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1
Sokur, Mykola, Volodymyr Biletskyi, Mykhailo Fyk, Oleksandr Fyk, and Igor Zaselskiy. "The study of the lining layer abrasing wear in the semi-autogenous grinding mill." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016603008.
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In this work complex investigations of the abrasing wear of lining of self-grinding mills (semiautogenous grinding mills) are carried out with the obtaining of mathematical models of wear-abrasing of elevators in terms of height, weight, volume and worn-out area. In particular, according to the location and nature of the abrasing wear processes, the liner-lifters mill self-grinding are identified in three typical groups. During 1 year, in the conditions of Ingulets GOK, the monitoring of the abrasing wear of selected groups of lifters of self-grinding mills was performed. On the basis of the experimental data calculationed in the Microsoft Office Excel program, a set of mathematical models of lifter abrasing wear was obtained in terms of height, weight, volume and worn-out area. The obtained dependencies are recommended for prediction of abrasing wear of lining and necessary frequency of replacement of inserts-lifters. In addition, the research of wear of lining made of cast iron RF–4, showed a significant reduction in their abrasing wear compared with steel 110G13L. Thus, it has been shown that the selection of liner-lifters materials can reduce the inter–repair period by 3 times or more (replacement of worn-out lifters). A comparison of the actual picture of the abrasing wear of elevators and Simulation Statics simulated result (using SolidWorks) stresses shows the convergence of the arrangement of the zones of maximum stresses and the maximum abrasing wear of the lining. Investigation of the influence of the stressed state of lining plates on the intensity of their abrasing wear – a promising direction for further research.
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Chotěborský, R., P. Hrabě, M. Müller, J. Savková, M. Jirka, and M. Navrátilová. "Effect of abrasive particle size on abrasive wear of hardfacing alloys." Research in Agricultural Engineering 55, No. 3 (September 22, 2009): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2008-rae.
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Hardfacing is one of the most useful and economical ways to improve the performance of components submitted to severe wear conditions. This study has been made for the comparison of microstructure and abrasion resistance of hardfacing alloys reinforced with chromium carbides or complex carbides. The hardfacing alloys were deposited onto ČNS EN S235JR low carbon steel plates by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method. Different commercial hardfacing electrodes were applied to investigate the effect of abrasive particle size on abrasive wear resistance. The abrasion tests were made using the two-body abrasion test according to ČSN 01 5084 standard, abrasive cloths were of grits 80, 120, 240, and 400. Microstructure characterisation and surface analysis were made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show the different influence of abrasive particles size on the wear rate for different structures of Fe-Cr-C system. The structures without primary carbides are of high abrasive wear rate, which increases nonlinearly with the increasing abrasive particle size. On the contrary, the structures containing primary carbides are of low abrasive rates and theses rates increase linearly with the increasing abrasive particle size.
3
Zhang, S. W. "Studies on rubber wear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 212, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650981542047.
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Achievements in research on rubber wear by the present author and his group over the past ten years are summarized briefly. These results include mechanisms and wear equations for dry and wet abrasion, basic features and wear mechanism of oily abrasion, theory of dry abrasion by a line contact, physical processes and surface mechanochemical effects of abrasive erosion. They are not only significant in the context of rubber tribology but are also valuable for extending the working life of rubber components.
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Zhang, Jinbo, Qingzhu Zhang, yiyuan Ge, and yongcheng jiang. "Analysis of the Wear-Resistance Characteristics of Bionic Ridge Structures." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13680.
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HighlightsBionic technology can be applied to resolve agricultural engineering problems.Pangolin Squama and Chlamys Farreri shells possess excellent wear-resistance.Bionic ridges can improve sample wear-resistance.Abstract. Consistent soil contact rapidly wears the soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery, such as ploughs and subsoilers. A bionic method was applied to their structural design to improve component wear resistance. Some animal organs possess excellent wear-resistant structures which can provide design inspiration for improving the wear-resistance of agricultural mechanical parts. Previous research found that many ridges exist on Pangolin squama and Chlamys Farreri shell surfaces. Those ridges cause Pangolin squama and Chlamys Farreri shells to exhibit excellent wear-resistance. Therefore, these ridge structures were applied to the design of experimental subsoiler samples (bionic samples) to enhance their wear-resistance. An abrasive wear tester was utilized to conduct abrasive wear experiments under special experimental conditions. These experimental conditions involved sliding speed, soil particle size, moisture content, and space between the ridges. Finally, nine experiments were conducted that subjected the bionic and flat surface samples to different experimental conditions, and their respective mass-loss quantities were measured. Results show that bionic sample mass loss was less than that of the flat surface samples under the same experimental conditions; bionic sample wear-resistance improved by 77%, 73.8%, 66.9%, 45.4%, 58.9%, 65.5%, 33.1%, 66.4%, and 42.6% when compared with flat surface samples under the same experimental conditions. Orthogonal test results reveal that the soil particle size most significantly affected sample wear-resistance, followed by the space between bionic ridges and the sliding speed. One reason that bionic samples exhibited excellent wear-resistance is that the soil particles underwent a “guiding effect” and a “rolling effect” over the bionic ridge surface, thereby reducing the “micro-plowing” that soil particles generated when moving over the contact surface. Mutual interference among soil particles also reduced wear. Part of the soil particles rushing over the bionic sample surface rebounded back; the rebounded soil particles collided with incoming soil particles, then the speed and kinetic energy of all of the particles decreased and sample surface abrasion declined. Moreover, “vortexes” generated by sample surface air and ridges lead to an “air cushion” effect which can lessen the number of sample surface soil particles, and bionic ridge sample abrasions can be significantly reduced. Abrasion experiment results analysis indicates that bionic ridges distributed on subsoiler sample surfaces can significantly improve wear-resistance. The bionic design method provides a new approach for increasing the wear-resistance of the soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery. Keywords: Abrasive wear, Bionic ridge, Optimal design, Wear-resistance.
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Rathod, Avishkar, Sanjay G. Sapate, and Rajesh K. Khatirkar. "Scaling Laws of Wear by Slurry Abrasion of Mild Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.126.
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Wear by slurry abrasion is very expansive problem that must be taken into consideration while selecting the material for the transportation of slurry through pipeline. Abrasive wear generally occurs when abrasive slurries come in contact with the industrial engineering components or slurry transporting pipes. The abrasive particles carried by slurries eventually remove the material from the encountering surfaces which results in the early failure of the component in service. In present investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of load, slurry concentration, sliding distance on the abrasive wear behaviour of mild steel. The slurry abrasion experiments were carried out using slurry abrasion test apparatus with silica sand slurry. The findings of the present investigation indicate that slurry abrasion volume increased with slurry concentration, load and sliding distance, although the magnitude of increase was different in each case. The SEM observation of worn out surfaces revealed micro ploughing and micro cutting as wear mechanisms.
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ZDRAVECKÁ, E., J. TKÁČOVÁ, and M. ONDÁČ. "Effect of microstructure factors on abrasion resistance of high-strength steels." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 3 (September 12, 2014): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2013-rae.
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Current development of high strength abrasion resistant steels is mostly oriented on high hardness, martensitic concept following the hypothesis that the abrasion resistance holds a proportional tendency with hardness. The various experimental observations have suggested that the high hardness of martenzite does not guarantee a high abrasion resistance because the brittle nature of martensite can lead to decrease their abrasive wear. The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of microstructure on abrasion resistance of selected high-strength low-alloyed steels used in the industry. The abrasive wear resistance of selected steels was obtained using an ASTM-G65 three-body abrasive wear test, microstructure and wear resistance determination. It was observed that grain refinement is an effective way of enhancing the abrasion resistance. In this context, micro alloyed steels offer an attractive combination of price and performance.
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Fan, Yu Jin, Zhe Kun Li, Teng Han, and Wei Da Wang. "Finite Element Simulation of Abrasive Wear and Study of Wear Resistance of Material." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 3192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3192.
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This paper presented the abrasive wear process of a particle pressing into the material and sliding on the surface simulated by finite element method to reveal wear characteristics and effect factors. The contact stress and surface deformation of material were indicated and material wear resistance was studied, it was found that the stress and the deformation of subsurface not only depends on mechanical properties of material and original surface shape, but also on deformed surface profile due to sliding. In order to prove the effects of material yield stress and deformation harden property on surface deformation and abrasion resistance property, the abrasive wear of three kinds of carbon steel were taken for examples, the simulation results were presented that the larger yield stress of carbon steel, the less surface deformation and the better abrasion resistance property when a particle sliding on the surface. The simulation results also shown that the deformation harden of carbon steel could reduce surface deformation, but couldnt always improve abrasion resistance property.
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Kotus, M., Z. Andrássyová, P. Čičo, J. Fries, and P. Hrabě. "Analysis of wear resistent weld materials in laboratory conditions ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S74—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-rae.
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The aim of the study was the evaluation of the suitability of using filler surfacing materials in abrasion resistant layers according to their material and tribology features. Laboratory analysis of the selected materials consisted of the tests of hardness, microstructure and wear resistance determination. The abrasive wear resistance was defined according to the standard STN 01 5084. On the basis of the results obtained, we can state that using the hard-facing for the background is tenable for the purpose of wear amount decrement where the abrasive wear prevails.
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Kamdi, Zakiah, P. H. Shipway, and K. T. Voisey. "A Modified Micro-Scale Abrasion for Large Hard Phase Cermet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.888.
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Various research programmes have been conducted examining cermet coatings in relation to wear, corrosion and the combination of both (erosion-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion). Several methods have been employed to deposit cermet coatings, the most common being thermal spraying or hard facing (weld overlaying).The cermet coatings are carbide-sized ranging from 50 150 μm which is larger than abrasive particles which range between 2 to 10 μm. This allows the abrasive particles to interact with the carbide and matrix separately. Understanding the mechanism of this situation is necessary as abrasion maybe caused by a small abrasive. However, carbide sinking caused by this large carbide leads to diverse local carbide distributions and wear rates with a larger standard deviation. Modified micro-scale abrasion tests were performed with a silica abrasive of 2-10 μm particle size distribution and suspended in water. Due to the sinking of carbide particles during the coating process, the ground samples with more carbide on the surface displayed better wear resistance than those with a lower local carbide content. By using a modified micro-scale abrasion wear test, the correlation between local carbide content and wear rate may be determined with a smaller standard deviation. Rolling wear mode was observed due to the lower degree of hardness of the abrasive compared to the hard phase. The wear behaviour is related to the microstructure.
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Farfan Cabrera, Leonardo Israel, Ezequiel Alberto Gallardo Hernandez, and Cesar David Resendiz Calderon. "Abrasive wear study of an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) rotary seal in dry and muddy contact using a micro-abrasion tester." Superficies y Vacío 30, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47566/2017_syv30_1-010001.
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Rotary dynamic seals are widely used in machinery in order to retain fluids and to exclude external contaminants by allowing the free shaft movement. One of the most recurrent failure of seals is caused by abrasive wear under prolonged sliding contact. It is mainly produced either by partial dry running (two-body abrasion) and/or by interacting with abrasive hard fine particles, which are immersed in the fluids generating three-body abrasive wear. This work aims to study both types of abrasion using a micro-scale abrasion tester. For this, small samples were extracted from an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) lip of an actual dynamic seal. The testing was conducted in dry contact to generate two-body abrasive wear, as well as in a wet/muddy environment in order to reproduce three-body abrasion. The load was selected in order to approach the actual mean contact pressure of seals against rotary shafts. Hence, a stress relaxation test of the NBR samples was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic behavior. The wear scar morphologies and wear progression were analyzed in detail by optical microscopy, SEM analysis and optical profilometry. Finally, the experimental test was suitable to reproduce two-body and three-body abrasion on the samples since the particular wear patterns on small wear scars were obtained by short experiments.
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Chotěborský, R., P. Hrabě, M. Müller, J. Savková, and M. Jirka. "Abrasive wear of high chromium Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 4 (October 16, 2008): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2008-rae.
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Weld deposits are one of the most used economical ways of the wear resistance increase. The study compares the characteristics of the overlay material welded-on and the abrasive wear resistance. The research has been carried out using hardfacing alloys reinforced with primary chromium carbides and complex carbides. The overlay material was deposited on the low-carbon steel S235JR using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method. Four different commercial overlay materials were studied in terms of the microstructure effect. The abrasion wear testing was carried out using the abrasive cloth of grit 120 according to CSN 01 5084. The microstructure characterisation and surface analysis were made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results illustrate a significant effect of primary carbides on the abrasive wear resistance of weld deposits.
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Ramu, N., K. Umanath, and Gandhi Mallela. "Influence of Particle Fracture on the Slurry Abrasion Behavior of Weld Deposited Martensitic Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.687.
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The life of the components used under slurry abrasion conditions is governed by the process variables, properties of the abrasive materials in the slurry and the material properties. Slurry wear, abrasion occurs in Extruders, pumps and pipe transport slurry of minerals and ores in mineral processing industries. In the present research, the effect of operating variables such as abrasive particle size and shape, slurry concentration and normal load on the abrasive slurry wear behavior of the weld deposit martensitic steel surface produced by the Manual Metal Arc Welding Hard facing process was conceded out. The testing was conceded out using the slurry abrasion test rig. The silica sand particles were used as the abrasive medium. The qualitative nature of wear pattern and morphology of the worn out surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). These features were correlated with operating parameters.
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Zhang, M. Q., K. Friedrich, K. Batzar, and P. Thomas. "Wear Transition in Fluoropolymer Based Composite Coatings." Advanced Composites Letters 5, no. 2 (March 1996): 096369359600500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359600500202.
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Abrasive wear behavior of fluoropolymer based composite coatings was investigated by using a particular wear testing method, the Nord Test. It was found that the abrasion process was a decelerated one due to a transition from three-body abrasion to two-body sliding wear. Coating thickness but not material microstructure controlled the wear performance of the present coating systems.
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Chen, Ping, Jing Wan, and Hua Chen. "Micro-Scale Abrasive Wear of Soft Materials." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1330.
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Ball-crating micro-scale abrasion technique has been used to determine the specific wear rates of coating and substrate by only one set of tests done with the coated surface. It can also be used to test wear performance of bulk materials. Some micro-scale abrasive wear problems about soft bulk materials were investigated with multifunctional micro-wear tester by self-development. And it was compared with Ni60B coating and TiN coating having higher hardness. The formation and evolution of ridges of the abrasion scar on soft material surfaces have been studied. The formation mechanism of ridges was discussed and the influencing factors on the ridge formation were analyzed. Recommendations were made for the optimum test conditions for micro-scale abrasive wear investigation of soft materials.
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Qin, Kun, Qin Zhou, Kai Zhang, and Minghao Lv. "Effect of Thermal Degradation of FKM on Three-Body Abrasion under Dry Sliding: Severe Damage Led by the Particle Detention." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 3820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143820.
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Both the high temperature and particle environment at the downhole greatly aggravate the abrasive wear and shorten the service life of the fluororubber (FKM) seal seriously in drilling engineering. At present, there is less awareness of the tribological behavior of seals in such complex working conditions. In this work, the abrasive wear performance of the thermally degraded FKM seal was tested in the form of simulating the intrusion of abrasive particles into the interface. Results show that the wear of both rubber seals and metal counterparts is exacerbated. Through the analysis of the wear scar morphology and friction coefficient, it is revealed that more abrasive caves scatter on the surface due to the mechanical degradation of the FKM. These abrasion caves reduce the tendency of particles to escape from the caves and prolong the abrasive action. Furthermore, the abrasion cave alters the particle motion from sliding to rolling, which leads to more caves generated on the surface of the hard tribo-pair. These results enhance the understanding of the abrasive wear for FKM seals and hopefully contribute to the promotion of seals used in hot abrasive particle environments.
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Kawalec, M., and E. Olejnik. "Abrasive Wear Resistance of Cast Iron with Precipitates of Spheroidal VC Carbides." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0065-2.
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Abrasive Wear Resistance of Cast Iron with Precipitates of Spheroidal VC Carbides The paper presents the results of abrasive wear resistance tests carried out on high-vanadium cast iron with spheroidal VC carbides. The cast iron of eutectic composition was subjected to spheroidising treatment using magnesium master alloy. The tribological properties were examined for the base cast iron (W), for the cast iron subjected to spheroidising treatment (S) and for the abrasion-resistant steel (SH). Studies have shown that high-vanadium cast iron with both eutectic carbides and spheroidal carbides has the abrasion resistance twice as high as the abrasion-resistant cast steel. The spheroidisation of VC carbides did not change the abrasion resistance compared to the base high-vanadium grade.
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Manoharan, S., G. Ramadoss, B. Suresha, and R. Vijay. "Influence of Fiber Reinforcement and Abrasive Particle Size on Three-Body Abrasive Wear of Hybrid Friction Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.156.
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In the present study, enhancement of abrasion resistance of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin based hybrid friction composites with different ingredients viz. binder, micron sized fibers and fillers have been synergistically investigated. Hybrid friction composites based on basalt and recycled aramid fibers were prepared using compression moulding. Three-body abrasive wear tests were conducted according to ASTM G-65 standard by dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion tester using two different size of angular silica sand abrasives (212 and 425 μm) at a constant load of 40 N. The results indicated that the wear volume loss increases with increasing abrading distance and abrasive particle size. However, the specific wear rate decreased with increasing abrading distance and increases with increase in abrasive particle size. Addition of fiber content has a significant influence on the abrasive wear performance of these composites. Further, the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the involved wear mechanisms.
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Xiao, G. J., Y. Huang, R. K. Cheng, and Y. Lu. "Experimental Research on the Mathematical Model of Abrasion Ratio Based on the Abrasive Belt Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.480.
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Abrasion ratio is an important parameter to estimate the wear resistance of abrasive belt grinding, reacting the relationship between the material removal and the abrasive belt wear, and also, its value is an important basis to instruct the process of abrasive belt grinding. The mathematical model of material removal is obtained by analyzing the basic mechanism theory of centerless cylindrical grinding in this paper, and the impact curve which react the relationship between the abrasion ration and the material removal or cutting depth is obtained by using the software of Mathematica. The abrasion ratio is testified in this paper by the experiment test of abrasive belt grinding for the titanium alloy, 45# steel and 304# stainless steel, systematic analyzing the affection of abrasion ratio on the hardness ratio and the belt speed. Experimental result shows that: belt speed is superior than hardness ratio to the abrasion ratio, and the mathematical model of material removal is testified by this experimental research. So the mathematical model of material removal could be used with theoretical basis in belt grinding process.
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Wang, Huai Zhi, Zhi Ping Wang, Yang Lu, Ya Fei Li, and Guo Qing Tian. "Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Plasma and Laser Coatings of Aluminium Bronze Powder." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.621.
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Cu-14Al-X alloys was made into powder and then the powder was coated onto the surface of AISI 1045 steel respectively via plasma spraying and laser cladding technologies. Microstructure and phases of the coating were investigated by EPMA, XRD, SEM et al. Friction and wear properties of the two coatings were tested by RFT- friction and wear testing machine. The results indicates that the two coatings all consists of β′, α, K and γ2 phases and the structure of laser cladding is more evenly distributed. Under the condition of boundary lubrication, abrasion mechanism of laser coating remains abrasive grain abrasion. There is also adhesion abrasion under the condition of high load. While abrasion mechanism of plasma coating is slight abrasive grain abrasion and adhesion abrasion under low load. With the load increasing, adhesion abrasion intensifies. In a word, microstructure of laser coating is more even and compact.
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Zhang, Zhihong, Shuo Yuan, Qinghui Lai, Guobiao Zuo, and Huseyin Guler. "Bioinspired Imbricated Microthorn Scale Surfaces and their Abrasive Wear Performance." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 2 (2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14876.
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HighlightsImproving the wear resistance of soil-engaging components is an urgent need for the agricultural machinery industry.Sandfish (Scincus scincus) epidermis with exceptional wear resistance was selected as a bionic prototype.By adopting a bionic engineering approach, a novel bioinspired microthorn scale surface was designed and prepared.Numerical simulations were performed with EDEM to investigate the wear resistance mechanism.Abstract. To solve the problem of abrasive wear failure of the soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery, the imbricated microthorn scale structure of the sandfish (Scincus scincus) epidermis surface was selected as a bionic prototype. By adopting a bionic engineering approach, nine bionic microthorn scale surface specimens with different geometric structure parameters were designed and prepared. Wear resistance tests were performed in a rotating abrasive wear testing system. The results of the wear tests showed that the imbricated microthorn scale structured surfaces had substantially less abrasion loss than a conventional smooth surface. The influence of the geometric structure parameters on the wear performance was also identified. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the wear resistance mechanism of the imbricated microthorn scale structured surfaces. The abrasion of the bionic surfaces mainly occurred at the edge of the microthorn that faced the abrasive particle flow. The trajectory of subsequent abrasive particle flow was modified by the large dispersion of particle flow; hence, the number of particles that impacted the surface decreased. Therefore, the wear resistance performance of the bionic surfaces was enhanced. This bioinspired surface can provide a technical reference to mitigate the abrasive wear failure of the soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery. Keywords: Abrasive wear, Archard wear, Bionic design, Discrete element method, Scale surface.
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Kamdi, Zakiah, P. H. Shipway, and K. T. Voisey. "Micro-Scale Abrasion of WC-Based Coatings with Different Abrasive Type." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.65.
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Various research programmes have been conducted examining cermet coatings regarding wear, corrosion and the combination of both (erosion-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion). Several methods have been used to deposit cermet coatings, the most common being thermal spraying or hard facing (weld overlaying). In the current work, the micro-scale abrasion of coatings deposited using both high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying and weld overlay techniques are compared. The weld-overlayed WC-nickel alloy systems have the carbide particles are typically two orders of magnitude larger than in the sprayed coatings. Micro-scale abrasion tests were performed using silicon carbide, alumina and silica particle slurries with abrasive particle sizes in the range of 2-10 μm in all cases. Wear rates were determined and the wear scars were examined using SEM to elucidate the dominant wear mechanisms. The wear rate is generally observed to decrease with decreasing abrasive hardness from silicon carbide, followed by alumina and silica.
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Skury, Ana Lúcia Diegues, Sérgio Neves Monteiro, Marcia G. de Azevedo, Laís B. Motta, and Guerold Sergueevitch Bobrovinitchii. "Performance of Nanostructured Diamond Composites in Wear Tests." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.919.
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Diamond-Si nanostructured composites were obtained by cyclic high pressure and high temperature sintering with different processing conditions to examine the dominant microstructural factors and the abrasive wear resistance. The microstructure of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The abrasive wear behavior of the composites was evaluated by weight loss in abrasion tests. It was found that improved nanostructured composite properties and denser structures were obtained for sintering performed with more than one cycle of pressure and temperature.
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Kalácska, Ádám, László Székely, Róbert Zsolt Keresztes, András Gábora, Tamás Mankovits, and Patrick De Baets. "Abrasive Sensitivity of Martensitic and a Multi-Phase Steels under Different Abrasive Conditions." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061343.
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The wear behaviour of two martensitic and one multiphase steel targeted for abrasion and erosion applications in agriculture and mining industry were investigated in three abrasive test systems with different complexity. Scratch tests were performed with different indenter radii, shapes, and loads. The material behaviour was also investigated in multi-asperity contact systems. Pin-on-disc tests were performed with various loads and abrasive particles, as well as abrasive slurry-pot tests with different sliding velocities, distances, and impact angles of the abrasive media were performed. Comparing the test systems, the tested materials ranked similarly based on their wear performance, however, in each configuration, the dominant variable of the wear mechanism differed. The significance and contributions of test paramecenterters, the material’s mechanical properties (H, σM, σY, E, εεM, εεB, W, σc, Ec) and the dimensionless numbers formed from them were investigated on the wear behaviour and the surface deformation. Correlation between parameters was established by multiple linear regression models. The sensitivity of the tested materials to abrasion was evaluated taking into account the wide range of influencing parameters.
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Li, Wen Zhen, and Nan Qu. "Study of High Temperature Wear Resistance of Hot Work Steel for Magnesium Alloy Die Casting." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.33.
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The wear properties of TFHS-1 hot work steel developed by Tsinghua University for magnesium die casting application was studied at elevated temperature with the help of GWY-2000 high temperature wear tester. The result showed that the oxidation wear is the main wear mechanism at high temperature with dry abrasion, which was also accompanied by some extent of adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Heat treatment conditions of TFHS-1 steel have an important effect on its anti-abrasion properties. In this paper, the higher temperature of tempering may result in the better wear resistance.
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Peng, Rui Tao, Fang Lu, Xin Zi Tang, and Yuan Qiang Tan. "DEM Simulation of Ceramic Tool Abrasion in Machining Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.385.
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The discrete element method (DEM) model which describes the friction and abrasion behavior of the interface between Sialon ceramic tool and superalloy chip in machining were established, effects of cutting speed and depth of cut on tool abrasion were numerically investigated. The abrasion behaviors of the Sialon ceramic tool mainly appear in terms of abrasive wear, fatigue wear, adhesion wear and diffusion wear. The DEM simulation results show that, within a certain range, the higher cutting speed effectively results in the slighter wear of Sialon ceramic tools, meanwhile the deeper depth of cut leads to more serious tool wear. It is further validated that discrete element method is feasible to simulate the tool wear behavior.
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Liu, Zong De, Bin Li, Li Ping Zhao, and Yong Chen. "Wear Resistance of TiC Ceramic Particulate-Reinforced Metal Matrix Cermets." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.120.
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To characterize wear behaviors of TiC ceramic particulate-reinforced metal matrix cermets in abominable condition, wear-resistance test was practiced in grain abrasive wear with the TiC-xNi cermets in-situ fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method combined with pseudo hot iso-static pressing. Grain abrasion test was conducted with the MLS-225 type tester. Wear resistance was evaluated as weight loss obtained after each period of 10 minutes. Wear resistance of the cermets increased with the increase of TiC content in the composites. SEM was employed to analyze the wear process and wear mechanism. SEM examination of the wear tracks in the worn surface suggests that abrasive wear mechanisms of different binder content cermets are similar. The worn surface is characterized by long and deep parallel grooves. The fracturing of bigger carbide grains and carbide framework by a fatigue process under repeated abrasion is followed by weight loss of the material.
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Matache, Gheorghe, Alexandru Paraschiv, and Cristian Puscasu. "An Investigation of the Thermal Sprayed Molybdenum Coatings Behaviour to Micro-Abrasion Wear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 841 (June 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.841.15.
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The wear behaviour of thick molybdenum coatings deposited by electric arc thermal spray on steel support was investigated by micro-abrasion, a relatively recent introduced method for small scale wear testing. The wear mechanisms and wear rates without coatings penetration were investigated with respect of time corresponding to primary and secondary wear stages. The micro-abrasion of Mo coatings using SiC abrasive slurry have been discussed and wear scar characteristics were evaluated based on the experimentally results. The worn surfaces of the tested specimen were examined by SEM and the specific wear rate was calculated from experimental data. For the testing durations used it was identified the change from grooving to rolling wear corresponding to the transition of wear mode from two-body to three body-abrasion.
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Silva, F. J. G., R. B. Casais, R. P. Martinho, and A. P. M. Baptista. "Role of abrasive material on micro-abrasion wear tests." Wear 271, no. 9-10 (July 2011): 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.050.
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Lv, Bing Hai, Ju Long Yuan, Ying Xue Yao, Z. W. Wang, B. C. Tao, J. J. Zhen, and Ping Zhao. "Study on Wear Mode of Silicon Nitride Balls in Lapping Process." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.403.
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To understand the mechanism involved in the lapping process of the silicon nitride balls, the wear mode is investigated in this paper. The abrasion tests were performed on a ball-plate wear test apparatus with different loads (0~2N/ball) and slurry concentrations (5%wt~30%wt W20 B4C3). The abraded surface is observed by optical telescope. A wear-mode map, which defines the regimes for two-body abrasion or three-body abrasion dominating in the micro-scale abrasion test, is plotted with two axes: load and concentration of abrasive. An empirical formula for the wear mode transition is adopted to calculate the transition point S*, which can then used to predict the wear mode in lapping process of silicon nitride ball.
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Rasool, Ghulam, Yousuf El Shafei, and Margaret M. Stack. "Mapping Tribo-Corrosion Behaviour of TI-6AL-4V Eli in Laboratory Simulated Hip Joint Environments." Lubricants 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8070069.
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Wear and corrosion in artificial hip replacements are known to result in metal ion release and wear debris induced osteolysis. This may lead to pain and sensitivity for patients. This infers that pre-clinical testing is critical in determining the long-term performance, safety, and reliability of the implant materials. For this purpose, micro-abrasion-corrosion tests were carried out on a biocompatible material, Ti-6Al-4V ELI, using a T-66, Plint micro-abrasion test rig in conjunction with Gill Ac corrosion testing apparatus for the range of applied loads and electrical potentials in the hip joint simulated environment. A Ringer’s solution, with and without an abrasive particle (silicon carbide), was used to enable the interactions between abrasion and corrosion. In this paper, the effects of applied load and electrochemical potential on the tribo-corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V in a bio-simulated environment are presented. The wastage, micro-abrasion-corrosion mechanisms, and synergy behaviour were identified and mapped. A significant difference in corrosion current densities was observed in the presence of abrasive particles, suggesting the removal of the protective oxide layer. The results also indicate that Ti-6Al-4V had significant abrasive wear loss when coupled with a ceramic counterpart. According to the mechanism, micro-abrasion plays a predominant role in the abrasion-corrosion behaviour of this material and the material losses by mechanical processes are substantially larger than losses, due to electrochemical processes.
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ÇAY, Vedat Veli. "Effects of Abrasive Particle Type, Load and Sliding Distance on Micro-Abrasion Resistance of High Speed Steel Coated with AlCrN or AlTiN." Materials Science 27, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.25776.
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High Speed Steel (HSS) specimen surfaces were coated with AlCrN and AlTiN via Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method. Then, the wear performances of the film coatings so produced were investigated by using different abrasive types with different particle sizes. During the micro-abrasion wear tests, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 N loads were applied for periods of 60 and 180 seconds. During the wear tests, wear loss increased with increasing SiC and Al2O3 abrasive particle size. Micro-grooving and micro-rolling wear were observed when F800 and F1200 abrasive slurry were used, respectively. It was determined that the volume losses formed by SiC abrasive particles on AlTiN and AlCrN coatings to be higher than Al2O3 abrasive particles. Volume losses increased with the increase in the applied load and the number of cycles. The AlCrN coatings exhibited better wear resistance than the AlTiN coatings. The applied test load had a significant effect on the wear mechanisms observed.
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NAPIÓRKOWSKI, Jerzy, and Krzysztof LIGIER. "EFFECT OF THE ANGLE OF IMPACT OF AN ABRASIVE SOIL MASS ON STEEL WEAR INTENSITY." Tribologia 279, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7017.
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This article presents a study into the effect of the rake angle of the working surface of a specimen made of Hardox Extreme steel on abrasive wear intensity. The study was conducted using the “rotating bowl” method in two types of an abrasive soil mass at three specimen rake angles of 0˚, 12˚, and 17˚. No significant differences in the wear intensity were observed for a heavy abrasive soil mass, while for a light abrasive soil mass, an increase in the wear intensity was observed with an increase in the rake angle, with the greatest increase in the wear intensity occurring after a change in the rake angle from 0˚ to 12˚. Increasing the rake angle from 12˚ to 17˚ resulted in no significant change in the wear intensity. In the light abrasive soil mass, non-zero specimen rake angles increased the dynamic impact of loose abrasive wheels. The appearance of the surface of specimens subjected to abrasion under these conditions indicated a high proportion of erosive wear accompanying the scratching and ridging wear.
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Chairman, C. Anand, and S. P. Kumaresh Babu. "Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Basalt and Glass Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.534.
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Three-body abrasive wear behavior of basalt–epoxy (B–E) and glass–epoxy (G–E) composites have been investigated using Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion resistance for various abrading distance, viz., 150, 300, 450 and 600m and different loads(22N and 32N) at 200 rpm. The weight loss and specific wear rate as a function of load and abrading distance were determined. The weight loss increases with increasing load and also with abrading distance while the specific wear rate decreases with increase in abrading distance and increases with the load. Better abrasion wear resistance was observed in B-E composite compared to G–E composite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to examine the abraded composite specimens and revealed that the more damage occur to glass fiber compared to basalt fiber. Also good interfacial adhesion was observed between epoxy and basalt fiber which leads to good abrasive wear resistance.
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Shen, Mingxue, Bo Li, Zhinan Zhang, Longzhi Zhao, and Guangyao Xiong. "Abrasive wear behavior of PTFE for seal applications under abrasive-atmosphere sliding condition." Friction 8, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0301-7.
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Abstract Abrasive wear is a common failure phenomenon that often limits the service life of sealing elements. Evaluation and comparison of the abrasion resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were conducted using Al2O3 particles with sizes in the range 5 to 200 µm on a pin-on-flat tribo-tester under dry reciprocating sliding conditions at room temperature. Based on the examined worn surface characteristics of both PTFE and 316L stainless steel (as a counterpart) and the analyzed coefficient of friction (COF) evolutions, the wear mechanism and particle size effect have been explored in detail. The results demonstrate that the abrasive size is the main contributing factor, which can drastically impact the wear mechanism and tribological properties of tribo-pairs. The COF exhibits different evolution characteristics (trends) for different abrasive sizes. For moderate particle sizes, the COF trends become more complicated and the most evident wear of the metallic counterpart is evident. The activity behaviors of abrasives are dominated by the particle size. Particles can becomes embedded in one of the tribo-pair materials to plough-cut the counterpart, thus causing two-body abrasive wear. The abrasives can also behave as free rolling bodies, which play the role of third body to realize three-body “PTFE-abrasive-316L” abrasion. When abrasives are involved in the wear process, both the wear rate and COF of the metallic counterpart increase, but the material removal rate of the PTFE is reduced. The results obtained can offer guidelines regarding the design and protection of seals.
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Pulford, Carl T. R. "Failure of Rubber by Abrasion." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536083.
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Abstract This short review presents the landmark discoveries and ideas in rubber abrasion that have brought the field to where it is today. First, the important features of rubber abrasion are reviewed as background for a physical model for the abrasion of rubber. The model, due to Thomas, is described in detail, since it clearly shows the connection between the failure of rubber by abrasive wear and the appropriate rubber fracture properties. The implications of the model for improved abrasion resistance are also discussed. Then, physical principles are applied to the failure of rubber by abrasion in actual products, such as tires. The tire wear model of Schallamach and Turner is described, together with its success in explaining several features of tire wear.
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Sadiq, Kamran, Mark A. Sim, Richard A. Black, and Margaret M. Stack. "Mapping the Micro-Abrasion Mechanisms of CoCrMo: Some Thoughts on Varying Ceramic Counterface Diameter on Transition Boundaries In Vitro." Lubricants 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8070071.
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The micro-abrasion wear mechanisms for CoCrMo against variable size alumina balls, representing typical artificial femoral head sizes, were investigated over a range of applied loads in foetal calf serum solution. SEM analysis of resulting wear scars displayed two-body and mixed-mode abrasion modes of wear. The wear factor, κ, was found to range between 0.86 and 22.87 (10−6 mm3/Nm). Micro-abrasion mechanism and wastage maps were constructed for the parameter range tested. A dominant two- to three-body abrasion regime was observed with an increasing load and ball diameter. The 28-mm ball diameter displayed the lowest wastage, with an increasing load. Proteins may act to reduce the severity of contact between abrasive particles and bearing surfaces. Wear volumes did not necessarily increase linearly with applied load and ball diameter; therefore, there is a need to develop more accurate models for wear prediction during micro-abrasion conditions. Wear mapping for hip replacements could provide a useful aid for pre-clinical hip wear evaluations and long-term performance.
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TARASIUK, Wojciech, Jerzy NAPIÓRKOWSKI, Krzysztof LIGIER, and Bazyli KRUPICZ. "COMPARISON OF THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF HARDOX 500 STEEL AND 20MnCr5." Tribologia 273, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6254.
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The paper presents the results of experimental studies on abrasion resistance of Hardox 500 steel and 20MnCr5 steel subjected to thermo-chemical treatment. These types of steel are often used for agricultural or construction machinery. Abrasion tests were performed on a T-11 pin using a disc tester. The test conditions correspond to the wear caused by micro-grinding and grain-cutting using particles from the product as well as a result of abrasion produced by loose abrasive material created through the chipping of silica sand grains. The obtained results can be useful in the selection of materials for machine components.
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Pessolano Filos, Irene, Raffaella Sesana, Massimiliano Di Biase, and Rocco Lupoi. "New Abrasive Coatings: Abraded Volume Measurements in Ceramic Ball Production." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030081.
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Technological progress in hybrid bearings developed high wear and abrasion resistant materials for rolling elements. The manufacturing process of bearing balls presents new challenges, as nowadays, it requires time-consuming and costly processes. In this frame, the bearing manufacturing industry is demanding improvements in materials, geometry, and processes. This work aims to investigate new abrasive coatings for grinding wheels for Si3N4 ball manufacturing. Tribological pin on disk tests are performed on samples of grinding materials (disk) versus a Si3N4 ball (pin). Two samples of specimens coated with an electrodeposited diamond and diamond-reinforced metal matrix composite are examined to measure the abrasion rate and the wear resistance of Silicon Nitride Si3N4 balls, considering the influence of sliding speed and the effect of coating deposition on diamond particle density and granulometry. The measurements estimated the specific wear coefficient k, the height wear surface h, and the wear rate u of the Si3N4 balls. The results pointed out that by increasing the sliding speed, the abraded volume increases for both the coatings. The parameters affecting the abrasion effectiveness of both the coatings are the surface roughness, the abrasive particle dimension, and the sliding speed.
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Milan, Brožek. "Abrasive wear resistance of selected woods." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 2 (June 20, 2017): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/74/2015-rae.
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In this contribution, the results of the wear resistance study of 10 sorts of wood (apple, aspen, beech, hornbeam, horse-chestnut, London plane, mahogany, silver fir, sour cherry and sweet cherry) are published. The laboratory tests were carried out using the pin-on-disk machine when the abrasive clothes of three different grits (240, 120 and 60) were used. The wear intensity was assessed by the volume, weight and length losses of the tested samples. From the results of the carried out tests it follows that the wear resistance of different woods is different. It was proved that the wear resistance of different woods depends on the abrasive particles size, too. Also the technical-economical evaluation was part of the carried out tests. It was univocally proved that at the intensive abrasive wear using the abrasive cloth the best results were shown by hard woods, e.g. apple, beech or mahogany. Soft woods, e.g. horse-chestnut, silver fir or sweet cherry, are cheap, but their wear is bigger compared to hard woods.
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Brykov, Michail Nikolaevich, Taisiia Oleksandrivna Akrytova, Michail Jurievich Osipov, Ivan Petryshynets, Viktor Puchy, Vasily Georgievich Efremenko, Kazumichi Shimizu, Maik Kunert, and Olaf Hesse. "Abrasive Wear of High-Carbon Low-Alloyed Austenite Steel: Microhardness, Microstructure and X-ray Characteristics of Worn Surface." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 6159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206159.
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A high-carbon, high-silicon steel (1.21 wt% C, 2.56 wt% Mn, 1.59 wt% Si) was subjected to quenching from 900 and 1000 °C, resulting in microstructures containing 60 and 94% of retained austenite, respectively. Subsequent abrasive wear tests of quenched samples were performed using two-body abrasion and three-body abrasion testing machines. Investigations on worn surface and subsurface were carried out using SEM, XRD, and microhardness measurement. It was found that the highest microhardness of worn surface (about 1400 HV0.05) was achieved on samples quenched from 900 °C after three-body abrasion. Microhardness of samples after two-body abrasion was noticeably smaller. with a maximum of about 1200 HV0.05. This difference correlates with microstructure investigations along with XRD results. Three-body abrasion has produced a significantly deeper deformed layer; corresponding diffractograms show bigger values of the full width at half maximum parameter (FWHM) for both α and γ alone standing peaks. The obtained results are discussed in the light of possible differences in abrasive wear conditions and differing stability of retained austenite after quenching from different temperatures. It is shown that a structure of metastable austenite may be used as a detector for wear conditions, as the sensitivity of such austenite to phase transformation strongly depends on wear conditions, and even small changes in the latter lead to significant differences in the properties of the worn surface.
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Widder, Lukas, Markus Varga, Karl Adam, and Andreas Kuttner. "Development of Impact Energy Distribution of Various Abrasives during Cyclic Impact/Abrasion Testing." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.234.
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In heavy industries like mining or steel production vast amounts of loose materials need to be transported, relocated or otherwise processed. During these routines severe stresses are applied on heavy machinery components such as excavator grabs and clamshells, which ultimately lead to excessive wear. The dominant wear mechanisms under such conditions are impact and abrasion. The focus of this paper is to investigate the fracture behaviour of various abrasives as experienced under real application in the steel industry. Breaking events of abrasive particles affect the impact energies on tool equipment. The Cyclic Impact/Abrasion Test rig (CIAT) was applied to investigate the stability and fracture behaviour of the abrasives. Rotating counter bodies made of martensitic quenched and tempered steel were used to generate impact events on loose abrasive particles. After certain time intervals the abrasives were screened and particle size fractions documented. Impact energy is strongly dependent on size and density, as well as fragility and cracking of particles. As fracturing events diminish particle dimensions and shift size distributions to lower size fractions, each abrasive showed a distinctive impact energy distribution over the course of the test duration. Impact energy distributions of abrasives were correlated to wear rates of the steel samples for each abrasive used. The results indicate a distinct behaviour of each abrasive, yielding certain impact energy distributions. Depending on processing specific abrasive goods in actual applications, impact energies and associated wear loss can differ significantly.
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Wang, Hong Tao, Gang Chang Ji, Qing Yu Chen, Xue Fei Du, and Wei Fu. "Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Behaviour of HVOF Sprayed Carbide-Based Cermet Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.182.
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Thermally sprayed carbide-based cermet coatings are being widely used for a variety of wear resistance applications. These coatings deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique are known to provide improved wear performance. In the present study, WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr carbide-based cermet coatings are deposited by HVOF. The microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of these coatings are compared. The correlation between coating microstructure and the coating wear behavior was investigated. The results indicated that WC-12Co coating has higher microhardness and better abrasive wear resistance in comparison to Cr3C2-25NiCr coating. The two HVOF sprayed carbide-based coatings have different abrasive wear behaviour.
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Rajashekaraiah, Hemanth, Sekar Mohan, Pramoda Kumari Pallathadka, and Suresha Bhimappa. "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomer Composites." Advances in Tribology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/210187.
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Various amounts of short fibers (glass and carbon) and particulate fillers like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicon carbide (SiC), and alumina (Al2O3) were systematically introduced into the thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TCE) matrix for reinforcement purpose. The mechanical properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, and Tanδby dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and three-body abrasive wear performance on a dry sand rubber wheel abrasion tester have been investigated. For abrasive wear study, the experiments were planned according toL27orthogonal array by considering three factors and three levels. The complex moduli for TCE hybrid composites were pushed to a higher level relative to the TCE filled PTFE composite. At lower temperatures (in the glassy region), the storage modulus increases with increase in wt.% of reinforcement (fiber + fillers) and the value is maximum for the composite with 40 wt.% reinforcement. The loss modulus and damping peaks were also found to be higher by the incorporation of SiC and Al2O3microfillers. The routine abrasive wear test results indicated that TCE filled PTFE composite exhibited better abrasion resistance. Improvements in the abrasion resistance, however, have not been achieved by short-fiber and particlaute filler reinforcements. From the Taguchi’s experimental findings, optimal combination of control factors were obtained for minimum wear volume and also predictive correlations were proposed. Further, the worn surface morphology of the samples was discussed.
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Krzyzak, Aneta, Damian Racinowski, Robert Szczepaniak, Mateusz Mucha, and Ewelina Kosicka. "The Impact of Selected Atmospheric Conditions on the Process of Abrasive Wear of CFRP." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 3965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183965.
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The aim of this study was to examine the impact of weathering and thermal shocks on the abrasive wear of epoxy resin composites reinforced with carbon fabric that are commonly used in aviation. The composite was exposed to degradation in an apparatus simulating weathering and thermal shocks and then subjected to an abrasion process, with and without the presence of water. The abrasive wear was controlled by checking the weight loss as well as by visual inspection. The research findings indicated a significant effect of the presence of water in the process of friction upon the deterioration of composite resistance to abrasion with regard to dry friction. The long-term impact of rapid cyclic temperature changes (temperature difference: from −56.5 °C to +60 °C) and a combined effect of UV-A (0.83 W/m2), along with condensation of vapor and an increased ambient temperature (above 50 °C), influenced an improvement in resistance to abrasive wear. The environment of thermal shocks diminished abrasive wear to a much smaller extent than after exploitation in an environment of weathering but both environments contributed to the degradation of the surface layer. Additionally, the environment with UV-A radiation resulted in exposure of the composite reinforcement already after four months of environmental impact.
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Salakhova, R. K., A. B. Tikhoobrazov, D. P. Farafonov, and T. B. Smirnova. "FEATURES OF ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF ABRASIVE-WEAR-RESISTANT NICKEL-BASED COATINGS." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 2 (2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-2-99-110.
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An electrolytic method of deposition of composite abrasive-wear-resistant coatings based on nickel containing microparticles of zirconium dioxide with a dispersion of 120–200 microns in a metal matrix is proposed. A device for the application of a nickel abrasive-wear-resistant coating and a technological process diagram have been developed, which ensures uniform introduction of particles into the coating with the formation of the so-called «abrasive knife». The results of a metallographic study of the structure, micro-х-ray spectral analysis of a nickel matrix and tests of the coating for thermal cyclic resistance and penetration (abrasion of the sealing material) are presented.
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Abrahamson, G. R., E. J. Duwell, and W. J. McDonald. "Wear and Lubrication as Observed on a Lap Table With Loose and Bonded Abrasive Grit." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920613.
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Lapping machines are widely used for the planar grinding of both metals and ceramics. In principle, they resemble the many pin-on-disk machines that have been constructed for tribology studies. However, they generally have the advantage of rugged construction and a wide choice of operating speeds. Most lapping machines are used with loose abrasive grit, but covering the table with a bonded coated abrasive presents no serious problem. In this mode, two-body abrasion can be studied and compared with three-body abrasion using identical speeds and loads. The primary purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of lubricants in such operations.
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Müller, M., and P. Hrabě. "Overlay materials used for increasing lifetime of machine parts working under conditions of intensive abrasion." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 1 (March 6, 2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/64/2011-rae.
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We evaluated a degree of the machine part abrasive wear with secondary focus on their hardness. The paper states laboratory results of overlay systems from their wear resistance point of view. Laboratory experiments were carried out by two-body abrasion on bonded abrasive of a P120 granularity. The results proved an increased abrasive wear resistance of martensitic, ledeburitic and stellitic overlays against eleven different original products. The overlay UTP Ledurit 60 reached the optimum values. The GD-OES (Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy) method proved the different chemical composition of the overlay from the stated chemical composition of the overlaying electrode.
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Aissat, Sahraoui, Mohamed Zaid, and Abdelhamid Sadeddine. "Correlation between hardness and abrasive wear of grinding balls." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020062.
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The grinding ball is manufactured by the Algerian Foundries (ALFET – Tiaret). It is used by the cement industry to transform the rock into fine, used in the cement manufacture. This product undergoes very frequent wear. This wear occurs in various forms (abrasion wear and impact wear) and each has a varying impact on this product life. Abrasion wear is the result of friction between many surfaces (rock, crusher shielding and balls between them), between which a sliding contact occurs, and causes a metal wrenching and a mechanical disintegration of these surfaces. The impact wear is the result of the shock between these surfaces (rock, crusher shielding and balls) and the ball that hits these surfaces from multiple angles, causes their disintegration. Generally, wear resistance improves when hardness increases and a very hard material is more resistant to wear because it less risk to seize in presence of particles abrasive and it opposes their penetration in its surface layer. Wear is estimated, in this work, by the mass loss of the heat-treated balls. A correlation between the hardness and abrasive wear of the balls is established in this work.
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Zhang, Qingzhu, Guobiao Zuo, Qinghui Lai, Jin Tong, and Zhihong Zhang. "EDEM Investigation and Experimental Evaluation of Abrasive Wear Resistance Performance of Bionic Micro-Thorn and Convex Hull Geometrically Coupled Structured Surface." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146655.
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Procambarus clarkii was found to have excellent anti-wear performance against abrasive materials. To improve the wear resistance performance of the soil-engaging component of agricultural machinery, in this study, the micro-thorn and convex hull coupled geometrical structured surfaces inspired from the cephalothorax exoskeleton of the Procambarus clarkii was selected as the bionic prototype. By adopting bionic engineering techniques, three types of novel geometrical structured surfaces were proposed, which were bionic single, double and triple micro-thorn coupled convex hull surfaces (Bionic Type 2, 3 and 4, respectively). The anti-abrasive wear properties of these proposed geometrical surfaces were compared with a conventional bionic convex hull structured surface (Bionic Type 1) and a surface without any structures (smooth). Abrasive wear tests were conducted by using a rotational abrasive wear testing system. The accumulative test time was 80 h and the total wear distance was 6.09 × 105 m. By adopting the EDEM software (discrete element modeling), the Archard Wear model was selected to simulate the wear behavior of five different surfaces. In addition, the wear mechanisms of different surfaces were investigated. The results showed that the smooth surface suffered the most severe abrasive were, the abrasion loss reached 194.1 mg. The anti-abrasive properties of bionic geometric structured non-smooth surfaces were greatly improved; the reduction in terms of abrasion losses ranged between 20.4% and 94.1%, as compared with the smooth surface. The wear resistance property of micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surfaces were greatly improved as compared with convex hull and smooth surface. Bionic Type 3 was found to have the best anti-abrasive wear property: the abrasion loss was 11.5 mg. The wear morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Smooth surface was characterized with wide, large size of grinding debris, while the bionic non-smooth surface featured narrow and small size abrasive dust. The results obtained from EDEM simulation agreed well with those of the aforementioned real scenario tests. It was revealed that the wear areas of the micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surface were mainly concentrated on the edge of convex hull and micro-thorn that faced the coming direction of particle flow. The geometric structure of the convex hull had beneficial effects on changing the movement behavior of particles, which means the stream of particle flow could be altered from a sliding to rolling state. Consequently, the ploughing and cutting phenomena of particles that act on the surfaces were greatly mitigated. Moreover, after being coupled with micro-thorns, the anti-abrasive wear preparty of the bionic convex hull geometrical structured surface was further improved. The rebound angle of particle flow that contacted the bionic micro-thorn coupled convex hull structured surface was greater than that of the conventional convex hull surface. Therefore, the dispersion effect of particle flow was further enhanced, since the movement behavior of the subsequent impact particle flow was altered. As a result, the wear of the bionic non-smooth surface was further reduced. This biconically inspired novel micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surface could provide theatrical and technical references to enhance the wear resistance performance of the soil-engaging component of agricultural machinery and mitigate the problem of abrasive wear failure.
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Bao, Chong Gao, Yi Min Gao, Jian Dong Xing, and Guo Shang Zhang. "Wear Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Ni-WC Composite Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1731.
Full textAbstract:
Seal materials often lose their effectiveness due to the wear of surface under the combined effect of environment and load. In this research, a metallurgical bonding composite coating reinforced with nickel -coated tungsten carbide (Ni -WC) particles was produced on 40Cr carbon steel substrate by plasma sprayed. The bond strength of the coating/substrate interface and the tensile strength of the coating itself reached 260–330 and 100–132MPa, respectively. Effects of Ni and WC contents on the wear behavior of the coating have been systematically investigated at two different wear conditions, namely the high stress pin-on-disk abrasion and three-body abrasive wear. The results show that the higher the Ni content in the coating, the lower the hardness and wear resistance. In stress pin-on-disk abrasive wear, the mass percent of Ni in the coating having the lowest wear amount was 40%, and which was 60% in three-body abrasion. In view of the above, the WC reinforcement of the composite coating plays an important role in protecting the matrix from being worn-out, whereas in the abrasive wear, the wear mechanism is mainly controlled by the scratching and micro-cutting of the matrix followed by the pull out of WC particles due to the scratching action of abrasives. The wear resistance of the 40Cr carbon steel composite coating (Ni -WC) is better than that of the flame overlaid coating.