Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Above- and belowground'
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Wilson, Gail T. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis in the tallgrass prairie : above-and belowground linkages /." Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Full textBarberis, Ignacio Martín. "Above- and belowground competition for seedlings in a Panamanian moist forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620174.
Full textJonas, Jayne Louise. "Nutrient resources and stoichiometry affect the ecology of above- and belowground invertebrate consumers." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/404.
Full textHahn, George Eugene III. "Wildland Fire in the Central Appalachian Mountains: Impacts on Above- and Belowground Resources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102606.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
It is well-documented that fire has occurred in forested ecosystems for millennia. In addition to natural ignitions, indigenous peoples used fire for various reasons, such as understory reduction, hunting, and crop cultivation. As European settlers arrived and advanced across North America, they continued to use fire as a tool to shape the landscape to fit their societal needs. The use of fire by humans in North America all but ceased in the early 20th century. Large fire events in the western United States motivated the newly created United States Forest Service to restrict fire from the landscape. The fire exclusion policy of the early 20th century had unintended consequences, such as increased fire risk due to fuel accumulation and a shift from fire-tolerant species, such as oaks and pines, to fire-intolerant species. More recently, the perception of wildland fire has been re-examined due to ecological and societal issues. Although federal and state agencies are burning more acres, the public's wariness towards wildland fire is prevalent. As attitudes about wildland fire have changed, so have the research needs. Information regarding the effects of both wild and prescribed fires on forest ecosystems is needed throughout the United States, including the eastern United States, and more specifically, within the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. This dissertation discusses the effects of both wild and prescribed fires on various forests processes within these regions. In this dissertation, 1) the impacts of prescribed fire on water quality, 2) the responses of forest vegetation to wildfire, and 3) and the effects of prescribed fire on soil nutrients were investigated. Additionally, different timber harvests were studied to determine their long-term effects on potentially hazardous fuel loads. The results indicated that water quality is generally not impacted by low intensity and severity prescribed fires in the eastern United States. It was determined that vegetation often responds vigorously to wildfires, and subsequent species composition varies based on factors such as fire severity, site conditions, time since fire, and overstory species composition. When examining soil nutrients for 14 months following prescribed fires, nutrient changes occurred in both unburned and burned locations. When fuel loads were compared between timber harvests of varying intensities, woody fuels were reduced in the long-term. This reduction may minimize potential wildfire behavior and effects. While both wild and prescribed fires impact forest processes, they generally do so in different ways. This is mainly due to differences in fire behavior between these fire types. Effects of wildfires on water quality, soil chemistry, and vegetation tend to last longer than prescribed fire. Additionally, prescribed fire, when used in conjunction with other forest management activities, may reduce potentially negative wildfire impacts. Monitoring post-fire effects is critical to understanding the best way to use prescribed fire as a forest management tool.
Jonas, Jayne. "Nutrient resources and stoichiometry affect the ecology of above- and belowground invertebrate consumers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/404.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Anthony Joern
Aboveground and belowground food webs are linked by plants, but their reciprocal influences are seldom studied. Because phosphorus (P) is the primary nutrient associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and evidence suggests it may be more limiting than nitrogen (N) for some insect herbivores, assessing carbon (C):N:P stoichiometry will enhance my ability to discern trophic interactions. The objective of this research was to investigate functional linkages between aboveground and belowground invertebrate populations and communities and to identify potential mechanisms regulating these interactions using a C:N:P stoichiometric framework. Specifically, I examine (1) long-term grasshopper community responses to three large-scale drivers of grassland ecosystem dynamics, (2) food selection by the mixed-feeding grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus, (3) the mechanisms for nutrient regulation by M. bivittatus, (4) food selection by fungivorous Collembola, and (5) the effects of C:N:P on invertebrate community composition and aboveground-belowground food web linkages. In my analysis of grasshopper community responses to fire, bison grazing, and weather over 25 years, I found that all three drivers affected grasshopper community dynamics, most likely acting indirectly through effects on plant community structure, composition and nutritional quality. In a field study, the diet of M. bivittatus was dominated by forbs with grasses constituting only a minor fraction of their diet under ambient soil conditions, but grass consumption approximately doubled as a result of changes in grass C:N:P. M. bivittatus was found to rely primarily on selective consumption of foods with varying nutritional quality, rather than compensatory feeding or altering post-ingestive processes, to maintain C:N homeostasis in a laboratory experiment. In a soil-based mesocosm study, I show that Collembola feed on both saprophytic and AM fungi, in some cases exhibiting a slight preference for AM fungi. In the final study, although I did not find the expected indirect relationship between soil Collembola and aboveground herbivory as mediated through host plant quality, there were significant effects of root C:N and AM colonization on Collembola density and of plant C:N on aboveground herbivory. Overall, this research shows that host plant C:N:P stoichiometry can influence both above- and belowground invertebrate population, community, and food web dynamics.
Kafle, Dinesh [Verfasser]. "Plant-mediated interactions between spatially and temporally separated above- and belowground herbivores / Dinesh Kafle." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117028496/34.
Full textParis, Carolina Ivon. "Above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3680.
Full textLasius neglectus visita principalmente árboles aislados donde permanece más meses atendiendo áfidos. Por el contrario, las hormigas nativas no visitaron los árboles según su ubicación (aislado, borde o centro del bosque). Excepto en el caso de la hormiga nativa Lasius grandis, que permaneció más tiempo en los árboles aislados cuando Lasius neglectus no estaba presente en el fragmento. La riqueza de especies nativas de hormigas y su visita a los árboles fue menor en fragmentos de bosque con Lasius neglectus. Crematogaster scutellaris, Temnothorax lichtensteini y Lasius grandis lograron coexistir con la hormiga invasora. La estructura de la comunidad de hormigas nativas en fragmentos con o sin Lasius neglectus mostró un patrón aleatorio.
Entre Mayo y Octubre, en las encinas se encontraron dos especies de áfidos, Hoplocallis picta, ocasionalmente atendido por las hormigas, y Lachnus roborisun un mirmecófilo obligado. En encinas visitadas por la hormiga invasora, se observó que la abundancia de Lachnus roboris tendió a duplicarse, como así también su producción de melaza, porcentaje de colonias atendidas comparado con los resultados obtenidos en encinas visitadas por la hormiga nativa Lasius grandis. Consecuentemente, durante el periodo estudiado la hormiga invasora duplicó su colecta de melaza por encina respecto de la hormiga nativa. Las colonias de Lachnus roboris se ubicaron principalmente sobre las bellotas. Sin embargo, no se detectó ningún efecto en la producción o calidad de bellotas y en la emergencia o calidad de las plántulas.
Ambas especies de hormigas capturaron principalmente Pscópteros y Hoplocallis picta como fuente de proteínas. El porcentaje de obreras que llevaba insectos o trozos de artrópodos entre sus mandíbulas fue superior para Lasius grandis.
La comunidad de artrópodos y el nivel de herbivoría no fueron modificados por la presencia de una u otra especie de hormiga. Sin embargo, en las encinas visitadas por Lasius neglectus las arañas, los curculiónidos y los áfidos tendieron a incrementar su abundancia mientras que las larvas de coccinélidos (predadores de áfidos) disminuyeron marcadamente.
La melaza que no es recogida por las hormigas puede incorporarse al suelo disuelta en el agua de trascolación de la copa como carbono orgánico disuelto (COD). La colecta de melaza de Lasius neglectus disminuyó el COD disuelto en el agua de trascolación de las encinas lo cual indicaría una interrupción del flujo de materia y energía entre la copa de las encinas y el suelo aledaño.
En relación a los efectos subsuperficiales se observó que el contenido de nutrientes en el suelo aledaño a las encinas visitas por Lasius neglectus fue mayor respecto del encontrado en encinas visitadas por hormigas nativas. Asimismo, la comunidad de microorganismos se diferenció según la presencia de hormigas nativas o de la invasora; tendiendo la biomasa microbiana del suelo a ser mayor en el caso de la presencia de Lasius neglectus. Según la localidad estudiada, la calidad de la hojarasca producida fue menor en los árboles visitados por Lasius neglectus. Sin embargo, la descomposición de la hojarasca de encina no fue modificada por la presencia de la hormiga invasora.
Se concluye que la presencia de Lasius neglectus modifica aquellos componentes, superficiales y subsuperficiales, del sistema de la encina que están directa o indirectamente relacionados con la colecta de melaza.
Invasive ants displace native ant species and other arthropods. As a consequence, at the invaded system biological interactions and ecological services provided by native ant species are modified. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest and to compare these effects with those of native ant species, in particular related to Lasius grandis.
Lasius neglectus mainly visited isolated trees where workers remained more months tending aphids and other insects. On the contrary, native ant tree visitation was not related to tree position in the fragments (isolated, edges or core trees). The only exception was the native ant Lasius grandis which remained more months at isolated trees in fragments where Lasius neglectus was not present. Native ant species richness and its tree visitation were lower at fragments where Lasius neglectus was present. Crematogaster scutellaris, Temnothorax lichtensteini y Lasius grandis were able to coexist with the invasive ant specie. Community structure of native ants did not differ from a random pattern with or without Lasius neglectus.
Some effects of the ant presence were investigated in detail at the holm oak (Quercus ilex) since this tree was the most abundant at the studied forest fragments.
Between May and October, two aphid species were found feeding at holm oak canopy: Hoplocallis picta, which was occasionally tended and Lachnus roboris which was the main tended species. At holm oaks visited by the invasive ant, the abundance of Lachnus roboris tended to increase twice, as well as their honeydew production related to results obtained at holm oaks visited by the native ant Lasius grandis. The percentage of tended colonies tended by Lasius neglectus was higher compared to the percentage tended by Lasius grandis. As a consequence, at the studied period, the invasive ant collected two fold of honeydew per tree related to the native ant. At holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus or Lasius grandis colonies of Lachnus roboris fed mainly on acorn petiole or on their cap. However, there was not any difference of acorn production acorn or quality and sapling emergency or quality between these holm oaks.
Both ant species mainly captured Pscoptera and Hoplocallis picta as source of proteins. The percentage of workers carrying insects or pieces of arthropods in its jaws was higher for Lasius grandis.
Arthropod community and herbivory level was not modified due the presence of the invasive or the native ant. However, some particular groups showed differences of its abundance. At holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus, spiders, weevils and aphids tended to increase its abundance while ladybird larvae (aphid predators) decreased markedly.
Honeydew production that was not collected by ants may reach the soil dissolved in throughfall as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Honeydew collection by Lasius neglectus decreased DOC content in throughfall. This result suggests that the invasive ant interrupts the flux of energy and matter between canopy and the soil surrounding holm oaks.
In relation with belowground effects of Lasius neglectus soil nutrient content was higher beneath holm oaks visited by the invasive ant in relation to those trees visited by native ants. Soil microbial community was characterized by the presence of Lasius neglectus and microbial biomass tended to increase beneath holm oaks visited by this invasive ant. Depending on the study site, litter quality was lower at holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus. Litter decomposition was not modified by the presence of the invasive ant.
I conclude that Lasius neglectus presence modifies those below-aboveground components of the holm oak system that are directly or indirectly related to honeydew collection.
Kobiela, Breanna Lyn Paradeis. "Above and Belowground Effects of Nutrient Applications and Mowing Treatments on Restored North Dakota Grasslands." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25187.
Full textNational Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB-9627928)
USDA-NRICGP (93-0051 and 99-00979)
Cope, Colin G. "Understanding above- and belowground interactions within invasion biology: An integrative approach across a forest community." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1528202331073491.
Full textKeith, Aidan Marischal. "Links between above and belowground communities : tree-driven impacts on food webs and ecosystem processes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485397.
Full textÖgren, Amanda. "Is above- and belowground phenology of Eriophorum vaginatum in sync in a peatland underlain by permafrost?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-132877.
Full textJohnson, Brittany Anne. "Acidic deposition effects on above- and belowground wood biomass and nutrient status in a young hardwood forest." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10704.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 119 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Pugliese, Jennie Y. "Above- and Belowground Response to Managing Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) as a Dual-Use Crop for Forage and Grain." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494000853982965.
Full textRubilar, Rafael Alejandro. "Environmental constraints on growth phenology, leaf area display, and above and belowground biomass accumulation of Pinus radiata (D. Don) in Chile." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12062005-135049/.
Full textGessesse, Tigist Araya [Verfasser]. "Above- and belowground carbon stocks in semi-arid land-use systems under integrated watershed management in Gergera watershed, Ethiopia / Tigist Araya Gessesse." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122285841/34.
Full textJones, Thomas Michael. "Integrating above and belowground components of biodiversity across spatial scales : the role of host plants in the distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/17086/.
Full textMüller-Haubold, Hilmar [Verfasser], Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Hertel, Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauck. "Climate response of above- and belowground productivity and allocation in European beech / Hilmar Müller-Haubold. Gutachter: Christoph Leuschner ; Markus Hauck. Betreuer: Dietrich Hertel." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071713604/34.
Full textMahon, Michael B. "Soil litter and soil-dwelling invertebrate response to experimental removal of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1563282959616797.
Full textWeidlich, Emanuela Wehmuth Alves [Verfasser], and Vicky M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Temperton. "Testing theories for ecological restoration: effects of plant-plant interactions and plant order of arrival on assembly and on above- and belowground productivity / Emanuela Wehmuth Alves Weidlich ; Betreuer: Vicky M. Temperton." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154307328/34.
Full textAkgul, Alper. "Performance of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) containerized rooted cuttings and bare-root seedlings established on five planting dates in the flatlands of western Louisiana." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2230.
Full textWalbert, Katrin. "Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with a Pinus radiata plantation in the North Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/658.
Full textLin, Yue. "The role of different modes of interactions among neighbouring plants in driving population dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105119.
Full textPayne, Michelle Jennifer. "Above- and belowground competition in Savanna systems." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10749.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.
Hsieh, Chia, and 謝嘉. "Above-belowground interactions on soil ecosystem functioning in Taipei urban parks." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/378m6x.
Full text國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
105
Soil ecosystem functions in urban green infrastructures (GIs) could help mitigate the impact of human activities on soil biodiversity and biochemical cycle in urban ecosystems. However, plant-soil interactions on soil ecosystem processes in GIs, especially urban parks, are unclear. In this study, the above-belowground properties and soil dissolved organic matter (SDOM) properties of two habitat types, namely tree with grass (TG) and grass (G), from three subtropical urban parks in Taipei City were investigated from December 2015 to January 2017. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize SDOM. The differences between the above-belowground properties in TG and those in G were investigated. The relationships between SDOM properties and soil microbial extracellular enzyme activities were also analyzed. With identical litter removal, grass clipping intensities, and similar recreational activities intensities, there were no significant differences in plant compositions, the physicochemical properties of surface soils (0-10 cm), and soil food web compositions. Between two habitat types, ground arthropod compositions were not significantly different. In addition, G had higher soil water content, soil microbial extracellular hydrolases activities, decomposed humic acid-like substances in SDOM, nutrients levels, and SOM content than TG did. Furthermore, the former four parameters had strong positive correlations with each other. The results of this study suggest the formation of soil food web and the rate soil ecosystem processes could correspond to vegetation planting under different land use histories in the field. With the woody litter removal, ground grass cover becomes an important factor in the composition of ground habitat structure, soil organic resources input, and the soil water retention in two habitat types. Between two habitat types, the comparable composition of grass plants could form similar soil food web compositions in two habitat types, and the rates of decomposition and mineralization could be majorly induced by soil water content. From this study, if we want to promote the soil biodiversity or the soil organic matter content by plant planning and management in GIs, the effect of plant diversity and management intensity on soil ecosystem functioning should be further investigated.
Müller-Haubold, Hilmar. "Climate response of above- and belowground productivity and allocation in European beech." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5FFB-6.
Full textBiederman, Lori Ann. "Directing ecological restoration: impact of organic amendments on above- and belowground ecosystem characteristics." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1371.
Full textBlue, Jarrod Dwayne. "Soil nitrogen amendments and insect herbivory alter above-and belowground plant biomass in an old-field ecosystem." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/688.
Full textHorrigan, Emma J. "The Impact of Lesser Snow Goose Herbivory on Above and Belowground Nutrient Dynamics in Two Sub-Arctic Ecosystems." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24580.
Full textValenzuela-Estrada, Luis Rene Eissenstat David M. "Above- and belowground physiology in Vaccinium corymbosum L. (northern highbush blueberry) in response to water stress and reproductive effort." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2853/index.html.
Full textRubilar, Pons Rafael. "Environmental constraints on growth phenology, leaf area display, and above and belowground biomass accumulation of Pinus radiata (D. Don) in Chile." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12062005-135049/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full text"Nematode Herbivory as a Mechanism Behind the Influence of Precipitation on the Partitioning of Net Primary Production between Above and Belowground Components." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49279.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2018
Kotowska, Martyna Małgorzata. "Carbon pools and sequestration in vegetation, litter dynamics and hydraulic anatomic properties in rainforest transformation systems in Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-863B-9.
Full textMaheux, Lydia. "Impact de Heterodera glycines sur la réaction de défense du soya (Glycine max) et influence sur la gestion de Aphis glycines dans un contexte climatique actuel et futur." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21318.
Full textLin, Yue. "The role of different modes of interactions among neighbouring plants in driving population dynamics." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26569.
Full text