Relevant bibliographies by topics / Above- and belowground

Academic literature on the topic 'Above- and belowground'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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Bennett, Alison. "Pushing boundaries in above-belowground interactions." Functional Ecology 26, no. 2 (March 27, 2012): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01957.x.

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Ramirez, Kelly S., Stefan Geisen, Elly Morriën, Basten L. Snoek, and Wim H. van der Putten. "Network Analyses Can Advance Above-Belowground Ecology." Trends in Plant Science 23, no. 9 (September 2018): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.009.

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Stone, Martin J., Harry T. Cralle, James M. Chandler, Travis D. Miller, Rodney W. Bovey, and Katherine H. Carson. "Above- and belowground interference of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)." Weed Science 46, no. 4 (August 1998): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450009086x.

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Greenhouse experiments in central Texas assessed the relative importance of above- and belowground interactions of semidwarf Mit wheat and Marshall ryegrass during vegetative growth. One experiment used partitions to compare the effect of no (controls), aboveground only, belowground only, and full interaction for 75 d after planting (DAP) one wheat and nine ryegrass plants in soil volumes of 90, 950, and 3,800 ml. The results with the different soil volumes were similar. Wheat growth in the aboveground interaction only did not differ from controls. However, the full or belowground only interaction of wheat with ryegrass reduced wheat height, leaf number, tillering, leaf area, percent total nonstructural carbohydrates in shoot, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots 45 and 75 DAP compared to controls. Wheat in full and belowground interaction only did not differ from one another in growth. A replacement series experiment of 56 d also showed that the competitive advantage of ryegrass was relatively greater in root than in shoot growth. No allelopathic response of wheat to ryegrass occurred. While the tallness of the semidwarf wheat minimized aboveground interference by ryegrass, the root growth of the thinner and more fibrous roots of ryegrass greatly enhanced its belowground competitiveness.
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Cheng, J., G. L. Wu, L. P. Zhao, Y. Li, W. Li, and J. M. Cheng. "Cumulative effects of 20-year exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground biomass of typical steppe communities in arid areas of the Loess Plateau, China." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 1 (January 14, 2011): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/153/2010-pse.

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Overgrazing affects typical steppe community in ways similar to grasslands in other areas. Exclusion of livestock grazing is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. However, it is not known if long-term exclusion of livestock grazing has positive effect on above- and belowground community properties in typical steppe of the Loess Plateau. We studied the long-term (20-year) cumulative effects of exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground community properties compared with that before exclusion of livestock grazing in a typical steppe of the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results show that twenty-year exclusion of livestock grazing significantly increased above- and belowground biomass, species richness, cover and height for five different communities. Most of belowground biomass was in the 0–20 cm horizon and grazing exclusion increased biomass especially at the depth of 0–10 cm. Our study suggests that long-term exclusion of livestock grazing can greatly improve community properties of typical steppe in the Loess Plateau.  
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Ye, X. H., X. Pan, W. K. Cornwell, S. Q. Gao, M. Dong, and J. H. C. Cornelissen. "Divergence of above- and belowground C and N pool within predominant plant species along two precipitation gradients in north China." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2014): 14173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-14173-2014.

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Abstract. The coupling of carbon cycle and nutrient cycle drives food web structure and biogeochemistry of an ecosystem. However, across precipitation gradients, there may be a shift in C pool and N pool from above- to belowground because of shifting plant stoichiometry and allocation. Based on previous evidence, biomass allocation to roots should increase with aridity, while leaf [N] should increase. If their effect sizes are equal, they should cancel each other out, and the above- and belowground proportions of the N would remain constant. Here, we present the first study to explicitly compare above- and belowground pool sizes of N and C within predominant plant species along precipitation gradients. Biomass and nutrient concentrations of leaves, stems and roots of three predominant species were measured along two major precipitation gradients in Inner Mongolia, China. Along the two gradients, the effect sizes of the biomass shifts were remarkably consistent among three predominant species. However, the size of the shift in aboveground [N] was not, leading to a species-specific pattern in above- and belowground pool size. In two species (Stipa grandis and Artemisia ordosica) the effect sizes of biomass allocation and [N] were equal and the proportion of N of above- and belowground did not change with aridity, but in S. bungeana the increase in leaf [N] with aridity was much weaker than the biomass shift, leading to a decrease in the proportion of N belowground at dry sites. We have found examples of consistent N pool sizes above- and belowground and a shift to a greater proportion of belowground N in drier sites depending on the species. We suggest that precipitation gradients do potentially decouple the C and N pool, but the exact nature of the decoupling depends on the dominant species' capacity for intraspecific variation.
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Yang, Yuanhe, Jingyun Fang, Chengjun Ji, and Wenxuan Han. "Above- and belowground biomass allocation in Tibetan grasslands." Journal of Vegetation Science 20, no. 1 (February 2009): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05566.x.

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Lyons, Caitlyn L., and Zoë Lindo. "Above- and belowground community linkages in boreal peatlands." Plant Ecology 221, no. 7 (May 20, 2020): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01037-w.

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Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Lutz Fehrmann, Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares, Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine, Christoph Kleinn, and Ricardo de Oliveira Gaspar. "Above- and belowground biomass in a Brazilian Cerrado." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 3 (August 2011): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.017.

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Wurst, Susanne. "Effects of earthworms on above- and belowground herbivores." Applied Soil Ecology 45, no. 3 (July 2010): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.04.005.

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Wang, Jin-Wang, Dan Yu, Wen Xiong, and Yu-Qin Han. "Above- and belowground competition between two submersed macrophytes." Hydrobiologia 607, no. 1 (March 28, 2008): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9371-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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Wilson, Gail T. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis in the tallgrass prairie : above-and belowground linkages /." Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Barberis, Ignacio Martín. "Above- and belowground competition for seedlings in a Panamanian moist forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620174.

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Jonas, Jayne Louise. "Nutrient resources and stoichiometry affect the ecology of above- and belowground invertebrate consumers." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/404.

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Hahn, George Eugene III. "Wildland Fire in the Central Appalachian Mountains: Impacts on Above- and Belowground Resources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102606.

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Prescribed fire use in Virginia and West Virginia has increased over the past ten years as forest managers on public lands have increasingly used prescribed fire to meet management goals. These goals include hazardous fuel reduction, wildlife habitat restoration and management, and control of less desired vegetation. Research is needed to better understand the effects of wildland fire on forest ecosystems. In this study, we addressed wildland fire's effects on water, vegetation, and soil resources in the central Appalachian Region. Moreover, the long-term efficacy of various types of timber harvests on forest fuel reduction was analyzed. Over fifty peer-reviewed articles were evaluated to characterize the effects of prescribed fire on physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters throughout the eastern United States. It was determined that fires of low to moderate intensity and severity may cause short-term sediment and nutrient increases in nearby waterbodies, but these effects often dissipate within 2-3 years. Effects on biological organisms are more transient, frequently lasting from a few weeks to a few months. Regeneration following wildfires at three sites in Virginia and West Virginia varied due to fire behavior and time since fire. Preferred and undesired species responded differently at each site. Follow-up treatments and continued monitoring are needed to obtain desired vegetative compositions post-fire. Two dormant season prescribed fires on the Fishburn Forest near Blacksburg, Virginia were studied for mineral soil chemistry effects. Both treatment and time affected macronutrient levels, but no differences were present 6 and 14 months post-fire between burned and unburned locations. Forest fuels were quantified approximately 20 years following different silvicultural harvests on the George Washington-Jefferson National Forest. Fuels of different size classes responded differently to different harvests as fine fuels were reduced by the high-leave shelterwood treatment, and coarse woody fuels were reduced by the clearcut and low-leave shelterwood treatments. Overall, low intensity and low severity fires induce minimal, potentially negative changes in water and soil quality. In contrast, wildfires of high intensity and severity may potentially contribute to changes in species composition and forest floor properties. Furthermore, varying levels of overstory removal may reduce extreme wildfire risk for decades. The findings of this study reinforce the need for continued research and monitoring of both wildfire effects and prescribed fire use in the central Appalachian Region.
Doctor of Philosophy
It is well-documented that fire has occurred in forested ecosystems for millennia. In addition to natural ignitions, indigenous peoples used fire for various reasons, such as understory reduction, hunting, and crop cultivation. As European settlers arrived and advanced across North America, they continued to use fire as a tool to shape the landscape to fit their societal needs. The use of fire by humans in North America all but ceased in the early 20th century. Large fire events in the western United States motivated the newly created United States Forest Service to restrict fire from the landscape. The fire exclusion policy of the early 20th century had unintended consequences, such as increased fire risk due to fuel accumulation and a shift from fire-tolerant species, such as oaks and pines, to fire-intolerant species. More recently, the perception of wildland fire has been re-examined due to ecological and societal issues. Although federal and state agencies are burning more acres, the public's wariness towards wildland fire is prevalent. As attitudes about wildland fire have changed, so have the research needs. Information regarding the effects of both wild and prescribed fires on forest ecosystems is needed throughout the United States, including the eastern United States, and more specifically, within the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. This dissertation discusses the effects of both wild and prescribed fires on various forests processes within these regions. In this dissertation, 1) the impacts of prescribed fire on water quality, 2) the responses of forest vegetation to wildfire, and 3) and the effects of prescribed fire on soil nutrients were investigated. Additionally, different timber harvests were studied to determine their long-term effects on potentially hazardous fuel loads. The results indicated that water quality is generally not impacted by low intensity and severity prescribed fires in the eastern United States. It was determined that vegetation often responds vigorously to wildfires, and subsequent species composition varies based on factors such as fire severity, site conditions, time since fire, and overstory species composition. When examining soil nutrients for 14 months following prescribed fires, nutrient changes occurred in both unburned and burned locations. When fuel loads were compared between timber harvests of varying intensities, woody fuels were reduced in the long-term. This reduction may minimize potential wildfire behavior and effects. While both wild and prescribed fires impact forest processes, they generally do so in different ways. This is mainly due to differences in fire behavior between these fire types. Effects of wildfires on water quality, soil chemistry, and vegetation tend to last longer than prescribed fire. Additionally, prescribed fire, when used in conjunction with other forest management activities, may reduce potentially negative wildfire impacts. Monitoring post-fire effects is critical to understanding the best way to use prescribed fire as a forest management tool.
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Jonas, Jayne. "Nutrient resources and stoichiometry affect the ecology of above- and belowground invertebrate consumers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/404.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biology
Anthony Joern
Aboveground and belowground food webs are linked by plants, but their reciprocal influences are seldom studied. Because phosphorus (P) is the primary nutrient associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and evidence suggests it may be more limiting than nitrogen (N) for some insect herbivores, assessing carbon (C):N:P stoichiometry will enhance my ability to discern trophic interactions. The objective of this research was to investigate functional linkages between aboveground and belowground invertebrate populations and communities and to identify potential mechanisms regulating these interactions using a C:N:P stoichiometric framework. Specifically, I examine (1) long-term grasshopper community responses to three large-scale drivers of grassland ecosystem dynamics, (2) food selection by the mixed-feeding grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus, (3) the mechanisms for nutrient regulation by M. bivittatus, (4) food selection by fungivorous Collembola, and (5) the effects of C:N:P on invertebrate community composition and aboveground-belowground food web linkages. In my analysis of grasshopper community responses to fire, bison grazing, and weather over 25 years, I found that all three drivers affected grasshopper community dynamics, most likely acting indirectly through effects on plant community structure, composition and nutritional quality. In a field study, the diet of M. bivittatus was dominated by forbs with grasses constituting only a minor fraction of their diet under ambient soil conditions, but grass consumption approximately doubled as a result of changes in grass C:N:P. M. bivittatus was found to rely primarily on selective consumption of foods with varying nutritional quality, rather than compensatory feeding or altering post-ingestive processes, to maintain C:N homeostasis in a laboratory experiment. In a soil-based mesocosm study, I show that Collembola feed on both saprophytic and AM fungi, in some cases exhibiting a slight preference for AM fungi. In the final study, although I did not find the expected indirect relationship between soil Collembola and aboveground herbivory as mediated through host plant quality, there were significant effects of root C:N and AM colonization on Collembola density and of plant C:N on aboveground herbivory. Overall, this research shows that host plant C:N:P stoichiometry can influence both above- and belowground invertebrate population, community, and food web dynamics.
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Kafle, Dinesh [Verfasser]. "Plant-mediated interactions between spatially and temporally separated above- and belowground herbivores / Dinesh Kafle." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117028496/34.

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Paris, Carolina Ivon. "Above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3680.

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Las hormigas invasoras desplazan a las especies de hormigas nativas y otros artrópodos. Como consecuencia, las interacciones biológicas del sistema invadido y los servicios ecológicos prestados por las especies nativas son modificados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar los efectos de la hormiga invasora Lasius neglectus sobre algunos de los componentes superficiales y subsuperficiales de un encinar urbano y compararlos con los efectos de las hormigas nativas, en particular con Lasius grandis.
Lasius neglectus visita principalmente árboles aislados donde permanece más meses atendiendo áfidos. Por el contrario, las hormigas nativas no visitaron los árboles según su ubicación (aislado, borde o centro del bosque). Excepto en el caso de la hormiga nativa Lasius grandis, que permaneció más tiempo en los árboles aislados cuando Lasius neglectus no estaba presente en el fragmento. La riqueza de especies nativas de hormigas y su visita a los árboles fue menor en fragmentos de bosque con Lasius neglectus. Crematogaster scutellaris, Temnothorax lichtensteini y Lasius grandis lograron coexistir con la hormiga invasora. La estructura de la comunidad de hormigas nativas en fragmentos con o sin Lasius neglectus mostró un patrón aleatorio.
Entre Mayo y Octubre, en las encinas se encontraron dos especies de áfidos, Hoplocallis picta, ocasionalmente atendido por las hormigas, y Lachnus roborisun un mirmecófilo obligado. En encinas visitadas por la hormiga invasora, se observó que la abundancia de Lachnus roboris tendió a duplicarse, como así también su producción de melaza, porcentaje de colonias atendidas comparado con los resultados obtenidos en encinas visitadas por la hormiga nativa Lasius grandis. Consecuentemente, durante el periodo estudiado la hormiga invasora duplicó su colecta de melaza por encina respecto de la hormiga nativa. Las colonias de Lachnus roboris se ubicaron principalmente sobre las bellotas. Sin embargo, no se detectó ningún efecto en la producción o calidad de bellotas y en la emergencia o calidad de las plántulas.
Ambas especies de hormigas capturaron principalmente Pscópteros y Hoplocallis picta como fuente de proteínas. El porcentaje de obreras que llevaba insectos o trozos de artrópodos entre sus mandíbulas fue superior para Lasius grandis.
La comunidad de artrópodos y el nivel de herbivoría no fueron modificados por la presencia de una u otra especie de hormiga. Sin embargo, en las encinas visitadas por Lasius neglectus las arañas, los curculiónidos y los áfidos tendieron a incrementar su abundancia mientras que las larvas de coccinélidos (predadores de áfidos) disminuyeron marcadamente.
La melaza que no es recogida por las hormigas puede incorporarse al suelo disuelta en el agua de trascolación de la copa como carbono orgánico disuelto (COD). La colecta de melaza de Lasius neglectus disminuyó el COD disuelto en el agua de trascolación de las encinas lo cual indicaría una interrupción del flujo de materia y energía entre la copa de las encinas y el suelo aledaño.
En relación a los efectos subsuperficiales se observó que el contenido de nutrientes en el suelo aledaño a las encinas visitas por Lasius neglectus fue mayor respecto del encontrado en encinas visitadas por hormigas nativas. Asimismo, la comunidad de microorganismos se diferenció según la presencia de hormigas nativas o de la invasora; tendiendo la biomasa microbiana del suelo a ser mayor en el caso de la presencia de Lasius neglectus. Según la localidad estudiada, la calidad de la hojarasca producida fue menor en los árboles visitados por Lasius neglectus. Sin embargo, la descomposición de la hojarasca de encina no fue modificada por la presencia de la hormiga invasora.
Se concluye que la presencia de Lasius neglectus modifica aquellos componentes, superficiales y subsuperficiales, del sistema de la encina que están directa o indirectamente relacionados con la colecta de melaza.
Invasive ants displace native ant species and other arthropods. As a consequence, at the invaded system biological interactions and ecological services provided by native ant species are modified. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest and to compare these effects with those of native ant species, in particular related to Lasius grandis.
Lasius neglectus mainly visited isolated trees where workers remained more months tending aphids and other insects. On the contrary, native ant tree visitation was not related to tree position in the fragments (isolated, edges or core trees). The only exception was the native ant Lasius grandis which remained more months at isolated trees in fragments where Lasius neglectus was not present. Native ant species richness and its tree visitation were lower at fragments where Lasius neglectus was present. Crematogaster scutellaris, Temnothorax lichtensteini y Lasius grandis were able to coexist with the invasive ant specie. Community structure of native ants did not differ from a random pattern with or without Lasius neglectus.
Some effects of the ant presence were investigated in detail at the holm oak (Quercus ilex) since this tree was the most abundant at the studied forest fragments.
Between May and October, two aphid species were found feeding at holm oak canopy: Hoplocallis picta, which was occasionally tended and Lachnus roboris which was the main tended species. At holm oaks visited by the invasive ant, the abundance of Lachnus roboris tended to increase twice, as well as their honeydew production related to results obtained at holm oaks visited by the native ant Lasius grandis. The percentage of tended colonies tended by Lasius neglectus was higher compared to the percentage tended by Lasius grandis. As a consequence, at the studied period, the invasive ant collected two fold of honeydew per tree related to the native ant. At holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus or Lasius grandis colonies of Lachnus roboris fed mainly on acorn petiole or on their cap. However, there was not any difference of acorn production acorn or quality and sapling emergency or quality between these holm oaks.
Both ant species mainly captured Pscoptera and Hoplocallis picta as source of proteins. The percentage of workers carrying insects or pieces of arthropods in its jaws was higher for Lasius grandis.
Arthropod community and herbivory level was not modified due the presence of the invasive or the native ant. However, some particular groups showed differences of its abundance. At holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus, spiders, weevils and aphids tended to increase its abundance while ladybird larvae (aphid predators) decreased markedly.
Honeydew production that was not collected by ants may reach the soil dissolved in throughfall as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Honeydew collection by Lasius neglectus decreased DOC content in throughfall. This result suggests that the invasive ant interrupts the flux of energy and matter between canopy and the soil surrounding holm oaks.
In relation with belowground effects of Lasius neglectus soil nutrient content was higher beneath holm oaks visited by the invasive ant in relation to those trees visited by native ants. Soil microbial community was characterized by the presence of Lasius neglectus and microbial biomass tended to increase beneath holm oaks visited by this invasive ant. Depending on the study site, litter quality was lower at holm oaks visited by Lasius neglectus. Litter decomposition was not modified by the presence of the invasive ant.
I conclude that Lasius neglectus presence modifies those below-aboveground components of the holm oak system that are directly or indirectly related to honeydew collection.
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Kobiela, Breanna Lyn Paradeis. "Above and Belowground Effects of Nutrient Applications and Mowing Treatments on Restored North Dakota Grasslands." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25187.

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Although more than half of the annual production within North American grasslands occurs beneath the soil surface, this portion is oftentimes overlooked in ecological studies. In this study, we investigated the above- and belowground responses in restored grassland plots that were subjected to different nutrient and mowing treatments. This study was conducted at two locations in North Dakota: the Dickinson Research Extension Center (DREC); and the Albert K. Ekre Grassland Preserve (Ekre). We evaluated the above- and belowground responses using visual surveys, biomass harvesting, and minirhizotrons. At the DREC site, we found the belowground variables to be relatively unresponsive to the nutrient and mowing treatments ? there were no significant differences in root length, surface area, number of tips, or branches. The aboveground variables did exhibit responses to repeated nitrogen applications (200 kg/ha?yr). Nitrogen applications were found to increase aboveground biomass over the control (660 g/m2 vs. 265 g/m2, respectively) and decrease the species richness in comparison to the control (3.25 vs. 7.29, respectively). There was a decrease in the ratio of root volume to average aboveground biomass in the DREC nitrogen plots that resulted from the increase in aboveground biomass despite no apparent changes in the root systems, indicating that the root systems in the nitrogen plots were able to support significantly more aboveground biomass than similarly sized root systems in plots that did not receive nitrogen. At the Ekre site, there were no significant differences in the belowground variables attributed to mowing. However, aboveground biomass was higher in the mowed sub-plots (xM=530 g/m2) than in the control sub-plots (xC=485 g/m2). Species richness was lower in the nitrogen (xN=4.46) than in the phosphorus plots (xP=5.66). Species richness was also lower in the plots that received the high application rates (200 kg/ha?yr nitrogen or 40 kg/ha?yr phosphorus) (xH=4.30) than the low application rates (20 kg/ha?yr nitrogen or 4 kg/ha?yr phosphorus) (xL=5.90). Root growth was highest in the low phosphorus and the high nitrogen plots. There were different responses in the root variables throughout the growing season as a function of nutrient type and application rate.
National Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB-9627928)
USDA-NRICGP (93-0051 and 99-00979)
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Cope, Colin G. "Understanding above- and belowground interactions within invasion biology: An integrative approach across a forest community." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1528202331073491.

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Keith, Aidan Marischal. "Links between above and belowground communities : tree-driven impacts on food webs and ecosystem processes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485397.

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Examining mechanistic links between above and belowground communities IS important to understand how land-use change may influence belowground food webs and ecosystem processes. Native woodland expansion is encouraged by conservation policy in the United Kingdom, but consequences of tree regeneration for belowground communities are poorly understood. This thesis examined mechanisms by which the plant community may control nematode community structure, and decomposition. In a correlative field study, changes in plant community structure were related to changes in nematode abundance, trophiq''structure and diversity, indicating treedriven impacts on litter inputs may determine belowground community structure. Increased nematode abundance and prevalence of higher trophic levels (Le. predators) were associated with more productive plant communities, and nematode diversity was positively related to plant diversity. A manipulative field experiment established that plant litter diversity generally had limited effects on the decomposer system, while plant litter identity had strong effects on decomposition, microbial biomas~ and the abundance of different nematode trophic groups. Collectively, these data demonstrate that plant species composition is more important than plant species diversity in determining belowground community structure and ecosystem processes. A mesocosm experiment tested the relative importance of above and belowground tree inputs on belowground community structure and decomposition. Litter addition, even at unnaturally high levels, had limited effects on the soil nematode community, whereas the presence of tree roots markedly altered nematode abundance and trophic structure, and microbial biomass. Changes in nematode community structure, particularly increases in predatory nematode abundance, in the presence of roots, indicate that belowground tree inputs may be more important than aboveground litter inputs in determining soil food web structure and complexity. This thesis established that trees can have a considerable impact on belowground community structure and ecosystem processes by controlling detrital inputs, both directly, and indirectly via changes in plant community composition. Consequently, it has demonstrated how land-use change may influence the belowground system, and thus improved our understanding of mechanisms by which above and belowground communities are linked.
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Books on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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1941-, Caldwell Martyn M., and Pearcy R. W. 1941-, eds. Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants: Ecophysiological processes above- and belowground. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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M, Caldwell Martyn, and Pearcy R. W. 1941-, eds. Exploitation of environmental heterogenity by plants: Ecophysiological processes above- and belowground. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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Huang, Wei, Evan Siemann, and Jianqing Ding. "Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Above- and Belowground Herbivores and Invasive Plants." In Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology, 271–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91614-9_12.

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Kergunteuil, Alan, Moe Bakhtiari, and Sergio Rasmann. "Eco-evolutionary Factors Driving Plant-Mediated Above–Belowground Invertebrate Interactions Along Elevation Gradients." In Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology, 223–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91614-9_10.

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Bennett, Alison E., Peter Orrell, Antonino Malacrino, and Maria José Pozo. "Fungal-Mediated Above–Belowground Interactions: The Community Approach, Stability, Evolution, Mechanisms, and Applications." In Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology, 85–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91614-9_5.

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Toledo-Aceves, Tarin. "Above- and belowground competition between lianas and trees." In Ecology of Lianas, 147–63. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392409.ch12.

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Reverchon, Frédérique, and Alfonso Méndez-Bravo. "Plant-Mediated Above- Belowground Interactions: A Phytobiome Story." In Plant-Animal Interactions, 205–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66877-8_8.

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Bagchi, Sumanta. "Do Large Herbivores Influence Plant Allocation to Above- and Belowground Compartments?" In Ecological Studies, 177–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7570-0_7.

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Curtis, Peter S., Donald R. Zak, Kurt S. Pregitzer, and James A. Teeri. "Above- and belowground response of Populus grandidentata to elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil N availability." In Belowground Responses to Rising Atmospheric CO2: Implications for Plants, Soil Biota, and Ecosystem Processes, 45–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0851-7_5.

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Owensby, Clenton E. "Potential Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Above- and Belowground Litter Quality of a Tallgrass Prairie." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:, 413–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_28.

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Curtis, Peter S., Donald R. Zak, Kurt S. Pregitzer, John Lussenhop, and James A. Teeri. "Linking Above- and Belowground Responses to Rising CO2 in Northern Deciduous Forest Species." In Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems, 41–51. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012505295-5/50004-5.

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Vogt, K. A., C. C. Grier, and D. J. Vogt. "Production, Turnover, and Nutrient Dynamics of Above- and Belowground Detritus of World Forests." In Advances in Ecological Research, 303–77. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60122-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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Barbier, Charlotte, Paul J. Hanson, Donald E. Todd, Damen Belcher, Eriks W. Jekabson, Warren K. Thomas, and Jeffery S. Riggs. "Air Flow and Heat Transfer in a Temperature-Controlled Open Top Enclosure." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86352.

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A large 12-meter-diameter open top enclosure (OTE) equipped with two unique belowground and above ground heating systems was built and intensively tested in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. The OTE is a prototype for use within an environmental change experiment, in which replica units will be built in Minnesota to assess the response of northern peatland ecosystems to increases in temperature and elevated atmospheric CO2. For several months, temperatures, energy, wind speed and relative humidity were monitored throughout the enclosure space to assess the enclosure performance and efficiency. In parallel, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed with ANSYS-CFX to investigate the impacts of external wind, buoyancy, and OTE design on the temperatures achieved within the enclosure. The addition of a frustum that partially reduced the top opening was also investigated experimentally and numerically. The OTE is capable of achieving a temperature differential of at least +6°C for air using a combination of 8 electrical heaters. Differential temperatures were sustained for several months. The experimental data and the numerical results showed that the addition of a frustum dramatically decreases the operating cost of the OTE and leads to better control over the differential air temperature in the enclosure. Buoyancy forces and winds heavily impacted enclosure performance. It was also found that the heating efficiency of the OTE depends mainly on the wind speed, and that there exists a critical wind speed at which the heating efficiency is the highest.
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Reports on the topic "Above- and belowground"

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Trowbridge, Amy Marie, Richard Phillips, and Paul Christopher Stoy. Above and belowground connections and species interactions: Controls over ecosystem fluxes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1333888.

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Bryant, Duncan, Mary Bryant, Jeremy Sharp, Gary Bell, and Christine Moore. The Response of Vegetated Dunes to Wave Attack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41580.

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Vegetation is believed to increase the stability of dunes during wave attack, but limited data is available. A physical model study was performed to evaluate changes in the dune stability with and without biomass, both above and belowground. The above and belowground biomass was modeled using wooden dowels and coir fibers, respectively. For both the collision and overwash storm impact regimes, the results of this study clearly demonstrate that the inclusion of biomass in the model dune reduces the erosion and overwash. The combination of both above and belowground biomass was the most effective at reducing erosion followed by belowground biomass, with aboveground biomass providing the smallest benefit regardless of the wave condition and water level. Additionally, the overwash of sediment and water was decreased with the inclusion of biomass, following the same trends as the erosion. As the dune eroded, the storm impact regime transitioned from collision to overwash. The inclusion of biomass delays this transition in storm impact regime, providing greater protection to coastal communities. This study highlights the need to consider dune vegetation for dune construction and coastal planning.
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Topa, M. A., D. A. Weinstein, and W. A. Retzlaff. Assessing the Significance of Above- and Belowground Carbon Allocation of Fast- and Slow-Growing Families of Loblolly Pine - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/783597.

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