Journal articles: 'Abrasive waterjet cutting'

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Hashish, Mohamed. "Observations on Cutting With 600-MPa Waterjets." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400739.

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Waterjet technology development for 600-MPa (87-Ksi) operations involves efforts on machining process development, pumps, plumbing, nozzles, and machining systems development. In this paper, data will be presented on cutting with water and abrasive waterjet at these elevated pressures. The effects of waterjet (WJ) and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) parameters on cutting rates of several materials are analyzed. It is observed that the power required for cutting is reduced as the pressure increases. Sheet metal and composites can be cut effectively with waterjets. The quality of the cut surfaces, however, improves by increasing pressure, adding abrasives, and operating at optimal standoff distances.

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Feng, Long, Xiangwei Dong, Zengliang Li, Guirong Liu, and Zhaocheng Sun. "Modeling of Waterjet Abrasion in Mining Processes Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method." International Journal of Computational Methods 17, no. 09 (December 13, 2019): 1950075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876219500750.

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Abrasive waterjet is widely used for mass-cutting during coal mining or other mining process. Such a cutting process involves complex fluid–solid coupling, which require an effective method capable of simulating the large deformation and spalling of materials. This paper uses method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to establish a model to simulate the cutting process of coal seams by abrasive waterjets. In our SPH model, both fluid and solid are discretized with SPH particles. These particles are different in physical properties representing waterjet, abrasive particles and target materials. The waterjet is treated as viscous fluid and the coal (as a target material) is modeled as a brittle solid material. All these SPH particles of various medium are governed by the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. Our established SPH model is then applied to study the efficiency of coal cutting using different waterjet formations. The results show that the cutting efficiency of the abrasive waterjet is higher than that of the standard waterjet. Our SPH model is capable of reveal the detailed interactions of the micro waterjet abrasive particles with the particles on the surface of coal. It enables the study on the mechanisms of coal seam breaking and cutting processes. It provides an effective computational tool for improving the efficiency of coal mining and of the development of new techniques for coal mining.

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Cha, Yohan, Tae-Min Oh, Hyun-Joong Hwang, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Simple Approach for Evaluation of Abrasive Mixing Efficiency for Abrasive Waterjet Rock Cutting." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041543.

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The abrasive mixing variables, such as the abrasive and water flow rates and the focus geometry parameters, determine the profitability of an abrasive waterjet system. In this study, the mixing efficiency characteristics in abrasive waterjet rock cutting were investigated. To demonstrate comprehensively the efficiency reduction due to collision during abrasive mixing, the chance of collision was expressed as the distance between the abrasive particles in the focus. The mixing efficiency was then assessed by utilizing the empirical relationship between the experimental results and the developed model. Based on the particle density and the velocity, the closer particles showed higher chances of collision, thus yielding a reduced cutting performance. Using the distance between particles model, the optimum abrasive flow rate and the cutting performance of abrasive waterjet systems can be estimated. This developed model can be used for the design selection of abrasive flow rate and systems for the cost-effective use of abrasive waterjets.

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Ansari, A. I., and M. Hashish. "Effect of Abrasive Waterjet Parameters on Volume Removal Trends in Turning." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803524.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the influence of abrasive waterjet parameters on the volume removal rate in abrasive waterjet turning. Abrasive mass flow rate, abrasive particle size, waterjet pressure, and orifice diameter were the principal variables that were investigated. Limited tests were also conducted with abrasive mixtures. The results show that the volume removal trends in abrasive waterjet turning are similar to those in linear cutting with abrasive waterjets. Increasing waterjet pressure, orifice diameter, and abrasive flow rate generally resulted in an increase in volume removal rate. However, the volume removal rate levels off either due to volume sweep rate limit or due to the abrasive waterjet limit. The results also suggest a potential for optimizing the abrasive flow rate and abrasive composition. The volume removal rate showed only a weak dependence on the abrasive particle size.

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Hashish, Mohamed. "Pressure Effects in Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226458.

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Abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are formed by mixing high-pressure (up to 400 MPa) waterjets (0.1 to 1 mm in diameter) with abrasive particles in mixing tubes with typical 1/d ratios of 50 to 100. The pressure of the waterjet influences the overall performance of the abrasive-waterjet cutting system through operational and phenomenological effects. Higher pressures result in lower hydraulic efficiency, more frequent maintenance, high wear rates of mixing tubes, and fragmentation of particles before they exit the nozzle. However, with high pressures, deeper cuts can be obtained and higher traverse speeds can be used. Consequently, the hydraulic power is best utilized at an optimum pressure, which is a function of all other parameters as well as the application criteria. This paper presents data and analyses on the effect of pressure on nozzle operational characteristics, i.e., jet spreading characteristics, abrasive particle fragmentation, suction capability, wear of mixing tubes, and mixing efficiency. The effect of pressure on the parameters of cutting performance is discussed with example data. These parameters are depth of cut, specific area generation, maximum cutting traverse rate, surface waviness, and cost of cutting. Optimal pressure examples presented in this study indicate that pressures over 240 MPa are required for efficient abrasive-waterjet performance in metal cutting.

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Guglielmi, Giovanni, Benjamin Mitchell, Cuihong Song, Brad L. Kinsey, and Weiwei Mo. "Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Comparison of Water Droplet Machining and Traditional Abrasive Waterjet Cutting." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 12275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112275.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting is a manufacturing technique, which uses a high-speed waterjet as the transport medium for abrasive particles to erode and cut through metal workpieces. The use of abrasives has significant environmental impacts and leads to the high operating costs of AWJ cutting. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether other metal cutting approaches can perform the same tasks with reduced environmental and economic impacts. One such manufacturing innovation is water droplet machining (WDM). In this process, the waterjet, which is immersed in a sub-atmospheric pressure environment, is discretized into a train of high velocity water droplets, which are able to erode and cut through the metal workpiece without abrasives. However, the cutting velocity of WDM is two orders of magnitude slower than AWJ. In this paper, a comparative life cycle and life cycle cost assessments were performed to determine which waterjet cutting technology is more beneficial to the environment and cost-efficient, considering their impacts from cradle to grave. The results show lower environmental and economic impacts for AWJ compared to WDM due to the AWJ’s ability to cut more metal over the service life than the WDM. Further sensitivity analyses give insight into how the change in abrasive rate is the most sensitive input for the AWJ, whereas the machine lifetime and electricity usage are the most sensitive inputs for the WDM. These results provide a valuable comparison between these alternative waterjet cutting technologies.

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Hashish, M. "Observations of Wear of Abrasive-Waterjet Nozzle Materials." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928861.

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This paper addresses the wear characteristics of the mixing tube of an abrasive-waterjet nozzle. An effective nozzle material should possess high values of both hardness and toughness. The mixing tube, which is where the abrasives are mixed, accelerated, and focused with the high-pressure waterjet, is the component in the abrasive-water jet nozzle that receives the greatest wear. Accelerated wear tests were conducted on relatively soft (steel) mixing tubes using a typical soft abrasive (garnet sand) and on harder (tungsten carbide) tubes using a harder abrasive material (aluminum oxide). A wide range of candidate tool materials, including several carbides and ceramics, was also tested using actual machining parameters. The tungsten carbide grades exhibited greater longevity than the harder ceramics, such as boron carbide, when garnet abrasives were used. The reverse trend was observed with aluminum oxide abrasives. Wear trends suggest that the wear mechanisms along the mixing tube change from erosion by particle impact at the upstream sections to abrasion at the downstream sections. Linear cutting tests were also conducted on several candidate nozzle materials to gain more information related to wear performance. It was found, for example, that the binder in tungsten carbide, which controls these properties, is a critical factor that also controls the lifetime of tungsten carbide mixing tubes.

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Krajcarz, Daniel, and Sławomir Spadło. "Reuse of abrasive particles in abrasive waterjet cutting." Mechanik 90, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.1.13.

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Presented is the possibility of reuse abrasive grains in abrasive waterjet cutting. The disintegration particles of garnet # 80 used to create a new abrasive garnet, corresponding to the fresh garnet # 120. In order to determine the ability of cutting recycling abrasive grains was carried out the aluminium alloy cutiing by using fresh and recycling garnet # 120. The experimental investigations of cutting surface quality focused on evaluation of surface geometrical structure.

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Cha, Yohan, Tae-Min Oh, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Effects of Focus Geometry on the Hard Rock-Cutting Performance of an Abrasive Waterjet." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1650914.

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Abrasive waterjets are being increasingly used in civil engineering for rock and concrete cutting, particularly for the demolition or repair of old structures. The energy of an abrasive waterjet is primarily provided by the accelerated abrasive. The momentum transfer during mixing and acceleration determines the abrasive velocity, which affects the cutting performance. Meanwhile, the geometry of the focus at which mixing occurs influences the momentum transfer efficiency. In this study, the effects of the focus geometry on the optimum abrasive flow rate (AFR) and momentum transfer characteristics in hard rock cutting were investigated. Experiments were conducted using granite specimens to test the AFR under different focus geometry conditions such as diameter and length. The results show that the focus geometry significantly affects the maximum cutting depth and optimum AFR. The maximum cutting energy was analyzed based on the cutting efficiency of a single abrasive particle. In addition, the momentum transfer parameter (MTP) was evaluated from the empirical relationship between the maximum energy and the cutting depth for granitic rocks. Accordingly, a model for estimating the MTP based on the AFR was developed. It is expected that the results of this study can be employed for the optimization of waterjet rock cutting.

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Spadło, Sławomir, and Daniel Krajcarz. "Basic abrasive waterjet cutting process parameters." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.472.

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The article presents the basic parameters characterizing the abrasive water jet cutting, such as: water pressure (pw), cutting speed (vf), abrasive mass flow rate (ma) and the distance between forming nozzle and the cut material (l). Each of the mentioned parameters of the cutting process has been described in a separate subsection. The authors of the article focused primarily on the aspects related to the possibility of achieving maximum efficiency of the machining process while maintaining the assumed quality of cutting for individual cutting parameters. A detailed analysis of the topic was enabled the authors own research and an available literature on this subject. A closer understanding of the phenomena accompanying the abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJ) process and obtaining characteristics that would describe the influence of the tested output parameters in the function of input parameters will enable optimization of AWJ cutting process.

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Valenti, Michael. "Like a Cold Knife Through Anything." Mechanical Engineering 123, no. 05 (May 1, 2001): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-may-1.

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This article highlights that one of the most accurate industrial cutting blades is a thousandth-of-an-inch supersonic jet of water carrying abrasive particles to a target surface. Waterjets cut simple or complex shapes from steel, glass, plastic, composites, paper, or fabric, without causing the thermal or mechanical distortions associated with mechanical saws. Recovering the abrasive is the mission of the WaterVeyor system developed by Flow International Corp. The WaterVeyor lets waterjet cutters recycle garnet abrasives, thereby reducing waste disposal costs and the cost of purchasing virgin abrasive. Although industrial waterjets are strong enough to shear steel plate, they are also delicate enough to carve decorative glass, where the appearance of the finished product is as important as throughput.

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Llanto, Jennifer Milaor, Majid Tolouei-Rad, Ana Vafadar, and Muhammad Aamir. "Recent Progress Trend on Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Metallic Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083344.

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Abrasive water jet machining has been extensively used for cutting various materials. In particular, it has been applied for difficult-to-cut materials, mostly metals, which are used in various manufacturing processes in the fabrication industry. Due to its vast applications, in-depth comprehension of the systems behind its cutting process is required to determine its effective usage. This paper presents a review of the progress in the recent trends regarding abrasive waterjet cutting application to extend the understanding of the significance of cutting process parameters. This review aims to append a substantial understanding of the recent improvement of abrasive waterjet machine process applications, and its future research and development regarding precise cutting operations in metal fabrication sectors. To date, abrasive waterjet fundamental mechanisms, process parameter improvements and optimization reports have all been highlighted. This review can be a relevant reference for future researchers in investigating the precise machining of metallic materials or characteristic developments in the identification of the significant process parameters for achieving better results in abrasive waterjet cutting operations.

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13

Kovacevic, R. "Surface texture in abrasive waterjet cutting." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 1 (January 1991): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(91)90045-4.

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Volgina, Lyudmila V., and Ivan A. Gusev. "Hydraulic resistance accompanying waterjet cutting." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2020): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.399-408.

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Introduction. Two-phase flow transmission is a complex process exposed to the influence of numerous factors. Its characteristics may depend on the physical properties of a flowing medium and on the properties of a pipeline, flow velocities, etc. A research into new types of hydraulic systems serves to identify the parameters that characterize the processes that accompany their transmission, especially if a multi-component flow is analyzed (a mix of water and abrasive particles). The mission of the research is to identify the value of hydraulic resistance coefficient in the course of transmission of a two-phase flow, or a mix of water and an abrasive. Materials and methods. A physics experiment, mathematical data processing methods, data description. Results. The co-authors have identified the hydraulic resistance coefficient value in the course of the mix transmission, as well as the parameters characterizing supplementary pressure losses in the course of the abrasive transmission. The experimental research enabled the co-authors to identify maximal water and mix application distances that reach 317 and 290 meters. Conclusions. The results, obtained by the co-authors, are the consequence of the pressure losses that occur in the course of mix transmission and the coefficients that characterize it. The flows considered in the article are used in the systems whose parameters are considerably different from those of traditional hydraulic engineering systems; therefore, any theoretical results obtained by the co-authors need experimental verification. Further, similar systems having different parameters must also be exposed to research to identify the relation between the pressure loss and the abrasive consumption rate and amount. The practical value of the research consists in the identification of maximal water and mix transmission and application distances providing that the operating parameters of the systems remain unchanged.

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Hashish, M. "Turning With Abrasive-Waterjets—A First Investigation." Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187130.

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Quantitative and qualitative results of a novel turning technique that employs abrasive-waterjets as cutting tools are presented. These jets are formed by mixing abrasive particles with a high-velocity (up to 600 m/s) waterjet in a specially designed mixing nozzle. Samples of magnesium boron carbide metal matrix composite, aluminum and glass were turned with the abrasive-waterjet tool. The effects of different parameters on the turning results are discussed. In general, the results illustrate the great potential of this technique to produce near-net-shape parts at fast material removal rates. Efforts for further research and optimization are discussed.

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Etchells, Paul. "Cutting head design lowers abrasive waterjet cutting costs." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 69, no. 2 (April 1997): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022669710164484.

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Pi, Vu Ngoc, Hoang Van Chau, and Tran Quoc Hung. "A Study on Recycling of Supreme Garnet in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.499.

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This paper presents a new study on the recycling of Supreme garnet (or IMC garnet) in abrasive waterjet machining. In this study, the reusability of the garnet was investigated. Also, the optimal particle size for the recycling of the garnet was pointed out. In addition, the cutting performance and the cutting quality of the recycled abrasive were investigated by comparing with that of new abrasives. From the results, the way how to recycle effectively the garnet was proposed.

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Hashish, M. "Material Properties in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803536.

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The abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining process is a controlled erosive wear process where the abrasive cutting agents are focused in a narrow beam. The beam-material interaction process constitutes more than one mode, the most dominant of which are the cutting wear mode and the deformation wear mode. The cutting wear mode occurs at the top of the kerf due to shallow angles of impact and results in a steady-state interface. The material hardness (H) or Vicker’s hardness number is the most relevant material property to this mode of interaction. The deformation wear mode occurs below the cutting wear mode due to large angles of impact and results in an unsteady penetration process. The modulus of elasticity (E) was found to correlate well with the deformation wear material removal. A prediction model was used to express the depth of cut (h) as a function of material properties: h=A/H+B/(E+C) where A, B, and C are process constants.

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Valentinčič, J., A. Lebar, I. Sabotin, P. Drešar, and M. Jerman. "Development of ice abrasive waterjet cutting technology." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 81 (April 1, 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2041.

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Purpose: Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting uses mineral abrasive to cut practically all materials. In ice abrasive water jet (IAWJ) cutting, the ice particles are used as abrasive. IAWJ is under development with the aim to bridge the gap in productivity between the abrasive water jet (AWJ) and water jet (WJ) cutting. It is clean and environmentally friendlier in comparison with AWJ, while its cutting efficiency could be better than WJ. Design/methodology/approach: The main challenge is to provide very cold and thus hard ice particles in the cutting zone, thus cooling the water under high pressure is utilized. Further on, two approaches to obtain ice particles in the water are studied, namely generation of ice particles in the cutting head and generation of ice particles outside of the cutting head and adding them to the jet similar as in AWJ technology. In this process it is essential to monitor and control the temperature occurring in the system. Findings: To have ice particles with suitable mechanical properties in the cutting process, the water have to be precooled, ice particles generated outside the cutting head and later added to the jet. The results show that, contrary to the common believe, the water temperature is not significantly changed when passing through the water nozzle. Research limitations/implications: The presence of ice particles was only indirectly identified. In the future, a special high speed camera will be used to study the influence of process parameters on ice particle distribution. Practical implications: IAWJ technology produces much less sludge (waste abrasive and removed workpiece material mixed with water) than AWJ technology which is beneficial in e.g. disintegration of nuclear power plants. IAWJ technology has also great potential in the food and medical industries for applications, where bacteria growth is not desired. Originality/value: The paper presents the latest achievements of IAWJ technology.

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Santhanakumar, M., R. Adalarasan, and M. Rajmohan. "An Investigation in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Al6061/SiC/Al2O3 Composite Using Principal Component Based Response Surface Methodology." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2016100103.

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Abrasive waterjet was found effective in cutting materials like glass, steel and aluminium for various industrial applications. The effect of process parameters on abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJC) of Al6061/SiC/Al2O3 composite was disclosed in the present work. The cutting parameters taken for study were traverse speed, abrasive flow rate, water pressure and stand-off distance. Surface roughness, kerf width and bevel angle of cut were observed as the quality characteristics for various cutting trials. Experiments were designed using Taguchi's L18 orthogonal array and an integrated technique of principal component based response surface methodology (PC-RSM) was disclosed for designing the parameters. Significant improvements were observed in the quality characteristics obtained with optimal parameter setting identified by PC-RSM approach. Abrasive waterjet parameters like water pressure, stand-off distance and the interaction between abrasive flow rate and traverse speed were found to be influential on the quality characteristics.

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Perotti, Francesco, Massimiliano Annoni, Aldo Calcante, Michele Monno, Valerio Mussi, and Roberto Oberti. "Experimental Study of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting for Managing Residues in No-Tillage Techniques." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050392.

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A laboratory investigation of abrasive waterjet cutting of wheat straws was conducted. The work was aimed at a systematic characterization of the abrasive waterjet cutting capability of wheat straws, as a potential alternative to cutting discs currently adopted in no-till drills and planters for crop residue management. A two level 2IV7−3 fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the influence of abrasive waterjet process parameters on the cutting efficiency of wheat straws. Straw coverage thickness, water pressure, and orifice diameter were found to be the most significant ones. Experimental results suggest that straw cutting mechanism is mostly related to the hydraulic power of the jet. A multiple logistic regression was performed to model the relationship between the cutting efficiency and the jet power. The logistic model was then applied to estimate the average water and power consumption for wheat straw cutting during a no-tillage seeding operation. An average jet hydraulic power of 6400 W would be sufficiently high to guarantee 90% cutting efficiency in presence of heavy residue distribution. The experimental study shows that a small quantity of abrasive powder (50 g·min−1) allows one to increase the jet cutting capability of wheat straws, and to reduce the required maximum hydraulic power, compared to pure waterjet cutting. Results show are potentially relevant for field validation in agriculture based on no-tillage.

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Pi, Vu Ngoc, and Nguyen Quoc Tuan. "Necessary Cutting Energy in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.351.

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This paper introduces a new study on the modeling of AWJ necessary cutting energy. In the study, a model for prediction of the necessary cutting energy is proposed by combining physical-mathematical models and experimental methods. The effects of various jet parameters as well as the effects of the abrasive size, abrasive material and the effect of work material on the necessary cutting energy are taken into account.

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Zou, Zheng Long. "Study of Cutting Composite Materials with Low Pressure Abrasive-Water Jet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1480.

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This paper using low-pressure pre-mixed abrasive water jet to cutting composite material,testing and verifying feasibility of the low pressure abrasive water jet cutting , analyzes the abrasive waterjet working parameters on cutting of influence which performance level and interaction effect.

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Bazenov, Gabit Maksutovich. "ON THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF WATERJET TREATMENT IN MODERN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING." Science and Technology of Kazakhstan, no. 2,2021 (March 19, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/bdfh9117.

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The article deals with the application of waterjet abrasive processing (cutting) in mechanical engineering. The data on the application areas, advantages, disadvantages and technological capabilities, as well as the world leaders in the production of waterjet cutting machines with technological characteristics are presented. In waterjet processing, the process is most influenced by the technological parameters: the speed of the jet, the grain size of the abrasive, the angle of inclination of the jet, the distance from the nozzle to the surface to be treated. Thus, the use of waterjet processing ensures minimal heat generation and accurate cutting of materials, the equipment is completely versatile and economical compared to plasma processing of the material reaching a cutting speed of 30,000 mm / min without affecting the quality of the cut, as well as the absence of surface heating, the likelihood of sparks make the use of water-abrasive machines as convenient and safe as possible.

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Srikanth, R., and N. Ramesh Babu. "Boundary condition for deformation wear mode material removal in abrasive waterjet milling: Theoretical and experimental analyses." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 1 (July 25, 2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417718594.

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Producing quality features with abrasive waterjet milling requires the generation of shallow kerfs with low surface waviness. Typically, such kerfs are produced by deformation wear mode of material removal realized with certain combination of process parameters chosen based on an elaborate experimental analysis. Instead, these parameters can be selected through a modeling methodology developed based on deformation wear erosion theory. As a first part of this development, it is essential to identify the conditions for the prevalence of deformation wear during the generation of shallow kerfs with abrasive waterjets. To establish this condition, this article presents a theoretical analysis of kerf formation formulated based on deformation wear erosion by solid particles. In this analysis, the interaction of the abrasive particles with the material and the subsequent material removal through deformation wear is considered to define the geometry of the cutting front. The geometry of the cutting front was then used to determine the condition at which local impact angle of abrasives striking the cutting front changes to alter the mode of material removal from deformation wear to cutting wear. This analysis has brought out the boundary condition for deformation wear as the maximum depth of kerf to be equal to the average size of the abrasive particles used in the jet. The generic nature of this condition is established with kerfing experiments over three different ductile materials.

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Chen, L., E. Siores, and W. C. K. Wong. "Optimising abrasive waterjet cutting of ceramic materials." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 74, no. 1-3 (February 1998): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(97)00278-1.

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El-Domiaty, A. A., M. A. Shabara, A. A. Abdel-Rahman, and A. K. Al-Sabeeh. "On the modelling of abrasive waterjet cutting." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01239612.

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Hashish, Mohamed. "Visualization of the abrasive-waterjet cutting process." Experimental Mechanics 28, no. 2 (June 1988): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02317567.

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Oh, Tae-Min, Gun-Wook Joo, Yohan Cha, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Effect of Garnet Characteristics on Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Hard Granite Rock." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5732649.

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Abrasive waterjet cutting technology has come back into use in the field of rock excavation (such as for tunneling) due to the need for precision construction with low vibration. Because the abrasive particles play an important role in efficient erosion during the cutting process, the abrasive characteristics strongly affect the rock cutting performance. In this study, rock cutting tests were performed with five different coarse (40 mesh) garnets to explore the effect of the abrasive feed rate, physical properties, and particle size distribution on rock cutting performance. In addition, garnet particle disintegration was investigated with garnet characteristics for the abrasive waterjet. The test results indicate that the particle size distribution, garnet purity, specific gravity, and hardness are the most important parameters for rock cutting performance. This study offers better understanding of coarse garnet performance and efficiency according to the garnet characteristics. This should provide assistance in selection of the garnet needed to achieve the desired performance for hard rock cutting.

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Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Shu Guang Zhang, Jun Wang, and Cui Lian Che. "Experimental Research on the Surface Roughness of Metal Kerf by Abrasive Waterjet Cutting." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.627.

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In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation on the surface roughness of metal kerf in abrasive waterjet cutting metal material is presented. Orthogonal experimental design method and analysis of variance are utilized in researching the effects of processing parameters on the roughness of smooth zone. By analyzing, it could be concluded that lower waterjet pressure, smaller cutting speed and abrasive grit, larger abrasive flow rate and appropriate standoff are favorable to generate smooth metal kerf. A verification experiment was conducted using an optimizing cutting condition. The result indicates that the surface roughness of metal kerf has been improved effectively.

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Tosun, Nihat, Ihsan Dagtekin, Latif Ozler, and Ahmet Deniz. "Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Aluminum Alloys: Workpiece Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.3.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is one of the non-traditional methods of the recent years which found itself a wide area of application in the industry for machining of different materials. In this paper, the surface roughness of 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys are being cut with abrasive waterjet is examined experimentally. The experiments were conducted with different waterjet pressures and traverse speeds. It has been found that the surface roughness obtained by cutting material with high mechanical properties is better than that of obtained by cutting material with inferior mechanical properties.

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Hashish, Mohamed. "A Model for Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226448.

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Ultrahigh-pressure abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are being developed as net shape and near-net-shape machining tools for hard-to-machine materials. These tools offer significant advantages over existing techniques, including technical, economical, environmental, and safety concerns. Predicting the cutting results, however, is a difficult task and a major effort in this development process. This paper presents a model for predicting the depth of cut of abrasive-waterjets in different metals. This new model is based on an improved model of erosion by solid particle impact, which is also presented. The erosion model accounts for the physical and geometrical characteristics of the eroding particle and results in a velocity exponent of 2.5, which is in agreement with erosion data in the literature. The erosion model is used with a kinematic jet-solid penetration model to yield expressions for depths of cut according to different modes of erosion along the cutting kerf. This kinematic model was developed previously through visualization of the cutting process. The depth of cut consists of two parts: one due to a cutting wear mode at shallow angles of impact, and the other due to a deformation wear mode at large angles of impact. The predictions of the AWJ cutting model are checked against a large database of cutting results for a wide range of parameters and metal types. Materials are characterized by two properties: the dynamic flow stress, and the threshold particle velocity. The dynamic flow stress used in the erosion model was found to correlate with a typical modulus of elasticity for metals. The threshold particle velocity was determined by best fitting the model to the experimental results. Model predictions agree well with experimental results, with correlation coefficients of over 0.9 for many of the metals considered in this study.

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Hashish, Mohamed. "An Investigation of Milling With Abrasive-Waterjets." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188745.

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The feasibility of using abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) for milling has been investigated in this research. The results of preliminary milling experiments indicate that abrasive-waterjets have great potential in this application with advantages unmatched by existing techniques. Linear cutting experiments were conducted on sample materials (aluminum, titanium, and Inconel) to generate a data matrix. The cutting results show a similar trend for these materials. The data were also correlated against a previously developed cutting model. Although a strong correlation is seen between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results, the prediction accuracy must be improved to allow for precision machining. Single-pass milling tests were also conducted to observe the geometry of the slots produced by the AWJ and the characteristics of the cut surface, and multipass milling tests were conducted on such materials as aluminum, glass, titanium, and graphite composites. Surface topography was found to be a function of both cutting and abrasive parameters, and surface finish was found to be strongly affected by abrasive particle size. A comparison with other machining techniques is presented in this paper. Abrasive-waterjet milling is among the most efficient methods of energy utilization for material removal.

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Maros, Zsolt. "Effect of Load Energy on the Form of the Gap at Waterjet Cutting." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.304.

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Accuracy of abrasive waterjet cutting mainly depends on the form of cutting gap. It is very difficult to keep in hand the taper of the gap and produce almost parallel cut surfaces. There are a lot of parameters having effect on the gap. Results of a complex investigation have not been published in the literature. Taper can change at different materials and depends on the applied technological parameters (feed rate, pressure, abrasive flow rate etc.). Some results of research work carried out on AlMgSi0.5 alloy related to the taper of the cutting gap are explained in this paper, mainly from point of view of the load energy which effect to the surface of the workpiece during abrasive waterjet cutting.

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Arivazhagan, R., C. Dominic Savio, K. Aakash, M. Ahamed Abuthahir, and C. Ganesh. "An Investigation on Cut Quality of Aluminum Matrix Composites Cut by Abrasive Waterjet." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41263.

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Abstract: Metal matrix composites are difficult to machine in traditional machining methods. Abrasive water jet machining is a state-of-the art technology which enables machining of practically all engineering materials. Abrasive water jet machining is a very efficient machining process which overcomes tool wear issues and cutting temperature issues. This experimental investigates a particular study performed on hybrid metal matrix composites prepared by AA6082 and reinforced 7.5% of TiB2 and 1% graphite in aluminum alloy and processed with abrasive water jets that are formed with garnet 80 mesh size. Particularly roughness average majorly influences with water jet traverse speed. Among interaction effects stand of distance is majorly influenced with geometrical properties except diameter error. Although developing the statistical models for predicting the machining characteristics and geometrical accuracy and the study carried out in this work would help to choose the parameters carefully. Keywords: Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Abrasives, Metal Matrix Composites, Sand Casting

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Wang, Qing Hua, Dong Hua Deng, and Bo Huang. "Experimental Study on 3-Phase Abrasive Waterjet Deburring." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.335.

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Burrs are unnecessary by-products produced by cutting metal in a machining process. It greatly affects product quality and assembly efficiency, and also affects product cost. Therefore, burrs must be removed and the surface quality must be maintained. Contrary to abrasive waterjet, 3-phase abrasive waterjet has same machining effect on a workpiece without an additional equipment to meet its circulatory requirement. An experiment was performed to analyze the effect of the 3-phase abrasive waterjet parameters on burr removal and surface quality.

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Huang, Chuan Zhen, Jun Wang, Yan Xia Feng, and Hong Tao Zhu. "Recent Development of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Technology." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.396.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is a new non-conventional machining technology. Compared with other conventional and non-conventional machining technologies, AWJ offers the following advantages: no thermal distortion, small machining force, high machining versatility, etc. Therefore this technology is regarded as a high potential technology in the field of machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, a comprehensive review of research situation about the cutting performance, the cutting mechanism and the measures to improve the cutting quality is given. The application of abrasive waterjet machining in turning, milling and drilling is reviewed finally.

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Kovacevic, R., R. Mohan, and Y. M. Zhang. "Cutting Force Dynamics as a Tool for Surface Profile Monitoring in AWJ." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804339.

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Abrasive waterjet cut surface is characterized using static and dynamic characterization techniques. A novel method of auto regressive moving average model identification called model distance method is utilized here for surface profile and dynamic force characterization. More information about the surface profile generating mechanism is derived through wavelength decomposition of the ARMA models. The dynamic workpiece normal force in abrasive waterjet is influenced by process parameters such as fluctuations in water pressure, change in abrasive flow rate, vibration of the positioning system, traverse speed, nozzle diameter, etc. An attempt has been made in this paper to link the dynamics of the process to the quality of the generated surface. The feasibility of using the dynamic workpiece normal force as a parameter for on-line monitoring of the surface profile generated by abrasive waterjet is also investigated.

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Itybayeva, G. T., G. M. Bazhenov, A. Zh Kasenov, A. S. Yanushkin, and K. K. Abishev. "Processing of flat glass." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 138, no. 1 (2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2022-138-1-34-43.

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The article discusses the issues of sheet glass processing and provides information about the application, advantages, disadvantages and technological capabilities. The technological parameters of waterjet processing that affect to the cutting quality: the jet speed, the grain size of the abrasive, the angle of jet inclination, the distance from the nozzle to the treated surface. The water cutting method or waterjet cutting can significantly increase the speed and quality of material cutting. From an economic point of view, the consumption of material and energy is significantly reduced (by 20-30%), due to the use of water energy as the cutting tool in this method. The consumable material is only water and abrasive material. By modeling, when using software, it is proved that during waterjet cutting, lower stresses are formed in the glass compared to mechanical roller cutting, thereby ensuring minimal heat generation and accurate cutting with an edge roughness of Ra 1.6 microns.

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Perianu, Ion Aurel, Gabriela Victoria Mnerie, Radu Cojocaru, and Emilia Florina Binchiciu. "ISIM Own Contributions on Non-Conventional Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 890 (June 23, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.147.

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Modern materials cutting operations are traditionally part of the research priorities and also in the production activities of ISIM Timișoara. In the last decade, within the institute, a special emphasis was placed on the development of the abrasive water jet cutting process as well as on implementing the research results obtained into industrial activities. The paper presents own achievements and contributions of ISIM to the development of the abrasive water jet cutting process in the following directions: cutting technologies for materials with different characteristics, innovative new patentable solutions regarding the cutting process respectively important modules in the composition of the water jet cutting equipment, ways to recycle used abrasive waste, solutions to streamline the process. The proposed solutions have been verified with good results in industrial applications, or have been proposed for analysis and development together with specialists in the field from important research units.

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Galinovskij, Andrej L., Mikhail I. Abashin, and Maksim V. Khafizov. "Rapid Determining of the Optimum Operation Mode for Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Process by Means of Acoustic Emission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.401.

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The article reflects the possibility to solve the problem of choosing waterjet cutting optimum conditions based on acoustic emission data. Modeling of the waterjet cutting process by the finite-element method is carried out. The existence of an optimum point in the waterjet cutting performance is shown. Corresponding experiment data is gathered and compared with the simulation results. The correlation between the waterjet cutting performance and the acoustic emission data is shown.

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Hashish, M., and D. C. Echert. "Abrasive-Waterjet Deep Kerfing and Waterjet Surface Cleaning for Nuclear Facilities." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188759.

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A deep kerf tool was designed to cut through the thick, reinforced concrete structures of nuclear facilities to help make the decommissioning process more efficient. Abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) cutting technology is used as the basis of the system. The cutting tool has a rotary nozzle that directs a high-pressure AWJ in a circular pattern. The circular pattern and the angle of jet impact create a slot wider in diameter than the tool itself as the tool moves across the face of the concrete. This makes it possible to insert the tool into the slot and create a deep cut for each pass along it until the desired depth is reached. In this testing program, concrete as thick as 1.5 meters was cut through from one side. The cutting rate of the tool ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 m2/hr. The tool employs a computer-controlled traverse mechanism with a simple device that can detect obstacles, such as uncut reinforcing bars (rebar) or hard aggregate. An electronic sensor system to identify, in real-time, when rebar is being cut was developed and tested with good results. A cleaner/scarifier tool for removing the surface layers of contaminated concrete and decontaminating metal surface was also designed and tested. It uses ultrahigh-pressure waterjets mounted on a rotating arm to remove or clean the target surface. Concrete can be scarified to a depth of 7 mm at a rate of 11 m2/hr. Concrete and metal surfaces can be cleaned of paint and corrosion at a rate of 33 m2/hr. Spoils recovery using a shroud/vacuum system is more than 99 percent for each tool.

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Zohourkari, Iman, Mehdi Zohoor, and Massimiliano Annoni. "Surface Waviness in Abrasive Waterjet Offset-Mode Turning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.555.

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In this paper, surface waviness quality in abrasive waterjet offset-mode turning has been studied regarding variations of some process parameters. Influence of five main operational parameters such as water pressure, cutting head traverse speed, abrasive mass flow rate, workpiece rotational speed and depth of cut on surface waviness of turned parts have been investigated using statistical approach. Second order regression model presented for surface waviness. The model accuracy was verified by comparing with experimental data. It found that abrasive mass flow rate, cutting head traverse speed and DOC are the most influential parameters while water pressure and workpiece rotational speed show lesser effectiveness.

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Maros, Zs. "Machining of different materials with abrasive waterjet cutting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (November 30, 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012009.

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Mostofa, Md G., Kwak Yong Kil, and Ahn Jung Hwan. "Computational fluid analysis of abrasive waterjet cutting head." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-1142-5.

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Uhlmann, E., K. Flögel, and M. Dahlmann. "Beeinflussung des Wasserabrasivstrahls*/Influence of the abrasive waterjet." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 07-08 (2015): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-07-08-40.

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Das Wasserabrasivstrahlschneiden ist ein für viele Materialien des Leichtbaus geeignetes trennendes Fertigungsverfahren. Die effektive Schneidleistung des Verfahrens ist mit der konstruktiven Gestaltung des Schneidkopfes eng verbunden. Unter Verwendung statistischer Versuchsplanungsmethoden wurden die Haupt- und Wechselwirkungen von konstruktiven Mischkammerparametern experimentell untersucht. Die Bewertung erfolgte unter anderem anhand der Rauheit der erzeugten Schnittflächen.   Abrasive waterjet cutting is a suitable manufacturing technology for many materials of light-weight design. The effective cutting performance of the technology is closely related to the structural design of the cutting head. Using the statistical experimental design methods, the main effects and interactions of design parameters of the mixing chamber were investigated. For the evaluation of the full factorial study, the roughness on the cutted surface was deter-mined and analysed.

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Hlaváč, Libor M., Massimiliano P. G. Annoni, Irena M. Hlaváčová, Francesco Arleo, Francesco Viganò, and Adam Štefek. "Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Forces—Potential Indicators of Machining Quality." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123309.

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The necessity of monitoring the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) processes increases with the spreading of this tool into the machining processes. The forces produced on the workpiece during the abrasive waterjet machining can yield some valuable information. Therefore, a special waterjet-force measuring device designed and produced in the past has been used for the presented research. It was tested during the AWJ cutting processes, because they are the most common and the best described up-to-date AWJ applications. Deep studies of both the cutting process and the respective force signals led to the decision that the most appropriate indication factor is the tangential-to-normal force ratio (TNR). Three theorems concerning the TNR were formulated and investigated. The first theorem states that the TNR strongly depends on the actual-to-limit traverse speed ratio. The second theorem claims that the TNR relates to the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio inside the kerf. The third theorem states that the TNR value changes when the cutting head and the respective jet axis are tilted so that a part of the jet velocity vector projects into the traverse speed direction. It is assumed that the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio increases in a certain range of tilting angles of the cutting head. This theorem is supported by measured data and can be utilized in practice for the development of a new method for the monitoring of the abrasive waterjet cutting operations. Comparing the tilted and the non-tilted jet, we detected the increase of the TNR average value from 1.28 ± 0.16 (determined for the declination angle 20° and the respective tilting angle 10°) up to 2.02 ± 0.25 (for the declination angle 30° and the respective tilting angle of 15°). This finding supports the previously predicted and published assumptions that the tilting of the cutting head enables an increase of the cutting wear mode inside the forming kerf, making the process more efficient.

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Labus, T. J., K. F. Neusen, D. G. Alberts, and T. J. Gores. "Factors Influencing the Particle Size Distribution in an Abrasive Waterjet." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899714.

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A basic investigation of the factors which influence the abrasive jet mixing process was conducted. Particle size analysis was performed on abrasive samples for the “as-received” condition, at the exit of the mixing tube, and after cutting a target material. Grit size distributions were obtained through sieve analysis for both water and air collectors. Two different mixing chamber geometries were evaluated, as well as the effects of pressure, abrasive feed rate, cutting speed, and target material properties on particle size distributions. An analysis of the particle size distribution shows that the main particle breakdown is from 180 microns directly to 63 microns or less, for a nominal 80 grit garnet. This selective breakdown occurs during the cutting process, but not during the mixing process.

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Hlaváč, Libor M., Damian Bańkowski, Daniel Krajcarz, Adam Štefek, Martin Tyč, and Piotr Młynarczyk. "Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Forces—Indicator of Cutting System Malfunction." Materials 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071683.

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Measurements enabling the online monitoring of the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting process are still under development. This paper presents an experimental method which can be applicable for the evaluation of the AWJ cutting quality through the measurement of forces during the cutting process. The force measuring device developed and patented by our team has been used for measurement on several metal materials. The results show the dependence of the cutting to deformation force ratio on the relative traverse speed. Thus, the force data may help with a better understanding the interaction between the abrasive jet and the material, simultaneously impacting the improvement of both the theoretical and empirical models. The advanced models could substantially improve the selection of suitable parameters for AWJ cutting, milling or turning with the desired quality of product at the end of the process. Nevertheless, it is also presented that force measurements may detect some undesired effects, e.g., not fully penetrated material and/or some product distortions. In the case of a proper designing of the measuring device, the force measurement can be applied in the online monitoring of the cutting process and its continuous control.

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Hashish, M. "Optimization Factors in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899619.

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This paper discusses the factors that need to be considered when selecting the operational parameters for abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining. Machining applications such as cutting, milling, and turning are considered along with sample data. The effects of different AWJ parameters on both the functional performance of the AWJ system components and the material removal process are discussed. Factors for optimizing these parameters include hardware limitations, high-pressure-related phenomena, and the performance interaction among the different nozzle components. Due to the large number of parameters and factors involved in AWJ machining processes, significant improvements in performance may be obtained by optimizing these parameters.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abrasive waterjet cutting'

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