Academic literature on the topic 'Above ground dry matter (AGDM)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Above ground dry matter (AGDM)"
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Zeleke, Ketema Tilahun. "Evaluating Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Using Field Experiment and Modelling." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030338.
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The potential of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Wedgetail to provide grazing and grain yield under different sowing times, grazing times, and watering regimes, under current and future climate, was investigated using field experiment and simulation modelling. For the field experiment, there were two watering treatments (unirrigated (D) and irrigated (I)) and four simulated grazing treatments (ungrazed, simulated grazed at growth stage (GS) 25, simulated grazed at growth stage (GS) 32, and grazed at both GS 25 and GS 32). These were designated as D0, D1, D2, and D3, respectively, for the unirrigated treatment and I0, I1, I2, and I3, respectively, for the irrigated treatment. It was found that the soil water depletion was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the irrigated/ungrazed treatment than that for the simulated grazed treatment. The crop simulated grazed at GS 25 recovered quicker than the crop grazed at GS 32, especially for the unirrigated treatment. As the sowing time is delayed, above-ground dry matter (AGDM) production decreases. For D2 and D3, the amount of simulated grazed AGDM was 3.46 t ha−1 and 3.55 t ha−1, respectively. For I2 and I3, the amount of simulated grazed AGDM was 4.73 t ha−1 and 4.34 t ha−1, respectively. For D1, simulated grazing increased grain yield by 7%, while for D2 and D3, it increased by 18% and 24%, respectively. For I1, simulated grazing reduced grain yield by 16%, while for I2 and I3, it decreased by 42% and 42%, respectively. Simulation using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) showed that, for winter wheat sown in the second week of March, the maximum AGDM expected one in two years at the ends of May, June, and July is 4.5 t ha−1, 5.8 t ha−1, and 6.8 t ha−1, respectively. If the crop is sown mid-April, these values are 0.8 t ha−1, 2.2 t ha−1, and 4.3 t ha−1, respectively. Yield did not show response to times of sowing from March to early April. The maximum value reached was about 4.5 t ha−1 when sown in the fourth week of March, after which it started decreasing and reached the lowest value of about 4.1 t ha−1 when sown by the end of May. The total above-ground dry matter (AGDM) obtained by grazing earlier during the feasible grazing period and again towards the end of this period was not significantly different from grazing only once towards the end of this period. The simulation results showed that winter wheat Wedgetail flowering date was less sensitive to sowing time and that yield did not show a significant response to times of sowing, with the maximum occurring for the fourth week of March sowing and the lowest for the fourth week of May sowing.
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Borrell, A. K., A. L. Garside, S. Fukai, and D. J. Reid. "Season, nitrogen rate, and plant type affect nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in rice." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97057.
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Studies were undertaken in the Burdekin River Irrigation Area of northern Australia to improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The aim was to maximise grain yield by optimising its functional components: N uptake, efficiency of N use for dry matter production (NUEdm), and harvest index (HI). The effiects of season (wet and dry), N rate (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg/ha), and plant type (maturity and stature) on N uptake, NUEdm, and HI were examined in 2 wet and 2 dry seasons. Leaf area development was closely related to N uptake. In the wet season, genotypes had similar rates of increase in leaf area index (LAI) with N uptake but differed in the level of LAI (curves were parallel). In the dry season, the relationship between N uptake and LAI was different for each genotype (curves not parallel). In both seasons cv. Newbonnet generally had a lower LAI per unit N uptake (i.e. leaf area production was not excessive) than cvv. Lemont and Starbonnet. Dry matter production and grain yield were also closely related to N uptake. At low levels of N availability (N uptake <100 kg/ha) tissue N concentrations were low and both total above-ground dry mass (AGDM) and grain yield were linearly related to N uptake. As N availability increased, N uptake and tissue N concentration increased, resulting in a deviation of the AGDM and grain yield curves from the linear at about 100 kg/haN uptake. This finally resulted in AGDM and grain yield plateauing at around 200 kg/ha N uptake. Above this level some factors other than N availability limited yield. Seasonal differences in N uptake, NUEdm, and HI were observed. Seasonal variation in the response of grain yield to N uptake was found. There was a trend for higher N uptake in the absence of fertiliser application in the wet than the dry season, and the recovery fraction was less for N rates >140 kg/ha in all seasons, i.e. fertiliser N uptake efficiency declined with increasing N rate. Nitrogen was used more effectively by the rice crop to produce grain compared with non-grain parts when average daily mean temperatures were lower during the period between panicle initiation and anthesis. Genotypic variation was found in N uptake, NUEdm, and HI. The ability to capture these components in crop improvement programs depends on the extent to which genetic linkages between N uptake and both NUEdm and HI can be broken. While our data suggest that N uptake is generally negatively correlated with both NUEdm and HI, there is some evidence that these linkages can be broken. For example, the fact that HIdid not change with increasing N uptake in Lemont and, to a lesser extent, in Newbonnet suggests that HI does not always decline with increasing N uptake. The example of Newbonnet suggests that, to some extent, it is possible to increase yield by increasing each of the functional components independently within a specific genotype.
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Njoku, Damian Ndubuisi, and Emmanuel Ukaobasi Mbah. "Assessment of yield components of some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes using multivariate analysis such as path coefficients." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0051.
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AbstractCassava, which is a tropical storage root crop, serves as a veritable source of carbohydrate for people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also an important source of industrial starch, biopolymers, animal feeds and ethanol. However, the genetic improvement of the crop is impeded by dearth in information on its genetic variability. A field experiment was carried out at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (05° 29′ N; 07° 33′ E; 122 m a.s.l.), Nigeria, aimed at assessing the interrelationship between fresh root yield and thirteen quantitative yield-related characters of twenty-eight (28) newly developed cassava genotypes. The rain-fed experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with dual replications in 2016/2017 cropping seasons. The results indicated that the newly developed cassava genotypes [2] NR110315 followed by [20] B1-5 and [1] NR110238 exhibited (P < 0.05) highest fresh root yield among the twenty-eight genotypes tested. The fresh root yield of [2] NR110315 (18.77 Mt ha−1) was relatively higher compared with [18] NR050080, which gave the least root yield of 5.38 Mt ha−1. The correlation coefficients obtained from the associations among the variables were positive and exhibited highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) association, especially between leaf area index (LAI) and root diameter as well as with fresh root yield of cassava. Among the nine variables subjected to the path analysis, LAI, starch content, above ground dry matter (AGDM), weight of fresh marketable roots per plant and root length that contributed positively and directly to higher fresh root yield require greater attention during selection and breeding in cassava studies. The direct effect of the variables indicating their magnitudes in decreasing order showed that LAI exhibited the greatest effect followed by starch content, AGDM, weight of fresh marketable roots plant−1, root length, % cassava bacterial blight incidence and % Cassava mosaic disease incidence, which had the lowest direct effect on root yield of cassava. Cyanide potential exhibited a direct, weak and negative effect on fresh root yield. The results further suggested that cassava improvement could be achieved through these characters that have positive and highly significant magnitude effect on fresh root yield.
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FOULKES, M. J., J. W. SNAPE, V. J. SHEARMAN, M. P. REYNOLDS, O. GAJU, and R. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY. "PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat: recent advances and future prospects." Journal of Agricultural Science 145, no. 1 (January 25, 2007): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859607006740.
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Knowledge of the changes in physiological traits associated with genetic gains in yield potential is essential to improve understanding of yield-limiting factors and to inform future breeding strategies. Recent advances in genetic yield potential and associated physiological changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are reviewed. Genetic gains in yield potential worldwide have been both positively correlated with harvest index (HI) and above-ground dry matter (AGDM), with more frequent reports of yield progress associated with biomass since about 1990. It is concluded that an important aim of future breeding will be the increase of biomass production while maintaining the present values of HI. In winter wheat recent biomass progress has been positively associated with pre-anthesis radiation-use efficiency (RUE) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of stems at anthesis. Present results in two doubled-haploid (DH) populations show a positive linear relationship between stem WSC and grain yield in the UK environment. Results from various investigations worldwide in recent years have demonstrated that biomass increases have been associated with particular introductions of alien genes into wheat germplasm, e.g. the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation and the 7DL.7Ag wheat-Agropyron elongatum translocation. Present results confirm a positive effect of 1BL.1RS on harvest biomass in two DH populations in the UK. The future prospects for identifying physiological traits to raise yield potential are considered with particular reference to winter wheat grown in northwestern Europe. It is proposed that optimized rooting traits, an extended stem-elongation phase, greater RUE, greater stem WSC storage and optimized ear morphology will be important for breeding progress in yield potential in future years.
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Baral, Binaya, Manisha Shrestha, Binod Pokhrel, and Puspa Dulal. "Effect of planting dates and sources of nitrogen on growth and yield of cauliflower at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2020.127.
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Appropriate time of planting and use of suitable sources of nitrogen are highly conducive for better growth and yield of cauliflower. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting dates and sources of nitrogen on growth & yield of cauliflower at horticulture research block of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from 1st Nov 2019 to 4th March 2020 using ‘Snow mystic’, a late season variety of cauliflower. The study was laid out in split-plot design with two dates of planting (Dec 1st & Dec 16th) as main plot factors & four sources of nitrogen viz. 100% biochar (BCH), 100% Urea(U), 50% urea+ 50% Poultry manure (U+PM) & 50% Biochar+ 50% poultry manure (BCH+PM) against a control as sub-plot factors and were replicated thrice with 30 experimental units each of 9 m2 size containing 5 rows with 5 plants per row. The recommended dose of fertilizer used for the research was 108:92:60 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 and P and K were supplied through SSP and MOP. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam with slightly acidic with pH (5.6). The data regarding days to 90% curding, canopy area (cm2), leaf number per plant, above ground dry mater (g m-2) (AGDM), curd size (cm2) and curd weight per plant(g), days to curding to harvesting interval, yield, HI and B:C ratio were recorded and analysed using MS Excel and R studio. Significantly higher number of leaves per plant (16.03), bigger average canopy area (5089.93 cm2), higher AGDM (217.91 g m-2), bigger (1563.03 cm2) and heavier curds (1412.44 g) were recorded in 1st Dec. transplanted cauliflower with significantly higher harvest index (68.20). Regarding the sources of nitrogen, all the above parameters were seen better under BCH+ PM but were statistically at par with other nitrogen sources except control. The 1st Dec. planted crop had 4 more days of curding to harvesting interval than 16th Dec. planted one but the difference was not significant. December 1st planted cauliflower yielded 110% more yield and net returns than 16th Dec. planted crop whereas BCH incurred maximum cost (NRs 322145 ha-1) and U and U+PM were the most profitable in terms of B:C ratio (12.77 and 12.96 respectively).Hence, better crop yield and benefit could be obtained by planting the late season cauliflower (var. Snow mystic) at 1st Dec with the use of 100% urea or U+PM as nitrogen source in plains of Nepal having Chitwan like climate.
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Tesfuhuney, Weldemichael, Muthianzhele Ravuluma, Admire Rukudzo Dzvene, Zaid Bello, Fourie Andries, Sue Walker, and Davide Cammarano. "In-Field Rainwater Harvesting Tillage in Semi-Arid Ecosystems: I Maize–Bean Intercrop Performance and Productivity." Plants 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2023): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173027.
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The purpose of this study was to monitor and compare the growth and productivity of maize/beans sole and inter-cropping systems under conventional (CON) and in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) tillage practices. During the typical drought conditions of the 2018/19 growing season, seven homestead gardens of smallholder farmers (four in Paradys and three in Morago villages) in the Thaba Nchu rural communities of South Africa were selected for on-farm demonstration trials. Two tillage systems CON and IRWH as the main plot and three cropping systems as sub-treatment (sole maize and beans and intercropping) were used to measure crop growth and productivity parameters. The results showed that IRWH tillage had significantly higher above-ground dry matter for both sole maize (29%) and intercropped maize (27%) compared to CON treatments. The grain yield under both tillage systems showed that IRWH-Sole >> IRWH-Ic >> CON-Sole >> CON-Ic, with values ranging from 878.2 kg ha−1 to 618 kg ha−1 (p ≤ 0.05). The low harvest index values (0.21–0.38) could have been due to the effect of the drought during the growing season. The results of precipitation use efficiency (PUE) showed that the IRWH tillage was more effective at converting rainwater into maize biomass and grain yield compared to CON tillage. However, the different cropping systems did not show a consistent trend in PUE. During the growing season, the PUE for AGDM varied for different tillage and cropping system treatments in Morago and Paradys. For maize, it ranged between 10.01–6.07 and 9.93–7.67 kg ha−1, while for beans, it ranged between 7.36–3.95 and 7.07–3.89 kg ha−1 mm−1. The PUE for grain yield showed similar trends with the significantly highest values of PUE under IRWH tillage systems for the Morago sites, but there were no significant differences at the Paradys site in both tillage and cropping systems. There is a critical need, therefore, to devise alternative techniques to promote an increase in smallholders’ productivity based on an improved ability to capture and use resources more efficiently.
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Souza, Henrique A. de, Roberto C. F. F. Pompeu, Rafael G. Tonucci, Francisco E. P. Fernandes, Maria D. M. Araújo, and Luiz F. C. Leite. "Sheep manure fertilization in Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in an Albaquult." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 4 (April 2021): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n4p243-249.
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ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DBH, and AGDW. The sheep manure increased the mean values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, BS, S-SO4 2- and Zn, and reduced the potential acidity in the 0-0.20 m soil layer. The organic matter variable increased up to the dose of 13.70 kg per plant. The accumulation rates of macro and micronutrients in the ‘sabiá’ plants were N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S and Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu, respectively.
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Shawon, Ashifur Rahman, Jonghan Ko, Bokeun Ha, Seungtaek Jeong, Dong Kwan Kim, and Han-Yong Kim. "Assessment of a Proximal Sensing-integrated Crop Model for Simulation of Soybean Growth and Yield." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030410.
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A remote sensing-integrated crop model (RSCM) able to simulate crop growth processes using proximal or remote sensing data was formulated for simulation of soybean through estimating parameters required for modelling. The RSCM-soybean was then evaluated for its capability of simulating leaf area index (LAI), above-ground dry mass (AGDM), and yield, utilising the proximally sensed data integration into the modelling procedure. Field experiments were performed at two sites, one in 2017 and 2018 at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, and the other in 2017 at Jonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Naju, Chonnam province, South Korea. The estimated parameters of radiation use efficiency, light extinction coefficient, and specific leaf area were 1.65 g MJ−1, 0.71, and 0.017 m2 g−1, respectively. Simulated LAI and AGDM values agreed with the measured values with significant model efficiencies in both calibration and validation, meaning that the proximal sensing data were effectively integrated into the crop model. The RSCM reproduced soybean yields in significant agreement with the measured yields in the model assessment. The study results demonstrate that the well-calibrated RSCM-soybean scheme can reproduce soybean growth and yield using simple input requirement and proximal sensing data. RSCM-soybean is easy to use and applicable to various soybean monitoring projects.
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Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo. "Growth duration and above-ground dry-matter partitioning in oats." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72694.
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Duration of vegetative, generative, and grain-filling phases contribute to dry-matter accumulation and partitioning. Fourteen oat (Avena saliva L.) cultivars and six breeding lines were evaluated at the Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki, in 1988-1990. The following observations were made: (1) a short vegetative period accumulated less dry-matter into vegetative plant organs and resulted in higher grain yield and harvest index (HI), (2) a long period for maximum floret initiation yielded more grains per panicle and high panicle weight and (3) a short grain-filling period yielded high rates of panicle and grain filling associated with high HI. Hence, oat breeding and crop management should aim at improving the synchronization of the growth phases as shown in this study.
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Morgun, V. V., G. A. Priadkina, O. O. Stasik, and O. V. Zborіvskaіa. "Biomass as a factor contributing to winter wheat yield increase." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (August 30, 2019): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1113.
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Aim. The search of factors influencing grain productivity, based on the comparison of the mass of dry matter in the aboveground parts of modern winter wheat varieties at the early stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Morphometric determination of biomass of the above-ground plant parts. Results. The varieties and lines of winter wheat with higher yields exceeded the less productive ones by the number of shoots per 1 m2 of soil on 8–12 % and by the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts on 23–34 % at the early stages of spring vegetation. According to two-year experiments, it was established a linear positive correlation (r = 0.85–0.86) of the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts per 1 m2 of soil during the period of stem elongation (BBCH 31-49) with the yield. Conclusions. The close relationship between yield and dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts at the early stages of spring vegetation makes it possible to rank winter wheat varieties by potential yield. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, biomass, early stages of ontogenesis.
Book chapters on the topic "Above ground dry matter (AGDM)"
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Mortensen, A. K., R. Gislum, R. Larsen, and R. N. Jørgensen. "Estimation of above-ground dry matter and nitrogen uptake in catch crops using images acquired from an octocopter." In Precision agriculture '15, 127–34. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-814-8_15.
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