Relevant bibliographies by topics / ABS SAMPLE

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Academic literature on the topic 'ABS SAMPLE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

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Budin, Salina, Koay Mei Hyie, Hamid Yussof, Aulia Ishak, and Rosnani Ginting. "Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Blend Virgin and Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) in Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 833 (March 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.833.8.

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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most widely used plastic. The application of ABS increases rapidly in industries recently. The drawback of the increasing demand of ABS is the increment of ABS waste. Huge increment in ABS waste has led to the increasing of environmental pollution. The demand in green technology and sustainability of resources has urged the need of recycling of ABS waste. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled ABS are deteriorated. Hence, this work aims to study the mechanical properties of blend virgin and recycled ABS. The first sample started with 100wt% of virgin ABS. While the second to eleventh samples was a mixing of virgin and recycled ABS at 10wt% incremental recycled ABS. The last sample was prepared using 100wt% of recycled ABS. The results show that the tensile strength of 100wt% of recycled ABS is slightly decreased as compared to 100wt% virgin ABS. Similar trend was observed on traverse rupture strength (TRS) when the TRS for 100wt% of recycled ABS is lower by 8% when compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS. The most significant change is observed on the impact strength. The impact strength for 100wt% of recycled ABS is substantially dropped by 86% as compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS.
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Lee, Chye Heng, Cheow Keat Yeoh, K. A. Hamzah, and Pei Leng Teh. "Mechanical Properties of Copper Ferrite CuFe2O4-Polymer Composite Fabricated Using 3D Printer." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.203.

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The effect of speed of powder dispenser on the mechanical properties of ABS-CuFe2O4 composites was studied. The samples in the experiment were printed by a 3D printer which produces three-dimensional objects from the digital file which are built up layer by layer. The amount of filler content added into each sample was controlled by the speed of powder dispenser which is off, low, medium, and high. The properties of pure ABS and composite ABS CuFe2O4 samples were investigated based on the distribution of fillers. Weight percentage (wt. %) of filler added into each sample was determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile test and Vickers microhardness were carried out to determine the effect of filler content on mechanical properties. Addition of filler content in ABS matrix slightly decreases the strength of composite from 17.1 MPa to 14.64 MPa.
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Ghinea, Cristina, and Sergiu Paduret. "Separation of waste plastic resulting from electrical products by forced aeration flotation." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 32, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0015.

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Abstract The separation of four waste plastic samples - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonates (PC), and Polyamides (PA) resulting from electrical products in three bicomponent plastic mixtures (PVC-ABS, PVC – PA, and PVC - PC) was performed by using four different flotation solutions (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% concentration) of CaCl2. Furthermore, the waste plastic samples were analyzed in terms of density, specific volume, particle size, initial water content, and water absorption capacity, while the flotation solutions were analyzed in terms of pH, density, electrical conductivity, and refractive index. Results showed that from the analyzed waste plastic samples, the PVC sample has the highest density (1.3823 g/cm3), followed by PC (1.2034 g/cm3) and PA (1.0607 g/cm3), while the ABS (0.9723 g/cm3) presented the lowest value. The highest recovery rate was obtained for the PVC samples (98.10 % - 99.75 %) when it was mixed with ABS, whereas the highest purity was measured for ABS samples (98.29 % - 99.76%) in the case of the same mixture.
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Le, Thai-Hung, Van-Son Le, Quoc-Khanh Dang, Minh-Thuyet Nguyen, Trung-Kien Le, and Ngoc-Tam Bui. "Microstructure Evaluation and Thermal–Mechanical Properties of ABS Matrix Composite Filament Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Single Screw Extruder for FDM 3D Printing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 8798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198798.

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This paper reports the synthesis of a new printable ABS–MWCNT composite filament, for use in fused deposition modeling (FDM), using an extrusion technique. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were the initial materials used for fabricating the filaments. The MWCNTs were dispersed in ABS resin, then extruded through a single-shaft extruder in filament form, with MWCNT contents of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% or 4% by weight. After extrusion, the diameter of the filaments was about 1.75 mm, making them appropriate for FDM. The as-synthesized filaments were then used in FDM to print out samples, on which tensile tests and other analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the sample with 2% MWCNTs had the highest strength value, 44.57 MPa, comprising a 42% increase over that of the pure ABS sample. The morphology and dispersion of MWCNTs in the composite were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), demonstrating the uniform distribution of MWCNTs in the ABS matrix. The thermal behavior results indicated no significant change in the ABS structure; however, the melt flow index of the filaments decreased with an increase in the MWCNT content.
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Halling, V. W., M. F. Jones, J. E. Bestrom, A. D. Wold, J. E. Rosenblatt, T. F. Smith, and F. R. Cockerill. "Clinical Comparison of the Treponema pallidum CAPTIA Syphilis-G Enzyme Immunoassay with the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Immunoglobulin G Assay for Syphilis Testing." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3233-3234.1999.

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Recently, a treponema-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the CAPTIA Syphilis-G (Trinity Biotech, Jamestown, N.Y.), has become available as a diagnostic test for syphilis. A total of 89 stored sera previously tested by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) IgG assay were evaluated by the CAPTIA EIA. The FTA-ABS IgG procedure was performed by technologists unblinded to results of rapid plasmid reagin (RPR) testing of the same specimens. Borderline CAPTIA-positive samples (antibody indices of ≥0.650 and ≤0.900) were retested; if the second analysis produced an index of >0.900, the sample was considered positive. Thirteen of 89 (15%) samples had discrepant results. Compared to the FTA-ABS assay, the CAPTIA EIA had a sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 70.7, 97.9, 96.7, and 79.7%, respectively. In another analysis, discrepancies between results were resolved by repeated FTA-ABS testing (technologists were blinded to previous RPR results) and patient chart reviews. Seven CAPTIA-negative samples which were previously interpreted (unblinded) as minimally reactive by the FTA method were subsequently interpreted (blinded) as nonreactive. One other discrepant sample (CAPTIA negative and FTA-ABS positive [at an intensity of 3+], unblinded) was FTA negative with repeated testing (blinded). For the five remaining discrepant samples, chart reviews indicated that one patient (CAPTIA negative and FTA-ABS positive [minimally reactive], blinded) had possible syphilis. These five samples were also evaluated and found to be negative by another treponema-specific test, the Treponema pallidum microhemagglutination assay. Therefore, after repeated testing and chart reviews, 2 of the 89 (2%) samples had discrepant results; the adjusted sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 96.7, 98.3, 96.7, and 98.3%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the CAPTIA IgG EIA is a reliable method for syphilis testing and that personnel performing tests which require subjective interpretation, like the FTA-ABS test, may be biased by RPR test results.
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Robiandi, Fadli, Menasita Menasita, and Ikal M. "Studi Ketahanan Benturan pada Komposit Serat Rami-epoksi dan Polimer Blend ABS-PP untuk Aplikasi Bahan Alternatif Soket Prostesis." SPECTA Journal of Technology 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v2i3.17.

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Fabrication of rami fiber based on composite with epoxy matrixs and polymer blend of ABS-PP for alternative prosthetic soket application have been conducted. This research attemp to analyze impact resistance of rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend base ABS-PP. Those sample was made by hand lay up and simple hot casting methode at a temperature of 250 oC. rami-epoxy based on composite and polymer blend samples with volume fraction variation 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. The result of charpy impact test showed an increase in impact energy along with an increase in the volume fraction of rami. In other hand, an increase in ABS volume fraction could reduce the impact energy of polymer blend samples. From impact testing result, both samples showed brittle like-structure. Broken Fiber with low fiber pull out mechanism was found out in rami-epoxy composite samples. Polymer blend samples showed pull out mechanism on ABS grain.
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Al-Rubaye, Mahmood R. "Anti-neutrophlic cytoplasmic antibody Elastase, Lactoferrin, Cathapsin G,and Lysozyme in a sample of Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 57, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.571312.

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mucosal secretions as well as in secondary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Anti-Elastase antibodies, anti-Lactoferrin antibodies,anti-Cathapsin G antibodies and anti-Lysozyme antibodies, which belong to Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies(pANCA) have been described in several immunomediated diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis .Objectives: Investigate the prevalence of anti-Elastase antibodies, anti-Lactoferrin antibodies,anti-Cathapsin G antibodies , anti- Lysozyme antibodies and rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to healthy control.Patients &Methods: The study involved 40 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients who were referred to Immunological Department in Teaching laboratory \ Medical City during period of (1st of January – 31st of June) 2011 and 25 apparently healthy individual used as a control group were investeged to rheumatic factor IgG, IgM ,IgA isotypes and Elastase antibodies, Lactoferrin antibodies, Cathapsin G antibodies , and lysozyme antibodies were measured by using enzyme immunoassay technique.Results : Anti- Elastase, Abs anti-Cathapsin G Abs ,and anti-lysozyme Abs showed significant correlation with RF screen, and the mean concentration for these antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients with significant difference if compare it with the healthy control group. While anti-Lactoferrin Abs showed no significant correlation with RF screen. This study showed a association between the positive results of anti- Cathapsin G Abs with RF IgG and RF IgM only .Anti- Elastase Abs, Anti-Lactoferrin Abs and Antilysozyme Abs showed neither a significant correlation with RF IgG, RF IgM nor with RF IgA.Conclusion:A significant correlation was found between Elastase antibodies, Cathapsin G antibodies , lysozyme antibodies and patients with rheumatiod arthritis Cathapsin G antibodies has a significant association with RF IgG and RF IgM
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Paul, Matthew D., Jonathan S. Davis, Yan Ching Jean, and J. David van Horn. "Application and Evaluation of 3D Printed Materials with PALS." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.303.

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In this study, the use of a 3D printer for sample holder fabrication and polymer sample preparation for positron analysis was explored. Custom printed 3D holders may be rapidly made and modified for a variety of thin-film, crystalline, or other diversely-shaped samples. For positron studies a 3D printer allows for the preparation of standard and unique polymer samples. In an initial study, a mesoporous-patterned ABS sample was attempted, without success. Various polymers (ABS, PLA, and PETG) and the same polymers with varied additives (carbon fiber or carbon nanotubes) were studied before and after printing. The different polymers and those with additives are distinguishable via PALS. Samples show a consistently lower I3 value after printing, suggesting a decrease in defect quantity for the printed polymer versus the as-received polymer filament.
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

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Stephen, S. C. "Slurry sample introduction procedures for the analysis of foods by ETA-AAS." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382432.

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2

Barros, Allen Lopes de. "Emprego de sistema em fluxo a altas temperatura e pressão no preparo de amostras de leite e sangue de bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-20082009-162706/.

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No presente trabalho, um sistema em fluxo operando sob altas temperaturas e pressão foi avaliado, com o objetivo de solubilizar amostras de sucos, leite e sangue de bovinos para a determinação de constituintes inorgânicos. O sistema emprega uma bomba de alta pressão utilizada em cromatografia líquida para o transporte dos líquidos através de um tubo capilar metálico aquecido e de um capilar restritor de menor diâmetro interno, com a finalidade de se obter digeridos ácidos das amostras em estudo. A eficiência da digestão foi avaliada a partir da determinação do carbono residual, realizada por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma de argônio indutivamente acoplado. Espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama e geração de hidretos voláteis foi usada para as determinações de selênio. Foram exploradas diferentes configurações relacionadas ao sistema, tais como emprego de um capilar restritor e da bobina digestora construída em aço inoxidável com diferentes comprimentos, pressões de trabalho e formas de introdução das amostras, além da proposta alternativa para a inserção de amostras que permitiu contornar a inconveniente precipitação das proteínas antes da entrada das amostras no sistema. Para isso, configuração que possibilitou mistura entre a amostra e os reagentes por confluência no interior do sistema sem prévia mistura foi avaliada. Os resultados indicaram a viabilidade do sistema, com a redução do carbono residual em mais de 60 %. Porém, problemas relacionados a perdas de elementos por volatilização necessitam ser contornados.
A flow injection system, operated under high temperature and high pressure conditions has been evaluated concerning the dissolution of fruit juices and samples of bovine milk and blood for the determination of inorganic constituents. In this system, a high pressure liquid chromatography pump was used for the transportation of liquid samples through a stainless steel heated capillary and finally through a restrictor capillary, which has a shorter inner diameter, so that the digestion of the samples could be attained. The residual carbon contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Hydride generation flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for selenium determinations. Different configurations for the flow system were evaluated, such as variable lengths for the restrictor and digestion capillaries. Different working pressures as well as different ways for the sample introduction were tried out, being reached an alternative that avoided the precipitation of proteins before the introduction of the samples in the system. For this purpose, a configuration in which the contact between sample and reagents occurs inside the system, with no previous mixture, was evaluated. The results indicated the viability of the system which used the confluence configuration. Although digestion efficiency of 60 % was observed for milk samples, problems related to volatilization have to be circumvented.
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Petrowski, Katja, Susan Schurig, Gabriele Schmutzer, and Elmar Brähler. "Socio-demography and Attachment-styles of Married and Cohabiting Individuals in a Representative Sample." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202654.

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Cohabitation is becoming more prevalent in western society so that up to 7.5 million cohabiting couples were reported in the USA for the year 2010. The present study investigated whether the cohabitants’ attachment style might be one of the reasons for cohabitation gaining such popularity. Attachment styles as well as socio-demographic variables were compared in regard to the partnership status. A sample of 1,002 participants aged 18 to 60 were used as a representative sample (M = 43.5, SD = 10.9), of which 54% were female and 82% were married. The cohabitants were younger, more highly educated, and less frequently affiliated with a church. The cohabitants were more anxious-attached, especially those of a younger age. A one-point increase in value on the AAS anxiety scale almost doubled the possibility of cohabitation. Most of the variance can be explained by socio-demographic variables. However, based on these representative data, and after controlling for socio-demographic variables, attachment anxiety is still connected to cohabitation. The diverse results in the literature may be explained by differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample.
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Petrowski, Katja, Susan Schurig, Gabriele Schmutzer, and Elmar Brähler. "Socio-demography and Attachment-styles of Married and Cohabiting Individuals in a Representative Sample." World Academic Publishing, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29493.

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Cohabitation is becoming more prevalent in western society so that up to 7.5 million cohabiting couples were reported in the USA for the year 2010. The present study investigated whether the cohabitants’ attachment style might be one of the reasons for cohabitation gaining such popularity. Attachment styles as well as socio-demographic variables were compared in regard to the partnership status. A sample of 1,002 participants aged 18 to 60 were used as a representative sample (M = 43.5, SD = 10.9), of which 54% were female and 82% were married. The cohabitants were younger, more highly educated, and less frequently affiliated with a church. The cohabitants were more anxious-attached, especially those of a younger age. A one-point increase in value on the AAS anxiety scale almost doubled the possibility of cohabitation. Most of the variance can be explained by socio-demographic variables. However, based on these representative data, and after controlling for socio-demographic variables, attachment anxiety is still connected to cohabitation. The diverse results in the literature may be explained by differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample.
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Gerondi, Fabiana 1986. "Ampliação do uso da técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica utilizando tubo metálico na chama para determinação de prata." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248592.

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Orientador: Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A técnica espectrometria de absorção atômica utilizando tubo metálico na chama e spray termico (TS-FF-AAS, do inglês, thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry) consiste no uso de um tubo metálico sobre a chama do queimador do espectrômetro de absorção atômica, no qual a amostra e introduzida por meio de um capilar cerâmico. No desenvolvimento desse método, as variáveis envolvidas foram estudadas e as condições ótimas consistem no uso de ar a 0,4 mL min como carregador, 200 mL de solução de amostra (em meio ácido) que são injetados no interior de um tubo de Ni sem furos na parte inferior, localizado em uma chama oxidante na proporção de 1,5 L min de acetileno: 12 L min-1 de ar. Nessas condicoes, as menores quantidades que podem ser detectada e quantificada são de 0,15 e 0,50 mg L, respectivamente. Os valores da concentracao de prata em materiais certificados de água (SRM 1643e, Trace Elements in water) e peixe (MA-A-2, Fish Flesh Homogenate) determinados são 1,097 ± 0,062 mg L e 0,094 ± 0,020 mg g , respectivamente, que correspondem a 103 e 94% da quantidade presente no material. Assim, este trabalho propõe uma alternativa para a determinação de prata, na qual não são utilizadas etapas de preconcentração do analito, que são necessárias quando a espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama e utilizada, simplificando o procedimento experimental e diminuindo o tempo de análise e as fontes de erros
Abstract: Thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) uses a metallic tube on the flame of the atomic absorption spectrometer. The sample is introduced in the tube by a ceramic capillary. In the development of this method, the parameters involved were studied and the optimal conditions consist of using air as carrier at 0.4 mL min, 200 mL of sample (in acid medium) which are injected in a nickel tube without holes in the bottom part and it is located in a oxidant flame with 1.5 L min acetylene: 12 L min air. Under these conditions, the limits of detection and quantification are 0.15 and 0.50 mg L, respectively. The values of silver concentration in certified reference materials of water (SRM 1643e, Trace Elements in Water) and fish (MA-A-2, Fish Flesh Homogenate) are 1.097 ± 0.062 mg L-1 and 0.094 ± 0.020 mg g, respectively, which correspond to 103 and 94% of the certified value. So, this work proposes a simpler and less time consuming alternative to determine silver in environmental samples that do not use preconcentration steps, frequently used when flame atomic absorption spectrometry is used
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Novaes, Cleber Galvão. "Aplicação de técnicas quimiométricas na otimização de métodos usando a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama visando a análise de amostras ambientais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10024.

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CAPES
Nesta tese é apresentada a aplicação de técnicas quimiométricas na otimização de métodos usando a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (F AAS) visando a análise de amostras ambientais. No primeiro trabalho, variáveis como potência de radiofrequência, vazão do gás do plasma, vazão do fluxo de nebulização, vazão do gás auxiliar, vazão da amostra e concentração de ácido nítrico na amostra foram otimizadas através da aplicação de planejamento fatorial completo e Box-Behnken. Parâmetros analíticos como precisão, robustez, sensibilidade e exatidão mostraram-se adequados para determinação de Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V e Zn em amostras de água subterrânea, água de rio, efluente e solo usando ICP OES. A estratégia de medição e o tempo total de análise também foram otimizados. O novo método foi implantado na rotina do laboratório da CETREL e está proporcionando uma enorme redução no consumo do argônio, em torno de 35 %, gerando uma economia de aproximadamente 320 m3 de argônio anuais, além da redução nos custos associados a outros acessórios do ICP OES. No segundo trabalho, três variáveis de pré-concentração do chumbo (pH, concentração do tampão e vazão da amostra) foram otimizadas empregando planejamento fatorial completo 23. O método é baseado na sorção de Pb(II) em uma minicoluna recheada com uma resina de Amberlite XAD-4 funcionalizada com 4-(5´- bromo-2´-tiazolilazo)orcinol (Br-TAO). O método apresentou limite de quantificação de 1,7 μg L-1, faixa linear de 1,7-200 μg L-1 e fator de enriquecimento de 36, para 25,0 mL de amostra. A exatidão do método foi verificada pela determinação de chumbo em material de referência certificado de água doce NIST 1643d. O método foi aplicado na determinação de chumbo em amostras de água coletadas na cidade de Jequié-BA usando F AAS. Os teores de chumbo variaram de 4,1 a 5,7 μg L-1. As ferramentas quimiométricas utilizadas nos dois trabalhos foram muito eficazes na otimização de variáveis importantes e permitiu um estudo descritivo das variáveis e suas interações. Os dois métodos apresentaram parâmetros analíticos adequados para determinação de metais e metalóides em amostras ambientais
Salvador
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7

Kelmer, Gislayne Aparecida Rodrigues. "Propostas de métodos para determinações de As, Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg, Ni, Pb e Se em fertilizantes minerais por AAS e ICP OES." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-11042017-090632/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de métodos visando às determinações de As, Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg, Ni, Pb e Se em fertilizantes minerais por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização em forno de grafite (GF AAS) e espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). Foi empregado Material de Referência Certificado de fertilizante inorgânico (SRM® 695, NIST) e amostra de candidato a Material de Referência Rastreado (MRR), mix-micro, cedida pelo LANAGRO de Goiânia. A análise da amostra MRR, obtida por fluorescência de Raios-X (XRF), mostrou a complexidade dessa matriz devido, principalmente à presença de elevados teores de Al, Si, Fe, Ti, Mn e Ca. Foram feitas otimizações do ICP OES visando condições robustas para determinações de As, Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb em soluções com nebulização direta e As, Hg e Se com nebulização combinada com geração de vapor. Foi verificado que os métodos de preparo de amostras, 3051 e 3052 recomendados pela USEPA (Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos), podem ser aplicados apenas para determinação de As, Cd e Pb. Elementos fortemente ligados a matriz, como Cr e Ni, não foram quantitativamente extraídos. A digestão pelo método 3052 na presença de H3BO3 alterou o erro relativo de -36% para -15% para o Cr e a concentração de Ni também foi maior nesse caso. Para a determinação simultânea de As, Hg e Se no ICP OES por geração de vapor (VG-ICP OES), foi utilizado um procedimento de pré-redução para Se(VI), envolvendo aquecimento a 90°C das soluções em meio de HCl 6 mol L-1. A etapa adicional para redução de Se não prejudicou as determinações de As e Hg. A geração de vapor para a determinação simultânea dos elementos ocorreu com a separação gás-líquido dentro da câmara ciclônica. A extração usando banho e sonda ultrassônica, na presença de ácidos diluídos (HCl, HNO3, H3PO4), não influenciou consideravelmente as determinações de As, Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb por ICP OES e Se por GF AAS. O borbulhamento de ar atmosférico foi suficiente para uma eficiência de extração comparável aos dispositivos ultrassônicos. A utilização de pequenos volumes de ácidos concentrados mostrou ser adequada para melhorar a eficiência de extração, principalmente para o Ni. O HCl concentrado foi a condição mais adequada para a extração. Com relação à determinação de Cr(VI), foram estudadas diferentes soluções extratoras alcalinas e, além do uso do banho termostático, foi avaliada a extração utilizando ultrassom. Devido à complexidade das amostras de fertilizantes, estratégias foram adotadas para adequar o método da difenilcarbazida a essa matriz. Além da espectrofotometria de absorção molecular na região do visível, a determinação do teor de Cr(VI) nos extratos foi feita por GF AAS e as concentrações de Cr(VI) estavam abaixo do limite de detecção do método.
The aim of this work was the development of methods for the determination of As, Cd, Cr(III) Cr(VI), Hg, Ni, Pb and Se in mineral fertilizers by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). It was employed a Certified Reference Material (SRM® 695 - Trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and an in-lab candidate of Reference Material (MR), mix-micro sample (raw material used in formulation of mineral fertilizers to improve micronutrient content) provided by LANAGRO (Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Goiania, Brazil). The analysis of MR sample by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed the matrix complexity, mainly due to the presence of high levels of Al, Si, Fe, Ti, Mn and Ca. The ICP OES optimization was carried out aiming rubust conditions for As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb determination by direct nebulization solutions, and As, Hg and Se with nebulization combined with vapor generation. It was found that the methods of sample preparation, USEPA 3051 and 3052 (US Environmental Protection Agency), can be applied only for the determination of As, Cd and Pb. Elements that are strongly bound to the matrix, such as Cr and Ni were not quantitatively extracted. Digestion by method USEPA 3052 in the presence of H3BO3 alter the relative error from -36% to -15% for Cr and Ni concentration was also higher in this case. For the simultaneous determination of As, Hg and Se by ICP OES vapor generation (VG-ICP OES), a pre-reduction procedure for Se (VI) was necessary, involving heating at 90 °C of the solutions in HCl 6 mol L-1. The additional step for Se reduction did not impair Hg and As determination. The vapor generation for simultaneous elements determination with the gas-liquid separation occurring within the cyclonic spray chamber. The extraction using bath and ultrasonic probe in the presence of dilute acids (HCl, HNO3, H3PO4) did not influence considerably the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb by ICP OES and Se by GF AAS. Only atmospheric air bubbling was enough for an efficient extraction providing results comparable to ultrasonic devices. The use of small volumes of concentrated acids proved to be suitable for improving extraction efficiency, particularly for Ni. Concentrated HCl was the most suitable condition for extraction. For Cr(VI) determination, various solutions and alkaline extractant was studied, and the use of the thermostatic bath and ultrasound bath was evaluated. Due to the complexity of fertilizer samples, strategies were adopted to adapt diphenylcarbazide method to this matrix. Besides Cr(VI) determination in extracts by molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the visible region, it was also performed by GF AAS and Cr(VI) concentration was below limit of detection of the method.
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Reis, Paola Ramos Coutinho. "Determinação de Al, Cr, Cu e Zn em amostras de cana-de-açúcar usando amostragem direta de suspensão e detecção por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite (GF AAS)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4435.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Neste trabalho são apresentados métodos desenvolvidos para determinação direta de Al, Cr, Cu e Zn em amostras de folha de cana-de-açúcar usando amostragem direta de suspensão e detecção por GF AAS. As amostras vegetais foram desidratadas e moídas em diferentes granulometrias (106 µm, 75 µm e 53 µm). Amostras com granulometria menor do que 53 µm associadas aos agentes estabilizantes ácido nítrico 5% v/v e a mistura ácido nítrico 5% v/v:Triton X-100 0,04% v/v foram as mais adequadas para o preparo das suspensões. A melhor estratégia para homogeneização da suspensão foi o borbulhamento com ar, porém, com interrupção no momento da amostragem (stop-flow). A otimização das condições experimentais para a determinação de Al, Cr, Cu e Zn por GF AAS incluiu estudos dos efeitos de matriz, utilização de modificadores químicos e a otimização das temperaturas de pirólise e atomização. Na determinação de Al e Cr foi utilizado o Mg(NO3)2 como modificador químico, enquanto que para o Zn foi usado o Pd como modificador, já para a determinação do Cu não foi necessário a utilização de modificador químico. As melhores temperaturas de pirólise e atomização obtidas foram 1700°C e 2400°C para Al; 1500°C e 2300°C para Cr; 1000°C e 2100°C para Cu e 1100°C e 2100°C para Zn. Os efeitos de matriz foram avaliados pela comparação dos dados obtidos com o método das adições de padrões e com a curva analítica em meio aquoso. A exatidão do procedimento proposto foi avaliada pela comparação com os dados obtidos usando a técnica de espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). O método otimizado foi utilizado para análise direta de amostras em suspensão de folhas de cana-de-açúcar. As amostras apresentaram valores entre 6,03 a 56,70 µg g -1 para o Al; 23,95 a 472,79 µg g -1 para o Cr; 11,59 a 19,38 µg g -1 para o Cu e 15,14 a 26,44 µg g -1 para o Zn. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a análise direta de suspensões por espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite (GF AAS) apresenta-se como alternativa factível para estudos envolvendo o diagnóstico e correção de desequilíbrios nutricionais das plantas.
In this work developed methods for the direct determination of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn in leaf samples of sugarcane using slurry sampling and detection by GF AAS are presented. Leaf samples were dried and ground at different particle sizes (106 µm, 75 µm and 53 µm). Samples with granulometry smaller than 53 µm associated with the stabilizing agents nitric acid 5 % v/v and the mixture nitric acid 5% v/v:Triton X-100 0.04% v/v were the most suitable for the slurry preparation. The best strategy for slurry homogenization was the bubbling with air. However, this was stopped during the sampling step (stop-flow). The optimization of the experimental conditions for the determination of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn by GF AAS included studies of matrix effects, the use of chemical modifiers and optimization of the temperatures of pyrolysis and atomization. In the determination of Al and Cr, Mg(NO3)2 was used as chemical modifier, while for the Zn, Pd was used. The use of a chemical modifier for Cu determinations was not necessary. The best pyrolysis and atomization temperatures obtained were 1700°C and 2400°C for Al; 1500°C and 2300°C for Cr; 1000°C and 2100°C for Cu and 1100°C and 2100°C for Zn. The matrix effects were evaluated by comparing data obtained by using the method of standard additions and analytical curves in an aqueous medium. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by comparison with the data obtained using the technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The optimized method was used for direct analysis of a series of slurry samples of sugarcane leaves. Values between 6.03 to 56.70 µg g -1 for Al; 23.95 to 472.79 µg g -1 for Cr; 11.59 to 19.38 µg g -1 to Cu and 15.14 to 26.44 µg g -1 for Zn were found. The results demonstrate that the direct analysis of slurry samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) presents itself as a feasible alternative for studies involving the diagnosis and correction of nutritional imbalances of plants as sugarcane.
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Paes, Lorena Cristine 1980. "Determinação de cobre, manganês e cádmio em por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249401.

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Orientador: Solange Cadore
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Visando o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para uma matriz heterogênea de interesse comercial e ambiental e, também, a fim de acrescentar novas informações sobre o mel nacional, este trabalho avaliou diferentes estratégias de tratamento do mel, diferentes modificadores químicos e otimizou os parâmetros instrumentais para a determinação de cobre, manganês e cádmio, por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Forno de Grafite. O tratamento do mel com banho de ultrasom foi o procedimento mais adequado para o preparo da amostra, quando comparado às mineralizações em forno de microondas e em placa de aquecimento, bem como à solubilização com hidróxido de tetrametilamônio, devido à simplicidade e rapidez. Foi necessário o uso de peróxido de hidrogênio como modificador químico para aumentar a eficiência da eliminação da matriz nas determinações dos analitos de interesse, além do uso de 10 µg de Mg(NO3)2 como modificador químico para determinação de Mn e de 5µg de NH4H2PO4 como modificador químico para determinação de Cd. Os métodos otimizados apresentaram precisão, sensibilidade e repetibilidade adequadas e foram obtidas recuperações entre 70 e 90 %, o que indica uma exatidão satisfatória. As quantidades dos analitos nos méis brasileiros de diferentes procedências variaram entre 0,020 e 0,17 µg g de Cu, entre 0,39 e 11,9 µg g de Mn e foram menores que 6 ng g no caso do Cd. Observou-se que as amostras analisadas não são contaminadas com Cd e as altas concentrações de Mn confirmam que o mel brasileiro pode ser considerado uma boa fonte nutritiva deste elemento
Abstract: Different strategies for sample preparation, the optimization of instrumental parameters and the evaluation of different chemical modifiers for the determination of cadmium, copper and manganese in honey by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were developed. Honey is a heterogeneous matrix, which has great commercial and environmental importance. However, few studies concerning its mineral content have been carried out in Brazil. In this work the use of an ultra sonic bath was compared with digestion by microwave radiation or on a hot plate as well as solubilization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The best procedure for honey is that using ultrasound, considering its simplicity and speed of analysis. Hydrogen peroxide was used as chemical modifier together with 10 µg Mg(NO3)2 or 5 µg de NH4H2PO4 for the determination of Mn or copper, respectively. Satisfactory precision, sensitivity and accuracy as well as recoveries in the range of 70-90 % were obtained. Analyte concentrations in Brazilian honey, from different regions, varied between 0.020 to 0.17 µg g for Cu, and 0.3 to 11.9 for Mn. For Cd, values below 6 ng g were found. Brazilian honeys were not contaminated with Cd and may be considered a good source of manganese
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Brima, Eid Ibrahim. "An investigation of arsenic in biological samples from unexposed volunteers in the UK." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7585.

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This thesis describes studies on the analysis of arsenic (As) in human biological samples, mainly urine but also hair and fingernails using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The relationship between ethnicity and arsenic metabolism was investigated for the first time for a population in the United Kingdom. This investigation has been carried out through comparative analysis of arsenic in human urine, hair and fingernails in volunteers from three different ethnic groups (Whites, Asians and Somali Black-Africans) who are only exposed to background levels of arsenic. Results obtained with 63 volunteers showed ethnic differences in urinary arsenic excretion as well as differences in arsenic levels in fingernail samples. The averages of total arsenic levels for the Somali Black-Africans (urine 7.2 µg/g creatinine; fingernails 723 µg/kg) are significantly (P< 0.05) different from both the Asians (urine 20.6 µg/g creatinine; fingernails 153.9 µg/kg) and Whites (urine 24.5 µg/g creatinine; fingernails 177.0 µg/kg). The Somali group also shows a higher percentage (50%) of dimethylarsinate (DMA) and a lower percentage (48%) of arsenobetaine (AB), compared to Asians (16% DMA and 83% AB) and Whites (22% DMA and 77% AB). The effect of fasting on urinary arsenic species distribution was also investigated by monitoring urine samples from 29 Ramadan fasting volunteers, with each volunteer providing a sample at the beginning (RF1) and at the end (RF2) of an approximately 12 hours fast. The results obtained showed the frequency of MA detection for RF2 was 12 and 2-fold higher than for the non-fasting and RF1 groups, respectively. This suggests fasting may alter the pattern of arsenic metabolism and excretion. However, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the average of total level of arsenic for RF1 (18.3 µg/g creatinine) and RF2 (17.7 µg/g creatinine). A relationship between excretion of arsenic and selenium in individuals exposed to background levels of arsenic and selenium was investigated through analysis of urine samples from 93 volunteers from Leicester, UK. A positive correlation between arsenic and selenium was found and the As:Se ratio was 0.7 ± 0.4. The intra-individual variation of As:Se ratio does not alter significantly over time, as determined by monitoring urine samples from a volunteer over a period of one year. Furthermore, within a single day, with urine samples collected at the beginning and after a 12-hour fast, the As:Se ratio was found to be similar (0.7 ± 0.5). These findings suggest a close relationship between these two metalloids, the biological significance of which needs to be explored in the future.
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Books on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

1

Salahub, Jennifer E. Quebec samplers: ABCs of embroidery. Montréal: McCord Museum of Canadian History, 1994.

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1945-, Kurfürst Ulrich, ed. Solid sample analysis: Direct and slurry sampling using GF-AAS and ETV-ICP. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Geiger, Annette, and Bianca Holtschke, eds. Piktogrammatik. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457436.

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Unser Wissen und Denken bildet sich immer auch durch grafisches Darstellen heraus, es wird durch bildliche Zeichen anschaulich und vermittelbar. Doch was bildet man dabei eigentlich ab - als Piktogramm oder Diagramm, als Karte oder Informationsgrafik, als Illustration oder Animation? Zwischen Theorie und Praxis vermittelnd, fragen die Beiträge des Bandes nicht nur, wie die zugrunde liegende Bilderordnung funktioniert, sondern auch, wie sie im Entwurfsprozess entwickelt wird. Es wird deutlich: Gestaltete Bilder geben einer immateriellen Idee eine materielle Form - sie sind Weisen der Welterzeugung. Sie beruhen auf geregelten Verfahren und lassen dennoch Spielraum für gestalterische Freiheiten. Mit Beiträgen von: Annette Geiger, Bianca Holtschke, Hannes Kater, Joosten Mueller, Rolf F. Nohr, Samuel Nyholm, Carolin Scheler, Astrit Schmidt-Burkhardt, Pierre Smolarski, Daniela Stöppel, Lukas R. A. Wilde.
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Stephani, Ulrich, Konrad Ott, and Claudia Bozzaro, eds. Die Coronavirus-Pandemie und ihre Folgen. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-82-4.

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Der Sammelband basiert auf einer gleichnamigen digitalen Ringvorlesung, die im Wintersemester 2020/2021 und Sommersemester 2021 an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel stattfand. In 16 Beiträgen und drei Vortragszusammenfassungen äußern sich anerkannte Expertinnen und Experten zu verschiedenen Fragen und Themenfeldern rund um die Coronavirus-Pandemie und ihre Folgen. Dabei weitet der transdisziplinäre Band die Perspektive über die medizinischen und gesundheitspolitischen Kernbereiche hinaus auf Aspekte der Ethik, der Ökonomik, des Rechts, der Geschichte und der Kunst aus. Die Pandemie wird begriffen als das, was sie ist: ein gesamtgesellschaftliches Phänomen. Das Ergebnis ist eine vielseitige Dokumentation der dynamischen Entwicklung des pandemischen Geschehens der Jahre 2020 bis 2022 und der gesellschaftlich-wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung damit. Das Buch ist ein Beitrag zur Erinnerung, aber auch zur Vorsorge hinsichtlich kommender Pandemien. Zugleich tritt es der um sich greifenden Wissenschaftsskepsis, Desinformation und Unvernunft mit dem Mittel des wissenschaftlich fundierten, offenen Diskurses entgegen. The anthology is based on a digital lecture series of the same name, which took place in the winter semester 2020/2021 and summer semester 2021 at Kiel University. In 16 papers and three extended summaries, recognized experts comment on various questions and topics related to the coronavirus pandemic and its consequences. In doing so, this transdisciplinary work broadens the perspective far beyond the core areas of medicine and health policy to include aspects of ethics, economics, law, history, and art. The pandemic is understood for what it is: a phenomenon that affects society as a whole. The result is a comprehensive documentation of the dynamic development of the pandemic event from 2020 to 2022 and the social and scientific debate about it. The book is a contribution to remembrance, but also to precaution with regard to coming pandemics. At the same time, it counters the rampant scientific skepticism, disinformation and irrationality with the means of scientifically based, open discourse.
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Staff, Dreamcue. Alphabets Quiz Game Sampler #2 : : The ABC-123 Knowledge Challenge. Independently Published, 2021.

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Kurfürst, Ulrich. Solid Sample Analysis: Direct and Slurry Sampling using GF-AAS and ETV-ICP. Springer, 1998.

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Kurfürst, Ulrich. Solid Sample Analysis: Direct And Slurry Sampling Using Gf-Aas And Etv-Icp. Springer, 2011.

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Kurfürst, Ulrich. Solid Sample Analysis: Direct and Slurry Sampling Using GF-AAS and ETV-ICP. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Achenbach, Bernd, ed. »Euer Konzipient war ein sinnreicher Kopf«. Wallstein Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783835346062.

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Der beste Kenner der Druckgeschichte von Lichtenbergs Werken und findige Interpret rätselhafter Wendungen legt hier die Quintessenz eines Forscherlebens vor. Dass Juristen mit ihrer strengen deduktiven Methode oft die besseren Literaturhistoriker sind, besonders, wenn ihre Findigkeit als Sammler noch ihre genaue Recherche bestimmt, hatte schon der Dr.jur. Otto Deneke in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts mit seinen zahlreichen Lichtenberg-Aufsätzen bewiesen. Als der Richter am Landessozialgericht Bernd Achenbach 1976 zum ersten Mal seine damals noch kleine Lichtenberg-Sammlung in der Stadtbibliothek Duisburg öffentlich vorzeigte, wird er schwerlich geahnt haben, dass er alsbald der beste Kenner der Druckgeschichte von Lichtenbergs Werken werden - und wie viele Funde und Entdeckungen er in den folgenden 45 Jahren aus seiner Sammlung noch ziehen würde. Sie alle haben unsere Kenntnis von Lichtenbergs Leben, Werk, Edition und Wirkung beachtlich erweitert, zahlreiche uralte Irrtümer sind seither damit ausgeräumt, offene Probleme gelöst - und zahlreiche neue Fragen, an denen frühere Leser achtlos vorbeigegangen waren, nun endlich gestellt und dann auch zumeist beantwortet. Hier sind die wichtigsten aus den ca. 100 Aufsätzen, Miszellen und Rezensionen, die an ihren ersten Publikationsorten schier unauffindbar geworden sind, als Summe einer mehr als fünfzigjährigen Beschäftigung mit dem Göttinger Gelehrten und Schriftsteller versammelt.
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First-Aid ABCs; The Diver and The Dolphins; Dolphin Behavior Grade 5 SAMPLER (Scott Foreman Reading). Addison-Wesley Educational Pub, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

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Sisson, S. A., and Y. Fan. "ABC Samplers." In Handbook of Approximate Bayesian Computation, 87–123. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315117195-4.

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Kurfürst, Ulrich. "Direct Solid Sampling with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS)." In Solid Sample Analysis, 129–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03716-4_3.

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Mason, Robert E., and James Boland. "Minimum Cost Sample Allocation." In ACS Symposium Series, 91–107. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0465.ch005.

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Myer, L. J. D., J. H. Damian, P. B. Liescheski, and J. Tehrani. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction versus Soxhlet Sample Preparation." In ACS Symposium Series, 221–36. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0488.ch016.

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Nicora, Carrie, Marina Gritsenko, Anna Lipton, Karen L. Wahl, and Kristin E. Burnum-Johnson. "Proteomic Sample Preparation Techniques: Toward Forensic Proteomic Applications." In ACS Symposium Series, 29–46. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1339.ch003.

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Basile, Franco. "Rapid Sample Preparation for Microorganism Analysis by Mass Spectrometry." In ACS Symposium Series, 5–34. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1065.ch002.

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Skerritt, John H., Lisa G. Robson, David P. McAdam, and Amanda S. Hill. "Testing Cereal Products and Samples by Immunoassay." In ACS Symposium Series, 124–38. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0451.ch011.

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Hare, P. E., and P. A. St. John. "Detection Limits for Amino Acids in Environmental Samples." In ACS Symposium Series, 275–85. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0361.ch015.

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Kirner, D. L., J. Southon, P. E. Hare, and R. E. Taylor. "Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Radiocarbon Measurement of Submilligram Samples." In ACS Symposium Series, 434–42. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0625.ch031.

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Kramer, Karl J., Theodore L. Hopkins, and Jacob Schaefer. "Analysis of Intractable Biological Samples by Solids NMR." In ACS Symposium Series, 14–33. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0707.ch002.

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Conference papers on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

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Harrington, Roger, and Kevin Righter. "SAMPLE POLISHING WITHOUT EPOXY." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-382920.

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Lehnert, Kerstin Annette. "OPEN AND FAIR SAMPLES: THE NEED FOR TRUSTWORTHY DIGITAL AND PHYSICAL SAMPLE CURATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307456.

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Czaja, Andrew, Kathleen Benison, Tanja Bosak, Barbara A. Cohen, Elisabeth M. Hausrath, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Lisa E. Mayhew, et al. "SAMPLES AND NOTIONAL CACHES FROM JEZERO CRATER AND BEYOND FOR MARS SAMPLE RETURN." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-367976.

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Deahn, Margaret C., Madison M. Morris, Madison M. Morris, Carrie Brooks, Carrie Brooks, Nathan R. Williams, Nathan R. Williams, et al. "IDENTIFYING CANDIDATE LANDING AND SAMPLE TUBE DEPOT SITES AND CHARACTERIZING ROVER TRAVERSES FOR MARS SAMPLE RETURN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358843.

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Torcivia, Michael A., and Clive R. Neal. "LUNAR SAMPLE 60025: A STORY OF MULTIPLE LITHOLOGIES." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-312723.

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Lloyd, Austin, Erin M. Recchuiti, Frank L. Forcino, and Emily S. Stafford. "THE INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE SIZE ON THE PERCEPTION OF FOSSIL COMMUNITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IN-PLACE AND SURFACE COLLECTED SAMPLES." In 68th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019se-326631.

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Markey, Kelsey, Kerstin A. Lehnert, Megan Carter, Peng Ji, Merry Yue Cai, Cynthia A. Evans, and Ryan A. Zeigler. "MOONDB: IMPROVING ACCESS TO LUNAR SAMPLE DATA AND BEYOND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323214.

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Yuan, Dongxun, Charles M. Henderson, and Shuzhong Shen. "REVISED CLARKINA TAXONOMY BASED ON CONODONT SAMPLE-POPULATION APPROACH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300957.

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Klump, Jens, Anusuriya Devaraju, Lesley A. I. Wyborn, Irina Bastrakova, Pavel Golodoniuc, Brent I. A. McInnes, and Simon Cox. "IMPLEMENTING THE INTERNATIONAL GEO SAMPLE NUMBER (IGSN) IN AUSTRALIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302649.

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Returned Sample Science Board, Mars. "PLANNING FOR THE COLLECTION OF A COMPELLING SET OF MARS SAMPLES IN SUPPORT OF A POTENTIAL FUTURE MARS SAMPLE RETURN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-279910.

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Reports on the topic "ABS SAMPLE"

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Harter, Rachel M., Joseph P. McMichael, Derick S. Brown, Ashley Amaya, Trent D. Buskirk, and David Malarek. Telephone Appends for Address-Based Samples— An Introduction. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0050.1802.

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Surveys with samples selected from an address frame derived from US Postal Service sources are often referred to as address-based sampling (ABS) surveys. For an ABS survey that is primarily conducted by mail, web, or face-to-face, sometimes it is helpful to have a telephone number corresponding to the sample addresses for setting appointments or conducting nonresponse follow-up prompts. The usefulness of a telephone contact mode in a mixed mode ABS design depends on both the percentage of addresses for which telephone numbers can be appended (append rate or match rate) and the accuracy of the telephone numbers associated with addresses. Before planning a telephone contact as part of a mixed-mode study, the designer should know the likely effectiveness of the approach. This paper focuses primarily on append rate information, with a discussion of accuracy rates. For a single ABS frame, telephone match rates vary by geography, address type, match vendor, and by landline vs. cell telephone number. Using very large samples of addresses from a total US ABS frame, we estimated state and national telephone append rates from Marketing Systems Group's sources. The append rates are summarized here and interactively at the website http://abs.rti.org/atlas/.
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George. PR-015-10600-R01 Proposed Sampling Methods for Supercritical Natural Gas Streams. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010981.

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Deepwater natural gas production is a non-traditional operation that is very different than conventional shelf or onshore production, due to the extremely high pressures (2,000 psia, 13.8 MPa abs) and rich gases (1,300 Btu/scf, 48.4 MJ/Nm3) involved. Concerns have been raised about methods used to sample deepwater natural gas supplies in this supercritical state. Sampling methods accepted for natural gas at pipeline conditions have been used to sample gas from offshore platforms and supercritical onshore storage facilities. However, the sample analyses have later been found to overestimate the energy content of the gas by as much as 300 Btu/scf (11.2 MJ/Nm3). Analyses of these samples have also been found to incorrectly estimate other properties of the gas, such as sound speed and density. Due to the potential financial impact of such discrepancies, the need exists to understand their causes, and to identify alternative sampling procedures or methods that can minimize them. A literature search was performed to identify sampling methods with the potential to accurately sample natural gas streams in the supercritical region. The search included methods listed in existing natural gas sampling standards, such as API MPMS Chapter 14.1 and GPA 2166-05, variations and suggested improvements on these standard methods, and sampling methods applied in other sectors of the energy industry. No sampling methods were identified that are designed specifically for sampling supercritical natural gas. However, guidelines were found in various references that are useful in tailoring existing sampling methods or designing new sampling methods for supercritical gas service. These guidelines include means to avoid phase changes in the samples, methods of regulating pressure while maintaining sample temperatures, avoiding issues with adsorption and desorption on equipment, and recommendations for designing a sampling method for high-pressure service.
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Amaya, Ashley. RTI International’s Address-Based Sampling Atlas: Drop points. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0047.1712.

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The Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) file contains listings for nearly all addresses in the United States. Survey researchers use the CDS as a sampling frame from which to draw an address-based sample (ABS). More than 700,000 addresses on the CDS are marked as drop points, which are mail receptacles shared by multiple housing units (drop units). Drop points are a challenge to sample and present a potential source of error because of their "one-to-many" relationships. Several techniques have been developed to overcome this challenge, including deleting them from the frame or sampling all units at a given drop point. This paper serves as an introduction to these challenges, discusses the pros and cons to each "solution," and provides a list of best practices.
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Barajas and George. PR-015-05600-R01 Assessment of Sampling Systems for Monitoring Water Vapor in Natural Gas Streams. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011197.

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Research has been conducted to assess the usefulness of various sampling and delivery methods in transporting a representative sample of a natural gas stream for analysis of moisture content. Three sampling configurations commonly used by the natural gas industry were evaluated, including a sample system with a regulated probe heated above ambient conditions, the same system held at a constant temperature simulating ambient conditions, and a heated sample system incorporating a membrane filter. Each configuration was used to transport samples of distribution-quality natural gas with levels of water vapor within common tariff limits, as well as samples of a water-saturated stream of methane simulating a common dehydration system upset. The time response of samples in each configuration to step changes in water vapor content between these two conditions was also evaluated. Measurements were performed using both manual chilled mirror dew point testers and automated analyzers.
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Bourdeau, J. E., and R. D. Dyer. Regional-scale lake-sediment sampling and analytical protocols with examples from the Geological Survey of Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331911.

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Regional-scale lake sediment surveys have been successfully used since the 1970s as a means for reconnaissance geochemical exploration. Lake sediment sampling is typically performed in areas with a lack of streams and an overabundance of small-sized (=5 km across) lakes. Lake sediments are known to have major, minor and trace element concentrations that reflect the local geology. Overall, lake sediment surveys are planned and conducted following four distinct stages: 1) background research, 2) orientation survey, 3) regional survey, and 4) detailed survey. At the Geological Survey of Canada, samples are usually collected from a helicopter with floats. Sample density ranges from 1 sample per 6 - 13 km2. Samples are collected from the centre of the lake using a gravity torpedo sampler which corresponds to a hollow-pipe, butterfly bottom-valved sampler attached by a rope to the helicopter. Collected sediment samples are then placed in labelled bags and left to air dry. Detailed field notes and additional samples (field duplicates), for the purpose of an adequate quality assurance and quality control program, are also taken. Samples are then milled and sent to analytical laboratories for element determination. Commonly used analytical methods include: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and/or determination of volatile compounds and organic carbon using Loss on Ignition (LOI). Analytical data is first evaluated for quality (contamination, accuracy and precision). Numerous options for the analysis of lake sediment data exist, ranging from simple basic element concentration maps and statistical graphical displays together with summary statistics, to employing multivariate methodologies, and, more recently, using machine learning algorithms. By adopting the set of guidelines and examples presented in this manual, scientific researchers, exploration geologists, geochemists and citizen scientists will be able to directly compare lake sediment datasets from anywhere in Canada.
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Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.

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Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
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Freeman, S. P. H. T., J. R. Southon, G. S. Bench, J. E. McAninch, R. E. Serfass, Y. Fang, J. C. King, and L. R. Woodhouse. Biological sample preparation and {sup 41}Ca AMS measurement at LLNL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118276.

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Gutiérrez Fernández, Emilio, and Adrian Rubli. Challenges for Measuring the LGBT+ Population and Homophobia in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004747.

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We contribute to understanding the challenges for estimating the size of the LGBTQ population and discriminatory sentiment against it by surveying 10,003 individuals, whom we randomize into a direct question or an Item Count Technique (ICT) elicitation group. The fractions of the population that self-identify as LGBTQ, that reports having had same-sex sexual experiences, and that has felt same-sex attraction are higher for our sample than those obtained from government surveys. However, the difference between estimates recovered from our direct questions and through the ICT does not always have the expected sign. The negative relationship between age and self-identifying as non-heterosexual is present both in the government survey and in our direct question sample but vanishes when measured with the ICT. The positive correlation between age and homophobic sentiment is present across samples and elicitation techniques. We find no significant variation in all measures for formal vs informal workers.
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Waanders, Gerald. Palynology Evaluation Results From the Duchesne 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Duchesne and Wasatch Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-750.

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This Open-File Report makes available data from palynology evaluations completed to determine the age and depositional environment of rock samples collected during geologic investigations funded or partially supported by the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP). Table 1 provides the sample numbers and locations for the palynology data. The reference listed in table 1 provides additional information such as sample location, geologic setting, and interpretation of the samples in the context of the area where they were collected.
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McCleney, Amy, and Terry Grimley. PR-015-17604-R02 Static Mixer Assessment Laboratory Testing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011771.

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Static mixers are nonmoving mixing devices that allow for the inline continuous mixing of fluids within a pipeline. Liquid samples are typically extracted downstream of the mixer to evaluate the composition of the fluid. However, the ability of mixers to provide a uniformly mixed sample and the acceptable distances at which this sample can be taken from the pipe for this composition evaluation are currently unknown. A testing effort was initiated to determine the effectiveness of two different static mixer designs, as well as sampling locations, by flowing known quantities of oil and water past these devices at a constant flow rate, with two oil viscosity values of 3 cSt and 400 cSt, and with two nominal water-cut values of 1% and 10%. To evaluate their mixing abilities, fluid samples were drawn from the pipe at three locations downstream of the mixers and at three pipe elevations. These samples were assessed using two different analysis methods: a centrifuge method using ASTM D4007 (2016) for the nominal 10% water-cut tests and a Karl Fisher analysis method using ASTM D4928 (2018) for the nominal 1% water-cut tests. The results from the sample measurements will allow the PRCI members to assess the mixing and stratification effects of different static mixer designs and at different sample locations.
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