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1
Budin, Salina, Koay Mei Hyie, Hamid Yussof, Aulia Ishak, and Rosnani Ginting. "Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Blend Virgin and Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) in Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 833 (March 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.833.8.
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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most widely used plastic. The application of ABS increases rapidly in industries recently. The drawback of the increasing demand of ABS is the increment of ABS waste. Huge increment in ABS waste has led to the increasing of environmental pollution. The demand in green technology and sustainability of resources has urged the need of recycling of ABS waste. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled ABS are deteriorated. Hence, this work aims to study the mechanical properties of blend virgin and recycled ABS. The first sample started with 100wt% of virgin ABS. While the second to eleventh samples was a mixing of virgin and recycled ABS at 10wt% incremental recycled ABS. The last sample was prepared using 100wt% of recycled ABS. The results show that the tensile strength of 100wt% of recycled ABS is slightly decreased as compared to 100wt% virgin ABS. Similar trend was observed on traverse rupture strength (TRS) when the TRS for 100wt% of recycled ABS is lower by 8% when compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS. The most significant change is observed on the impact strength. The impact strength for 100wt% of recycled ABS is substantially dropped by 86% as compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS.
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Lee, Chye Heng, Cheow Keat Yeoh, K. A. Hamzah, and Pei Leng Teh. "Mechanical Properties of Copper Ferrite CuFe2O4-Polymer Composite Fabricated Using 3D Printer." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.203.
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The effect of speed of powder dispenser on the mechanical properties of ABS-CuFe2O4 composites was studied. The samples in the experiment were printed by a 3D printer which produces three-dimensional objects from the digital file which are built up layer by layer. The amount of filler content added into each sample was controlled by the speed of powder dispenser which is off, low, medium, and high. The properties of pure ABS and composite ABS CuFe2O4 samples were investigated based on the distribution of fillers. Weight percentage (wt. %) of filler added into each sample was determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile test and Vickers microhardness were carried out to determine the effect of filler content on mechanical properties. Addition of filler content in ABS matrix slightly decreases the strength of composite from 17.1 MPa to 14.64 MPa.
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Ghinea, Cristina, and Sergiu Paduret. "Separation of waste plastic resulting from electrical products by forced aeration flotation." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 32, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0015.
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Abstract The separation of four waste plastic samples - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonates (PC), and Polyamides (PA) resulting from electrical products in three bicomponent plastic mixtures (PVC-ABS, PVC – PA, and PVC - PC) was performed by using four different flotation solutions (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% concentration) of CaCl2. Furthermore, the waste plastic samples were analyzed in terms of density, specific volume, particle size, initial water content, and water absorption capacity, while the flotation solutions were analyzed in terms of pH, density, electrical conductivity, and refractive index. Results showed that from the analyzed waste plastic samples, the PVC sample has the highest density (1.3823 g/cm3), followed by PC (1.2034 g/cm3) and PA (1.0607 g/cm3), while the ABS (0.9723 g/cm3) presented the lowest value. The highest recovery rate was obtained for the PVC samples (98.10 % - 99.75 %) when it was mixed with ABS, whereas the highest purity was measured for ABS samples (98.29 % - 99.76%) in the case of the same mixture.
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Le, Thai-Hung, Van-Son Le, Quoc-Khanh Dang, Minh-Thuyet Nguyen, Trung-Kien Le, and Ngoc-Tam Bui. "Microstructure Evaluation and Thermal–Mechanical Properties of ABS Matrix Composite Filament Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Single Screw Extruder for FDM 3D Printing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 8798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198798.
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This paper reports the synthesis of a new printable ABS–MWCNT composite filament, for use in fused deposition modeling (FDM), using an extrusion technique. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were the initial materials used for fabricating the filaments. The MWCNTs were dispersed in ABS resin, then extruded through a single-shaft extruder in filament form, with MWCNT contents of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% or 4% by weight. After extrusion, the diameter of the filaments was about 1.75 mm, making them appropriate for FDM. The as-synthesized filaments were then used in FDM to print out samples, on which tensile tests and other analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the sample with 2% MWCNTs had the highest strength value, 44.57 MPa, comprising a 42% increase over that of the pure ABS sample. The morphology and dispersion of MWCNTs in the composite were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), demonstrating the uniform distribution of MWCNTs in the ABS matrix. The thermal behavior results indicated no significant change in the ABS structure; however, the melt flow index of the filaments decreased with an increase in the MWCNT content.
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Halling, V. W., M. F. Jones, J. E. Bestrom, A. D. Wold, J. E. Rosenblatt, T. F. Smith, and F. R. Cockerill. "Clinical Comparison of the Treponema pallidum CAPTIA Syphilis-G Enzyme Immunoassay with the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Immunoglobulin G Assay for Syphilis Testing." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3233-3234.1999.
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Recently, a treponema-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the CAPTIA Syphilis-G (Trinity Biotech, Jamestown, N.Y.), has become available as a diagnostic test for syphilis. A total of 89 stored sera previously tested by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) IgG assay were evaluated by the CAPTIA EIA. The FTA-ABS IgG procedure was performed by technologists unblinded to results of rapid plasmid reagin (RPR) testing of the same specimens. Borderline CAPTIA-positive samples (antibody indices of ≥0.650 and ≤0.900) were retested; if the second analysis produced an index of >0.900, the sample was considered positive. Thirteen of 89 (15%) samples had discrepant results. Compared to the FTA-ABS assay, the CAPTIA EIA had a sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 70.7, 97.9, 96.7, and 79.7%, respectively. In another analysis, discrepancies between results were resolved by repeated FTA-ABS testing (technologists were blinded to previous RPR results) and patient chart reviews. Seven CAPTIA-negative samples which were previously interpreted (unblinded) as minimally reactive by the FTA method were subsequently interpreted (blinded) as nonreactive. One other discrepant sample (CAPTIA negative and FTA-ABS positive [at an intensity of 3+], unblinded) was FTA negative with repeated testing (blinded). For the five remaining discrepant samples, chart reviews indicated that one patient (CAPTIA negative and FTA-ABS positive [minimally reactive], blinded) had possible syphilis. These five samples were also evaluated and found to be negative by another treponema-specific test, the Treponema pallidum microhemagglutination assay. Therefore, after repeated testing and chart reviews, 2 of the 89 (2%) samples had discrepant results; the adjusted sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 96.7, 98.3, 96.7, and 98.3%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the CAPTIA IgG EIA is a reliable method for syphilis testing and that personnel performing tests which require subjective interpretation, like the FTA-ABS test, may be biased by RPR test results.
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Robiandi, Fadli, Menasita Menasita, and Ikal M. "Studi Ketahanan Benturan pada Komposit Serat Rami-epoksi dan Polimer Blend ABS-PP untuk Aplikasi Bahan Alternatif Soket Prostesis." SPECTA Journal of Technology 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v2i3.17.
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Fabrication of rami fiber based on composite with epoxy matrixs and polymer blend of ABS-PP for alternative prosthetic soket application have been conducted. This research attemp to analyze impact resistance of rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend base ABS-PP. Those sample was made by hand lay up and simple hot casting methode at a temperature of 250 oC. rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend samples with volume fraction variation 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. The result of charpy impact test showed an increase in impact energy along with an increase in the volume fraction of rami. In other hand, an increase in ABS volume fraction could reduce the impact energy of polymer blend samples. From impact testing result, both samples showed brittle like-structure. Broken Fiber with low fiber pull out mechanism was found out in rami-epoxy composite samples. Polymer blend samples showed pull out mechanism on ABS grain.
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Al-Rubaye, Mahmood R. "Anti-neutrophlic cytoplasmic antibody Elastase, Lactoferrin, Cathapsin G,and Lysozyme in a sample of Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 57, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.571312.
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mucosal secretions as well as in secondary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Anti-Elastase antibodies, anti-Lactoferrin antibodies,anti-Cathapsin G antibodies and anti-Lysozyme antibodies, which belong to Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies(pANCA) have been described in several immunomediated diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis .Objectives: Investigate the prevalence of anti-Elastase antibodies, anti-Lactoferrin antibodies,anti-Cathapsin G antibodies , anti- Lysozyme antibodies and rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to healthy control.Patients &Methods: The study involved 40 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients who were referred to Immunological Department in Teaching laboratory \ Medical City during period of (1st of January – 31st of June) 2011 and 25 apparently healthy individual used as a control group were investeged to rheumatic factor IgG, IgM ,IgA isotypes and Elastase antibodies, Lactoferrin antibodies, Cathapsin G antibodies , and lysozyme antibodies were measured by using enzyme immunoassay technique.Results : Anti- Elastase, Abs anti-Cathapsin G Abs ,and anti-lysozyme Abs showed significant correlation with RF screen, and the mean concentration for these antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients with significant difference if compare it with the healthy control group. While anti-Lactoferrin Abs showed no significant correlation with RF screen. This study showed a association between the positive results of anti- Cathapsin G Abs with RF IgG and RF IgM only .Anti- Elastase Abs, Anti-Lactoferrin Abs and Antilysozyme Abs showed neither a significant correlation with RF IgG, RF IgM nor with RF IgA.Conclusion:A significant correlation was found between Elastase antibodies, Cathapsin G antibodies , lysozyme antibodies and patients with rheumatiod arthritis Cathapsin G antibodies has a significant association with RF IgG and RF IgM
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Paul, Matthew D., Jonathan S. Davis, Yan Ching Jean, and J. David van Horn. "Application and Evaluation of 3D Printed Materials with PALS." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.303.
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In this study, the use of a 3D printer for sample holder fabrication and polymer sample preparation for positron analysis was explored. Custom printed 3D holders may be rapidly made and modified for a variety of thin-film, crystalline, or other diversely-shaped samples. For positron studies a 3D printer allows for the preparation of standard and unique polymer samples. In an initial study, a mesoporous-patterned ABS sample was attempted, without success. Various polymers (ABS, PLA, and PETG) and the same polymers with varied additives (carbon fiber or carbon nanotubes) were studied before and after printing. The different polymers and those with additives are distinguishable via PALS. Samples show a consistently lower I3 value after printing, suggesting a decrease in defect quantity for the printed polymer versus the as-received polymer filament.
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Nymo, Ingebjørg H., Ursula Siebert, Christine Baechlein, Alexander Postel, Eva M. Breines, Christian Lydersen, Kit M. Kovacs, and Morten Tryland. "Pathogen Exposure in White Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Svalbard, Norway." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010058.
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The Svalbard white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population is one of the smallest in the world, making it particularly vulnerable to challenges such as climate change and pathogens. In this study, serum samples from live captured (2001–2016) white whales from this region were investigated for influenza A virus (IAV) antibodies (Abs) (n = 27) and RNA (n = 25); morbillivirus (MV) Abs (n = 3) and RNA (n = 25); Brucella spp. Abs; and Toxoplasma gondii Abs (n = 27). IAV Abs were found in a single adult male that was captured in Van Mijenfjorden in 2001, although no IAV RNA was detected. Brucella spp. Abs were found in 59 % of the sample group (16/27). All MV and T. gondii results were negative. The results show that Svalbard white whales have been exposed to IAV and Brucella spp., although evidence of disease is lacking. However, dramatic changes in climate and marine ecosystems are taking place in the Arctic, so surveillance of health parameters, including pathogens, is critical for tracking changes in the status of this vulnerable population.
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Chisiu, Georgiana, Nicolae-Alexandru Stoica, and Alina-Maria Stoica. "Friction Behavior of 3D-printed Polymeric Materials Used in Sliding Systems." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.1.5457.
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Recently, 3D-printed polymeric materials have been successfully replacing the usual ones especially used in sliding systems like couplings. Among the polymeric materials, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) can be the competitive materials in such application after 3D-printing. In this study, 3D printing was used to produce samples from ABS and PLA via fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Then friction behavior of 3D-printed samples was investigated depending on printing orientation of the samples. Ultra High Molecular Polyethylene Weight (UHMWPE), as a well-known industrial polymer, was also used for comparing the friction behavior of 3D-printed ABS and PLA polymers. Friction tests were conducted using a pin-on-plate type tribometer according to ASTM G133 under different applied loads and sliding speeds at room temperature. It was found that printing orientation of all ABS and PLA samples has a considerable effect on their friction behavior. Transverse direction (T.D) of the 3D-printed samples shows higher coefficient of friction (COF) values than the longitudinal direction under all applied loads and sliding speeds. On the other hand, COF values obtained in both 3D-printed samples increase as the load and speed increase regardless of the printing direction. When both 3D-printed materials are compared, PLA samples exhibit lower COF values than ABS samples in both printing directions and under all loads and speeds. However, the UHMWPE sample produced with traditional method shows much lower COF values and stable change in friction behavior under all conditions compared to 3D-printed PLA and ABS samples.
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Rybachuk, Maksym, Charlène Alice Mauger, Thomas Fiedler, and Andreas Öchsner. "Anisotropic mechanical properties of fused deposition modeled parts fabricated by using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 7 (August 28, 2017): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2016-0263.
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Abstract The anisotropic mechanical properties of parts that are fabricated using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer relative to part-built orientation employing the fused deposition modelling process are reported in this work. ABSplus-P430 polymer was used to investigate the effects of infill orientation on the parts’ mechanical properties under tensile and compression loading. Results revealed that infill orientation strongly affected the tensile properties of fabricated ABS samples. Specifically, the values for Young’s modulus ranged from ~1.5 to ~2.1 GPa, ultimate tensile strength from ~12.0 to ~22.0 MPa, yield strength from ~1.0 to ~21.0 MPa, and elongation-at-break from ~0.2 to ~4.8% for different infill orientations. Samples with infill orientation aligned to the vertical (i.e. Z-) axis displayed the highest values relative to all other infill orientations investigated. Mechanical properties anisotropy was lower for parts under compressive loading, such that the Young’s modulus, ultimate compressive and yield strength were weakly correlated with infill orientation apart from samples whose built orientation was aligned at 45° to the vertical Z-axis. The latter samples displayed inferior mechanical properties under all compressive tests. The effects of sample gauge thickness on tensile properties and ABS sample micro- and bulk- hardness with respect to infill orientation are also discussed.
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Merazzo, Karla J., Ander García Díez, Carmen R. Tubio, Juan Carlos Manchado, Ramón Malet, Marc Pérez, Pedro Costa, and Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez. "Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene-Based Composites with Permalloy with Tailored Magnetic Response." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030626.
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This work reports on tailoring the magnetic properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-based composites for their application in magnetoactive systems, such as magnetic sensors and actuators. The magnetic properties of the composites are provided by the inclusion of varying permalloy (Py—Ni75Fe20Mo5) nanoparticle content within the ABS matrix. Composites with Py nanoparticle content up to 80 wt% were prepared and their morphological, mechanical, thermal, dielectric and magnetic properties were evaluated. It was found that ABS shows the capability to include high loads of the filler without negatively influencing its thermal and mechanical properties. In fact, the thermal properties of the ABS matrix are basically unaltered with the inclusion of the Py nanoparticles, with the glass transition temperatures of pristine ABS and its composites remaining around 105 °C. The mechanical properties of the composites depend on filler content, with the Young’s modulus ranging from 1.16 GPa for the pristine ABS up to 1.98 GPa for the sample with 60 wt% filler content. Regarding the magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization of the composites increased linearly with increasing Py content up to a value of 50.9 emu/g for the samples with 80 wt% of Py content. A numerical model has been developed to support the findings about the magnetic behavior of the NP within the ABS. Overall, the slight improvement in the mechanical properties and the magnetic properties provides the ABS composites new possibilities for applications in magnetoactive systems, including magnetic sensors, actuators and magnetic field shielding.
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Murthy, R. S. Shreedhara, D. E. Leyden, and J. Keith Grime. "Determination of Triglycerides on Cotton Fabrics Using Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 6 (November 1985): 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854249682.
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Triglycerides deposited on cotton fabric in the form of artificial body soil (ABS) were quantified with the use of ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy after ABS had been transferred onto the ATR crystal under pressure. This approach improved the signal-to-background ratio by avoiding interference from cellulose absorption, and improved precision as contact of the cloth sample with the ATR crystal was not necessary. ABS concentrations comparable to natural body soil levels were determined. This procedure was shown to be useful for following the depletion of “surface” ABS after different washing procedures.
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Boğa, Cem. "Investigation of mechanical and fracture behavior of pure and carbon fiber reinforced ABS samples processed by fused filament fabrication process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2020-0296.
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Purpose Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as a light and high strength thermoplastic polymer, has found extensive applications in different industries. Fused filament fabrication, known as three-dimensional (3D) printing technique is considered a rapid prototyping technique that is frequently applied for production of samples of ABS material. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical and fracture behavior of such materials and the techniques to improve such properties. Design/methodology/approach Experimental and numerical analyses have been conducted to investigate the effects of internal architecture and chopped carbon fiber (CF) fillers on the mechanical properties and mixed mode fracture behavior of the ABS samples made by 3D printing technique. Four different filling types at 70% filling ratios have been used to produce tensile and special fracture test samples with pure and CF filled ABS filaments (CF-ABS) using 3D process. A special fixture has been developed to apply mixed mode loading on fracture samples, and finite element analyses have been conducted to determine the geometric function of such samples at different loading angles. Findings It has been determined that the printing pattern has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the sample. The addition of 15% CF to pure ABS resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength of 46.02% for line filling type and 15.04% for hexagon filling type. It has been determined that as the loading angle increases from 0° to 90°, the KIC value decreases. The addition of 15% CF increased the KIC values for hexagonal and line filling type by 64.14% and 12.5%, respectively. Originality/value The damage that will occur in ABS samples produced in 3D printers depends on the type, amount, filling speed, filling type, filling ratio, filling direction and mechanical properties of the additives. All these features are clearly dependent on the production method. Even if the same additive is used, the production method difference shows different microstructural parameters, especially different mechanical properties.
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Micó-Vicent, Bàrbara, Esther Perales, Khalil Huraibat, Francisco Miguel Martínez-Verdú, and Valentín Viqueira. "Maximization of FDM-3D-Objects Gonio-Appearance Effects Using PLA and ABS Filaments and Combining Several Printing Parameters: “A Case Study”." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091423.
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In order to consider 3D objects from suitable Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printers as prototypes for the automotive sector, this sample must be able to reproduce textural effects (sparkle or graininess) or metallic or gonio-appearance to reinforce the attractive appeal of these materials. This study worked with two different commercial filaments: grey metallic PLA (poly(lactic acid)) and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) with diffractive pigments. For both materials, a statistical design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to find the printing parameters effect on the final 3D-objects gonio-appearance. The selected printing parameters were printing speed (2 levels), layer height (2 levels) and sample thickness (3 levels). Twelve smooth square objects were printed from each material. The ABS-diffractive filaments achieved the most significant flop and higher sparkle values than metallic PLA. Graininess was high when working with PLA filaments instead of ABS. Layer height was the most significant parameter to maximize PLA objects’ flop or sparkle effects. The best result was found when printing at 0.1 mm. For the ABS samples, the stronger flop and sparkle effects were achieved with the 50 mm/s printing speed, the 0.1 mm layer height and the lowest thickness level. This study shows the methodology to study the printing parameters effects and interactions to maximize the FDM-3D-objects gonio-appearance.
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Farid, Osama, Michael Ojovan, A. Massoud, and R. O. Abdel Rahman. "An Assessment of Initial Leaching Characteristics of Alkali-Borosilicate Glasses for Nuclear Waste Immobilization." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091462.
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Initial leaching characteristics of simulated nuclear waste immobilized in three alkali- borosilicate glasses (ABS-waste) were studied. The effects of matrix composition on the containment performance and degradation resistance measures were evaluated. Normalized release rates are in conformance with data reported in the literature. High Li and Mg loadings lead to the highest initial de-polymerization of sample ABS-waste (17) and contributed to its thermodynamic instability. Ca stabilizes non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and reduces the thermodynamic instability of the modified matrix. An exponential temporal change in the alteration thickness was noted for samples ABS-waste (17) and Modified Alkali-Borosilicate (MABS)-waste (20), whereas a linear temporal change was noted for sample ABS-waste (25). Leaching processes that contribute to the fractional release of all studied elements within the initial stage of glass corrosion were quantified and the main controlling leach process for each element was identified. As the waste loading increases, the contribution of the dissolution process to the overall fractional release of structural elements decreases by 43.44, 5.05, 38.07, and 52.99% for Si, B, Na, and Li respectively, and the presence of modifiers reduces this contribution for all the studied metalloids. The dissolution process plays an important role in controlling the release of Li and Cs, and this role is reduced by increasing the waste loading.
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Žel, Jana, Tina Demšar, Dejan Štebih, Mojca Milavec, and Kristina Gruden. "Extraction of DNA from different sample types – a practical approach for GMO testing." Acta Biologica Slovenica 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.58.2.15611.
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Current methods based on DNA targets for the detection, identification and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) involve extraction of the DNA. Different extraction procedures have been developed for the great variety of samples from food, feed, seeds and particular plant parts. This makes the operation of routine analytical laboratories complex and workloads heavy. Here we present a decision-making system, developed over many years of GMO testing on different samples, that result in the application of only a few extraction methods for the majority of samples. Developed decision-making system enables quicker and more cost effective testing of GMOs. In addition, the performance of DNA extraction resulting from the use of the selected extraction methods is presented for use in subsequent testing of GMOs by real time PCR methods. This approach can be used as a model for similar systems based on nucleic acid analysis in food, feed, seeds and plants.
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Lee-Gosselin, Martin, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier, and Isabelle Béchard. "Driver Knowledge and Beliefs About Antilock Brake Systems: Have Preconditions for Behavioral Adaptation Been Met?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, no. 1 (January 2001): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-09.
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Some studies suggest that the benefits of antilock brake systems (ABS) may be offset through behavioral adaptation, such as driving faster or following closer. Whether preconditions for behavioral adaptation exist was examined by investigating driver knowledge and beliefs about ABS. Telephone interviews were conducted throughout Quebec early in 1999 with principal drivers of a stratified random sample of 404 drivers with currently registered light-duty vehicles, registered to the same person for at least 18 months. The response rate was 82 percent of 492 reached. Only medium-range and high-end 1990-1995 vehicles, for which ABS was either standard equipment or unavailable, were selected. The protocol involved mostly open questions that encouraged respondents to reveal their knowledge and beliefs with minimal prompting. The results indicated an important lack of understanding, on the part of a majority of drivers, regarding the functioning and use of ABS. This varied from an inability to identify conditions in which ABS is favorable or unfavorable to serious misconceptions; about 25 percent were wrong about whether their vehicle was ABS equipped. Cognitive preconditions for behavioral adaptations—sometimes increased prudence—were found for a minority of this sample, and there may be a relationship between a low level of knowledge and the perceived possibility of driving faster with these brakes. There appears to be a case for improved public and dealer-delivered information on the advantages and disadvantages of ABS in different driving conditions, which if balanced should not increase unsafe behavioral adaptation.
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Roth, Shelley, Andrew Caporaso, and Jill DeMatteis. "Variables appended to ABS frames: Has their data quality improved?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): e0269110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269110.
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Address based sampling (ABS) has become current state-of-the-art methodology for conducting household surveys by mail, telephone or web in the United States. One potential advantage of ABS frames is that additional information about the sampled households can be appended and leveraged for data collection and analytic purposes. The appended data come from many sources and are of variable quality and completeness. The goals of this research were to evaluate data quality of demographic and socioeconomic variables provided for recent ABS samples from one vendor, and to examine their potential usefulness for sample design, including oversampling. We report on the completeness of the appended data as well as their concordance with data reported by respondents to two recent large ABS household surveys, one that invited households to complete the survey online and another that was mail only. Based on the quality assessment, we also examine the utility of the appended variables for oversampling. Our general conclusions are that the quality of select appended variables has improved such that the Hispanic origin, Hispanic surname, and presence of age group 65+ variables may be used to efficiently oversample these subgroups. However, this is not the case for oversampling other subgroups through appended variables for home tenure; those with head of household whose educational attainment is high school or less; low income households; households with children; presence of age groups 18–24, 25–34, and 35–64; or households based on the number of adults in the household.
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Do, Thanh Trung, Van-Thuc Nguyen, Huynh Do Song Toan, Pham Son Minh, Tran Minh The Uyen, Trung H. Huynh, Vinh Tien Nguyen, and Van Thanh Tien Nguyen. "Influences of TPU Content on the Weld Line Characteristics of PP and ABS Blends." Polymers 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102321.
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This study aims to explore the effects of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) content on the weld line properties of Polypropylene (PP) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) blends. In PP/TPU blends, increasing the TPU content results in a significant decrease in the PP/TPU composite’s ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values. Blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and pure PP outperform blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and recycled PP in terms of UTS value. The blend with 10 wt% TPU and pure PP achieves the highest UTS value of 21.85 MPa. However, the blend’s elongation decreases due to the poor bonding in the weld line area. According to Taguchi’s analysis, the TPU factor has a more significant overall influence on the mechanical properties of PP/TPU blends than the recycled PP factor. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that the TPU area has a dimple shape on the fracture surface due to its significantly higher elongation value. The 15 wt% TPU sample achieves the highest UTS value of 35.7 MPa in ABS/TPU blends, which is considerably higher than other cases, indicating good compatibility between ABS and TPU. The sample containing 20 wt% TPU has the lowest UTS value of 21.2 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation-changing pattern corresponds to the UTS value. Interestingly, SEM results present that the fracture surface of this blend is flatter than the PP/TPU blend due to a higher compatibility rate. The 30 wt% TPU sample has a higher rate of dimple area than the 10 wt% TPU sample. Moreover, ABS/TPU blends gain a higher UTS value than PP/TPU blends. Increasing the TPU ratio mainly reduces the elastic modulus of both ABS/TPU blends and PP/TPU blends. This study reveals the advantages and disadvantages of mixing TPU with PP or ABS to ensure that it meets the requirements of the intended applications.
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Shubham, Pritish, Arnab Sikidar, and Teg Chand. "The Influence of Layer Thickness on Mechanical Properties of the 3D Printed ABS Polymer by Fused Deposition Modeling." Key Engineering Materials 706 (August 2016): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.706.63.
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3D Printed ABS polymer samples were investigated for understanding the effect of layer thickness on the various mechanical properties of the component. Standard samples with varying layer thickness were prepared by 3D printing machine which works on the principle of Fused Deposition modeling (FDM) method and compared with sample prepared by standard injection molding method. Results show that tensile strength (36 MPa), impact strength (103.6 J/m) and hardness (R107) were highest for the samples made by injection molding method. Furthermore, among 3D printed samples, properties were better with smaller layer thickness. With increase in layer thickness, there was negative effect on mechanical properties as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness decreased. Exception with hardness of 3D printed ABS samples was found; for largest layer thickness hardness further increased instead of decreasing.
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Vasina, Martin, Katarina Monkova, Peter Pavol Monka, Drazan Kozak, and Jozef Tkac. "Study of the Sound Absorption Properties of 3D-Printed Open-Porous ABS Material Structures." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051062.
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Noise pollution is a negative factor that affects our environment. It is, therefore, necessary to take appropriate measures to minimize it. This article deals with the sound absorption properties of open-porous Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material structures that were produced using 3D printing technology. The material’s ability to damp sound was evaluated based on the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient and the noise reduction coefficient, which were experimentally measured by the transfer function method using an acoustic impedance tube. The different factors that affect the sound absorption behavior of the studied ABS specimens are presented in this work. In this study, it was discovered that the sound absorption properties of the tested ABS samples are significantly influenced by many factors, namely by the type of 3D-printed, open-porous material structure, the excitation frequency, the sample thickness, and the air gap size behind the sound-absorbing materials inside the acoustic impedance tube.
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Jaeman, Sabrina, Khairudin Nurulhuda, Adibah Mohd Amin, Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman, Hasfalina Che Man, Anas Mohd Mustafah, and Nurul Syaadah Gusni. "Feasibility Study of 3D Printed Materials for an Ammonia Emission Passive Sampler." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34 (August 19, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.sp1.2.
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Ammonia (NH3) emission accounts for a loss of 10 to 60% of the total nitrogen input in rice fields. NH3 in the air reacts with sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to form ammonium salt, which increases the concentration of PM2.5 particles in the atmosphere. These fine particles can cause respiratory problems. A reliable NH3 sampler is important in order to quantify the NH3 emission. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of three 3D printed materials, namely acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) compared to stainless steel and glass, as the interior material of an NH3 passive sampler for use with the chemical-trap approach; Stainless steel and glass are typically used for construction of the NH3 passive sampler. The sample plates were coated with acetone with 3% oxalic acid and tested in closed static chambers with three different NH3 sources. ABS, PP and PLA tolerated the acetone solution with PP being the least reactive. However, PP heavily warped during 3D-printing resulting in a deformed shape. Performance of coated ABS plates in trapping NH3 is similar to stainless steel and glass plates.
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Minh, Pham Son, Tran Minh The Uyen, Thanh Trung Do, Van-Thuc Nguyen, and Van Thanh Tien Nguyen. "Enhancing the Fatigue Strength of the Weld Line in Advanced Polymer Injection Molding: Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Composites." Polymers 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112440.
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This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing weld line strength in advanced polymer injection molding through applying gas-assisted mold temperature control, significantly increasing mold temperature beyond typical values observed in conventional processes. We investigate the effects of various heating times and frequencies on the fatigue strength of Polypropylene (PP) samples and the tensile strength of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composite samples at different Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) percentages and heating times. Using gas-assisted mold heating, mold temperatures exceeding 210 °C are achieved, which represents a significant advancement compared to the standard mold temperatures of less than 100 °C. As a result, the fatigue strength of the PP sample with mold heating at 15 s shows a remarkable increase of up to 5.4 times at 5 Hz compared to the sample without mold temperature control. Moreover, ABS/TPU blends with 15 wt.% TPU exhibit the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value of 36.8 MPa, while blends with 30 wt.% TPU have the lowest UTS value of 21.3 MPa. This advancement demonstrates the potential for improved welding line bonding and fatigue strength in manufacturing. Our findings reveal that increasing the mold temperature before injection results in higher fatigue strength in the weld line, with the TPU percentage having a more significant influence on the mechanical properties of ABS/TPU blends than heating time. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of advanced polymer injection molding and offer valuable insights for process optimization.
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Rubeca, Tiziana, Filippo Cellai, Massimo Confortini, Callum G. Fraser, and Stefano Rapi. "Impact of Preanalytical Factors on Fecal Immunochemical Tests: Need for New Strategies in Comparison of Methods." International Journal of Biological Markers 30, no. 3 (July 2015): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000150.
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Background Harmonization of fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin (FIT-Hb) is crucial to compare clinical outcomes in screening programs. The lack of reference materials and standard procedures does not allow the use of usual protocols to compare methods. We propose 2 protocols, based on artificial biological samples (ABS), to discriminate preanalytical and analytical variation and investigate clinical performances. The protocols were used to compare 2 FIT systems available on European markets: the OC-Sensor Diana (Eiken, Tokyo, Japan) and HM-JACKarc (Kyowa-Medex, Tokyo, Japan). Methods ABS were obtained adding Hb to Hb-free feces. In the first procedure, 35 ABS were collected for each collection device and analyzed on both systems. In the second, 188 ABS (106 positive and 82 negative) were collected and tested on the specific systems. Passing-Bablock (PB), Pearson's correlation coefficients (R) and Bland-Altman difference analysis were used to compare data. Results PB, R and mean standard errors for Bland-Altman analysis (Diana vs. Arc) results were 0.93x-0.56: R = 0.97 and 19%; and 1.09x + 5.60: R = 0.96 and −18%; for Diana and Arc devices, respectively. No correlations and no difference in positive/negative assessment were observed with the second protocol. Conclusions A good correlation was observed in comparing data generated using collection devices on the 2 systems. Manufacturers have developed different sample collection procedures for feces: therefore, data from different systems cannot easily be compared. Adoption of protocols to discriminate preanalytical and analytical variation would be a significant contribution to harmonization of FIT, facilitating data comparison and information acquisition for sample collection strategy and effect of buffers on systems.
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Maries, Gheorghe Radu Emil, Constantin Bungau, Dan Chira, Traian Costea, and Danut-Eugeniu Mosteanu. "Study on the Influence of the Grind Percentage Over the Surface Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Parts Made of ABS, P6.6 and POM through Nanoindentation." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5124.
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This paper analyzes the indentation hardness and the indentation elastic modulus variation depending on the variation of the grind percentage of polymer, when the other factors that can influence the injection molding remain unchanged. The analyzed polymers were: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ABS MAGNUM 3453, polyamide PA 6.6 TECHNYL AR218V30 Blak and polyoxymethylene POM EUROTAL C9 NAT. The samples that were studied had different compositions in new and grinding material. The G-Series Basic Hardness Modulus at a Depth method was used. The increase of the grind percentage of ABS (from 0 to 100 %) leads to insignificant changes in the indentation hardness, indentation modulus, and maximum force applied to samples of tested material. The maximum hardness (0.137 GPa) of PA 6.6 is recorded in the case of the sample with 80% grind content, and the maximum hardness of POM is recorded as well in the case of the sample with 80% grind content, as being 0.215 GPa. The variation of the grind content in the analyzed samples determines changes in the evaluated parameters, depending on the type of polymer. Combining the new material with grind in proportions experimentally established for each techno polymer leads to changes in their mechanical properties.
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Chang, Cheng-Nan, Jih-Gaw Lin, Allen C. Chao, Bo-Chuan Cho, and Ruey-Fang Yu. "The pretreatment of acrylonitrile and styrene with the ozonation process." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0534.
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Acrylonitrile and styrene are used as the raw materials for manufacturing acrylic fiber, thus they are often found as pollutants in the petrochemical wastewater. This study utilizes ozone to decompose the organic nitrogen contained in acrylonitrile and styrene, and the oxidation process was monitored using on-line measurements of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The efficiency of organic nitrogen decomposition was also estimated based on the COD, organic nitrogen, TOC, ammonia-N, nitrite, and nitrate measurements. Both the initial pH and alkalinity are observed to affect the degradation rate of organic nitrogen. The acrylonitrile sample with the lowest initial pH value (i.e., 4.0) has a shorter t1/2 of 18.9 min and that for samples of the highest initial pH (i.e., 11) was 34 min. The alkalinity of one acrylonitrile sample was boosted by adding 500 mg/l CaCO3, to simulate the field ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) wastewater effluent. It was observed that within a short ozone contact time, the acrylonitrile sample spiked with 500 mg/l CaCO3 had the highest COD decomposition rate of 0.411 min−1, or 1.3 times more than that for samples without addition of CaCO3. Results of the ozonation process can be fitted with a modified Nernst equation for the various pH conditions. Additionally, the ozone treated synthetic ABS sample shows a faster COD removal rate in the subsequent biological process than those samples without ozone treatment.
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Wang, Yuanyuan, Muh Akbar Bahar, Anouk M. E. Jansen, Janwillem W. H. Kocks, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Eelko Hak, Bob Wilffert, and Sander D. Borgsteede. "Improving antibacterial prescribing safety in the management of COPD exacerbations: systematic review of observational and clinical studies on potential drug interactions associated with frequently prescribed antibacterials among COPD patients." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2848–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz221.
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Abstract Background Guidelines advise the use of antibacterials (ABs) in the management of COPD exacerbations. COPD patients often have multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and cardiac diseases, leading to polypharmacy. Consequently, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) may frequently occur, and may cause serious adverse events and treatment failure. Objectives (i) To review DDIs related to frequently prescribed ABs among COPD patients from observational and clinical studies. (ii) To improve AB prescribing safety in clinical practice by structuring DDIs according to comorbidities of COPD. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed and Embase up to 8 February 2018 for clinical trials, cohort and case–control studies reporting DDIs of ABs used for COPD. Study design, subjects, sample size, pharmacological mechanism of DDI and effect of interaction were extracted. We evaluated levels of DDIs and quality of evidence according to established criteria and structured the data by possible comorbidities. Results In all, 318 articles were eligible for review, describing a wide range of drugs used for comorbidities and their potential DDIs with ABs. DDIs between ABs and co-administered drugs could be subdivided into: (i) co-administered drugs altering the pharmacokinetics of ABs; and (ii) ABs interfering with the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. The DDIs could lead to therapeutic failures or toxicities. Conclusions DDIs related to ABs with clinical significance may involve a wide range of indicated drugs to treat comorbidities in COPD. The evidence presented can support (computer-supported) decision-making by health practitioners when prescribing ABs during COPD exacerbations in the case of co-medication.
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Collacott, Richard A. "The Effect of Age and Residential Placement on Adaptive Behaviour of Adults with Down's Syndrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 5 (November 1992): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.5.675.
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Through widespread enquiry, the population of adults with Down's syndrome (aged over 18 years) in Leicestershire was estimated at 376. For 315 of these (83.8%), the immediate carer was invited to complete the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). Completed ABS assessments were obtained on 81.9% of the adult population with Down's syndrome in the county. Additional information concerning residential history was obtained. When the sample was divided into five cohorts on the basis of age when the ABS assessment took place, an exponential decline in ability was observed. Deterioration in most domains of the ABS achieved statistical significance in the cohort aged 50–59, and in all domains in those aged 60 and over. The deterioration in global skills in older cohorts was attributed to ageing (and thereby probably Alzheimer's disease). Institutional placement was associated with low scores in younger groups only.
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Höfferle, Špela, Ana Kramar, Franc Smrekar, Dejan Štebih, Jana Vojvoda, Jana Žel, and Peter Raspor. "Anion-exchange chromatography using CIM® DEAE disks as a method of choice for DNA isolation from lecithin." Acta Biologica Slovenica 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.50.1.14438.
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The most important prerequisite for the application of PCR-based methods, among them the detection and quantifi cation of genetically modifi ed organisms (GMOs) is the ability to extract significant amounts of DNA of adequate quality from the sample under investigation. The sample of interest in our work was soybean lecithin with expected low DNA content. The aim of this study was to set up a fast and effective HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method using CIM® (Convective Interaction Media, BIA Separations d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) DEAE (DiEthylAminoEthyl) anion-exchange disk monolithic columns (disks) for the isolation of DNA from soybean lecithin samples. As the reference isolation procedure we used CTAB (CethylTrimethylAmmonium Bromide) method, which is widely used in GMO detection. It was demonstrated, that CIM® DEAE disks allow effi cient isolation of DNA from soybean lecithin. Furthermore, in comparison with the CTAB method, the method was less time-consuming and reduced the use of some aggressive chemicals. The quality of isolated DNA was tested with spectrophotometric analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis and by amplification of soybean specifi c lectin gene with qualitative and real-time PCR. The isolated soybean DNA was of adequate quantity and quality for PCR analysis, even though mostly degraded, present in small amounts and contaminated with some impurities, among them potential PCR inhibitors. The study expanded the applicability of monolithic columns in the isolation of biomolecules from highly processed food materials and their potential use for nucleic acids detection.
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Umini, Umini, and Puji Lestari. "THE EFFECT OF ABS MOBILE SERVICE QUALITY ON THE LOYALTY OF MEMBERS OF KSPPS ARTHA BAHANA PATI." NUsantara Islamic Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/nuiej.v1i1.67.
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This study, entitled The Effect of ABS Mobile Service Quality on Loyalty of KSPPS Artha Bahana Pati, aims to examine whether there is an effect of ABS Mobile Service Quality on Member Loyalty at KSPPS Artha Bahana Pati. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. In conducting this research, the method used is the survey method, namely research that takes a sample from a population and uses a questionnaire as the main data collection tool, the data used is primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires, namely the KSPPS Artha Bahana members. ABS Mobile. The results of this study indicate that, in terms of the five indicators used as a reference in assessing the quality of ABS Mobile services (Tangible, Reliability, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Assurance) there is a significant positive influence between the quality of ABS Mobile services on the loyalty of members of KSPPS Artha Bahana Pati, which is proven from the F test of 5,589 is greater than the F table, namely 2.31 (F count 5,589 ˃ F table 2.31). Supported again with a significant level of 0.00 <0.05, less than 0.05, which indicates that the quality of ABS Mobile services has a significant effect on Member Loyalty. The results of the R2 test are 0.188 (18.8%). This means that the quality of ABS Mobile services has an effect of 18.8% on the loyalty of KSPPS Artha Bahana Pati members.
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Yunianto, M., S. N. Andika, Suparmi, Cari, N. Hargiani, and T. D. Ardyanto. "Study of 3D printing materials as potential applications of phantom radiology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2498, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2498/1/012030.
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Abstract This paper reports the results of the study of 3D printing materials applied as phantom radiology, which is an imitation of human body tissue for medical radiology purposes. The types of 3D printing materials were ABS, PETG, flexible TPU, Wood and PLA resin. Each of them was printed using 3D printing into phantom sample of 30 mm x 30 mm x 9 mm. The phantom samples were then tested using Siemens CT-Scan machine. Radiant Dicom Viewers and Micro Dicom Viewers software were used to process the data and determine the amount of CT number. The CT number values of ABS, PETG, fleksible TPU, Wood and PLA resin filaments were -680,00 HU; -641,17 HU; -685,62 HU; -690,00 HU and 133,00 HU. The electron density values of 3D printing materials were 0,32; 0,36; 0,31; 0,31 and 1,12. These two values were confirmed using Gammex 467 Tissue Characterization Phantom. The results found that ABS, Wood, PETG and FLEX had potential for lung phantom radiology materials. However fleksibel TPU filament has the greatest potential because it has the closest CT-number and electron density value.
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Skrbinšek, Tomaž. "Effects of different environmental and sampling variables on the genotyping success in field-collected scat samples: a brown bear case study." Acta Biologica Slovenica 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.63.2.15940.
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The paper investigates how different field conditions and sample characteristics influence genotyping success in field-collected brown bear scat samples. Genotyping performance of 413 samples collected in a pilot study in southern Slovenia was evaluated, andstatistical modelling was used to control confounding between pre- dictor variables and to quantify their specific effects ongenotyping success. The best predictors of genotyping success were subjectively estimated scat age, sampling month, and contents of ascat. Even when the other confounded variables were controlled for, genotyping success dropped rapidly with the age estimate, from 89% (82-94%) for 0-day scats to 33% (19-52%) for scats estimated to be 5 days old. Sampling month was also an important predictor, and samples collected during the bear hyperphagia period in late summer/autumn performed considerably better (90%,78-96%) than the samples collected in spring / early summer (66%, 57-74%). This effect was stronger for fresh than for older samples. Effects of different food types were also considerable, but less important for practical use. Since noninvasive genetic sampling already became the key method for surveying wild populations of many species, efficiency of studies is becoming increasingly important. Understanding the effect of the month of sampling allows the field season to be timed for maximum genotyping success, while subjective scat age provides a useful metric that indicates a sample’s viability for genotyping, allowing for prioritization of samples and culling of non-viable samples before resources are wasted for their analysis. This provides higher useful data yields per invested resources and may ultimately lead to better study results.
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Hadzihalilovic, Jasminka. "Secular trend in body dimensions in boys from Tuzla region in period 1980 – 1996." Acta Biologica Slovenica 48, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.48.1.13551.
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Within 16 year-period secular trend in seven measurements of physical growth of male children and youth from Tuzla Region, was researched by corresponding analysis of the sample that involved 1329 researched subjects. Our data were compared with the results of research from 1980 in the sample of 1349 boys. Nine successive generations in 1980 and 1996, from Tuzla region, were involved in this research. Analysis of the data obtained is based primarily on scientific elaboration of the situation registered in 1996 in the tested part of the broader population, after an unnatural and extremely unfavorable period for physical growth of the large majority of that population. The aim of this research was to establish secular trend (negative or positive) for the seven measurements of physical growth of male children and youth comparing our results from 1996 to corresponding research results on growth and development from1980, the sample of about same population (nearly same number of investigated persons). Although the unfavorable war living conditions negatively affected ontogenesis of the researched subjects, body dimensions of male children and youth were established as harmonious, in the limits of average European standards. However, it seems the unfavorable living conditions caused temporary slowdown in body dimensions, so, for these generations (11 to 19 years old), we could not find any increase of mean values (for certain number) of the researched parameters in comparison with the sample from 1980 year. So, 16 year-acceleration trend for most parameters was established and it is particularly evident inpost pubertal period.
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Cantrell, Jennifer, Elizabeth C. Hair, Alexandria Smith, Morgane Bennett, Jessica Miller Rath, Randall K. Thomas, Mansour Fahimi, J. Michael Dennis, and Donna Vallone. "Recruiting and retaining youth and young adults: challenges and opportunities in survey research for tobacco control." Tobacco Control 27, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053504.
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IntroductionEvaluation studies of population-based tobacco control interventions often rely on large-scale survey data from numerous respondents across many geographic areas to provide evidence of their effectiveness. Significant challenges for survey research have emerged with the evolving communications landscape, particularly for surveying hard-to-reach populations such as youth and young adults. This study combines the comprehensive coverage of an address-based sampling (ABS) frame with the timeliness of online data collection to develop a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of young people aged 15-21.MethodsWe constructed an ABS frame, partially supplemented with auxiliary data, to recruit this hard-to-reach sample. Branded and tested mail-based recruitment materials were designed to bring respondents online for screening, consent and surveying. Once enrolled, respondents completed online surveys every 6 months via computer, tablet or smartphone. Numerous strategies were utilized to enhance retention and representativenessResultsResults detail sample performance, representativeness and retention rates as well as device utilization trends for survey completion among youth and young adult respondents. Panel development efforts resulted in a large, nationally representative sample with high retention rates.ConclusionsThis study is among the first to employ this hybrid ABS-to-online methodology to recruit and retain youth and young adults in a probability-based online cohort panel. The approach is particularly valuable for conducting research among younger populations as it capitalizes on their increasing access to and comfort with digital communication. We discuss challenges and opportunities of panel recruitment and retention methods in an effort to provide valuable information for tobacco control researchers seeking to obtain representative, population-based samples of youth and young adults in the U.S. as well as across the globe.
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KOZIOR, Tomasz, and Czesław KUNDERA. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE FDM TECHNOLOGY PARAMETERS ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES." Tribologia 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7651.
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The paper presents the results of tribological tests for sample models made by FDM technology. The ringshaped samples were made of the ABS P430 material using the Dimension 1200es machine. Disc-shaped counter-samples were made of C45 steel. The analysed technological parameter of the process of building sample models was the “printing” direction (between the friction surface of the sample and the building platform), determined at three degrees of variability (0°, 45°, and 90°). Using the T-15 tribological tester of the ring-on- disc type, a study was carried out to determine the effect of printing direction on the friction force and the total friction wear. In addition, metrological measurements of the tested surfaces were carried out.
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Shirgina, N. V., A. I. Kokshayskiy, A. B. Volodarsky, N. I. Odina, and A. I. Korobov. "Features of amplitude frequency characteristics of ABS plastic 3D printed metamaterial sample." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1765 (January 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1765/1/012027.
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Özcan, Erhan Cahit, Mehmet Gül, Abdulsamet Tanık, Tuba Talo Yıldırım, Mustafa Özkan, Alihan Bozoğlan, Hasan Emre Özdemir, and Serkan Dündar. "Biomechanic and biochemical analysis of the effects of local Ankaferd Blood Stopper® application on osseointegration of titanium implants." International Dental Research 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol12.no1.5.
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Aim: Investigations into Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) on bone healing have revealed positive bone regeneration effects. The exact mechanism of this positive bone tissue metabolism effect is unknown. This study’s aim is a biomechanic and biochemical investigation of the effects of local ABS application on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Methodology: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each. The control group (n=20) received no treatment during the experimental period, while the ABS group (n=20) had ABS applied locally during the surgical application of the titanium implant before insertion into the bone sockets. After 2 (controls n=10 and ABS n=10) and 4 weeks (controls n=10 and ABS n=10) experimental periods, the rats were sacrificed and implants with surrounding bone tissues were removed for reverse torque analysis (Newton), blood sample collection, and biochemical analysis. Results: The biomechanic bone implant contact ratio detected was higher in week 4 than in week 2 in the ABS group (p<0, 05). Lower phosphor levels were detected in the ABS group than in the 4-week controls (p<0, 05). Conclusion: According to the biomechanical parameters, ABS is more effective after four weeks than after two weeks when locally applied. How to cite this article: Özcan EC, Gül M, Tanık A, Yıldırım TT, Özkan M, Bozoğlan A, Özdemir HE, Dündar S. Biomechanic and biochemical analysis of the effects of local Ankaferd Blood Stopper® application on osseointegration of titanium implants. Int Dent Res 2022;12(1):27-33. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol12.no1.5 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Tirupati, Srinivasan, and Sachal Gulati. "Electrocardiographic abnormalities and psychotropic polypharmacy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders." Australasian Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10398562211047462.
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Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant cause for increased mortality in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Cardiac arrhythmia is one cause of SCD. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities predictive of arrhythmias are associated with antipsychotic drug use. Method: This chart audit examined the types and frequency of ECG abnormalities (ECG-Abs) in 169 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a long-stay inpatient unit. We examined the association of ECG-Abs with demographic details and psychotropic drug prescription using chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, independent two-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Eighty-eight patients (52.1%) recorded at least one ECG-Ab, and 20.7% had two or more ECG-Abs. The use of multiple antipsychotics, with or without other psychotropic drugs, did not associate significantly with the presence or number of ECG-Abs. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have ECG-Abs other than prolonged QTc interval, which can predispose them to cardiac arrhythmias. The abnormalities were not limited to patients on psychotropic polypharmacy. ECG evaluation is indicated for all patients and should consider various electrical abnormalities to identify arrhythmia risk.
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Ali, Hind B., Jawad K. Oleiwi, and Farhad M. Othman. "Compressive and Tensile Properties of ABS Material as a Function of 3D Printing Process Parameters." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320302.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have been emerged as a fabrication method to obtain engineering components within a short span of time. 3D printing, also referred as additive layer manufacturing technology is one of the powerful methods of rapid prototyping (RP) technique that fabricates three-dimensional engineering components. fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, with applications in modelling, prototyping, and production. Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a widely used industrial thermoplastic that is also the most commonly used material in FDM technology. Understanding the impact of FDM build settings on material characteristics is essential for predicting the behaviour of ABS components. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of specimen tensile and compressive behaviour on ABS components produced using FDM. The Ultimaker+2 printer is used to create ABS thermoplastic samples for the investigation. The samples are put through their tests using a modified form of ASTM D638 for tensile strength and ASTM D695 for compressive strength. An Instron testing machine is used to put the printed parts to the test. The approach employed was Design of Experiment (DOE). Three primary criteria are used in the plastics experiment: infill density, layer thickness, and infill pattern. We measured the tensile and compressive strengths of zigzag and gyroid specimens, as well as cross specimens. The highest compressive strength at break (25.01 MPa), Young's modulus (2.473 GPa), fracture strength (21.016 MPa), and ultimate tensile stress (23.1 MPa) were all discovered in a sample with 60% infill density, 0.05mm layer thickness, and a GYROID infill pattern.
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Simkin, Hugo, Charles Benjamin Warter, and Agustín Freiberg Hoffmann. "THE AFFECT BALANCE SCALE (ABS): PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES IN ARGENTINA." Psychological Thought 14, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v14i2.527.
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The Affect Balance Scale (ABS) was developed to assess the affective component of subjective well-being. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of ABS in a non-probabilistic sample composed of 2241 individuals in the general population in Argentina, ages ranging from 18 to 89 years (M = 37.53; SD = 14.80). The results suggest acceptable psychometric properties within the sample. Excellent adjustment to the data of the two-dimensional model is observed through confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the factorial invariance analysis of gender conducted indicate that both groups are equivalent in terms of the factor structure under investigation. Internal consistency was also found to be adequate. As a result, the study contributed to assessing positive and negative affect in Spanish speaking populations.
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Jang, Somi, and Sunghun Cho. "The Effects of Polyaniline Nanofibers and Graphene Flakes on the Electrical Properties and Mechanical Properties of ABS-like Resin Composites Obtained by DLP 3D Printing." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143079.
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Three-dimensional printing is regarded as a future-oriented additive manufacturing technology that is making significant contributions to the field of polymer processing. Among the 3D printing methods, the DLP (digital light processing) technique has attracted great interest because it requires a short printing time and enables high-quality printing through selective light curing of polymeric materials. In this study, we report a fabrication method for ABS-like resin composites containing polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers and graphene flakes suitable for DLP 3D printing. As-prepared ABS-like resin composite inks employing PANI nanofibers and graphene flakes as co-fillers were successfully printed, obtaining highly conductive and mechanically robust products with the desired shapes and different sizes through DLP 3D printing. The sheet resistance of the 3D-printed composites was reduced from 2.50 × 1015 ohm/sq (sheet resistance of pristine ABS-like resin) to 1.61 × 106 ohm/sq by adding 3.0 wt.% of PANI nanofibers and 1.5 wt.% of graphene flakes. Furthermore, the AP3.0G1.5 sample (the 3D-printed composite containing 3.0 wt.% of PANI nanofibers and 1.5 wt.% of graphene flakes) exhibited 2.63 times (22.23 MPa) higher tensile strength, 1.47 times (553.8 MPa) higher Young’s modulus, and 5.07 times (25.83%) higher elongation at break values compared to the pristine ABS-like resin with a tensile strength of 8.46 MPa, a Young’s modulus of 376.6 MPa, and an elongation at break of 5.09%. Our work suggests the potential use of highly conductive and mechanically robust ABS-like resin composites in the 3D printing industry. This article not only provides optimized DLP 3D printing conditions for the ABS-like resin, which has both the advantages of the ABS resin and the advantages of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), but also presents the effective manufacturing process of ABS-like resin composites with significantly improved conductivity and mechanical properties.
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Flora, Filipa C., Sofia B. Relvas, Francisca A. e. Silva, Mara G. Freire, Virginia Chu, and João Pedro Conde. "Combined Use of Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems and Microfluidic Devices for the Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen." Biosensors 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13030334.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the cancer types that most affects males worldwide and is among the highest contributors to cancer mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find strategies to improve the diagnosis of PCa. Microtechnologies have been gaining ground in biomedical devices, with microfluidics and lab-on-chip systems potentially revolutionizing medical diagnostics. In this paper, it is shown that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can be detected through an immunoassay performed in a microbead-based microfluidic device after being extracted and purified from a serum sample through an aqueous biphasic system (ABS). Given their well-established status as ABS components for successful bioseparations, ionic liquids (ILs) and polymers were used in combination with buffered salts. Using both IL-based and polymer-based ABS, it was demonstrated that it is possible to detect PSA in non-physiological environments. It was concluded that the ABS that performed better in extracting the PSA from serum were those composed of tetrabutylammonium chloride ([N4444]Cl) and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([P4444]Br), both combined with phosphate buffer, and constituted by polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol (PEG1000) with citrate buffer. In comparison with the assay with PSA prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or human serum in which no ABS-mediated extraction was applied, assays attained lower limits of detection after IL-based ABS-mediated extraction. These results reinforce the potential of this method in future point-of-care (PoC) measurements.
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Lai, Wenwen, Yan Wang, and Junkun He. "Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Structural Conductive ABS Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling." Polymers 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061217.
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To obtain excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, the design of microstructures has been considered as an effective method to adjust EMW absorption performance. Owing to its inherent capability of effectively fabricating materials with complex various structures, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been regarded as a powerful tool to design EMW absorbers with plentiful microstructures for the adjustment of EMW absorption performance. In this work, five samples with various microstructures were prepared via fused deposition modeling (FDM). An analysis method combining theoretical simulation calculations with experimental measurements was adopted to investigate EMW absorbing properties of all samples. The wood-pile-structural sample possessed wider effective absorption bandwidth (EAB; reflection loss (RL) < − 10 dB, for over 90% microwave absorption) of 5.43 GHz and generated more absorption bands (C-band and Ku-band) as compared to the honeycomb-structural sample at the same thickness. Designing various microstructures via FDM proved to be a convenient and feasible method to fabricate absorbers with tunable EMW absorption properties, which provides a novel path for the preparation of EMW absorption materials with wider EAB and lower RL.
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Rahayu, Ni Luh Nik, Ni Made Nopita Wati, Ni Luh Putu Thrisna Dewi, and Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa. "PENGARUH GAYATRI MANTRA & EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (GEFT) TERHADAP ACADEMIC BURNOUT SYNDROME PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TINGKAT AKHIR." Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI) 6, no. 2 (September 24, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v6i2.215.
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Mahasiswa keperawatan berisiko mengalami Academic Burnout Syndrome (ABS) akibat tuntutan akademis yang tinggi. Kondisi ABS pada mahasiswa dapat berdampak pada proses perkuliahan yang tidak maksimal. Gayatri Mantra dan Emotional Freedom Technique (GEFT) adalah terapi nonfarmakologis yang memanfaatkan aliran energi positif dalam tubuh individu itu sendiri, namun masih sedikit diketahui pengaruhnya untuk menurunkan ABS pada mahasiswa. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh GEFT terhadap ABS pada mahasiswa keperawatan. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi-experiment dengan pre-post test design with control group. Sampel sebanyak masing-masing 16 orang pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Intervensi GEFT dilakukan selama ± 10 menit, satu kali sehari selama 6 hari berturut-turut. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner MBI-SS. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Paired T-Test dan Uji Independent T-Test. Hasil: Pada kelompok intervensi maupun kontrol saat pre-test sebagian besar responden mengalami burnout berat yaitu sebanyak 56,2%. Namun pada saat post-test pada kelompok intervensi sebanyak 56,2% responden mengalami burnout sedang dengan nilai p=0,000. Pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak 62,5% mengalami burnout berat dengan nilai p=0,917. Diskusi: Perubahan tingkat ABS pada mahasiswa keperawatan sesudah diberikan terapi GEFT dikarenakan pengucapan Gayatri Mantra diyakini dapat membantu membuka chakra pada tubuh manusia. Chakra terletak pada titik meridian tubuh manusia, sehingga bila Gayatri Mantra digabungkan dengan terapi EFT (menstimulasi titik meridian tubuh untuk menyeimbangkan energi) dapat membantu mengoptimalkan kesehatan fisik dan psikis. Kesimpulan: Diharapkan institusi pendidikan dapat melaksanakan latihan GEFT pada mahasiswa yang mengalami ABS agar dapat memelihara kondisi tetap stabil dan meningkatkan performa akademis mahasiswa.Kata Kunci: Academic burnout syndrome, gayatri mantra, emotional freedom technique, mahasiswa keperawatanEffects of Gayatri Mantra and Emotional Freedom Technique (GEFT) on Academic Burnout Syndrome (ABS)ABSTRACTNursing students are at risk of suffering from Academic Burnout Syndrome (ABS) due to high academic demands. The condition of ABS in students may affect their academic activities. Gayatri Mantra and Emotional Freedom Technique (GEFT) are non-pharmacological therapies that utilize positive energy flows in the individual's body, but little is known about their effect on reducing ABS in students. Objective: To reveal the effects of GEFT on ABS in nursing students. Methods: This research design was a quasi-experiment with a pre-posttest design with a control group. A sample size of 16 people each in the intervention and control groups were selected through purposive sampling. The GEFT intervention was made ± 10 minutes, once a day for 6 consecutive days. Data were collected using the MBI-SS questionnaire and analyzed using Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. Results: In the intervention and control groups during the pre-test, most respondents (56.2%) experienced severe burnout. However, 56.2% of respondents in the intervention group experienced moderate burnout at the post-test with a p-value of 0.000. 62.5% of respondents in the control group experienced severe burnout with a p-value = 0.917. Discussion: The ABS levels in nursing students change after the GEFT therapy because reciting the Gayatri Mantra is believed to help open the chakras in the human body. Chakras are located at the meridian points of the human body. Therefore, when the Gayatri Mantra is combined with EFT therapy (stimulating the body's meridian points to balance energy), it can help optimize physical and psychological health. Conclusion: It is expected that educational institutions can perform GEFT exercises on students who suffer from ABS to maintain stable conditions and improve student academic performance.Keywords: Academic burnout syndrome, gayatri mantra, emotional freedom technique, nursing students
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WILSON, B., and H. VINCENT. "Benthonic foraminifera in the Upper Miocene Cruse Formation at Quinam Bay, Trinidad, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, and their palaeoenvironmental significance." Geological Magazine 151, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000496.
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AbstractThe Upper Miocene Cruse Formation of Trinidad yields predominantly agglutinated foraminifera. The limited assemblage has previously hampered palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Twenty-two samples taken from a basal Cruse section at 0.5 m intervals from Quinam Bay (10°05′07.7″N, 61°45′04.7″W) yielded 2938 foraminifera in 33 species, almost all agglutinated. The absence of calcite-cemented agglutinants suggests post-mortem dissolution of calcareous specimens. Dominant Spirosigmoilinella compressa indicates lower bathyal to abyssal palaeodepths, although the low values of the information function H are typical of shallower water. Subdominant Haplophragmoides carinatus and Haplophragmoides sp. 1 indicate low dissolved oxygen levels. Diversities measured using species richness S and H were especially low in the lowest 3.5 m of the section. The proportional abundance of the dominant species in each sample, max(pi), indicated three subsections, being low in the middle of the section but higher at the top and bottom. SHE analysis indicated six abundance biozones (ABs) containing one to seven samples each. Of the three ABs with more than three samples, two had Type 1 community structures and one had a Type 0 community structure. ABs with one or two samples indicate that environmental change at the top of the interval with low diversity is rapid. This is reflected in a change from abundant morphotype M3a (surficial epifauna flattened) at the base of the section to abundant M4a (shallow infauna planispiral) with M4b (deep infaunal) towards the top, which shows a downward shift in the position of the redox front part way through the section.
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Först, Gesche, Winfried V. Kern, Nadine Weber, Christiane Querbach, Johannes Kleideiter, Holger Knoth, Stefan Hagel, et al. "Clinimetric properties and suitability of selected quality indicators for assessing antibiotic use in hospitalized adults: a multicentre point prevalence study in 24 hospitals in Germany." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 12 (August 23, 2019): 3596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz364.
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Abstract Objectives The capability to measure and monitor the quality of antibiotic prescribing is an important component of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes. Several catalogues of consensus-based structure and process-of-care quality indicators (QIs) have been proposed, but only a few studies have tested and validated ABS QIs in practice tests. This multicentre study determined the clinimetric properties and suitability of a set of 33 process QIs for ABS that had earlier been developed and in part recommended in a German–Austrian hospital ABS practice guideline. Methods Two point prevalence surveys were conducted in a convenience sample of 24 acute care hospitals throughout Germany, and data of all screened adult inpatients with prescription of a systemic antibiotic at a given day (n=4310) were included in the study. For each QI, the following clinimetric properties were assessed: applicability, feasibility, performance, case mix stability and interobserver reliability. Results Eighteen QIs were considered sufficiently feasible, applicable and reliable, and had adequate room for improvement. The finally selected QIs primarily cover antibiotic therapy of common infections (bloodstream infection, pneumonia and urinary tract infection), while two of the QIs each address surgical prophylaxis and general aspects of antibiotic administration. Conclusions Practice tests may be important to test the suitability of consensus process-of-care QIs in the field of hospital ABS. The 18 selected QIs considered suitable enough for hospital ABS in this study should be regarded as priority QIs useful for internal quality control and assurance. More research and additional practice tests may be needed to confirm their suitability for external quality assessment schemes.
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Liapunovа, N. A., M. A. Khasnatinov, and G. A. Danchinova. "Optimization of a Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Technique for Evaluation of Concentration of Genomic +RNA of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 4, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2019-4.5.18.
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Background. The specific detection of genomic/template +RNA and replicative –RNA of tick-born encephalitis virus (TBEV) is necessary to study the mechanisms of viral replication in the cells of reservoir and accidental hosts. However, the current approaches of quantitative reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) are rather focused on the detection of total viral RNA load in the sample. Thus, the significant optimization is necessary both for RT-PCR and for RNA copy number standard preparation.Aims. To develop the set of standard samples of synthetic +RNA of TBEV and to optimize qRT-PCR for quantification of genomic +RNA of the virus.Materials and methods. Fragment of the genomic +RNA of TBEV was synthesized using pTZ57R-T\A plasmid vector with embedded T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase. The DNA contamination was removed using RNase-free DNase I treatment followed by additional RNA purification step. Reverse transcription was performed using specific antisense primer 11154R 5`- AGCGGGTGTTTTTCCG-3` and qPCR detection was used according to the modified procedure of M. Schwaiger and P. Cassinotti (2003).Results. As a result of the amplification of standard samples, the concentration of positive polarity ТBEV RNA, carried out in five independent repetitions on different days, the correlation coefficient R2 between the quantification cycle and the concentration of the standard sample was 0.99, and the efficiency of PCR was 100 %. The coefficient of variation in assessing the inter-test accuracy of determination averaged 2.8 %.Conclusions. Optimized qRT-PCR procedure and set of +RNA standards allow to determine the concentration of genomic +RNA of TBEV in routine laboratory practice.