servi à combler ces lacunes. Ces travaux peuvent être divisé en quatre parties : (i) évaluation des propriétés catalytiques d’hydrotalcites contenant diverses quantités de nickel dans des couches de type brucite, (ii) évaluation des propriétés catalytiques d’hydrotalcites contenant du nickel activées à l'aide de Fe ou de La, (iii) évaluation de l'effet de la méthode d'introduction de La sur les propriétés catalytiques des Ni-hydrotalcites et (iv) optimisation des catalyseurs et examen de l'effet promoteur de La. Afin de corréler les modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux préparés par co-précipitation, les catalyseurs ont été caractérisés par analyse élémentaire (ICP-MS ou XRF), DRX, IRTF, sorption de l’azote à basse température, H2-TPR et CO2-TPD. De plus, les catalyseurs sélectionnés ont été caractérisés par TEM, XANES et XES. Les tests catalytiques ont été effectués dans une plage de températures allant de 250°C à 450°C. Afin d'examiner l'effet de promotion de l'introduction du lanthane, les méthodes XANES et XES dans diverses conditions de réaction ont été mises en œuvre. (...)
The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which is considered to be one of the anthropogenic sources of global warming, increased concerns and social awareness about the climate change. The strategies for CO2 emissions reduction may be divided into (i) carbon capture and storage (CCS) and (ii) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) groups. In comparison to CCS, the CCU technologies allow to convert carbon dioxide into a valuable product. Thus, CCU methods are treating CO2 as raw material and not as pollutant. Among the processes that convert CO2 into a valuable compound is carbon dioxide methanation. In this process carbon dioxide is hydrogenated to methane with hydrogen supplied via water electrolysis using e.g. excess energy. It should be mentioned that some industrial scale installation already exists (up to 10MW). The literature study suggests that the most appropriate active metal in this process is nickel due to (i) very good catalytic activity (comparable to noble metals), (ii) low cost and (iii) availability. As reported in literature, different strategies were implemented in order to increase the activity of Ni-based catalysts in CO2 methanation. The most common ones include using various supports, changing the content of nickel or introduction of promoters. These strategies change the physicochemical properties, such as interaction of nickel active phase with the support, which inhibits sintering and increases the CO2 adsorption capacity. The latter property , as well as stability towards sintering, are crucial in order to obtain an active, selective and stable catalyst for CO2 methanation reaction. The application of mixed oxides of magnesia and alumina allows to introduce these properties, as MgO possesses basic character and is strongly bonded with NiO due to the formation of a solid solution of NiO-MgO. Hydrotalcites seem to be the highly promising materials for such application, because NiO, MgO and Al2O3 may be easily introduced into such materials. Literature studies confirmed that Ni-containing hydrotalcites are very active in CO2 methanation. Therefore, the goal of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the catalytic properties of Ni-containing hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxide materials in CO2 methanation. As the literature review showed that there are not many studies focused on such materials in the mentioned field, this work was focused on filling these gaps. The work was divided into four parts: (i) evaluation of catalytic properties of hydrotalcites containing various amounts of nickel in brucite-like layers, (ii) evaluation of catalytic properties of nickel-containing hydrotalcites promoted with Fe or La, (iii) evaluation of the effect of different methods of introduction of La on catalytic properties of Ni-hydrotalcites, and (iv) optimization of the catalysts and examination of promoting effect of La. In order to correlate the changes of physico-chemical properties, of the materials prepared by co-precipitation, the catalysts were characterized by means of elemental analysis (ICP-MS or XRF), XRD, FTIR, low temperature nitrogen sorption, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD. Additionally, selected catalysts were characterized using TEM, XANES and XES. The catalytic tests were carried out in the temperature range from 250°C to 450°C. In order to elucidate the promoting effect of lanthanum introduction operando XANES and XES under various reaction conditions were implemented. (...)

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TAVARES, DENISE T. "Análise quantitativa de alcanolaminas e CO2 no processo de absorção química via espectroscopia no infravermelho." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26367.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T10:57:18Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Drevený, Lukáš. "Účinnost inverzních scrubberů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316455.

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The main aim of this Diploma thesis was to investigate a mass transfer of air pollutants to a liquid solution of NaOH, theoreticaly based on a film theory of diffusion in accordance with absorption experiments. The absoprtion experiments were provided by our own designed inverse scrubber in a semi production proportion. In a design phase of the inverese scrubber literaly and patent reviews were provided to inspect a background of the innovation. The experimental part firstly investigates a hydraulic properties of the most important inverse scrubber components and its connections and then the most suitable limits and pre-set preferences are designed for yielding an objective data relating to the mass transport study. Secondly, the absorption of carbon-dioxied (CO2) gas through a thin film of NaOH solution is investigated in a range of hundres of litres of liquid per hour. Then the efficiancy of absorption and the mass transport ratio is investigated. The goal of this study is to put forward the knowledge about the simpliest arrangement of the inverse scrubber in order to gain a satisfying mass transfer even in the full production proportion.

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Rey, Stéphanie. "Fractionnement du poly(oxyde d'éthylène) et du polystyrène avec le mélange supercritique universel CO2/éthanol : approche du comportement microscopique et thermodynamique de ces systèmes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007636.

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Deux polymères modèles de natures chimiques opposées, le poly(oxyde d'éthylène) et le polystyrène, ont été fractionnés par un mélange supercritique CO2/solvant (solvant : éthanol, acétone, tétrahydrofurane), en fonction de leurs masses molaires, à température constante et à pression variable. Les expériences de fractionnement ont été réalisées sur des échantillons linéaires et sur des polymères à architecture ou de structure chimique plus complexes (polymères en étoile, dendrimères, macrocycles, copolymères à blocs). La solubilité de ces polymères dans les mélanges supercritiques CO2/solvant ainsi que la sélectivité de ces milieux ont été évaluées. L'influence des paramètres, pression, température, nature chimique et quantité de solvant a été étudiée. Enfin, nous avons mené une étude spectroscopique afin de mieux comprendre l'organisation microscopique des systèmes polystyrène//CO2/éthanol. Parallèlement, une modélisation thermodynamique des équilibres de phases, par la méthode SAFT, a été initiée.

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Archane, Anas. "Etude de l'absorption des gaz acides dans des solvants mixtes : développement d'une approche expérimentale originale et modélisation des données par une équation d'état d'électrolytes." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1599.

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Le but du présent travail est la caractérisation des équilibres chimiques et des ELV pour les systèmes CO2/Diethanolamine(DEA)/H2O/MeOH et CO2 /Diethanolamine (DEA)/H2O/ PEG400. L'effet de composition du solvant physique sur l'absorption du CO2 a été étudié en utilisant quatre compositions (de 0% à 30% en masse d'alcool avec une composition fixe - 30% - de DEA), les mesures étant réalisées à une température de 298,15K et à divers taux de charge en CO2 (de 0 à 0,9). Les mesures expérimentales réalisées concernaient à la fois des données de solubilité et des donnée de spéciation. Ainsi, L'effet de composition de MeOH a été étudié en utilisant le dispositif expérimental original déjà utilisé pour l'analyse des systèmes Eau-DEA-CO2 (Sidi-Boumedine, 2003). Pour le système avec PEG 400, un nouvel dispositif expérimental permettant d'écarter la limitation de pression du précédent dispositif a été développé. La base de données originale obtenue comprenant des nouvelles données de solubilité et de composition de la phase liquide a permis la modélisation du système CO2/DEA/H2O/CH3OH en utilisant une équation d'état d'électrolyte développée au laboratoire (Fürst, 1993) représentant ainsi les propriétés d'équilibre du système que la spéciation en phase liquide
The aim of this study is the characterisation of VLE and chemical equilibria for the systems CO2/Diethanolamine-(DEA)/H2O/MeOH and CO2/Diethanolamine-(DEA)/H2O/PEG400. The effect of physical solvent composition on CO2 absorption has been studied using four compositions (from 0% to 30wt% of alcohol with a fixed composition-30%- of DEA), the measurement being made at T=298. 15K and at various CO2 loading (0 to 0. 9). The experimental measures concerned a both solubility data and liquid phase analysis was obtained. The effect of MeOH composition has been studied using the original experimental device developed previously (Sidi-Boumedine, 2003). For the system with PEG 400, a new experimental device excluding the pressure limitation of the precedent experimental device was developed. The original data base obtained, including the new solubility data and the liquid phase composition, allows the modelling of the system CO2/DEA/H2O/MeOH using an electrolyte equation of state (Fürst, 1993) representing the equilibrium properties of the system and the liquid phase speciation

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Jung, Kyung Sook. "CO₂ Separation and Regeneration Study From Power Plant Flue Gases With Reclaimed Mg(OH)₂." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1122333773.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Absorption du CO2'

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