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1

Festa, G. "PML Absorbing Boundaries." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020098.

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2

Marchewka, A., and Z. Schuss. "Feynman integrals with absorbing boundaries." Physics Letters A 240, no. 4-5 (April 1998): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00107-8.

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3

Ingold, J. H. "Nonequilibrium electron transport near absorbing boundaries." Physical Review A 44, no. 6 (September 1, 1991): 3822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.44.3822.

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4

Kosloff, R., and D. Kosloff. "Absorbing boundaries for wave propagation problems." Journal of Computational Physics 63, no. 2 (April 1986): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(86)90199-3.

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5

Buchman, Luisa T., and Olivier C. A. Sarbach. "Towards absorbing outer boundaries in general relativity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 23, no. 23 (October 19, 2006): 6709–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/23/007.

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6

SAIGO, Muneharu, Hiroyuki IWAMOTO, and Nobuo TANAKA. "Wave Absorbing Control of Beam Near Boundaries." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 73, no. 734 (2007): 2719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.73.2719.

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7

Hipke, Arthur, Sven Lübeck, and Haye Hinrichsen. "Absorbing boundaries in the conserved Manna model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2009, no. 07 (July 10, 2009): P07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2009/07/p07021.

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8

Bach, Eric, Susan Coppersmith, Marcel Paz Goldschen, Robert Joynt, and John Watrous. "One-dimensional quantum walks with absorbing boundaries." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 69, no. 4 (December 2004): 562–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2004.03.005.

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9

TANIYAMA, Hisashi. "Absorbing Boundaries Using Shape Functions Representing Wave Propagation." Journal of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering 20, no. 6 (2020): 6_15–6_24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5610/jaee.20.6_15.

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10

Lee, C. F., R. T. Shin, J. A. Kong, and B. J. McCartin. "Absorbing Boundary Conditions on Circular and Elliptical Boundaries." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 4, no. 10 (January 1, 1990): 945–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939390x00690.

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11

SAIGO, Muneharu, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, and Nobuo Tanaka. "428 Wave Absorbing Control of Beam Near Boundaries." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2007 (2007): _428–1_—_428–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2007._428-1_.

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12

Kallivokas, Loukas F., Jacobo Bielak, and Richard C. MacCamy. "Symmetric Local Absorbing Boundaries in Time and Space." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 117, no. 9 (September 1991): 2027–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1991)117:9(2027).

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13

Ramahi, O. M. "Absorbing boundary conditions for convex object-conformable boundaries." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 47, no. 7 (July 1999): 1141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.785744.

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14

Mazumder, B. S., and Suvadip Paul. "Dispersion in Oscillatory Couette Flow with Absorbing Boundaries." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v35.i5.60.

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15

Wang, Kun, Nan Wu, Parker Kuklinski, Ping Xu, Haixing Hu, and Fangmin Song. "Grover walks on a line with absorbing boundaries." Quantum Information Processing 15, no. 9 (June 7, 2016): 3573–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-016-1353-5.

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16

Medvinsky, M., E. Turkel, and U. Hetmaniuk. "Local absorbing boundary conditions for elliptical shaped boundaries." Journal of Computational Physics 227, no. 18 (September 2008): 8254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2008.05.010.

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17

Dai, Nanxun, Antonios Vafidis, and Ernest Kanasewich. "Composite absorbing boundaries for the numerical simulation of seismic waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840010185.

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Abstract Composite absorbing boundary methods are developed for the numerical simulation of seismic waves. These methods combine low-angle absorbing boundary conditions, based on the characteristic analysis of one-dimensional wave equations, with either of two novel wave field modification approaches, namely the anisotropic filters and the one-way sponge filters. The anisotropic filter method adjusts the propagation direction of the waves, so that they reach the boundary at normal angles. The one-way sponge filter method endows the transition zone with a dissipation mechanism that selectively damps the incoming waves. These methods absorb not only the body waves but also the surface waves. A narrow transition zone adjacent to a computational boundary is introduced whose width is smaller than in the sponge filter approach. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of these methods in absorbing the artificial reflections.
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18

Min, Hequn, and Ke Xu. "Coherent Image Source Modeling of Sound Fields in Long Spaces with a Sound-Absorbing Ceiling." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 6743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156743.

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Sound-absorbing boundaries can attenuate noise propagation in practical long spaces, but fast and accurate sound field modeling in this situation is still difficult. This paper presents a coherent image source model for simple yet accurate prediction of the sound field in long enclosures with a sound absorbing ceiling. In the proposed model, the reflections on the absorbent boundary are separated from those on reflective ones during evaluating reflection coefficients. The model is compared with the classic wave theory, an existing coherent image source model and a scale-model experiment. The results show that the proposed model provides remarkable accuracy advantage over the existing models yet is fast for sound prediction in long spaces.
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19

de Mulatier, Clélia, Alberto Rosso, and Grégory Schehr. "Asymmetric Lévy flights in the presence of absorbing boundaries." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2013, no. 10 (October 11, 2013): P10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2013/10/p10006.

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20

Jian-She Wang. "Transient scattering using finite elements with curved absorbing boundaries." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32, no. 3 (May 1996): 870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.497379.

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21

LaGrone, John, and Thomas Hagstrom. "Double absorbing boundaries for finite-difference time-domain electromagnetics." Journal of Computational Physics 326 (December 2016): 650–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.09.014.

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22

Usenko, A. S., and A. G. Zagorodny. "Brownian particle motion in a system with absorbing boundaries." Molecular Physics 61, no. 5 (August 10, 1987): 1213–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978700101751.

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23

Norris, S., A. Vikartofsky, R. E. Wagner, Q. Su, and R. Grobe. "Absorbing-like boundaries for quantum field theoretical grid simulations." Computer Physics Communications 184, no. 11 (November 2013): 2412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.06.004.

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24

Kallivokas, Loukas F., and Sanghoon Lee. "Local absorbing boundaries of elliptical shape for scalar waves." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 193, no. 45-47 (November 2004): 4979–5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.04.007.

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25

Park, J. M., and W. Eversman. "A Boundary Element Method For Propagation Over Absorbing Boundaries." Journal of Sound and Vibration 175, no. 2 (August 1994): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1323.

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26

Zhao, Zhencong, Jingyi Chen, Xiaobo Liu, and Baorui Chen. "Frequency-domain elastic wavefield simulation with hybrid absorbing boundary conditions." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 690–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz038.

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Abstract The frequency-domain seismic modeling has advantages over the time-domain modeling, including the efficient implementation of multiple sources and straightforward extension for adding attenuation factors. One of the most persistent challenges in the frequency domain as well as in the time domain is how to effectively suppress the unwanted seismic reflections from the truncated boundaries of the model. Here, we propose a 2D frequency-domain finite-difference wavefield simulation in elastic media with hybrid absorbing boundary conditions, which combine the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition with the Clayton absorbing boundary conditions (first and second orders). The PML boundary condition is implemented in the damping zones of the model, while the Clayton absorbing boundary conditions are applied to the outer boundaries of the damping zones. To improve the absorbing performance of the hybrid absorbing boundary conditions in the frequency domain, we apply the complex coordinate stretching method to the spatial partial derivatives in the Clayton absorbing boundary conditions. To testify the validity of our proposed algorithm, we compare the calculated seismograms with an analytical solution. Numerical tests show the hybrid absorbing boundary condition (PML plus the stretched second-order Clayton absorbing condition) has the best absorbing performance over the other absorbing boundary conditions. In the model tests, we also successfully apply the complex coordinate stretching method to the free surface boundary condition when simulating seismic wave propagation in elastic media with a free surface.
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27

Giorno, V., A. G. Nobile, and L. M. Ricciardi. "A symmetry-based constructive approach to probability densities for one-dimensional diffusion processes." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 4 (December 1989): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214376.

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Special symmetry conditions on the transition p.d.f. of one-dimensional time-homogeneous diffusion processes with natural boundaries are investigated and exploited to derive closed-form results concerning the transition p.d.f.'s in the presence of absorbing and reflecting boundaries and the first-passage-time p.d.f. through time-dependent boundaries.
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28

Giorno, V., A. G. Nobile, and L. M. Ricciardi. "A symmetry-based constructive approach to probability densities for one-dimensional diffusion processes." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 04 (December 1989): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200027583.

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Special symmetry conditions on the transition p.d.f. of one-dimensional time-homogeneous diffusion processes with natural boundaries are investigated and exploited to derive closed-form results concerning the transition p.d.f.'s in the presence of absorbing and reflecting boundaries and the first-passage-time p.d.f. through time-dependent boundaries.
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29

Mannella, R. "Absorbing boundaries and optimal stopping in a stochastic differential equation." Physics Letters A 254, no. 5 (April 1999): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00117-6.

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30

Dhara, Asish K., and Tapan Mukhopadhyay. "Coherent stochastic resonance in the case of two absorbing boundaries." Physical Review E 60, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 2727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.60.2727.

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31

Nagar, Apoorva, and Punyabrata Pradhan. "First passage time distribution in random walks with absorbing boundaries." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 320 (March 2003): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01651-5.

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32

Buldyrev, S. V., M. Gitterman, S. Havlin, A. Ya Kazakov, M. G. E. da Luz, E. P. Raposo, H. E. Stanley, and G. M. Viswanathan. "Properties of Lévy flights on an interval with absorbing boundaries." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 302, no. 1-4 (December 2001): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00461-7.

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33

Aretz, Marc, and Michael Vorländer. "Efficient Modelling of Absorbing Boundaries in Room Acoustic FE Simulations." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 96, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 1042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918366.

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34

Kim, Hee Seok. "A Study on the Performance of Absorbing Boundaries Using Dashpot." Engineering 06, no. 10 (2014): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.610060.

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35

Gao, Yingjie, Hanjie Song, Jinhai Zhang, and Zhenxing Yao. "Comparison of artificial absorbing boundaries for acoustic wave equation modelling." Exploration Geophysics 48, no. 1 (March 2017): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg15068.

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36

Dawson, J. F. "Representing ferrite absorbing tiles as frequency dependent boundaries in TLM." Electronics Letters 29, no. 9 (1993): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19930529.

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37

Caraglio, Michele, Stefanie Put, Enrico Carlon, and Carlo Vanderzande. "The influence of absorbing boundary conditions on the transition path time statistics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 40 (2018): 25676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04322a.

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38

Mao, Yong-Hua, and Chi Zhang. "HITTING TIME DISTRIBUTIONS FOR BIRTH–DEATH PROCESSES WITH BILATERAL ABSORBING BOUNDARIES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 31, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964816000280.

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For the birth–death process on a finite state space with bilateral boundaries, we give a simpler derivation of the hitting time distributions by h-transform and φ-transform. These transforms can then be used to construct a quick derivation of the hitting time distributions of the minimal birth–death process on a denumerable state space with exit/regular boundaries.
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39

Simone, Antonio, and Stig Hestholm. "Instabilities in applying absorbing boundary conditions to high‐order seismic modeling algorithms." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 3 (May 1998): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444379.

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The problem of artificial reflections from grid boundaries in the numerical discretization of elastic and acoustic wave equations has long plagued geophysicists. Even if modern computers have made it possible to extend the synthetics over more wavelengths (equivalent to larger propagation distances), efficient absorption methods are still needed to minimize interference from unwanted reflections from the numerical grid boundaries. In this study, we examine applicabilities and stabilities of the optimal absorbing boundary condition (OABC) of Peng and Toksöz (1994, 1995) for 2-D and 3-D acoustic and elastic wave modeling. As a basis for comparison, we use exponential damping (ED) (Cerjan et. al., 1985), in which velocities and stresses are multiplied by progressively decreasing terms when approaching the boundaries of the numerical grid.
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40

Böhm, W. "The correlated random walk with boundaries: A combinatorial solution." Journal of Applied Probability 37, no. 02 (June 2000): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200015655.

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The transition functions for the correlated random walk with two absorbing boundaries are derived by means of a combinatorial construction which is based on Krattenthaler's theorem for counting lattice paths with turns. Results for walks with one boundary and for unrestricted walks are presented as special cases. Finally we give an asymptotic formula, which proves to be useful for computational purposes.
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41

Böhm, W. "The correlated random walk with boundaries: A combinatorial solution." Journal of Applied Probability 37, no. 2 (June 2000): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1014842550.

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The transition functions for the correlated random walk with two absorbing boundaries are derived by means of a combinatorial construction which is based on Krattenthaler's theorem for counting lattice paths with turns. Results for walks with one boundary and for unrestricted walks are presented as special cases. Finally we give an asymptotic formula, which proves to be useful for computational purposes.
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42

Di Crescenzo, A. G., V. Giorno, A. G. Nobile, and L. M. Ricciardi. "On a symmetry-based constructive approach to probability densities for two-dimensional diffusion processes." Journal of Applied Probability 32, no. 2 (June 1995): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3215291.

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The method earlier introduced for one-dimensional diffusion processes [6] is extended to obtain closed form expressions for the transition p.d.f.'s of two-dimensional diffusion processes in the presence of absorbing boundaries and for the first-crossing time p.d.f.'s through such boundaries. Use of such a method is finally made to analyse a two-dimensional linear process.
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43

Di Crescenzo, A. G., V. Giorno, A. G. Nobile, and L. M. Ricciardi. "On a symmetry-based constructive approach to probability densities for two-dimensional diffusion processes." Journal of Applied Probability 32, no. 02 (June 1995): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200102815.

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The method earlier introduced for one-dimensional diffusion processes [6] is extended to obtain closed form expressions for the transition p.d.f.'s of two-dimensional diffusion processes in the presence of absorbing boundaries and for the first-crossing time p.d.f.'s through such boundaries. Use of such a method is finally made to analyse a two-dimensional linear process.
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44

Guillaume, Tristan. "Computation of the Survival Probability of Brownian Motion with Drift When the Absorbing Boundary is a Piecewise Affine or Piecewise Exponential Function of Time." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 5, no. 4 (June 27, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v5n4p119.

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A closed form formula is provided for the probability, in a closed time interval, that an arithmetic Brownian motion remains under or above a sequence of three affine, one-sided boundaries (equivalently, for the probability that a geometric Brownian motion remains under or above a sequence of three exponential, one-sided boundaries). The numerical evaluation of this formula can be done instantly and with the accuracy required for all practical purposes. The method followed can be extended to sequences of absorbing boundaries of higher dimension. It is also applied to sequences of two-sided boundaries.
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45

Lombardi, Domenico, Subhamoy Bhattacharya, Fabrizio Scarpa, and Matteo Bianchi. "Dynamic response of a geotechnical rigid model container with absorbing boundaries." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 69 (February 2015): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.09.008.

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46

Sukumar, C. V. "Higher moments of phase operators and random walks with absorbing boundaries." Physical Review A 39, no. 3 (February 1, 1989): 1558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.39.1558.

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47

Umeda, Takayuki, Yoshiharu Omura, and Hiroshi Matsumoto. "An improved masking method for absorbing boundaries in electromagnetic particle simulations." Computer Physics Communications 137, no. 2 (June 2001): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(01)00182-5.

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48

FRÖJDH, PER, MARTIN HOWARD, and KENT BÆKGAARD LAURITSEN. "DIRECTED PERCOLATION AND OTHER SYSTEMS WITH ABSORBING STATES: IMPACT OF BOUNDARIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 12 (May 20, 2001): 1761–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201004526.

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We review the critical behavior of nonequilibrium systems, such as directed percolation (DP) and branching-annihilating random walks (BARW), which possess phase transitions into absorbing states. After reviewing the bulk scaling behavior of these models, we devote the main part of this review to analyzing the impact of walls on their critical behavior. We discuss the possible boundary universality classes for the DP and BARW models, which can be described by a general scaling theory which allows for two independent surface exponents in addition to the bulk critical exponents. Above the upper critical dimension d c , we review the use of mean field theories, whereas in the regime d<d c , where fluctuations are important, we examine the application of field theoretic methods. Of particular interest is the situation in d=1, which has been extensively investigated using numerical simulations and series expansions. Although DP and BARW fit into the same scaling theory, they can still show very different surface behavior: for DP some exponents are degenerate, a property not shared with the BARW model. Moreover, a "hidden" duality symmetry of BARW in d=1 is broken by the boundary and this relates exponents and boundary conditions in an intricate way.
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49

Prescott, D. T. "Reflection analysis of FDTD boundary conditions. I. Time-space absorbing boundaries." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 45, no. 8 (1997): 1162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.618403.

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50

Chang, Yansheng, and Edward H. Wang. "A Harbor Resonance Numerical Model with Reflecting, Absorbing and Transmitting Boundaries." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801711010413.

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Background: A very important aspect in the planning and design of a harbor is to determine the response of the harbor basin to incident waves. Many previous investigators have studied various aspects of the harbor resonance problem, though correct to a certain extent, have some disadvantages. Objective: To calculate wave response in an offshore or coastal harbor of arbitrary shape, this research develops a two-dimensional linear, inviscid, dispersive, hybrid finite element harbor resonance model using conservation of energy approach. Based on the mild-slope wave equation, the numerical model includes wave refraction, diffraction, and reflection. The model also incorporates the effects of variable bathymetry, bottom friction, variable, full or partial absorbing boundaries, and wave transmission through permeable breakwaters. Methods: Based on the mild-slope wave equation, the numerical model includes wave refraction, diffraction, and reflection. The model also incorporates the effects of variable bathymetry, bottom friction, variable, full or partial absorbing boundaries, and wave transmission through permeable breakwaters. The Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the functional which was obtained using the governing equations. This model solves both long-waves as well as short-wave problems. The accuracy and efficiency of the present model are verified by comparing different cases of rectangular harbor numerical results with analytical and experimental results. Results: There said results indicate that reduction in wave amplitude inside a harbor caused by energy dissipation due to water depth, linearly sloping bottom, and bottom friction is quite small for a deep harbor. But for a shallow harbor, these factors are critical. They also show that reduction in wave amplitude inside a harbor due to boundary absorption, permeable transmission, harbor entrance width, and horizontal dimensions. Conclusion: Those factors are very important for both deep and shallow harbors as proven by accurate agreement with the prediction of this numerical model. The model presented herein is a realistic method for solving harbor resonance problems.
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