Journal articles: 'Absorbable packing'

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Fang, S., K. Argiris, and N. Padgham. "How we do it: the absorbable gelatin sponge cube, an effective and economical approach to packing in ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 5 (May 2014): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114000759.

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AbstractIntroduction:There is currently a lack of robust evidence on the best form of packing for otological surgery. We describe the use of the absorbable gelatin sponge, a packing material that does not require removal and has the benefit of being considerably cheaper compared to other common forms of ear packing.Methods:A comparison was made of the financial cost of several forms of packing for common otological procedures. In addition, a retrospective audit of complications was undertaken of all patients in whom the absorbable gelatin sponge was used over the past three years.Results:The absorbable gelatin sponge was shown to be cheaper to purchase per unit and also more economical to use. It has been the exclusive form of packing used in 519 procedures over the past three years at the William Harvey Hospital in Ashford (UK), with very few complications noted at the follow-up review.Conclusion:We strongly advocate using the absorbable gelatin sponge, a packing material that is kinder to the patient, has similar efficacy to other forms of packing and is also much cheaper to use compared to other common forms of packing.

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Valentine, Rowan, Peter-John Wormald, and Raj Sindwani. "Advances in Absorbable Biomaterials and Nasal Packing." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 42, no. 5 (October 2009): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2009.07.009.

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Massey, Conner J., and Ameet Singh. "Advances in Absorbable Biomaterials and Nasal Packing." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 50, no. 3 (June 2017): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2017.01.006.

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Seol, J. H., J. M. Kim, S. S. Kim, B. R. Na, H. Jung, J. H. Cho, and J. K. Kim. "Comparison of polyvinyl alcohol coated nasal packing with non-absorbable nasal packing." Rhinology journal 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino12.176.

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Background: A number of different nasal packing materials are available for prevention of nasal bleeding after endoscopic sinus surgery. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated nasal packing is an expandable packing for use in rhinological surgery. This innovative surf- ace treatment helps to reduce the possibility of adherence to tissue and of blood clotting within the sponge. The present study investigated the effects of PVA coated packing and non-absorbable packing with respect to pain, healing site and postoperative bleeding following endoscopic sinus surgery. Methodology: Patients between 18-80 years of age undergoing sinus surgery were enrolled. Each patient`s ethmoid cavities were randomised to receive PVA coated packing material or the standard non-absorbable sinus packs. The remaining nasal packing material was removed on the 2nd day in the clinic. We determined visual analog scale score, bleeding time and wound healing status. A single rhinologist graded postoperative endoscopic appearance. Length of follow-up was 3 months. Results: Thirty three patients were recruited. There was a significant difference in the bleeding time between the two groups, but pain and wound healing were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: PVA-coated nasal packing presents comparable characteristics with traditional nasal packing.

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Seol, J. H., J. Kim, S. S. Kim, B. R. Na, H. Jung, J. H. Cho, and J. K. Kim. "Comparison of polyvinyl alcohol coated nasal packing with non-absorbable nasal packing." Rhinology Journal 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhin12.176.

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Al-Shaikh, S., A. Muddaiah, R. J. Lee, and M. F. Bhutta. "Oxidised cellulose powder for haemostasis following sinus surgery: a pilot randomised trial." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 8 (July 30, 2014): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114001303.

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AbstractBackground:Haemorrhage is the most common major complication of endoscopic sinus surgery. Post-operative absorbable or non-absorbable nasal packing can cause pain and blockage. Haemostatic powders or gels may prevent this problem. However, when based on factors in the clotting cascade, they induce an inflammatory reaction and can cause post-operative synechiae. Oxidised cellulose powder produces haemostasis without inducing synechiae formation, but has not been trialled for sinus surgery.Method:A randomised clinical trial was performed to compare cellulose powder to non-absorbable packing following sinus surgery. Participants were 50 consecutive patients undergoing sinus surgery, 47 of whom completed the study. The main outcome measures were post-operative bleeding, pain scores and synechiae formation.Results:Cellulose powder was effective at stopping bleeding, and was associated with less pain than nasal packing, with no evidence of increased synechiae formation.Conclusion:Cellulose powder appears to be a good haemostatic agent following sinus surgery. A larger trial would allow more accurate quantification of its effectiveness.

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Promentilla, Shella May A. "Effects of Dexamethasone versus Saline-Impregnated Nasal Packing on the Postoperative Outcome of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 31, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v31i1.301.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dexamethasone-impregnated absorbable nasal pack versus saline-impregnated nasal packing on postoperative outcome of nasal cavities after endoscopic sinus surgery using the Perioperative Sinus Evaluation Scoring System (POSE) and Lund and Kennedy Endoscopic Scoring System. Methods: Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial Setting: Single Center Tertiary Government Hospital Population: Nineteen patients aged 15 years old and above, diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, with nasal polyposis grade 3, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2015 to August 2015 Results: Nasal cavities that received postoperative dexamethasone-impregnated nasal packs showed significantly lower POSE scores than placebo on post-op Days 14 (p value 0.0022; 95% CI: -2.113 to -0.5116) as well as lower Lund-Kennedy Scores on post-op day 14 (p value of 0.0180; 95% CI: -2.493 to – 0.2571) and day 28 (p value of 0.007; 95% CI: -1.56275 to -0.2832) Conclusion: Dexamethasone-impregnated absorbable nasal packing affords better postoperative outcomes: less edema, crusting, secretions, and synechiae, than saline-impregnated absorbable packing in later postoperative days. Keywords: Dexamethasone, endoscopy, nasal polyp, nasal cavity, intranasal absorption

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Frame, Scott B., Blaine L. Enderson, Ulf Schmidt, and Kimball I. Maull. "Intrahepatic absorbable fine mesh packing of hepatic injuries: Preliminary clinical report." World Journal of Surgery 19, no. 4 (1995): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00294726.

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Chandra, Rakesh K., David B. Conley, and Robert C. Kern. "The Effect of FloSeal on Mucosal Healing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Comparison with Thrombin-Soaked Gelatin Foam." American Journal of Rhinology 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194589240301700109.

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Background The optimal form of nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) still has not been established. Although wide variations exist among sinus surgeons, the goals are adequate hemostasis, rapid healing, and patient comfort. Preliminary studies indicated that FloSeal (FS), a novel absorbable hemostatic paste used as a nasal pack, was associated with minimal postoperative discomfort and effective hemostasis. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of this agent on mucosal healing in ESS. Methods Twenty consecutive patients underwent bilateral ESS. For each patient, one ethmoid cavity was randomized to receive FS and the other received thrombin-soaked gelatin foam. The extent of granulation tissue and adhesion formation was evaluated at 6–8 weeks after surgery. Results No significant differences were observed between the FS and the thrombin-soaked gelatin foam groups with respect to the preoperative Lund-Mackay score, extent of surgery performed, or need for additional nasal packing. However, the FS group showed clear trends toward increased granulation tissue (p = 0.007) and adhesion (p = 0.006) formation. Conclusion: Absorbable hemostatic agents are associated with a high degree of patient comfort and provide hemostasis comparable with traditional techniques. Different materials may induce differential patterns of mucosal healing, potentially affecting the ultimate result of ESS.

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Little, Andrew S., Daniel Kelly, John Milligan, Chester Griffiths, Daniel M. Prevedello, Ricardo L. Carrau, Gail Rosseau, et al. "Predictors of sinonasal quality of life and nasal morbidity after fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 6 (June 2015): 1458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns141624.

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OBJECT Despite the increasing application of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions, the prognostic factors that are associated with sinonasal quality of life (QOL) and nasal morbidity are not well understood. The authors examine the predictors of sinonasal QOL and nasal morbidity in patients undergoing fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. METHODS An exploratory post hoc analysis was conducted of patients who underwent endoscopic pituitary surgery and were enrolled in a prospective multicenter QOL study. End points of the study included patient-reported sinonasal QOL and objective nasal endoscopy findings. Multivariate models were developed to determine the patient and surgical factors that correlated with QOL at 2 weeks through 6 months after surgery. RESULTS This study is a retrospective review of a subgroup of patients studied in the clinical trial “Rhinological Outcomes in Endonasal Pituitary Surgery” (clinical trial no. NCT01504399, clinicaltrials.gov). Data from 100 patients who underwent fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery were included. Predictors of a lower postoperative sinonasal QOL at 2 weeks were use of nasal splints (p = 0.039) and female sex at the trend level (p = 0.061); at 3 months, predictors of lower QOL were the presence of sinusitis (p = 0.025), advancing age (p = 0.044), and use of absorbable nasal packing (p = 0.014). Health status (multidimensional QOL) was also predictive at 2 weeks (p = 0.001) and 3 months (p < 0.001) and was the only significant predictor of sinonasal QOL at 6 months (p < 0.001). A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to study time to resolution of nasal crusting, mucopurulence, and synechia as observed during nasal endoscopy after surgery. The mean time (± SEM) to absence of nasal crusting was 16.3 ± 2.1 weeks, mucopurulence was 6.2 ± 1.1 weeks, and synechia was 4.4 ± 0.5 weeks. Use of absorbable nasal packing was associated with more severe mucopurulence. CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal QOL following endoscopic pituitary surgery reaches a nadir at 2 weeks and recovers by 3 months postoperatively. Use of absorbable packing and nasal splints, while used in a minority of patients, negatively correlates with early sinonasal QOL. Sinonasal QOL and overall health status are well correlated in the postoperative period, suggesting the important influence of sinonasal QOL on the patient experience.

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Hwang, Chi Sang, Salma Saud Al Sharhan, Bo Ra Kim, Soo In Kim, Jin Woong Kim, Hyung-Ju Cho, Joo-Heon Yoon, and Chang-Hoon Kim. "Randomized controlled trial of steroid-soaked absorbable calcium alginate nasal packing following endoscopic sinus surgery." Laryngoscope 128, no. 2 (September 22, 2017): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.26871.

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Procacci, Pasquale, L. Trevisiol, P. F. Nocini, V. Favero, and A. D’Agostino. "Modified technique for endoscopic endonasal reduction of medial orbital wall fracture using an absorbable packing." Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 21, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10006-016-0606-x.

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Ryu, Gwanghui, Young Sang Cho, Sang Duk Hong, Hyo Yeol Kim, Seung-Kyu Chung, and Hun-Jong Dhong. "The Effect of Triamcinolone-Soaked Gelfoam in Patients with Polypoid Mucosal Change after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Journal of Rhinology 27, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2019.00288.

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Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) recurs frequently after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone-soaked absorbable gelatin foam (gelfoam) as a treatment for recurred polypoid changes after ESS.Subjects and Method: A total of 35 patients and 57 nasal cavities was retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent triamcinolone- infused gelfoam packing for 1 week under nasal endoscopic guidance. Endoscopic scores were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. We analyzed clinical characteristics between success and failure groups.Results: Endoscopic scores were significantly improved after triamcinolone-soaked gelfoam packing, and the effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up (1.85±0.61 vs. 0.82±0.77, p＜0.001). Duration between surgery and gelfoam packing was shorter in the success group compared to the failure group (8.2±6.9 vs. 13.7±8.4 weeks, p=0.033). Serum eosinophil cationic protein and tissue eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the failure group (p=0.025 and p=0.010, respectively).Conclusion: Triamcinolone-soaked gelfoam packing is an effective and safe method for managing recurrent polypoid change in patients with CRSwNP after ESS. Early intervention contributed to a successful result, and eosinophilic inflammation was associated with poor outcomes.

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Angeli, Simon, Sarah Connell, Brian Gibson, Ali Ozdek, John T. McElveen, and Thomas R. Van De Water. "Injectable Form of Cross-Linked Hyaluronan is Effective for Middle Ear Wound Healing." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116, no. 9 (September 2007): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600908.

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Objectives: Two studies were designed to investigate a hyaluronan (HA) gel for middle ear (ME) wound healing. Methods: We used a guinea pig model of ME wound healing. In a long-term study, we performed a comparison of hearing and ME inflammation in 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 8) underwent bilateral wounding of ME mucosa and unilateral packing of the ME with HA gel (Sepragel). Group 2 (n = 6) was the same as group 1 except that the packing was absorbable bovine collagen sponges (Gelfoam). Group 3, the control group (n = 14), had operated, unpacked ears. In a short-term study, we investigated ME retention of HA gel at 1 and 2 weeks (n = 16). Results: At 1 week, all ears showed decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) secondary to ME packing and postsurgical inflammation. The controls recovered preoperative DPOAEs and ABRs by week 2. Group 1 had decreased low-frequency DPOAEs at weeks 2 and 6, but their high-frequency DPOAEs and ABRs recovered to preoperative values by week 6. Group 2 had hearing losses that persisted throughout the study. Group 1 showed normal ME and inner ear histologic characteristics. Group 2 showed inflammatory cells within the ME and cochleas. Group 1 showed less packing retention than did group 2 at week 6 (p = 016). Eighty-five percent of the HA packing remained at 1 week, and 73% at 2 weeks. Conclusions: Hyaluronan gel was a relatively safe and effective ME packing material in our animal model.

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Franklin, Jason H., and Erin D. Wright. "Randomized, Controlled, Study of Absorbable Nasal Packing on Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis." American Journal of Rhinology 21, no. 2 (March 2007): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3011.

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Bunzen, Débora Lopes, Nathalia Lins, Mariana de Carvalho Leal, Mariana Montenegro de Melo Lira, and Silvio da Silva Caldas Neto. "Middle ear packing materials: comparison between absorbable hemostatic gelatine sponge and sugarcane biopolymer sponge in rats1." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 80, no. 3 (May 2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2013.08.001.

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Wang, Tang-Chuan, Chih-Jaan Tai, Yung-An Tsou, Li-Tai Tsai, Yu-Fen Li, and Ming-Hsui Tsai. "Absorbable and nonabsorbable packing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 272, no. 8 (June 14, 2014): 1825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3107-2.

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Comer, Brett T., Kristan P. Alfonso, Edward J. Doyle, James A. Gallogly, Matthew C. Simpson, and Jastin L. Antisdel. "Analysis of Absorbable Hemostatic Packing Compared to Physiologic Hemostasis in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery With or Without Septoplasty." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419848893.

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Background There currently are no randomized studies examining if absorbable hemostatic packing (AHP) results in better objective and subjective outcomes than physiologic healing in sinus surgery with or without septoplasty. Objective The objective of this study is to examine outcomes after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with or without septoplasty with the use of AHP versus physiologic hemostasis and healing. Methods A prospective randomized control trial was performed at 2 tertiary academic institutions. Fifty-nine patients undergoing bilateral FESS with or without septoplasty were enrolled and randomized to receive AHP in 1 middle meatus and no packing contralaterally. Subjective outcomes (pain, bleeding, obstruction, discharge) on self-reported visual analog scale questionnaires were tabulated on postoperative days 0, 1, 7, and 14 by the patient. Endoscopic outcomes (synechiae formation, edema, infection, granulation, debridement, crusting) were measured at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postoperatively by their surgeon. Results No significant differences were identified in subjective or endoscopic outcomes with AHP use. Concurrent septoplasty patients with AHP experienced no sustainable difference in subjective or endoscopic outcomes compared to septoplasty control. No sustainable differences were found among the types of AHP or the 2 surgeons. Conclusion This first reported prospective randomized study of patients with nonstrict selection criteria found AHP made no significant difference on subjective and objective postoperative outcomes as compared to physiologic hemostasis. Previous AHP-specific studies have shown differences in carefully selected patient groups. Generalizing study-proved benefits of specific AHP to all AHP is shown to be not appropriate.

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Choi, Ji Eun, Jae-Hun Lee, So-Young Chang, Min Young Lee, and Jae Yun Jung. "Clinical Implications of Poloxamer 407 as Packing Material in an Animal Model." Audiology and Neurotology 24, no. 2 (2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500661.

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Background: Endoscopic ear surgery has recently increased, but it is still inconvenient and time-consuming to place packing material in the middle ear with one hand. Poloxamer 407 (P407) is a thermo-reversible gel that can be easily administered with one hand into the middle ear cavity in liquid form. Upon warming to body temperature, the gel form of P407 can support the graft in the target position and is known to prevent postsurgical tissue adhesion. Objectives: We aim to investigate the feasibility of P407 as packing material in an animal model. Male Hartley guinea pigs (350 and 400 g) were utilized in this study. Method: The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the packing material: the control group, the P407 group, and the gelatin group. To assess the role of packing material on bacterial colonization, left ears were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae through the tympanic membrane using a 0° endoscope. Five days after inoculation, the middle ear cavity was packed through a transbullar approach using 18% P407 or gelatin in both ears. In the control group, no ear pack was inserted. The tympanic membrane was examined every week using a 0° 1.9-mm endoscope until 6 weeks. Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed 6 weeks after placement of the packing materials. Results: Compared with the absorbable gelatin sponge, the P407 group showed little inflammation or fibrosis in the tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa regardless of bacterial inoculation. The gelatin group showed severe otorrhea or perforation until 2 weeks in the right ear (2 of 4) and the left ear (1 of 4). Even though the endoscopic findings were similar between both packing groups at 6 weeks, histological analysis showed persistent packing material, inflammatory cells, and fibrosis in the gelatin group compared to the P407 group. Conclusions: This study suggested that P407 is feasible as a packing material to handle with one hand and to prevent adhesion, especially in infected middle ear mucosa. Although there is a lack of data on how well P407 supports grafts, we suggest that P407 could be a candidate for packing material in endoscopic ear surgery.

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Aldag, I., N. West, L. Flemons, and S. Mirza. "147 Retained absorbable nasal packing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in paediatric cystic fibrosis patients with chronic rhinosinusitis." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 14 (June 2015): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30324-6.

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Bogner, Robin M., Douglas D. Dedo, and Harvey Cove. "Preliminary Results of the Effects of Various Suture Material on the Rat Ear." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 10, no. 2 (June 1993): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689301000208.

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The re-approximation of septal flaps after septoplasty or septorhinoplasty may be complicated by a septal perforation. In the usual operative sequence the mucoperichondrial flaps are elevated on either side of the septum and after morselization the cartilage is placed back into the septal pocket for support and preservation of the integrity of the septum itself. Re-approximation of the septal flaps, septal suturing, septal splints, and packing have all been used alone or in combination to close the septal pocket and prevent hematoma. In order to determine the effects of suturing the septum on the formation of septal perforations, the rat ear was chosen as the experimental model. Like the nasal septum it is made up of a cartilaginous framework covered on both sides by skin. Unlike the nose, the lining is epithelium and not pseudostratified columnar ciliated respiratory epithelium. However, the healing and absorbing qualities of the two types of epithelium are very similar in nature. Three different types of suture material were placed in the rat ear. Chromic and polyglycolic acid absorbable sutures were placed in the ear and followed grossly and histologically until completely absorbed. A stainless steel staple was used as a control to determine if the epithelium would “pierce” the ear similar to the technique of piercing the ears for earrings. The results of this study show that as the absorbable suture is dissolved the diameter of the tract through the ear gradually decreases and healing occurs without a permanent perforation. However, the stainless steel staple allowed the epithelium to migrate along the shaft, producing a perforation. From these results, the conclusion can be made that suturing the septum with an absorbable suture probably does not contribute significantly to permanent septal perforations.

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Kim, Young Gun, Sang Jun Kim, and Woo Yong Bae. "Prevention of Septal Perforation Using a Combination of Crushed Cartilage and Thin Silastic Sheet During Septoplasty." Journal of Rhinology 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2021.00378.

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Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a combination of crushed cartilage and thin silastic sheet for patients with a risk of septal perforation during septoplasty.Materials and Methods: A total of 195 people who underwent septoplasty surgery at Dong-A University Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. Among 195 people, our surgical method was provided for those with damage to both septal mucosa. The cartilage was collected, crushed with the cartilage crusher, and inserted between perforated mucosa. After the cartilage insertion, a 0.254-mm-thin silastic sheet was designed to cover both sides of the perforated septal mucosa. Next, a penetrating suture was placed. After thin silastic was applied on both mucosa, a 1-mm-thick silastic sheet was inserted on both sides of the nasal cavity and penetrating sutures were placed on the anterior and inferior septum. The operation concluded after packing both sides of the nasal cavity using non-absorbable packing material. The packing was removed on the second day after the operation, and the nasal cavity condition was checked every week. Thick silastic sheets were removed 5 days after surgery, and thin silastic sheets were maintained until both septal mucosa healed.Results: Of nine total cases, only one 78-year-old male experienced septal perforation at the cartilage portion two months after surgery. In this case, no other action was taken to cover the perforation site because he reported no symptoms or discomfort during the 9 months after surgery. In the other eight cases, both septal mucosa healed completely, and there were no complications.Conclusion: This method with crushed cartilage and silastic sheets to fill the defect after septal surgery is thought to help prevent postoperative perforation at no additional cost, and further research is needed.

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Grzeskowiak, Blazej, Malgorzata Wierzchowska, Rafal Walorek, Malgorzata Seredyka-Burduk, Katarzyna Wawrzyniak, and Pawel Krzysztof Burduk. "Steroid vs. antibiotic impregnated absorbable nasal packing for wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 85, no. 4 (July 2019): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.04.002.

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Miller, Robert Sean, David L. Steward, Thomas A. Tami, Michael J. Sillars, Allen M. Seiden, Mona Shete, Christopher Paskowski, and Jeff Welge. "The Clinical Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Ester Nasal Dressing (Merogel) on Intranasal Wound Healing after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 128, no. 6 (June 2003): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59980300460-1.

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OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the efficacy of MeroGel, an absorbable hyaluronic acid nasal dressing (HA) in reducing synechia after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) compared with Merocel, a nonabsorbable packing (NAP) requiring removal. METHODS: We conducted a blinded, randomized, controlled trial of 37 patients requiring bilateral FESS for chronic sinusitis. Patients were randomized to placement of HA within the right or left middle meatus and NAP on the other side. Patients were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Blinded evaluation revealed 5 patients (14%) with synechia at last follow-up: 3 sides (8%) with HA and 3 (8%) with NAP. Thirteen patients (35%) had synechia at any visit, 10 sides (27%) with HA and 9 (24%) with NAP. Seven patients (19%) required lysis of synechia, 5 sides (14%) with HA and 3 (8%) with NAP. CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant difference between HA and NAP dressings.

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Kameswaran, Mohan, S. Raghunandhan, and John K. Thomas. "A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of a Novel Biodegradable Synthetic Polyurethane Foam (Nasopore) vs Standard Polyvinyl Acetate Sponge (Merocel) as Packing Material after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: The First Indian Experience." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 7, no. 3 (2014): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1208.

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ABSTRACT Background In Indian clinical practice, conventional nasal packing for hemostasis after routine rhinological surgery is usually performed with Vaseline (paraffin) gauze, and rarely with glove-finger packs or tamponade balloons. These materials are tedious to pack and cause discomfort to the patient on removal. Newer nasal packs which have recently emerged in the Indian scenario are found to be more user-friendly, equally effective for hemostasis and less traumatic to the operated nasal mucosa. Most rhinologists today, prefer to use polyvinyl acetate sponge packs (Merocel/Ivalon) for tamponade after nasal surgery. These packs are very effective but non-absorbable and need to be removed which does not augur well with many patients postoperatively. The recent entry of a biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam (Nasopore) as an alternative nasal packing material, has evoked new interest, which initiated this study. Study method This prospective randomized double-blinded controlled study was aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and patient comfort level, while using Merocel and Nasopore as packing material after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study included thirty adults who were diagnosed with moderate to severe bilaterally comparable chronic rhinosinusitis, who underwent FESS under general anesthesia and received size-matched nasal packs randomly - Merocel on one side and Nasopore on the other. The assessment of clinical efficacy of both packs with regards to ease of packing, hemostasis, pressure effects, infections and adhesions was done with a Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy at first postoperative day, first week and fourth week after surgery. All Merocel packs were removed on the first postoperative day. Patient comfort levels for both packs were recorded with a standard symptom questionnaire marked on a visual analogue scale of ten and the results were statistically compared between the two groups. Results Comparable outcomes were found while using Merocel or Nasopore with regards to ease of nasal packing and control of postoperative bleeding. There was a statistical difference in the hemostatic property between the two materials in the immediate postoperative period. Five out of 30 patients developed reactionary bleeds with Nasopore, which required repacking with same material within the first 24 hours, but no further bleeds were noted. Two out of these five patients on the first postoperative day had migration of Nasopore toward the choana and had to be repacked with additional Nasopore. Sequential postoperative nasal endoscopy revealed that Nasopore is more mucosal friendly with lesser incidence of adhesions, synechiae, infection and edema, with better biocompatibility and safety. The major success with Nasopore was found to be, the fact that no pack removal was necessary, which immensely improved patient satisfaction and willingness to use the material when compared to Merocel. This was proved by the patient's symptom questionnaire which showed significant benefits of Nasopore over Merocel with regards to compliance and comfort levels. Conclusion Nasopore is a novel biodegradable synthetic material which is clinically as efficacious and patient-friendly as Merocel and is suitable for postoperative nasal packing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The clinical benefits of Nasopore and its outcomes among patients as recorded in our study, stands proof to support Nasopore as a successful packing material in rhinological surgery. How to cite this article Raghunandhan S, Kameswaran M, Thomas JK. A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of a Novel Biodegradable Synthetic Polyurethane Foam (Nasopore) vs Standard Polyvinyl Acetate Sponge (Merocel) as Packing Material after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: The First Indian Experience. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):105-111.

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Winston, Ken R., and Marjorie C. Wang. "Cranial bone fixation: review of literature and description of a new procedure." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 3 (September 2003): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.3.0484.

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Object. Fixation of cranial bone flaps should be reliable, safe, rapid, esthetically acceptable, and inexpensive. It should require minimal foreign material, and ideally it should produce no artifacts on neuroimaging. The authors describe a new procedure that meets these criteria. Methods. In this procedure, the cranial bone flap is affixed by tightly packing into the surrounding kerf the shims of bone that are harvested from the under edge of the free bone flap and then securing the flap with absorbable sutures. The result is a keystone arrangement that locks the flap into the craniotomy site. Conclusions. The bone shim method for cranial bone fixation was used successfully in 386 of 387 consecutive craniotomies in adults. This procedure for cranial flap fixation is reliable, safe, and rapid, and it achieves solid structural stability with excellent esthetic results. No special tools are required, and, because no plates, screws, or wire are used, all problems associated with these materials are avoided, including the artifacts on postoperative neuroimaging. This method is conceptually simple and quite inexpensive.

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Khafagy, Ahmed Gamal, and Ahmed Mahmoud Maarouf. "Polyurethane Versus Chitosan-Based Polymers Nasal Packs After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Study." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 35, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892420983645.

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Background Different packing materials are applied to the nose at the end of surgery to maintain drainage and sinus ventilation of the paranasal sinuses and avoid some complications such as bleeding, infection, crustations, adhesions in the middle meatus and lateralization of the middle turbinate. Objective The study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of two absorbable packing materials, the synthetic polyurethane, and the naturally occurring Chitosan-based polymers (CBP) nasal packs, after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods Fifty patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypi were operated with 100 surgical cavities. At the end of the surgery, one side was randomly packed with synthetic polyurethane and the opposite side with CBP nasal pack. Measure their outcomes at week 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 as the presence of remnants materials in the middle meatus, crustations, adhesions, bleeding, granulations, infection, and general satisfaction of patients. Results CBP nasal pack shows a statistically significant advantage only in the first two weeks as regard remnants material, crusting and bleeding. All over the 12 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference between the two types of packs as regard granulations, adhesions and infection. In the first month, eight patients of the CBP group experienced bad smell and two patients had watery rhinorrhea as adverse reaction without a statistically significant difference. Patients were generally satisfied without a statistically significant difference between the two types of packs. Conclusion Synthetic polyurethane and Chitosan-based polymers nasal packs are safe and efficient regarding; the mucosal healing, bleeding control, and the overall satisfaction of patients. The CBP showed a higher statistically significant advantage in the first two weeks only regarding the amount of the retained material, crusting as well as bleeding. Patients packed with CBP experienced fish-like smelly odor and watery rhinorrhea but there is no statistically significant difference.

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Tang, Dennis, Christopher Roxbury, Brian D'Anza, Varun Kshettry, Troy Woodard, Pablo Recinos, and Raj Sindwani. "Technical notes on the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction for odontoidectomy." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 2 (March 2018): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418762659.

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Introduction: Odontoidectomy can help decompress ventral compression of the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord in the presence of bony abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), e.g., an odontoid pannus. Endonasal approaches have been shown to be associated with lower morbidity compared with traditional transoral approaches. We demonstrated an entirely endonasal approach to the CVJ. Materials and Methods: We presented our technique for performing an endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy. Results: The patient underwent an open posterior cervical spinal fusion to stabilize the CVJ due to destabilization that occurs with odontoidectomy either as part of a single procedure or in a staged manner, depending on the surgeon's preference. By using a two-surgeon, multihanded technique in collaboration with neurosurgery, the anterior CVJ was safely approached endoscopically through the nasopharynx. A midline incision was created and the soft tissue was lateralized widely. The first cervical vertebra (C1) arch was removed with a drill exposing the odontoid process and any associated pannus, which were then resected. Because this approach was entirely extradural, no reconstruction was necessary. Closure was accomplished by placing absorbable packing material in the defect and medializing the nasopharyngeal tissues. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy offers excellent exposure and less morbidity than traditional transoral approaches. This technique should be considered in appropriately selected patients.

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Ali, Rohana, Ivan Keogh, and John Lang. "Endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: the role of radio-frequency coblation." Surgical Techniques Development 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2011): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/std.2011.e13.

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Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are histologically benign but locally aggressive vascular tumors that can result in major morbidity and mortality. They exclusively affect adolescent male and are rare in patients older than 25 years. The management of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is primarily surgical. Most small and medium sized tumors are resected endoscopically with a microdebrider. Our presentation demonstrates the role of radio-frequency coblation in the endoscopic management of angiofibroma that is confined to the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses. Through a brief video presentation, viewers will be able to appreciate the role of this instrument. We reviewed the case of an adult male patient who presented to our institute with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. He underwent pre-operative embolization followed by endoscopic coblation of the tumor. A video demonstration is presented of a patient with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who underwent successful transnasal endoscopic coblation. The coblator was used to resect the tumour attachment at the posterior end of the middle turbinate and the nasopharynx. The tumor was resected en-bloc and pushed into the oropharynx and eventually removed trans-orally. The natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus was enlarged and the residual tumor was removed. Absorbable nasal packing was inserted for haemostasis. Intra-operative bleeding was negligible. Radio-frequency coblation has a definite role in the endoscopic resection of small and medium sized nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. This technique is easy to learn and is extremely efficient. Tumors can be removed with minimal or no damage to surrounding tissues and intra-operative bleeding is negligible.

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Miyachi, S., M. Negoro, T. Okamoto, O. Suzuki, and J. Yoshida. "Effectiveness and Pitfall of Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations." Interventional Neuroradiology 5, no. 1_suppl (November 1999): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199990050s127.

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We studied the course of perisurgical complications of 66 AVMs and discussed the approapriate precautions. Of 66 patients with AVMs, 14 underwent postembolization surgical removal, and 43 underwent radiosurgery. Four patients were cured with total occlusion of their AVM by embolization alone. 48 patients achieved a more than 70% occlusion of the nidus. We observed 12 complications including 3 permanent and 9 temporary. Four complications occurred immediately after the embolization due to overembolization or thromboembolism, and 7 were observed several hours later which might have been caused by retrograde thrombosis or a chemical reaction to the glue. While presurgical embolization deep-seated feeders must be embolized along with fistulous or high-flow feeders, 4 cases of 2nd embolization following radiosurgery showed that meningeal feeders developed or recanalized in cases embolized with absorbable particles. Thus, preradiosurgically, fistulous and meningeal feeders should be treated, and the nidus must be packed with embolic materials with no risk of recanalization. Successful nidus packing performed in 10 AVMs yielded a further nidus reduction before radiosurgery. The intranidal aneurysms which pose a high risk of rebleeding were also embolized. In order to avoid complications in the embolization of AVM, the angioarchitecture, hemodynamics and the relationship to brain function should be well recognized by preoperative functional imaging and superselective angiograms, and adequate embolic materials should be properly injected. As an embolization strategy, the priority of the target feeders should depend on the treatment to follow, and aggressive embolization of risky feeders or causing abrupt hemodynamic change should be avoided.

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Higgins, Thomas S., Bülent Öcal, Ridwan Adams, and Arthur W. Wu. "“In-Office Balloon Sinus Ostial Dilation with Concurrent Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps”." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419887195.

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Objective: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and balloon sinus ostial dilation (BSD) are well-recognized minimally invasive surgical treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) refractory symptoms to medical therapy. Patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies (AAT) usually are recommended to discontinue their medications around the period of endoscopic sinus surgery. The goal of this study is to assess the clinical experience of BSD in CRSsNP patients with concurrent anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Methods: A review of prospectively-collected clinical data from October 2012 to March 2017 were used to perform a cohort study of subjects with CRSsNP who met criteria for surgical intervention while on antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. Data were collected on demographics, details of the procedures, type of AAT used, pre- and postoperative 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, and complications. Results: Thirty-five patients underwent in-office BSD while on antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy. The mean difference in pre- and postoperative SNOT-22 scores of 9.9 (SD 14.4, P < .001) was both statistically significant and exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of 8.9. Absorbable nasal packing was used for persistent bleeding immediately post-procedure in two patients. Intraoperative bleeding was associated with aspirin 325 mg and warfarin. FESS was required for further management of chronic sinusitis in four patients after anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy could be discontinued. There were no systemic complications. None of the patients experienced significant bleeding events postoperatively after leaving the office. Conclusion: In-office BSD appears to be a safe alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery in select patients who cannot discontinue antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. Levels of Evidence: IV

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Abd-Elmaksoud, DaliaRagab, AymanAbdelaal Mohamady, HossamAbdelhay Gad, AshrafSalah El-Hamshary, and Abd-Elhakeem Fouad Ghallab. "Comparative study between absorbable and Non-Absorbable nasal packings after nasal surgeries." Pan Arab Journal of Rhinology 10, no. 2 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pajr.pajr_16_20.

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Hrytsenko, Olha, Dmytro Hrytsenko, Vitaliy Shvalagin, Galyna Grodziuk, and Mikhail Kompanets. "The Use of Carbon Nanoparticles for Inkjet-Printed Functional Labels for Smart Packaging." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6485654.

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Smart packaging functions can be provided by printing functional labels onto packaging materials using inkjet printing and inks with changeable photoluminescence properties. Carbon nanoparticles are considered a perspective fluorescent component of such inks. Ink compositions based on carbon nanoparticles are developed and adapted for inkjet printing on paper packaging materials for producing smart packaging labels. The influence of technological factors of the printing process on the photoluminescence characteristics of the printed images is investigated. The main investigated factors are the concentration of carbon nanoparticles, the relative area of raster elements of a raster field of a tone image, the absorbance and surface smoothness of paper. The resulting parameters are photoluminescence intensity and color. It is found that in case of changes in surface smoothness and absorbance of paper and concentrations of carbon nanoparticles in the ink compositions, the photoluminescence intensity of a printed image changes while its photoluminescence color remains the same. To obtain the highest contrast of tone inkjet-printed images with carbon nanoparticles on papers with any absorbance, the highest concentration of carbon nanoparticles in the ink composition should be used. However, the highest contrast and the highest own photoluminescence intensity of a tone inkjet-printed image with inks with carbon nanoparticles can be achieved only on papers with the lowest absorbance. The most noticeable difference between photoluminescence intensity of printed images on papers with any absorbance can be obtained with the lower concentration of carbon nanoparticles in the ink composition (10 mg/mL). The optimum concentrations of carbon nanoparticles in the composition are determined: for papers with low absorbance—10 mg/mL, and for papers with medium and high absorbance—25 mg/mL. Analytical dependency is created for photoluminescence intensity of images printed with inkjet printing inks with carbon nanoparticles as a function of the studied technological factors. Some design solutions for photoluminescent labels are suggested.

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Al-Husseini, Afnan H., Abdulkareem M. A. Al-Sammarraie, and Wasan R. Saleh. "Specific NH₃ Gas Sensor Worked at Room Temperature Based on MWCNTs-OH Network." Nano Hybrids and Composites 23 (December 2018): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.23.8.

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Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) network with thickness 4μm was made by the vacuum filtration from suspension (FFS) method. The morphology, structure and optical properties of the MWCNTs film were characterized by SEM and UV-Vis. spectra techniques. The SEM images reflected highly ordered network in the form of ropes or bundles with close-packing which looks like spaghetti. The absorbance spectrum revealed that the network has a good absorbance in the UV-Vis. region. The gas sensor system was used to test the MWCNT-OH network to detect NH3gas at room temperature. The resistance of the sensor was increased when exposed to the NH3gas. The sensitivities of the network were 1.3% at 14ppm, 3.3% at 27ppm and 6.13% at 68ppm. The sensor is specifically sensitive to NH3gas and does not affect by the amount of ambient air.

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Havelt, Thomas, Jan Niklas Frase, Ralf Pude, and Michaela Schmitz. "Characterisation of Bioactive Ingredients in Extracts of Fresh and Dried Coniferous Trees for the Development of Sustainable Packaging Materials." Processes 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111366.

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Background: Coniferous woods (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach, Abies procera Rehd, Picea abies (L.) H.Karst, and Picea pungens Engelm.) could contain useful secondary metabolites to produce sustainable packaging materials, e.g., by substitution of harmful petrol-based additives in plastic packaging. This study aims to characterise the antioxidant and light-absorbing properties and ingredients of different coniferous wood extracts with regard to different plant fragments and drying conditions. Furthermore, the valorisation of used Christmas trees is evaluated. Methods: Different drying and extraction techniques were applied with the extracts being characterised by determining the total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and absorbance in the ultraviolet range (UV). Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an acid–butanol assay (ABA) were used to characterise the extract constituents. Results: All the extracts show a considerably high UV absorbance while interspecies differences did occur. All the fresh and some of the dried biomass extracts reached utilisable TAC and TPC values. A simplified extraction setup for industrial application is evaluated; comparable TAC results could be reached with modifications. Conclusion: Coniferous woods are a promising renewable resource for preparation of sustainable antioxidants and photostabilisers. This particularly applies to Christmas trees used for up to 12 days. After extraction, the biomass can be fully valorised by incorporation in paper packaging.

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Sillman, A. J., E. K. Ong, and E. R. Loew. "Spectral absorbance, structure, and population density of photoreceptors in the retina of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 4 (April 2007): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-033.

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Lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) photoreceptors were studied with scanning electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry. The retina contains both rods and cones, with cones estimated composing about 30% of the photoreceptor population. Only large single cones were identified and they are similar to those found in other species of the order Acipenseriformes. The rods are large, with long, broad outer segments, and are similar to the dominant rod found in other sturgeons and the North American paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)). Mean (SD) rod packing density at 22 624 ± 3 509 rods/mm2 is low compared with those of other animals that function primarily in dim light. The visual pigment of the rods has a mean (SD) peak absorbance (λmax) at 541 ± 2 nm. Three different cone populations were identified: a long wavelength sensitive cone containing a visual pigment with λmax at 619 ± 3 nm; middle wavelength sensitive cone with λmax at 538 ± 1 nm; and short wavelength sensitive cone with λmax at 448 ± 1 nm. All the visual pigments are based on the vitamin A2 chromophore.

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Al-Baarri, A. N., F. P. Lestari, H. M. Wahda, Widayat, and A. M. Legowo. "Physicochemical properties of vacuum packaged snake fruits in the presence of olive leave extract." Food Research 4, S1 (February 26, 2020): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s37.

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This research was done to investigate the effectiveness of the presence of olive leaf extract in vacuum packaging in maintaining the physicochemical properties of fresh-cut snake fruit under ambient temperature. The snake fruits were vacuum packaged in the presence of 3% (v/w) olive leave extract (OLE) and stored in room temperature for 8 days of storage. The physicochemical properties including color changes, firmness, and total dissolved solid (TDS) were observed. The results indicated that addition olive leaves extract in vacuum packaging gave the best result by inhibiting color changes by declining in total color difference by 10.88, BI 5.08, absorbance 2.750 Ǻ declining in hardness by 14.61% and lowest TDS level. As an alternative method of storing fresh-cut snake fruit under ambient conditions, vacuum packaging containing olive leave extract can be used.

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Eling Bunga Nurani, Amatullah Syarifah, Nilta Dizzania, Deni Agustin Wulandari, and Amyda Ayu Dianritami. "Pengembangan Plastik Pengemas Obat yang Informatif dan Beradsorben." INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i1.146.

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The problem of labeling on plastic medicine packaging which is less informative and its function in maintaining drug quality is very crucial. The purpose of this research and development is to produce informative and absorbent drug packaging plastics. The method used is the ADDIE research and development model. The development stage is carried out by testing physical stability and chemical stability testing. The implementation phase was carried out by asking for responses from 10 pharmacists and 15 ordinary people. Based on the results of the physical stability test, the drug stored in the plastic packaging of the drug that was developed was more physically stable. Based on the results of chemical stability tests, the absorbance of drugs stored in drug packaging plastics developed is more stable than ordinary drug packaging plastics, which is indicated by a smaller slope value. Based on the questionnaires distributed to pharmacists, they strongly agree with the adequacy of the information and agree with the readability, attractiveness of appearance, and usefulness of the adsorbent in the plastic drug packaging developed. Based on the questionnaires distributed to the general public, they strongly agree with the adequacy of the information and agree with the readability, attractiveness of appearance, and the usefulness of the adsorbent in the plastic drug packaging developed.

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De Paola, Maria Gabriela, Rosy Paletta, Catia Giovanna Lopresto, Giuseppe Emanuele Lio, Antonio De Luca, Sudip Chakraborty, and Vincenza Calabrò. "Stability of Film-Forming Dispersions: Affects the Morphology and Optical Properties of Polymeric Films." Polymers 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091464.

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Starch-based films are promising alternatives to synthetic films in food packaging. They were widely studied in terms of mechanical and optical properties. In food packaging, optical properties are of great interest because ultra violet (UV-light) protection is strictly required. Nevertheless, the characterization of film-forming dispersions was poorly addressed, especially regarding its correlation with the film produced. In this work, we characterized film-forming dispersions at different compositions of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by Turbiscan. This instrument is based on multiple light scattering and gives significant information about the miscibility of polymers in the dispersed phase. Indeed, it identifies the phenomena of destabilization and phase separation before their visibility to the unaided eye. This work aimed to study whether the homogeneous/inhomogeneous morphology of films could be forecast by the analysis of profiles obtained in the dispersed phase. The films produced were investigated by optical microscopy and absorbance analysis. As the CMC fraction increased, Turbiscan showed reduced phase separation. This implies better miscibility of mixture components and higher gelification degree. The related film was more homogeneous and presented higher UV absorbance. Consequently, film-forming dispersions and optical properties of films are strictly correlated and Turbiscan-based analysis is very useful to investigate the dispersion stability and predict the film quality.

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Cocetta, Giacomo, Roberto Beghi, Ilaria Mignani, and Anna Spinardi. "Nondestructive Apple Ripening Stage Determination Using the Delta Absorbance Meter at Harvest and after Storage." HortTechnology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03495-16.

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The delta absorbance (DA) meter is a handheld instrument which noninvasively measures the chlorophyll content in fruits. In the present work, it was used to monitor the ripening process linked to the climacteric phase in apple (Malus ×domestica). The results [index of absorbance difference (IAD)] were correlated to quality attributes at harvest and after commercial scale storage at different conditions. Two cultivars (Red Delicious, Golden Delicious) were analyzed in two different seasons, whereas Morgenduft and Gala were analyzed only in the first and second seasons, respectively. In general, a linear reduction of the IAD values was observed in all apple cultivars along with the progression of ripening and ethylene biosynthesis. When ethylene production was inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, the decrease of IAD values was markedly reduced. IAD threshold values for each cultivar were identified, delineating the central phase of the ethylene climacteric rise. Predictive models were built by correlating IAD index to the soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness measured at harvest and after removal from different storage regimes. The best model was developed for SSC prediction on ‘Red Delicious’ apple [ratio performance deviation (RPD) = 1.88] and for firmess evaluation in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (RPD = 1.84). Moreover, IAD values were consistently associated with the differences in fruit quality as affected by optimal and suboptimal storage conditions. The IAD, due to its acceptable accuracy and speed of assessment, can be a promising tool for assisting in sorting apples before and after storage in warehouses or commercial packing lines. IAD cannot totally replace standard ripening indices, but can effectively supplement data for these parameters.

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Jadhav, A. P., and S. D. Mali. "HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GALLIC ACID AND EMBELIN IN AVIPATHI CHOORNAM- AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 01 (January 28, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.01.10442.

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of gallic acid and embelin in marketed Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation Avipathi choornam by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic separation was performed on Hemochrom C18 column (250 mm L × 4.6 mm ID column: packing size- 5 μm) with a mobile phase methanol: phosphate buffer pH 3.3 (adjusted with glacial acetic acid) in 75:25 V/V proportion at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 291 nm. Gallic acid and embelin were satisfactorily resolved with Rt values at 2.36 min and 6.67 min, respectively. The developed method was found to be simple, precise and accurate and can be useful for the quality control of raw material as well as formulations containing these phytoconstituents.

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Havelt, Thomas, Sarah Brettschneider, Xuan Tung Do, Imke Korte, Judith Kreyenschmidt, and Michaela Schmitz. "Sustainable Extraction and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds from Horse Chestnut Seed Coats for the Development of Bio-Based Additives." Resources 8, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020114.

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Background: To protect renewable packaging materials against autoxidation and decomposition when substituting harmful synthetic stabilizers with bioactive and bio-based compounds, extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds were evaluated. The study objectives were to determine the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds in horse chestnut seeds with regard to different seed fractions, improve their extraction, and to evaluate waste reuse. Methods: Different extraction techniques for field samples were evaluated and compared with extracts of industrial waste samples based on total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)). The molecular weight distribution and absorbance in ultraviolet range (UV) of seed coat extracts were determined, and the possibility of extracts containing proanthocyanidins was examined. Results: Seed coat extracts show a remarkable antioxidant activity and a high UV absorbance. Passive extractions are efficient and much less laborious. Applying waste product seed coats leads to a reduced antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and UV absorbance compared to the field sample counterparts. In contrast to peeled seed extracts, all seed coat extracts contain proanthocyanidins. Discussion: Seed coats are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly regarding sustainable production and waste reuse. With minimum effort, highly bioactive extracts with high potential as additives can be prepared.

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R, Suresh, Subash S, Thirumal Valavan K, Justin Paul M, and Indira Priyadharshini T. "TiO2 thin films: Impact of substrate temperature on structural and morphological properties." NanoNEXT 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/nnxt2014.

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Smooth and white spherical shaped TiO2 thin films are successfully deposited by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis (NSP) technique. The TiO2 thin films are characterized by XRD, SEM, DRS, PL and I-V analysis. Anatase phase polycrystalline tetragonal structure with preferential orientation along (1 0 1) direction obtained form XRD. The expansion and contraction of Ti-O bonds leads to a high crystalline nature with its purity at 289 nm. The absorbance increases with substrate temperature due to the decrease of film thickness, packing density and shrinkage of spray droplets. TiO2 thin films indicate that the film is made up of small granules having slab like particles with some voids at lower temperature. The tiny particles are combined together to form white spherical shaped flower particles with pinholes at 450oC. A room temperature resistivity of the film deposited at 400oC is found to be in the order of 105 Ω/cm, which decreases to 103 Ω/cm for the films prepared at 450oC.

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White, Peter C., and Ann-Marie Harbin. "High-performance liquid chromatography of acidic dyes on a dynamically modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene packing material with multi-wavelength detection and absorbance ratio characterisation." Analyst 114, no. 8 (1989): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9891400877.

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Melendez, Francisco J., María Eugenia Castro, Oscar Portillo-Moreno, Guadalupe Hernández-Téllez, Gloria E. Moreno-Morales, Daniela Gutiérrez-Argüelles, Rodolfo Palomino-Merino, Efraín Rubio-Rosas, and René Gutiérrez-Pérez. "Experimental and DFT Study of the Photoluminescent Green Emission Band of Halogenated (−F, −Cl, and −Br) Imines." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183304.

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The morphological, optical, and structural changes in crystalline chiral imines derived from 2-naphthaldehyde as a result of changing the −F, −Cl, and −Br halogen (−X) atoms are reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were performed. Theoretical results of optical and structural properties were calculated using the PBE1PBE hybrid functional and compared with the experimental results. Differences in surface morphology, absorbance, XRD, and PL of crystals were due to the change of halogen atoms in the chiral moiety of the imine. Absorption spectra exhibited the typical bands of the naphthalene chromophore located in the ~200–350 nm range. Observed absorption bands in the UV region are associated with π→π* and n→π* electronic transitions. The band gap energy was calculated using the Tauc model. It showed a shift in the ~3.5–4.5 eV range and the crystals exhibited different electronic transitions associated with the results of absorbance in the UV region. XRD showed the monoclinic→orthorhombic crystalline phase transition. PL spectra displayed broad bands in the visible region and all the samples have an emission band (identified as a green emission band) in the ~400–750 nm range. This was associated with defects produced in the morphology, molecular packing, inductive effect and polarizability, crystalline phase transition, and increase in size of the corresponding halogen atoms; i.e., changes presumably induced by −C−X…X−, −C−X…N−, −C−N…π, and −C−X…π interactions in these crystalline materials were associated with morphological, optical, and structural changes.

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Abd, Jinan A., Enas M. Al-Robayi, Zainab J. Shanan, and Nadir F. Habubi. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on Physical Properties of Indium Doped Cadmium Oxide Thin Films." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 4 (June 16, 2015): 3475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i4.2206.

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Nanostructured indium doped CdO thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrate and annealed at 200-400 ᵒC for 1 hour. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of prepared films were studied using different techniques such as optical transmission, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and Hall measurement. X-ray analysis shows that the In doped CdO films are preferentially orientated along (111) crystallographic directions. Increasing of annealing temperature increases the films packing density and reorient the crystallites along (1 1 1) plane. The optical transmissions of all annealed films decreased with increasing annealing temperature. An increasing in the absorbance and photoluminescence spectra with increasing annealing temperature was denoted in all films. The band gap value of CdO:4%In equals to 2.5 eV and it decreases with annealing temperature and reaches of 2.45 eV for 400°C. The resistivity of annealed films decreased as annealing temperature increased. While high conductivity achieved in the present study is found to be 11.37 ×102 (Ω.cm)-1 for annealing at 400°C.

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Brittle, Stuart A., Tim H. Richardson, Lisa Varley, and Chris A. Hunter. "Amine-sensing properties of a covalently linked calix[4]arene–porphyrin ("calixporph") multilayered film." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 12 (December 2010): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002859.

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Four zinc porphyrin molecules have been linked covalently to a central amphiphilic calix[4]arene molecule to form a zinc "calixporph", ZnCP , which displays enhanced sensitivity to dibutylamine compared to both the discrete zinc porphyrin and two-component mixtures of zinc porphyrin with calixarene. Langmuir-Blodgett films (20 monolayers) of ZnCP display UV-visible spectra which are modified upon exposure to dibutylamine in the concentration range 0.09–0.45 ppt (in N2 ) with a t50 response time of 8.8 s. The dense packing of the monomeric porphyrin moieties leads to a high absorbance per layer and thus a large sensing signal compared to other LB films capable of amine-detection. This, coupled to the very fast t50 value, leads to a high figure of merit. This verifies the adopted strategy of using a covalently linked calixporph in order to avoid the potential problems of phase separation associated with two-component mixtures. Furthermore, the ZnCP is selectively responsive to the secondary amine, dibutylamine, compared to the primary and tertiary compounds.

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Guthrie, J., and K. Walsh. "Influence of environmental and instrumental variables on the non-invasive prediction of Brix in pineapple using near infrared spectroscopy." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 1 (1999): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96127.

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Summary. The Brix content of pineapple fruit can be non-invasively predicted from the second derivative of near infrared reflectance spectra. Correlations obtained using a NIRSystems 6500 spectrophotometer through multiple linear regression and modified partial least squares analyses using a post-dispersive configuration were comparable with that from a pre-dispersive configuration in terms of accuracy (e.g. coefficient of determination, R2, 0.73; standard error of cross validation, SECV, 1.01°Brix). The effective depth of sample assessed was slightly greater using the post-dispersive technique (about 20 mm for pineapple fruit), as expected in relation to the higher incident light intensity, relative to the pre-dispersive configuration. The effect of such environmental variables as temperature, humidity and external light, and instrumental variables such as the number of scans averaged to form a spectrum, were considered with respect to the accuracy and precision of the measurement of absorbance at 876 nm, as a key term in the calibration for Brix, and predicted Brix. The application of post-dispersive near infrared technology to in-line assessment of intact fruit in a packing shed environment is discussed.

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Olefir, Yu V., A. Yu Khubieva, E. L. Kovaleva, L. I. Mit’kina, A. A. Struzhkova, and E. V. Savin. "Quality Control of Ethyl Alcohol Used as a Medicinal Product." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2020-10-1-6-18.

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The manufacturing process, the source (raw materials), and primary packaging materials dictate requirements for the quality of ethyl alcohol used in the pharmaceutical industry.The aim of the paper was to analyse how the quality of ethyl alcohol used as a component of medicinal products depends on the starting materials, production method and technology, intended use, and the choice of the primary packaging. The paper analyses available information on ethyl alcohol quality and summarises data on potential impurities associated with the ethyl alcohol production technology and the starting materials used. It was established that Russian manufacturers mainly use grain crops (wheat and rye), as well as molasses—a by-product of the sugar industry, as raw materials. The paper addresses the process of improving the quality standards for ethyl alcohol from a historical perspective. A comparative study of the requirements of the Russian and the world’s leading pharmacopoeias for the pharmaceutical substance—ethyl alcohol 95%, 96% demonstrated the need to include identification by IR-spectrometry and impurity control by UV absorbance into the respective monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The authors formulated requirements for the choice of packaging material for ethyl alcohol, which will not affect its quality during transportation and storage.

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Rosalina, Y., E. Warsiki, and A. M. Fauzi. "The potential of anthocyanin from red banana peel as natural dye in smart packaging development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012019.

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Abstract Innovative packaging by enhancing smart materials is now starting to be widely developed. The smart packaging concept developed is packaging that provides a particular function, and the primary function of packaging is protecting products from the environment. The indicator on food packaging is one of the results of the development of intelligent materials. One indicator that was developed is thermochromic ink. The most widely used thermochromic liquid today is made from leuco dye. The colour in thermochromic leuco colouring changes from one colour to another. Therefore, the use of natural dyes as a colourant in thermochromic leuco dye is being considered. Several studies have shown that Anthocyanin can have a thermochromic effect. One of the local resources developed as a source of anthocyanins from agricultural product waste is red banana peel. This study aims to determine the potential of anthocyanins from red banana peels based on the characteristics of changes in temperature and light and storage temperature stability as a source of natural dye for the development of thermochromic leuco dye. The results showed that the total anthocyanin content of red banana peels was 55.139 mg/L using water and 5.038 mg/L using ethanol as solvent. Temperature treatments at 35°C and 50°C have shown a higher absorbance decline rate than temperature 30 and 40°C. Storage of anthocyanins in UV lamps and sunlight showed colour changes compared to storage in 25-watt lamps. The results of this study indicated that anthocyanins from red banana peels had the potential to be used as a source of natural dye in the development of thermochromic leuco dye.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Absorbable packing'

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