Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Absorption de protéine'
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Garmy, Nicolas. "Interactions lipide-lipide et lipide-protéine dans les microdomaines membranaires. Rôle dans l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol et des sphingolipides, et dans la régulation de la sécrétion d'une protéine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30029.
Full textPlasma membrane microdomains are specialized zones enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, which are involved in the mechanisms of cellular communication and signal transduction. We have characterized the lipid-lipid interactions that stabilized lipid rafts by studying the interaction of cholesterol with sphingosine, which is the common backbone of sphingolipids. By using cellular models, we characterized the mechanisms involved in the transport of both lipids and demonstrated the existence of a mutual inhibitory effect of sphingosine and cholesterol on their intestinal absorption. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of a sphingolipid binding domain in a pancreatic enzyme. This domain allows the enzyme to remain in contact with membranes during its secretion pathway. The destabilization of this structural domain allowed for the first time to imply lipid rafts in the regulation of the secretion of a protein
Lipsker, Dan Michael. "Interactions de la protéine de stress hsp70 avec les cellules dendritiques humaines : Etude du trafic de certains antigènes de surface des cellules de Langerhans humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13044.
Full textBriand, Elisabeth. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'or et greffage de protéines pour l'élaboration d'un immunocapteur." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066013.
Full textBou, Haidar Naila. "Développement d’un pansement à libération contrôlée d’une protéine spécifique anti-biofilm bactérien. Application aux plaies chroniques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR087.
Full textBacterial biofilms are a major obstacle to the wound healing process. In addition, they are responsible for the emergence of resistance and tolerance to antibiotics. Hence, the development of controlled drug delivery systems targeting the bacterial biofilm appears as an urgent and essential alternative therapeutic approach for the effective management of chronic wound. In this work, we developed wound dressings in which a protein, dispersin B (DB), is released capable of selectively targeting the biofilm matrix, creating a deleterious microenvironment for the bacterial biofilm. To this end, we were interested in asymmetric membranes (AMs) from biodegradable polyesters such as the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), the poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and the polylactic acid. By the incorporation of hydrophilic porogen agents (PA), we were able to obtain AMs with a high level of porosity, exhibiting a porous interconnected network and oxygen and water vapor permeability. Using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, we demonstrated that protein loading and release from the PBSA AMs were affected by the membrane structure and the presence of residual PA. In vitro studies showed highest antibiofilm efficiency both in inhibition and dispersion (up to 80%). Normalized in vitro cytotoxicity standard assays revealed that unloaded and DB-loaded PBSA membranes met cytocompatibility criteria required for wound dressing applications
Schollier, Audrey. "Probing protein adsorption modes onto poly(ethylene glycol) brushes by neutron reflection." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209952.
Full textA clear understanding of the mechanism of protein adsorption onto polymer brushes is still missing. The first models describing the interactions of a polymer brush with adsorbing particles predicted two adsorption modes: primary adsorption at the grafting surface, and secondary adsorption at the outer edge of the brush (occurring for large cylindrical proteins). Primary adsorption can be repressed by increasing the grafting density of the brush, and secondary adsorption by increasing its thickness, in agreement with the experiments reported in the literature. But experimental evidences (a maximum in the adsorbed amount observed for long brushes) suggested then the existence of a third mode: ternary adsorption within the brush itself, due to attractive interactions between the protein and the brush. Standard techniques can in general only probe the total adsorbed amount. The aim of this work was to separate primary and ternary adsorption isotherms, by using neutron reflectivity and deuterated proteins. As neutrons interact differently with hydrogen and deuterium atoms, the contrast between the hydrogenated brush and the deuterated protein is high enough to separate the two contributions.
We studied the adsorption of deuterated myoglobin on PEG brushes with different degrees of polymerisation (N = 56, 146 and 770), and as a function of the area per grafted chain. The contribution of primary and ternary adsorption was separated for the different systems, and the adsorbed amount was extracted and the adsorption isotherms compared to the theoretical predictions. The ability to distinguish between the different adsorption modes, and the quantification of their relative contribution to the overall amount of adsorbed proteins, represents a major advance in optimising surface properties. In particular, the occurrence of ternary adsorption onto PEG brushes affects their status as tool for repressing protein adsorption.
L’adsorption de protéines aux interfaces a un rôle important pour certaines applications pharmaceutiques ou biotechnologiques. En effet, plusieurs processus indésirables sont liés à l’adsorption de protéines, par exemple l’encrassement de lentilles de contact, la coagulation dans des appareils contenant du sang, l’inflammation d’organes artificiels ou encore la diminution du temps de circulation dans le corps de protéines ou liposomes thérapeutiques. Certains polymères, tels que le polyéthylène glycol (PEG), sont utilisés pour réprimer l’adsorption de protéines :en greffant une brosse de PEG sur la surface, une couche est créée entre la protéine et celle-ci qui diminue, voire même réprime complètement l’adsorption. Comprendre le mécanisme qui entrave l’adsorption aux interfaces est un sujet de recherche actif, qui pourrait mener à des améliorations significatives dans la conception de biomatériaux.
À ce jour, la compréhension du mécanisme d’adsorption de protéines sur des brosses de polymère n’est pas claire. Les premiers modèles décrivant les interactions entre brosses de polymères et particules adsorbantes prédisaient deux modes d’adsorption :l’adsorption primaire sur la surface de greffage, et l’adsorption secondaire à l’extérieur de la brosse (pour les grandes protéines cylindriques uniquement). L’adsorption primaire peut-être réprimée en augmentant la densité de greffage de la brosse, et l’adsorption secondaire en augmentant son épaisseur, en accord avec les expériences reportées dans la littérature. Mais d’autres évidences expérimentales (un maximum dans la quantité adsorbée observé pour les brosses longues) ont ensuite suggéré l’existence d’un troisième mode :l’adsorption ternaire à l’intérieur même de la brosse, due aux interactions attractives entre la protéine et la brosse.
Les techniques standards peuvent en général mesurer la quantité adsorbée totale. Le but de ce travail était de séparer les isothermes d’adsorption primaire et ternaire, en utilisant la réflectivité de neutrons et des protéines deutérées. Comme les neutrons interagissent différemment avec les atomes d’hydrogène ou de deutérium, le contraste entre la brosse hydrogénée et la protéine deutérée est ainsi suffisant pour séparer les deux contributions.
Nous avons étudié l’adsorption de myoglobine deutérée sur des brosses de PEG avec différents degrés de polymérisation (N = 56, 146 and 770), en fonction de l’aire par chaîne Σ. La contribution des adsorptions primaire et ternaire put être séparée pour les différents systèmes, et les quantités adsorbées extraites pour finalement comparer les isothermes d’adsorption aux prédictions théoriques. La possibilité de distinguer les différents modes d’adsorption, et la quantification de leur contribution relative à la quantité totale de protéines adsorbées représente une avancée majeure dans l’optimisation des propriétés des surfaces. L’adsorption ternaire dans les brosses de PEG en particulier remet en question leur utilisation pour réprimer l’adsorption de protéines.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Harmel, Élodie. "Rôle et régulation de la protéine kinase AMPK au niveau intestinal." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934093.
Full textArfaoui, Mounir. "Étude structurale et électronique des sites de fixation de biomolécules par modélisation ab-initio de spectres d'absorption des rayons X." Paris 6, 2008. https://hal.science/tel-04469788.
Full textMetalloproteins use the chemical properties of their active site, a transition metal, to carry out a wide range of biological processes. A detailed description of the geometry around these sites is a prerequisite for understanding their mode of operation and ultimately synthesizing therapeutic molecules. The XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) is a spectroscopy capable of providing a fine local description around the absorbing atom. Using ab-initio modeling of XANES spectra, we show that it is possible to discriminate between structural models obtained by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. The calculation method based on density functional theory uses a plane wave basis. We applied it to analyze the iron site in different derivatives of myoglobin and the cobalt site in methyl-cobaloxime, a model compound for vitamin B12. Special attention is paid to the description of the electronic states involved in the chemical bond through the K pre-edge region of the metal
Bourinet, Laurent. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des complexes collecteurs de lumière des bactéries pourpres sulfureuses." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112050.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the physico-chemical properties of peripheral light-harvesting (LH2) complexes from purple sulphur bacteria. After culturing the bacteria and purifying their LH2 complexes I used a combination of spectroscopic techniques (circular and linear dichroism, room- and low-temperature electronic absorption and resonance Raman) in order to determine the electronic and vibrational properties of the complexes. These proteins possess marked differences with their homologues from purple non-sulphur bacteria. The LH2 from purple sulphur bacteria possess a certain number of properties that resemble core light-harvesting (LH1) complexes. This result is interesting because the structures of LH2s and LH1s, which are based on a similar construction, are different. These complexes are all formed by the association of dimers of membrane polypeptides, in the form of a ring. LH1 contains 16 dimers, whereas, the LH2 has 8 or 9. Therefore, the sizes of these proteins are very different. I demonstrated that the technique of freeze fracture, combined with electron microscopy, gives an estimation of the size of these complexes. With this methodology, I showed that the LH2 from Chromatium vinosum possesses an intermediate size (11/12 dimers) between previously studied LH1 and LH2 complexes. The discovery of this new form of dimer association opens up the way towards a better understanding of the factors that govern the quaternary structure of light-harvesting complexes
Georgopoulou, Uranie. "Aspects originaux de l'absorption intestinale des protéines chez les poissons téleostéens." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112196.
Full textThe epithelial cells of the posterior intestinal segment of Trout, a carnivorous species with a stomach and with a developmental cycle which does not include a larval phase, possess the ultrastructural characteristics resembling that of ileal cells of neonatal rat. For this one the absorption of proteins of colostrum and milk and their intracellular digestion arc related to the immunization during this phase of alimentation. This process disappears when peptic secretion begins. Ln the adult we show that cells of the posterior intestine absorb proteins like HRP and ferritin, which are found in the vacuolar system which is characteristic of these cells. Furthermore a capacity for intracellular protein digestion is strongly suggested by the visualization of a phosphatasic acid activity in the intracellular vacuolar system and the demonstration of a high catheptic activity which is characteristic of the posterior intestinal cells. Always in the adult we show by immunological methods, that cells absorb and digest the same protein (lgGH and HBSAg) and we visualize the essential lysosomal enzymes (cathepsins B and D) enabling this digestion to occurs. Ln the juvenile trout at the moment of the first feeding, the epithelial cells of the posterior intstine possess yet the characteristic ultrastructural differentiation, at the same time their catheptic activity increases. The phenomenon of macromolecular absorption is similar to that observed in adult, but the rates of penetration are superior. During the whole life of the animal the posterior intestine presents the ultrastructural and functional characteristics related to the intracellular absorption and digestion of proteins. The hypothesis emits by differents authors, limiting the eventuality of such a process only for teleost larval forms without a stornach, is not established. Furthermore we observed that a quantity of proteins (about 6% of the dose of ingested HRP) escapes from lysosomal degradation, reach the intercellular space, the intraepithelial lamina propina and general circulation. The immediate result of this passage is the beginning of a local immunological response with a considerable increase of the number of immunocompetents cells infiltrated between susceptible to produce specific agglutinating antibodies. Ln a carnivorous species, with a stornach, the rainbow Trout, we demonstrate that the posterior intestine assure two essential functions excluded a priori, nutritional and immune
Leccese, Silvia. "Interaction between Orange Carotenoid Protein and mesoporous silica : from spectroscopic investigations to photoactive nanodevices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS537.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of interactions between the Orange Carotenoid Protein and mesoporous silica SBA-15, aiming to the development of photoactive nano-devices. The photoactive Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is a protein involved in photo-protective responses in cyanobacteria. It induces the thermal dissipation of excess solar energy counteracting oxidative stress and photodamage. OCP consists of two structural domains sharing a non-covalently linked antioxidant carotenoid as a chromophore. Blue light induces photoactivation of OCP and its colour changes from orange to red. SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous) was chosen as an inorganic support for OCP aiming at the development of photochromic bio-compatible nanodevices. SBA-15 is a mesoporous silica matrix that has attracted much attention as host for immobilization of enzymes as well as drug delivery systems. The structural parameters of SBA-15, such as the diameter of pores, can be modified by tuning parameters of its synthesis. Furthermore, the ability to modify the surface properties of SBA-15 can provide higher protein immobilization capacity. In this work we have immobilized OCP on different kinds of raw and surface-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and we have structurally characterized the systems. SBA-15 matrices have demonstrated to be suitable supports for OCP, whose immobilization is strongly enhanced by the pre-photoactivation of the protein. OCP remains photoactive inside the mesoporous silica matrix, thereby producing photochromic nanoparticles. FTIR difference spectroscopy studies strongly suggest that the photoactivation mechanism is the same as in solution, and very similar for all the studied OCPs. Furthermore, under appropriate conditions, OCP can also be released from SBA-15 nanoparticles. Finally, we have developed photoactivable nanodevices with intensity-tuneable fluorescence based on OCP- and dye-loaded SBA-15 nanoparticles. More in details, we have immobilized synthetic cyanine dyes or natural fluorescent antioxidant flavonols on SBA-15, in presence of OCP. Blue light illumination was found to provide reversible quenching of red or green fluorescence under green or violet illumination, respectively. In addition, SBA-15 act not only as a biocompatible scaffold, but also as a protecting agent against aging of the developed nanodevices
Lair, Virginie. "Organisation et agrégats dans les sels fondus à température ambiante : relations structure/réactivité : applications à la chimie du vivant." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066175.
Full textLe, Bacquer Olivier. "Effets trophiques de la glutamine : études in vivo chez le nouveau-né prématuré et in vitro sur un modèle d'entérocytes humains en culture." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT18VS.
Full textAnimal and human studies suggest that glutamine supply may enhance whole body protein synthesis stimulation and improve gut trophicity during critical illness. The mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. This work combines an in vivo study in very-low-birth-weight infants with two in vitro studies using the Caco-2 cell line as a model of human enterocytes in culture. Our results show that 1) in parenterally fed preterm, a 24h glutamine supplementation decreases whole body protein synthesis, but may have an acute protein-sparing effect, as it suppresses protein breakdown and oxidation; 2) we also demonstrate that glutamine deprivation impairs protein synthesis in a model of enterocytes. Finally, 3) apical nutrient deprivation, a model of fasting, impairs protein synthesis, depletes glutathione pool, and increases transepithelial permeability. Most of these parameters are restored by glutamine supplementation, probably through glutamine utilization as a source of energy. Taken together, these findings suggest that glutamine may improve protein accretion in preterm infants through an anti-catabolic effect, and regulate gut barrier function by stimulating intestinal protein synthesis
Robert, Marie. "Développement d'hydrolysats pour l'alimentation des animaux d'aquaculture : caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2050.
Full textGlobal production of farmed fish and shrimp has grown dramatically over the past decades and now contributes to half of the aquatic products intended for human consumption. Aquaculture is a key sector for the maintenance and improvement of food security worldwide. However, its rapid growth has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on the stocks of wild fish used to produce aqua feed. In this context, aqua feed has dramatically evolved and has been adapted to many economic and environmental constraints. The use of fishmeal has particularly declined in favor of plant protein sources. But plant proteins are less adapted to the nutritional needs of fish and result in lower growth performances. Protein hydrolysates from fishing and aquaculture by-products are ingredients of high nutritional and bioactive potential developed to restore growth performances in high-level plant protein diets. They are rich in hydrolytic peptides and free amino acids, but they are complex mixtures whose composition is not well known. We developed an experimental approach to characterize the peptide fraction of two by-product hydrolysates based on two complementary approaches: a transcriptomics approach aimed at getting transcriptomics data about the targeted by-products, and a peptidomics approach. The peptidomics approach combined the optimization of fractionation steps and two complementary mass spectrometry techniques. Thus we identified more than 1,000 peptides in the two by-product hydrolysates. Furthermore, diet conditioning experiments conducted in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, highlighted their interesting nutritional properties to maintain growth performances of farmed fish. Indeed, dietary inclusion of 5\% of these hydrolysates in a high-level plant protein diet (95%) maintained growth performances at similar levels to those obtained with diets containing 80% of plant protein. In addition, we demonstrated an influence of these by-product hydrolysates on the digestive physiology of sea bass, as shown by biomarker expression in the intestinal absorption profiles observed in the study. Finally, our work shows that (i) both hydrolysates possess in vitro antibacterial activity and (ii) tilapia hydrolysate stimulates the immune system of sea bass. These results demonstrate the interest of using these two hydrolysates in aquaculture in addition to or instead of fishmeal
Sakr, Soulai͏̈mane. "Effet de blessures sur l'activité de protéines membranaires dans la compartimentation des assimilats chez les végétaux." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2294.
Full textVerdiere, Jérémy. "Étude de propriétés photophysiques de protéines fluorescentes par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS450/document.
Full textFluorescent proteins are widely used in biology studies since 20 years. Yet, the origin of their photophysical properties aren’t totally explained. Here, we try to improve the understanding of two particular fluorescent proteins: Padron and EosFP.In the protein Padron, we work on the isomerization of chromophore and try to determine whether isomerization and protonation are simultaneous or successive processes. During the isomerization, the potential donor is Tyr159.First, we show that, in vacuum, the proton transfer is quite unlikely whatever the chromophore geometry.In the protein (where the environment effect isn’t negligible) we evidence with molecular dynamics that, during isomerization, proton transfer stays marginal.In addition, these dynamics shown the appearance, at the end of isomerization, of a lot of water molecules channel between the chromophore and the solvent allowing a proton transfer. We conclude that isomerization and protonation are successive processes.In the case of the protein EosFP, we first analyze the effect of a water molecule which is found only in some of the crystallographic structures.Molecular dynamics of the protein with the chromophore in the ground state show that the water molecule doesn’t play any role neither in the hydrogen bond network nor in the absorption spectra.On the contrary, in the excited state, dynamics without this water show a significant faster decay of fluorescence that those with the molecule.In addition, those dynamics have demonstrate that during long period, the protein retains the chromophore in geometries in which it is unable to convert to the ground state, neither by fluorescence nor by internal conversion. Those “dark” geometries play a crucial role in the photophysics.To take them into account, we calculate the quantum yield and the fluorescence lifetime by direct integration along trajectories and by a kinetic scheme. We obtain a good qualitative agreement with the two methods
Brouette, Nicolas. "Influence des propriétés interfaciales de couches organiques sur l'adsorption de protéines globulaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209645.
Full textL'adsorption de myoglobine deutérée sur des monocouches hydrophobes d'OTS et de PS a été étudiée par réflectivité de neutrons pour des solutions de protéines de différentes concentrations (de 1 mg/ml à 0.01 mg/ml). A basse concentration, les protéines adsorbées se dénaturent et s'étalent sur le substrat hydrophobe et l'adsorption résulte en une fine couche dense en protéines. Sur le PS, les protéines s'étalent moins, ce qui est en accord avec la moindre hydrophobicité du PS. A haute concentration, une couche supplémentaire peu dénaturée est observée au-dessus de la première couche.
La cinétique d'adsorption primaire de HSA a été étudiée par ellipsométrie sur des brosses de PEG (Mw = 35700 Da) de différentes densités de greffage. Les résultats confirment que les brosses de PEG répriment l'adsorption de protéines. En outre, l'adsorption est très rapide sur le PS, tandis que sur les brosses, l'adsorption est plus lente. Le comportement à temps long de la quantité adsorbée Γ en fonction de la densité de greffage σ est en accord semi-quantitatif avec une théorie développée par Halperin et basée sur les différentes contributions à l'énergie libre d'une protéine adsorbée. Il a également été mis en évidence un régime pour lequel le taux d'adsorption dΓ/dt décroît exponentiellement avec la quantité de protéines adsorbées Γ.
L'adsorption de protéines (lysozyme, HSA et myoglobine) a ensuite été étudiée sur des brosses de PNIPAM en fonction des paramètres de la brosse et de la température. Les brosses ont été greffées par ATRP à partir d'une monocouche d'OEG (oligo éthylène glycol) silanisé contenant du brome comme initiateur. Il a été montré que l'adsorption primaire sur la surface de greffage est inférieure à 0.1 mg/m^2 et que l'adsorption ternaire dans la brosse, en dessous et au-dessus de la LCST, ne dépasse pas 1 mg/m^2 (~ 2% de fraction volumique en protéines). La résistance à l'adsorption a été associée à la présence d'une région hydrophile superficielle qui pourrait présenter une barrière cinétique à l'adsorption des protéines dans le cœur moins polaire de la brosse.
L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que les propriétés interfaciales du substrat jouent un rôle crucial dans les processus d'adsorption des protéines.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Moussa, Myriam. "Les transporteurs de caroténoïdes et de la vitamine E : identification et effet de leurs polymorphismes génétiques sur l'absorption/le statut en ces micronutriments." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20667.
Full textL'Heureux-Bouron, Diane. "Rôle des facteurs pré et post-absorptifs dans la dépression de la prise énergétique induite par les régimes hyperprotéiques chez le rat." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112074.
Full textHigh protein (hp) diets induce an energy intake depression in rat. The mechanisms involved in this depression are not well understood. The aim of this these is to analyse in this phenomena, (i) the roles of pre-aborptive (conditioned taste aversion, palatability, gastric volume) and post-absorptive (brain and plasmatic amino acid concentration) factors and (ii) the respective roles of the vagus nerve, ccka-receptors and system a of amino acid transporters in neuronal and glial cells of some brain zones suspected to be involved in the control of food intake. We have shown that food intake depression induced by hp diet was not due to a conditioned taste aversion and that oro-pharyngeal (low palatability of hp diet) and gastric (gastric volume) pre-absorptive factors did not have a main role in this depression. The vagus nerve was not a decisive pathway for the mediation of information to the brain leading to food intake depression whereas peripheral and/or central ccka-receptors were partially involvement. Finally, the increase of some amino acid concentration in the extracellular medium induced system a amino acid transporters in neurons of the aera postrema, the arcuate nucleus and the anterior pyriform cortex reinforcing the idea of a possible involvement of these three zones in this phenomenon. Our results have shown that protein intake was accompanied by a satiating effect, certainly controlled by several redundant mechanisms
Leclerc, Pierre-Louis. "Élaboration de nanoparticules de protéines de lactosérum comme système d'administration de quercétine en système gastro-intestinal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28400/28400.pdf.
Full textEtheve, Jocelyne. "Corrélation potentiel d'écoulement-concentration interfaciale de protéines à l'interface silice-solution : influence d'un traitement externe par de la poly(éthylèneimine) sur la pénétration du lysozyme à l'intérieur d'une membrane portant des groupes sulfonates." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20004.
Full textTaulemesse, François. "Analyse écophysiologique et génétique de l’absorption d’azote post-floraison chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) en relation avec la concentration en protéines des grains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22581/document.
Full textGrain protein concentration is one of the major qualitative criteria of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economic and technological value. However, the negative relationship existing between protein concentration and grain yield implies that grain protein concentration improvement is complex to achieve without detrimental effect on grain yield. Breeding programs based on the deviation to this negative relationship (Grain protein deviation of GPD) have been proposed to be a suitable strategy to improve grain nitrogen concentration without detrimental effects on yield. At a physiological level, GPD is strongly correlated with genotypes aptitude to uptake nitrogen after flowering independently of the nitrogen amount already taken up before this stage, suggesting that satiety for nitrogen could be involved in its establishment. Breeding for GPD implies however a more detailed knowledge of the processes implied in nitrogen uptake regulation by nitrogen plant satiety. This would allow targeting traits both simple to measure and robustly associated with this increased capacity to accumulate proteins in grains.The present study is based on two experiments carried on under controlled conditions and a third led under field conditions. In all experiments, various levels of pre-flowering fertilization were applied in order to obtain contrasted plant nitrogen status at flowering. Nitrogen status effect on post-flowering nitrogen uptake was observed under various post-flowering N availability conditions. Physiological and molecular measurements were carried out in parallel with uptake measurements.We highlighted that post-flowering nitrogen uptake has an elaborate dynamic, suggesting the involvement of complex regulations. Among these, plant nitrogen status at flowering determines to a great extent the amount of nitrogen taken up during the days following flowering (early PANU, from flowering to flowering +250 °C.days-1). Early PANU appears to be a strong determinant of grain protein concentration, as strong positive correlations were observed between these two traits both under controlled conditions and field conditions, independently of grain yield level. The study of two genotypes strongly contrasted for GPD highlighted that, despite comparable N status, early PANU is subjected to strong genetic variations which tend to identify N satiety as a determinant of GPD.The present study identified robust markers of GPD of potential use in plant breeding. At a physiological level, post flowering stem elongation appears to be a promising marker of GPD since this trait is strongly correlated with early PANU. At a molecular level, root nitrate concentration, a trait submitted to genetic variations, is also proposed as a marker of GPD because of its role in the expression regulation of the genes governing nitrogen uptake and assimilation
Rungkat-Zakaria, Fransiska. "Etude de l'allergénicité de la caséine bovine : Réponse proliférative des lymphocytes en mastocytes à l'alimentation en caséine et mise en évidence de l'absorption intestinale des antigènes chez des souris." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0110_RUNGKAT_ZAKARIA.pdf.
Full textReisch, Andreas. "Anti-fouling polyelectrolyte multilayers based on phosphorylcholine bearing polyelectrolytes : Studies at rest and under stretching." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/REISCH_Andreas_2009.pdf.
Full textPolyelectrolytes (PEL) modified with phosphorylcholine (PC) and triethylene glycol (EO)3 groups were integrated into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEL ML) in the aim of creating protein and cell resistant surfaces. We synthesized various PEL modified with PC groups linked through different spacers. Precursor molecules comprising the PC group and the spacer were synthesized by reaction of POCl3 with choline and a suitable alcohol. These precursor molecules were then coupled to the PEL through an amide bond. Adsorption of these modified PEL on PEL ML and protein adsorption thereon were studied by QCM and OWLS. Protein adsorption depended on the properties of the adsorbed top layer, especially its charge, structure, hydration and type and number of PC and (EO)3 groups. Practically protein and cell resistant surfaces were obtained using poly acrylic acid modified either with (EO)3PC or (EO)3 groups. These surfaces also retain their anti-fouling properties under stretching of the substrate
Simon, Anne. "Intérêt de la microscopie de force atomique sur la biofonctionnalisation de matériaux : caractérisation du greffage et de l'adhésion cellulaire." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12583.
Full textGattuso, Hugo. "Photosensibilisation de l’ADN : modélisation des interactions entre la lumière et les systèmes moléculaires complexes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0101/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is based on the use of molecular modeling, simulation and theoretical chemistry in order to study the photosensitization of DNA; i.e. the enhancement of the sensitivity of DNA to light through the action of a photosensitizing agent. A first aspect has been to study the photophysical and photochemical pathways of several known sensitizers such as nileblue, nilered, BMEMC or an endogenous modified nucleobase, Pyo, in order to understand their mechanisms of photosensitization. The related phenomena that have been observed are electron transfers, triplet-triplet energy transfers, production of solvated electrons and two-photons activations. Moreover, two tools have been developed to study the interaction between photosensitizing agents and DNA; i) a protocol able to provide the binding free energy of drugs in their interaction pockets; ii) a tool based on the semi-empirical Frenkel Hamiltonian to model the electronic circular dichroism of biomacromolecular systems in a straightforward way. Then the effects of photoinduced lesions on the DNA structure and flexibility have been investigated; i.e. cylcopyrimidine dimers (CPD), pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone (6-4PP) and cluster abasic sites. Finally the recognition of damaged DNA strands by repair enzymes is presented and the implication on enzymatic activities has been highlighted. The reader can refer to the first section of the manuscript for a popularized presentation of the project context
Bogard, Matthieu. "Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de l'écart à la relation teneur en protéines - rendement en grains chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679581.
Full textOger, Samuel. "Analogues fluorescents de l'epicocconone et sondes pour le piégeage de produits naturels azaphiles." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR035/document.
Full textUnderstanding biological processes that involve proteins is a challenge for biologists. Two-photon excitation and super-resolution microscopy have improved drastically bioimaging techniques allowing in vivo deep tissue analysis. However those techniques require the use of optimized and selective fluorescent probes. Epicocconone is a natural profluorescent azaphilone widely used in proteomics for detecting proteins on electrophoresis gels. This compound can react reversibly with primary amines from lysines forming a covalent enaminone adduct that emits near infrared fluorescence light (610 nm) upon UV (395 nm) or visible (520 nm) excitation. Different analogues, that non-selectively bind to proteins, were previously synthesized in order to understand the structure-fluorescence relationship. The synthesis of polyfunctionnal probes was studied using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to connect the epicocconone scaffold to a recognition moiety, which can specifically recognise one biological target. New analogues optimized for two-photon absorption were synthesized. Their linear and non-linear optical properties were determined to select the most suitable molecule for two-photon excitation microscopy.In a last part, the particular reactivity of azaphilones was also regarded as a useful strategy for designing probes which could react specifically with azaphilic natural products in order to identify and isolate new ones
Fournier, Clara. "Hydrophilisation de billes de polystyrène-divinylbenzène par adsorption de dérivés amphiphiles du dextrane : préparation et caractérisations structurales de nouveaux support pour la chromatographie des protéines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_FOURNIER_C.pdf.
Full textBalme, Sébastien. "Spectroscopie de fluorescence dynamique confocale : réalisation du dispositif optique et application à l'étude de l'adsorption de protéines aux interfaces solide/liquide." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011288.
Full textLa fluorescence intrinsèque des protéines ou le marquage direct par un chromophore ne rendent pas toujours compte simplement du mouvements des protéines. De ce fait, Nous avons synthétisé une sonde fluorescente composée de biotine éthylènediamine et d'alexa fluor 594. Ce marquage permet d'obtenir un temps de corrélation unique l de 32 ns, compatible à celui attendu pour une protéine de géométrie sphérique de masse molaire de 66 KDa. Durant ce travail de thèse, nous avons développé un dispositif optique innovant permettant d'effectuer des études d'adsorption sous flux par des mesures de fluorescence et de polarisation de fluorescence résolues dans le temps en mode confocal. Le dispositif mise au point permet d'obtenir une résolution spatial de 1,2 µm soit un volume de l'ordre du femtolitre qu'il est possible de déplacer dans une cuve d'épaisseur de 230 µm. En fluorescence dynamique, les valeurs de temps de corrélation et de durée de vie de fluorescence obtenue sont similaires avec ceux obtenus en mesure de fluorescence classique.
Enfin, nous avons suivi la cinétique d'adsorption et l'évolution des profile de concentration de l'avidine lors du processus d'adsorption sur une surface modèle (mica) et sur une membrane d'hémodialyse (AN-69).
Bindini, Elisa. "Understanding in vivo degradation of mesoporous silica therapeutic vectors through in situ ellipsometry." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS115/document.
Full textDans les dernières 15 ans, la recherche biomédicale a exploré en profondeur l’utilisation de nanoparticules pour la délivrance ciblée de médicaments. Parmi plusieurs matériaux étudiés, la silice mesoporeuse représente une plateforme exceptionnelle pour ce type d’applications puisque elle est biocompatible et capable d’être chargé avec une quantité élevée de médicament, tout en étant facile à synthétiser et à fonctionnaliser .La connaissance des interactions entre nanoparticules de silice et environnement biologique est nécessaire pour concevoir des vecteurs thérapeutiques efficaces et pas toxiques. Cet étude a développé une nouvelle méthode d’analyse in situ pour suivre les interactions entre silice mesoporeuse et fluides biologiques réels (serum et sang), employant une cellule d’analyse microfluidique et l’ellipsometrie en réflexion totale interne. Nous avons ainsi réalisé le suivi dynamique de la dégradation de vecteurs models à base de silice poreuse structuré dans une solution tampon à pH physiologique et une solution concentré de protéines. Ces analyses ont permis d’évaluer l’influence de la structure poreuse, de l’adsorption de protéines sur la surface et de la vitesse du flux sur la dissolution de la silice mesoporeuse
Goncalves, Aurélie. "Optimiser le statut en vitamine D via la nutrition : des interactions alimentaires aux mécanismes d'absorption." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5018.
Full textOvers the last past decades, vitamin D has been described as a micronutrient of interest, beneficial to human health, but the mechanisms governing its intestinal absorption have been poorly investigated. Indeed, it has long been assumed that vitamin D was absorbed by a passive process. We first showed that vitamin D absorption was not only passive but involved membrane transporters including such as SR-BI, CD36 and NPC1-L1 and that pharmaceutical compounds used to inhibit cholesterol absorption (ei: Ezetimibe - Ezetrol ®) could also reduce vitamin D absorption. Then, we have shown that dietary molecules such as phytosterols could limit its absorption, while some free fatty acids such as oleic acid could increase its bioavailability. These data suggest that other dietary lipids daily consumed with vitamin D could improve or conversely limit its absorption. Finally, we investigated real-time interactions between various lipid ligands and scavenger receptors such as SR-BI and CD36 using the technique of surface plasmon resonance. This highlighted the fact that mixed-micelle lipid composition could modulate their interactions with these proteins.This thesis bring promising prospects in the advancement of knowledge and molecular mechanisms regulating vitamin D intestinal absorption, and enlightens the fact that our food choices could lead to an optimization of our vitamin D status
Huang, Tongtong. "Protein adsorption and denaturation in injectable devices for pharmaceutical applications." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8373.
Full textProteins are widely used in formulation in the pharmaceutical field and play a major role in biological functions. It is well known that protein adsorption on solid surface is always observed for a long-term storage, which will result in a reduced dose of active compound or a loss of biological activity. In some cases, only short time of contact are sufficient to drastically modify the protein conformation: for instance, insulin losses 52% of its biological activity after 5 minutes contacting with glass surface, as well as a loss of 30% of cetrorelix is observed after 2 hours. Among all parameters, the time frame of the denaturation process is strongly related to the protein stability and surface properties. The understanding of protein adsorption has therefore become a crucial issue in the pharmaceutical industry.To gain a better understanding of proteins’ behavior on the surface, adsorbed protein quantification and its conformation should be studied. The objective of our research in a first will be to understand proteins’ behaviors on various surfaces which composed a classical prefilled syringe.The main goal of this PhD project is to understand the behaviors of several model proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LSZ) and myoglobin (MGB) in contact with the surfaces of prefilled syringes such as glass and elastomer. We propose to use the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the amount of protein adsorbed on a flat surface by determining the depletion of the proteins in solution. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was as well as employed to follow the structural changes of adsorbed BSA on solid surface. [...]
Bindini, Elisa. "Understanding in vivo degradation of mesoporous silica therapeutic vectors through in situ ellipsometry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS115.pdf.
Full textDans les dernières 15 ans, la recherche biomédicale a exploré en profondeur l’utilisation de nanoparticules pour la délivrance ciblée de médicaments. Parmi plusieurs matériaux étudiés, la silice mesoporeuse représente une plateforme exceptionnelle pour ce type d’applications puisque elle est biocompatible et capable d’être chargé avec une quantité élevée de médicament, tout en étant facile à synthétiser et à fonctionnaliser .La connaissance des interactions entre nanoparticules de silice et environnement biologique est nécessaire pour concevoir des vecteurs thérapeutiques efficaces et pas toxiques. Cet étude a développé une nouvelle méthode d’analyse in situ pour suivre les interactions entre silice mesoporeuse et fluides biologiques réels (serum et sang), employant une cellule d’analyse microfluidique et l’ellipsometrie en réflexion totale interne. Nous avons ainsi réalisé le suivi dynamique de la dégradation de vecteurs models à base de silice poreuse structuré dans une solution tampon à pH physiologique et une solution concentré de protéines. Ces analyses ont permis d’évaluer l’influence de la structure poreuse, de l’adsorption de protéines sur la surface et de la vitesse du flux sur la dissolution de la silice mesoporeuse
Geissler, Alexandre. "Elaboration d'une nouvelle catégorie de surfaces adaptives sensibles à un stimulus mécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558988.
Full textMartocq, Laurine. "Influence des nanoparticules d’argent élaborées par procédé plasma sur la conformation de la fibronectine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66601.
Full textThe objective of this project is to study the influence of silver nanoparticles embedded in an organosilicon matrix on the fibronectin organization. Silver is known for its antibacterial properties for several centuries, the study of protein adsorption in contact of these nanoparticles is essential for a use in biomedical field. First, nanoparticles were embedded in an organosilicon matrix, all synthetized by low-pressure plasma. Presence of silver in the plasma during the deposition was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy. Then, fibronectin was adsorbed on the surfaces to study the influence of silver nanoparticles. Surfaces were characterized by different methods, especially by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify the presence of silver and fibronectin. Roughness of the surfaces was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and dynamic contact angle measurements were realized. Finally, to quantify the fibronectin adsorbed on the surfaces and to know the protein organization, ELISA tests were performed.
Agathangelou, Damianos. "Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin : effect of mutations on the ultrafast photo-isomerization dynamics." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE001/document.
Full textASR, is a photoreceptor protein that binds the protonated Schiff base of retinal in two ground state conformations. The particular protein consists a model system where the effect of the protein environment on the isomerization dynamics of the two isomers can be investigated. In this thesis an extended study on point mutated proteins is presented where the variable is the protein environment. The results show significant differences between the two isomers excited state lifetimes with the shorter or longer lifetimes commented in terms of Sl/S2 electronic mixing. Supplementary, the experimental development of a Transient absorption spectrometer (T.A) and a Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy setup (2DES) operating in the NIR and UV-Vis spectral range respectively are described. The 2DES spectrometer is based on translating wedges made out of birefringent material producing two collinear phase-locked pulses with sub-I Ofs duration. The interferometric precision on controlling the delay between the two pump pulses allows to perform 2DES measurements on systems absorbing in the 360-430 nm range allowing to resolve the excitation process spectrally
Baud, Grégory. "Modulation de l’absorption intestinale postprandiale du glucose apès Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass chez le miniporc." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S042/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized primarily as a combined defect of insulin secretion and insulin action. For nearly a decade, the somewhat mysterious but spectacular benefit of metabolic surgery, and more specifically of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on glucose control has been caused a questioning the current paradigm of T2D management. Gastro-intestinal exclusion by RYGB improves glucose metabolism, independent of weight loss. Although changes in intestinal bile trafficking have been shown to play a role, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed RYGB in minipigs and showed that the intestinal uptake of ingested glucose is blunted in the bile deprived alimentary limb (AL). Glucose uptake in the AL was restored by the addition of bile, and this effect was abolished when active glucose intestinal transport was blocked with phlorizin. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 remained expressed in the AL, while intraluminal sodium content was markedly decreased. Adding sodium to the AL had the same effect as bile on glucose uptake. It also increased postprandial blood glucose response in conscious minipigs following RYGB. The decrease in intestinal uptake of glucose after RYGB was confirmed in humans. Our results demonstrate that bile diversion affects postprandial glucose metabolism by modulating sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport
Baigl, Damien. "Etude expérimentale de polyélectrolytes hydrophobes modèles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003620.
Full textSergeeva, Yulia. "Complexes ADN/polycation en solution et aux interfaces en tant que vecteurs de transfection non viraux de pointe." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064224.
Full textCôté, Stéphanie. "Évaluation de la vitesse d'absorption de boissons spéciales (de récupération)." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14908.
Full textJean, Catherine. "Activité antimicrobienne de peptides provenant d’hydrolysats de protéines de babeurre, de lactoferrine et de pois." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13385.
Full textAntibiotics are frequently used in poultry feed in order to prevent certain diseases, including necrotic enteritis, which causes the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. A promising alternative is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as dietary supplements, such as AMPs from dairy products. The objective of this project was to develop a production method for the extraction peptides, from co-produced food processing (buttermilk, lactoferrin, pea protein isolates). These peptides were tested for the detection of antimicrobial activity on the following specific poultry pathogens; Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Proteins were suspended in water (5% w/w) and pepsin hydrolyzed by pepsin for 6 hours at pH 2.5. Peptides were recovered by ultrafiltration (< 10 kDa) and fractionated based on the basis of their ionic charges: total, cationic, anionic and unbound peptides, to specifically target the fractions with antimicrobial activities. Bacterial survival was measured in contact with different peptides concentrations. Cationic buttermilk extracts were effective at a concentration less or equal to 5 mg / mL; loss of 3 log for Escherichia coli O78: H80, compared with lactoferrin which was effective at a concentration less than or equal to 0.6 mg / mL; loss of 6 log for E. coli O78: H80. The peptide extracts from pea showed low efficiency. The use of antimicrobial peptides, from buttermilk, lactoferrin and peas, is promising for the development of an alternative or a complement to reduce antimicrobial use.