Academic literature on the topic 'Aborto spontaneo'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Cinque, B., M. Pelagalli, S. Daini, S. Dell'Acqua, and A. G. Spagnolo. "Aborto ripetuto spontaneo. Aspetti scientifici e obbligazioni morali." Medicina e Morale 41, no. 5 (October 31, 1992): 889–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1992.1090.
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Sebbene la letteratura sulla moralità dell'aborto sia abbastanza ampia il dibattito si riferisce quasi sempre all'aborto provocato. Poco si discute invece sulla rilevanza morale dell'aborto spontaneo, cioè dell'interrompersi della gravidanza indipendentemente dalla volontà della donna o dal fatto che ella sappia di essere gravida. Gli autori presentano dapprima una breve sintesi di ordine scientifico sull'aborto ripetuto spontaneo, considerando la sua incidenza le cause e il trattamento. In particolare essi presentano l'esperienza nella Divisione di Ginecologia disfunzionale dell'Università Cattolica di Roma nella quale alcuni di essi lavorano. Successivamente essi discutono ampiamente il significato morale dell'aborto spontaneo esaminandolo alla luce delle due principali e contrapposte posizioni circa l'aborto volontario. Per gli autori non è accettabile identificare tutti gli eventi naturali con i precetti morali così che l'esistenza di una patologia in natura (e tale è l'aborto spontaneo) non significa che si sia obbligati a indurla. In altri termini il richiamo alla natura come fondamento della legge morale naturale non deriva dalla osservazione dei fenomeni che si presentano in natura ma dal concetto di natura umana. Considerando il rispetto dovuto alla vita umana sin dal concepimento gli autori concludono che si è moralmente obbligati a cercare di prevenire l'aborto spontaneo come pure a ricercare nuove modalità per rilevare il più presto possibile il concepimento sin dal momento in cui si verifica. Ogni elusione di queste responsabilità potrebbe identificare una negligenza moralmente rilevante nel determinarsi dell'aborto "spontaneo".
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Spaziante, Ermenegildo. "L’aborto in Italia: aggiornamento statistico epidemiologico." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 6 (December 31, 1998): 1141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.815.
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In sette anni, dal 1987 al 1994, l’incidenza annuale dell’abortività legalmente indotta è diminuita in Italia da n. 191.469 IVG a n. 136.481 (-28,7%). L’indice per mille nati-vivi è passato nello stesso periodo dal 347 del 1987 al 234 del 1994, con un decremento pari al -32,5%.
Il tasso di abortività provocata per mille donne (dai 15 ai 49 anni) è passato dal 13,3 del 1987 al 9,5 del 1994, con un calo del -28,6%. Un tenue aumento percentuale è stato osservato nelle classi di età da 15 a 19 e da 30 a 34 anni.
I dati statistici regionali presentano notevoli differenze nella frequenza delle IVG.
Il confronto con i dati della cosiddetta “abortività spontanea” conduce ad evidenziare che varie regioni con basso indice di “abortività indotta” presentano più elevati tassi di “aborto spontaneo”. Tale frequente correlazione statistica induce l’Autore a supporre che con ogni probabilità una certa percentuale di “aborti spontanei” in realtà sia costituita da “aborti volontari”, codificati per “cause indeterminate”.
La “speranza di vita” nel secondo mese di vita prenatale non è analoga per tutte le regioni. Aggregando i dati dell’abortività indotta legale, quelli dell’abortività “spontanea”, e gli indici di mortalità perinatale (entro la prima settimana dalla nascita), si evidenziano differenze notevoli fra le distinte regioni. Nel Veneto la probabilità per il feto di sopravvivere ha un valore dell’80%, in altre regioni, quali Emilia-Romagna, Piemonte, Liguria, Umbria e Toscana, la “speranza di sopravvivenza” (di giungere alla seconda settimana del primo anno di vita) è limitata al 65%, poiché circa il 35% degli “esseri umani” che hanno superato le otto settimane dal concepimento viene soppresso con l’aborto volontario, codificato come IVG, oppure è eliminato come “aborto spontaneo” o si presenta come nato-morto o, ancora, muore entro la prima settimana dalla nascita. Naturalmente tale probabilità non tiene conto degli embrioni e dei feti eliminati subito dopo il concepimento o nelle prime otto settimane di vita fetale.
Il raffronto con i diversi indici demografici, quali la mortalità generale, la speranza media di vita, la mortalità infantile, ritenuti generalmente favorevoli per l’Italia, conferma che per molte regioni l’abortività rimane invece problema sociale grave, meritevole certamente di più adeguata attenzione non solo nell’ambito della medicina preventiva, ma anche della coscienza civile.
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Corsano, Barbara, Dario Sacchini, Patrizia Papacci, and Antonio G. Spagnolo. "Approccio etico-clinico alla Trisomia 18: malattia incompatibile con la vita?" Medicina e Morale 71, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2022.1208.
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Introduzione: La sindrome di Edwards, altrimenti nota come Trisomia 18, è una malattia genetica che può essere caratterizzata da molteplici anomalie congenite multiorgano e spesso è considerata una malattia “incompatibile con la vita”, con un’alta percentuale di gravidanze terminate con aborto (spontaneo o indotto) o il rifiuto alla nascita di possibili trattamenti, anche se alcuni bambini con questa condizione vivono per diversi anni. Obiettivo: Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di discutere l’approccio di etica clinica alla Trisomia 18 attraverso il caso di Angelica – giunta all’attenzione dei curanti nella Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS in Roma nel 2017 – una bambina affetta da tale patologia che, al momento attuale, ha raggiunto l’età di 4 anni e 10 mesi. Risultati: Dal momento della diagnosi (prenatale) al follow-up attuale è stato messo in atto un approccio eticoclinico, di cui vengono illustrate le valutazioni interdisciplinari che nel tempo sono state effettuate relativamente alla proporzionalità delle possibili opzioni di trattamento, anche di tipo invasivo/intensivo. Conclusioni: La Trisomia 18 non può più essere considerata una malattia “incompatibile con la vita” ed è importante una valutazione interdisciplinare, sia prenatale sia postnatale, che vada a identificare step by step i possibili trattamenti clinicamente ed eticamente appropriati e proporzionati. Tali trattamenti, anche quando invasivi/intensivi, non si configurano necessariamente come over-treatment, ma come la messa in atto di cure palliative finalizzate a migliorare la qualità di vita di questi bambini ed a facilitare la loro gestione domiciliare.
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Capra, V., M. A. Vigliarolo, G. L. Levato, N. Lavia, G. L. Piatelli, and A. Cama. "Difetti del Tubo Neurale in Gravidanze Gemellari." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 43, no. 1-2 (1994): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000003159.
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AbstractPresso il Reparto di Neurochirugia Pediatrica dell'Istituto G. Gaslini di Genova sono seguiti circa 500 bambini con difetti di chiusura del tubo neurale di cui 9 pazienti sono nati da gravidanza gemellare: 2 gravidanze erano trigemellari (1 triplacentare, tricoriale e triamniotica e 1 biplacentare, bicoriale); le altre 7 sono state riferite come bicoriali, biplacentari in 4 casi, monocoriale e mono placentare in 1 caso monocoriale monoplacentare e monamniotica in un altro e nell'ultimo caso non si hanno informazioni. Il dato importante da sottolineare è che in questi pazienti, un solo gemello è affetto, cioè esiste discordanza fenotipica tra i gemelli. In un solo caso l'altro gemello presentava malformazioni: ano imperforato ed anomalia dello sbocco uretrale. Si pensa che una separazione tardiva dei due zigoti sia accompagnata da un maggior rischio di sviluppo di malformazioni, non necessariamente espresse in entrambi. Un'ineguale divisione del-l'embrione potrebbe essere responsabile di una più alta suscettibilità ad influenze distruttive di uno dei gemelli, risultandone uno sviluppo asincrono con differenti effetti teratogeni. Questi pazienti presentano difetti di chiusura del tubo neurale a vari livelli: 3 cefaloceli occipitali, 5 mielomeningoceli, (1 lombare, 2 lombosacrali, 2 sacrali) e 1 li-pomeningocele lombosacrale. Per quanto riguarda la storia della gravidanza si è verificato un aborto spontaneo di un gemello al 3° mese e in un altro caso la gemella è nata morta. In tre gravidanze è stata riferita l'assunzione di farmaci durante il 1° trimestre ed infezione da toxoplasma nel 11° trimestre in un caso. In una sola famiglia è stata riportata incidenza di malformazioni non precisate in collaterali ed in una anamnesi veniva rifeirito un parente affatto da tumore gastrico prima di 35 anni. Dei 9 gemelli affetti, 3 femmine e 6 maschi, in sei casi sono dello stesso sesso e l'altro gemello risulta essere sano, nonostante l'ipotesi che i gemelli dello stesso sesso siano più facilmente monozigoti e quindi con maggior rischio che la stessa malformazione sia presente in entrambi.
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Lepage, J., D. Luton, and E. Azria. "Aborti spontanei a ripetizione." EMC - AKOS - Trattato di Medicina 17, no. 3 (September 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1634-7358(15)72342-9.
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Broen, Anne Nordal, Torbjørn Moum, Anne Sejersted Bødtker, and Øivind Ekeberg. "Kvinners psykiske reaksjoner på spontan og provosert abort." Sykepleien Forskning 1, no. 1 (2006): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4220/sykepleienf.2006.0001.
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Ribeiro, Camila Lima, Francisca De Oliveira Albuquerque, and Adriano Rodrigues De Souza. "INTERNAÇÕES POR ABORTO ESPONTÂNEO: UM RETRATO DE SUA OCORRÊNCIA EM FORTALEZA." Enfermagem em Foco 8, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2017.v8.n1.584.
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Objetivo: o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as internações por aborto espontâneo no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, no período de 2010 a 2014. Metodologia: estudo descritivo exploratório, com dados obtidos por meio do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: os dados mostram que foram registradas 14.203 internações por abortamentos espontâneos, sendo 2010 o ano de maior incidência. Observou-se ainda que a maioria dos atendimentos concentrou-se no sistema público de saúde e a maior parte deles em caráter de urgência. Conclusões: os dados permitem afirmar a urgência do acesso da população à educação sexual nas escolas.Descritores: Aborto espontâneo, Saúde Reprodutiva, Epidemiologia.HOSPITALIZATION FROM MISCARRIAGES:A PORTRAIT OF ITS OCCURRENCE IN FORTALEZA.Objective: The study aimed to characterize hospitalizations from miscarriage in Fortaleza , Ceará, in the period 2010-2014. Methodology : A descriptive exploratory study , with data obtained from the Department of Health System Information . results: the data shows that 14,203 admissions were recorded from miscarriages, and 2010 being the year of highest incidence . It was also observed that most of the visits focused in the public health system and most of them on an urgent basis . Conclusions: The data allows us to state the urgency of sex education in schools for the population.Descriptors: Abortion Spontaneous, Reproductive health, Epidemiology.HOSPITALIZACIÓN POR ABORTO ESPONTÁNEO : UN RETRATO DE SU APARICIÓN EN FORTALEZA.Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar las hospitalizaciones por aborto involuntario en Fortaleza , Ceará , en el período 2010-2014.Metodología: Un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con datos obtenidos del Departamento de Información del Sistema de Salud . resultados : los datos muestran que 14,203 admisiones fueron registrados por abortos espontáneos , y 2010 , el año de mayor incidencia. También se observó que la mayoría de las visitas se centraron en el sistema de salud pública y la mayoría de ellos con carácter de urgencia . Conclusiones: Los datos permiten afirmar la urgencia de acceso de la población a la educación sexual en las escuelas.Descriptores: Aborto Espontáneo, Salud Reproductiva, Epidemiología.
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Steck, T., P. Dörffler, R. Mai, and P. J. Albert. "Autoantikörperprofile bei Frauen mit wiederholten spontanen Aborten ungeklärter Ätiologie." Gynäkologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau 33, no. 1 (1993): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000272281.
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Steck, T. "Vorschläge für eine standardisierte Abklärung bei wiederholten spontanen Aborten." Reproduktionsmedizin 16, no. 1 (February 24, 2000): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004440050010.
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Marrero González, Dadier, Silvana Lisbeth Álava Bermúdez, and Karla Zuleyka Lange García. "El aborto previo como factor de riesgo de parto pretérmino en gestantes del Hospital Básico Jipijapa." QhaliKay. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud ISSN: 2588-0608 3, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/qkrcs.v3i3.2707.
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El parto pretérmino es un problema de salud a nivel mundial. En la medicina perinatal continúa siendo una de las complicaciones más frecuentes, de ahí que la mayor parte de las muertes neonatales ocurren en nacidos prematuros. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el aborto previo como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de parto pretérmino en gestantes ingresadas en al área de emergencias y hospitalización del Hospital Básico Jipijapa. Este trabajo se desarrolló como una investigación cualicuantitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva y transversal. Las características sociodemográficas de las pacientes con antecedentes de abortos previos y parto pretérmino mostraron que las menores de 18 años, casadas, residentes en zonas urbanas y con nivel de instrucción secundaria fueron la mayoría. Se determinó que el aborto previo predominante fue espontáneo, de dos o tres. La edad gestacional del aborto fue menor a 12 semanas, el tiempo entre la ocurrencia del aborto y el embarazo que culminó en un parto pretérmino fue de 6 meses y la complicación del aborto más presentada fue el aborto séptico. La edad gestacional y el peso al nacer de los pretérminos que tuvieron antecedentes maternos de aborto previo, en su mayoría fue mayor a 32 semanas y con un peso superior a los 2 500 gramos.
Palabras clave: Aborto previo, factor de riesgo, parto pretérmino.
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global health problem. In perinatal medicine, it continues to be one of the most frequent complications, hence the majority of neonatal deaths occur in premature births. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between previous abortion as a risk factor for the development of preterm birth in pregnant women admitted to the emergency area and hospitalization of the Jipijapa Basic Hospital. This work was developed as a qualitative-quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients with a history of previous abortions and preterm delivery showed that those under 18 years of age, married, living in urban areas and with a secondary education level were the majority. It was determined that the predominant previous abortion was spontaneous, of two or three. The gestational age of the abortion was less than 12 weeks, the time between the occurrence of the abortion and the pregnancy that culminated in preterm delivery was 6 months, and the most common complication of the abortion was septic abortion. The gestational age and birth weight of the preterm who had a maternal history of previous abortion, were mostly greater than 32 weeks and with a weight greater than 2 500 grams.
Keywords: Previous abortion, risk factor, preterm delivery.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Lindmark, Edvardsen Ingela, and Ida Näslund. "Spontan abort. En litteraturstudie om kvinnors upplevelse av tidiga missfall." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90511.
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Bakgrund: I Sverige slutar ungefär 12-13 % av alla kända graviditeter med missfall. De flesta sker innan graviditetsvecka 13 och räknas därmed som tidiga. Många kvinnor upplever att vårdpersonalen inte ger dem det stöd de behöver. Detta kan bero på bristfällig kunskap om den känslomässiga processen vid tidiga missfall. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser i samband med tidiga missfall. Metod: I litteraturstudien har 10 kvalitativa empiriska studier sammanställts och analyserats utifrån Fribergs analysmetod, inspirerad av beskrivande syntes. Artikelsökning utfördes i databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed och SweMed+. Resultat: Upplevelserna vid tidiga missfall innefattar psykiska, existentiella och sociala aspekter samt omvårdnadsrelaterade upplevelser. Missfallet upplevs ofta som en oväntad förlust vilket kan medföra reaktioner som sorg, ifrågasättande av den egna identiteten och skuldkänslor. Många kvinnor känner sig missförstådda av sina anhöriga och att vårdpersonalen inte uppmärksammar deras känslor, upplevelser och behov. Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat visar att kvinnor vill bli bemötta med respekt och förståelse vid tidiga missfall. För att förbättra omvårdnaden av dessa kvinnor krävs personcentrerad omvårdnad som uppmärksammar deras individuella behov, utbildning bland vårdpersonalen samt ytterligare forskning inom området.Background: About 12-13 % of all recognised pregnancies in Sweden end in a miscarriage. The majority of these occur before gestational week 13 and are therefore classified as early. Many women experience inadequate support from the nursing staff. This could be related to a limited knowledge about the emotional process subsequent to early miscarriages. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women’s experiences associated with early miscarriages. Methods: In this literature study 10 empirical studies were compiled and analysed with Friberg’s method of analysis, inspired by descriptive synthesis. Article search was performed in the Cinahl, PubMed and SweMed+ databases. Results: The experiences of early miscarriages include psychological, existential and social aspects and experiences connected to nursing care. The miscarriage is often perceived as an unexpected bereavement that can bring about reactions such as grief, questioning of one’s identity and guilt. Many women feel misunderstood by their friends and families and that the nursing staff does not recognize their feelings, experiences and needs. Conclusion: The result of the literature study shows that women want to be met with respect and understanding during the time of early miscarriage. Person centred care that recognise the women’s individual needs, education among the staff and further research in this area is needed to improve the nursing care of these women.
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Nord, Frida, and Kristin Staf. "Upplevelser av ett missfall : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320423.
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Bakgrund: Av alla graviditeter slutar 10-20% med ett missfall, vilket betyder att det är vanligt förekommande och drabbar många kvinnor. Ett missfall kan innebära en väldigt traumatisk upplevelse för den drabbade och är både psykiskt och fysiskt påfrestande. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av missfall. Metod: Litteraturstudie där resultatet baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar baserade på en kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Vid ett missfall upplevde kvinnorna i studierna ofta att vårdpersonal gav för lite information och hade bristande förståelse. Mer psykosocialt stöd var en återkommande önskan, då de sällan blev erbjudna det. Missfallet innebar mer än att förlora ett framtida barn. Det var en komplex situation, där kvinnan drabbades av både fysisk och psykisk smärta. Känslor såsom att förlora kontrollen, att skuldbelägga sig själv, oro och rädsla inför framtiden var ofta förekommande. Sorgen över vad de kunde haft var något som kunde vara i flera år efter missfallet. Att få bearbeta sorgen visade sig vara en väldigt viktig del för de flesta kvinnorna. Slutsats: Sorg är något som de flesta kvinnor upplever efter ett missfall och många av dem efterfrågar mer stöd och hjälp i hanteringen av sorgearbetet. Att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa, såsom depression och ångest är vanligt förekommande efter ett missfall. Genom att erbjuda alla drabbade kvinnor psykosocialt stöd i anslutning till missfallet kan psykisk ohälsa och onödigt lidande förebyggas. Det finns ett behov av ett bättre bemötande samt mer information från vårdpersonal. Eftersom brist på information kan leda till att kvinnan skuldbelägger sig själv bör detta prioriteras. Sjukvårdspersonal behöver mer kunskap gällande upplevelser av missfall för att kunna ge en tillfredsställande omvårdnad där kvinnan känner sig trygg och väl bemött. Det bör dock tas hänsyn till att allas upplevelser av ett missfall är individuellt och vården bör därför anpassas därefter.Background: Of all pregnancies, 10-20% end with miscarriage, which means that it is a common matter and affects many. It can be a very traumatic experience and the effects it has on women can be both mental and physical. Purpose: The purpose of this literary study is to describe women's experiences of miscarriage. Method: The method of the research is a literary study, which is based on 10 original articles, with a qualitative approach. Results: When a miscarriage occurred, women often felt that the care staff offered limited information and had a lack of understanding. More psychosocial support was a recurring desire as the women seldom felt that they were provided with it. The miscarriage meant more to them than losing a future child. It was a complex situation where the woman was in both physical and mental pain. Emotions such as lack of control, self-blame, anxiety, fearing for the future and sorrow were frequent. Grieving over what they could have had was something that could be experienced over several years after the miscarriage. Processing the grief was a very important part for most women. Conclusion: Grief is something that most women experience after a miscarriage and many of them are asking for more support and help in dealing with grief. To suffer from mental illness, such as depression and anxiety are common after a miscarriage. By offering all affected women psychosocial support after the miscarriage, mental illness and unnecessary suffering can be prevented. There is a need for a better refutation as well as more information from health professionals. Because of the lack of information woman sometimes blames themselves, therefore this should be a priority. Healthcare professionals need more knowledge regarding experiences of miscarriage in order to provide adequate care where the woman can feel safe and be treated well. However, it should be taken into account that everyone's experience of a miscarriage are individually and care should therefore be adjusted accordingly.
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Nonnenmacher, Daniele. "Abortamento: depressão e percepção das mulheres quanto às reações e condutas do parceiro em duas capitais brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-27092013-143636/.
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Introdução: Constante na história da civilização, o abortamento tem sido tema relevante na saúde pública, trazendo repercussões físicas e emocionais à mulher. Este trabalho abordou aspectos históricos e culturais que delinearam o percurso feminino e a maternidade, contemplou a magnitude do abortamento e aspectos emocionais, em especial, a depressão. Teve como objetivos, analisar características sociodemográficas, a percepção das mulheres quanto às reações e condutas do parceiro e o diagnóstico de depressão, em duas capitais brasileiras, associando as variáveis entre os grupos de abortamento espontâneo e provocado de cada capital. Buscou, em cada grupo, relacionar a depressão com as variáveis estudadas. Método: Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas, com questionário previamente elaborado com 285 mulheres que sofreram abortamento espontâneo (139 em Natal-RN e 146 em São Paulo-SP) e 31 mulheres que referiram tê-lo provocado (11 em Natal-RN e 20 em São Paulo-SP). Para o diagnóstico de depressão, utilizou-se o módulo de humor do Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (Prime-MD). Os dados foram analisados pela Técnica de Análise Temática, posteriormente foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition. O nível de significância utilizado foi p<0,05. Resultados: Encontrou-se significância estatística relacionada ao abortamento provocado, em Natal-RN e São Paulo-SP, nas variáveis: ser solteira (p<0,01; p<0,01) e ter menor número de gestações (p<0,01; p=0,04) e de abortamentos espontâneos anteriores (p<0,01; p<0,01). Em Natal-RN evidenciou-se ainda, mulheres com trabalho (p=0,03), renda financeira (p<0,01) e que residiam com familiar (p<0,01) e, em São Paulo-SP, ter provocado abortamento anterior (p=0,01) e residir com amigos (p<0,01). Quanto à percepção das mulheres em relação às reações e condutas do parceiro, em ambas as capitais, ele foi referido como a pessoa que não poderia saber do abortamento (p<0,01 em Natal-RN; p=0,02 em São Paulo-SP), ao mesmo tempo, como aquele que poderia tê-lo evitado (p<0,01 em Natal-RN; p=0,03 em São Paulo-SP). A ausência do parceiro no momento da confirmação da gestação (p=0,02) foi relevante em Natal-RN, e em São Paulo-SP, ele ter apresentado reações negativas frente à notícia da gravidez (p=0,04) e não ter participado no processo do abortamento (p<0,01). Constatou-se elevado índice de depressão em ambas capitais e grupos. Sua presença, no abortamento provocado, não esteve associada às variáveis estudadas, enquanto no espontâneo, relacionou-se, em Natal-RN, a reações negativas do parceiro ao saber da gravidez (p=0,05) e sua ausência no processo do abortamento (p<0,01) e, em São Paulo-SP, ao desconhecimento dele sobre a gestação (p=0,04). Conclusão: Apesar dos avanços sociais, seguem enraizados na identidade feminina princípios culturais e sociais que diante da situação de abortamento, ainda hoje, despertam na mulher conflitos e ambivalências. Mesmo com a independência feminina, a participação masculina mostra-se importante dentro do processo do abortamento, seja pelo suporte ou mesmo, pelo compartilhamento da responsabilidadeIntroduction: Constant in the history of civilization, abortion has been a relevant issue in public health, having physical and emotional repercussions for women. This study addressed the historical and cultural aspects outlining the female pathway and maternity and dealt with the magnitude of abortion and emotional aspects, especially depression. Its purpose was to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, women\'s perception as regards the partner\'s reactions and behavior, and depression diagnosis in two Brazilian capitals, associating the variables from the spontaneous abortion group and the induced abortion group. Within each group, the objective was to relate the variables to depression. Method: In two Brazilian capitals, semistructured, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 285 women who underwent spontaneous abortion (139 in Natal-RN and 146 in São Paulo-SP) and 31 who reported having induced the abortion (11 in Natal-RN and 20 in São Paulo-SP). For diagnosing depression, the mood module from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was applied. The data were analyzed by the thematic analysis technique, and, subsequently, the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition program was used. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Induced abortion was statistically significant with respect to the following variables: in both Natal-RN and São Paulo-SP, being single ((p<0.01, p<0.01), a smaller number of previous pregnancies (p<0.01, p=0.04), and fewer previous spontaneous abortions (p<0.01, p<0.01); in Natal-RN alone, having a job (p=0.03), having a money income (p<0.01), and living with a family member (p<0.01); in São Paulo-SP only, induction of a previous abortion (p<0.01) and residence with friends (p<0.01). Concerning the perception the women had of their partners\' reactions and behavior, in both capitals, the partner was referred to as the one person who could not know about the abortion (p<0.01 in Natal-RN, p=0.02 in São Paulo-SP) and, simultaneously, as the one who could have avoided it (p<0.01 in Natal- RN, p=0.03 in São Paulo-SP). The partner\'s absence at the time of the pregnancy confirmation (p=0.02) was relevant in Natal- RN, and the partner\'s negative reaction when learning about the pregnancy (p=0.04) and his not participating in the abortion process (p<0.01) was relevant in São Paulo- SP. A high depression rate was found in both groups and in both capitals. Its presence in the induced abortion group was not associated with the study variables, while, in the spontaneous abortion group in Natal-RN, it was linked to the partner\'s negative reaction as he learned about the pregnancy (p=0.05) and to his absence during the abortion process (p<0.01), and in São Paulo-SP, to his not knowing about the pregnancy (p=0.04). Conclusion: Despite social advances, the cultural and social principles rooted in the female identity to this day still engender conflicts and ambivalent feelings in women when confronted with the situation of abortion. Notwithstanding women\'s independence, male participation has shown to be important in the abortion process, be it for support or for sharing the responsability
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Bordini, Débora Cristina Nozzella. "Desesperança e depressão em mulheres com diagnóstico de abortamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-15032018-101048/.
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Introdução: A desesperança encontra-se amplamente associada com depressão maior e risco de suicídio. O suicídio, por sua vez, é um problema de saúde pública que está associado a uma diversidade de fatores e contextos econômicos, sociais e emocionais. No Brasil, a ocorrência de suicídio parece se relacionar diretamente com situações de perda, frustrações e sofrimento emocional, como a situação de abortamento na vida da mulher. Objetivos: este estudo tem como objetivos identificar desesperança em mulheres que viveram/provocaram abortamento; avaliar depressão maior; verificar a associação entre ocorrência de abortamento espontâneo ou provocado e depressão e desesperança. Método: este estudo foi composto por duas fases. Na primeira fase, foi verificado o prontuário de 162 mulheres que tiveram diagnóstico de abortamento e participaram do projeto anterior \"Culpa, ansiedade e depressão na vivência do abortamento provocado\", sendo que, destas 144 tinham vivido abortamento espontâneo e 18, abortamentos provocados. Nessa fase foram analisadas entrevista semidirigida; Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) e Escala de Desesperança de Beck (BHS). Após uma média de tempo de 95,75 meses da ocorrência do abortamento, foi realizado contato telefônico com as 162 mulheres, visando convidá-las a participar da segunda fase; 12 mulheres aceitaram retornar. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida, o PRIME-MD e BHS. Foi realizada análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados, os quais foram analisados pela técnica de análise temática e posteriormente foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition. O nível de significância utilizado foi p < 0,05. Também foi realizada analise qualitativa dos discursos das mulheres que compareceram na segunda fase deste estudo. Resultados: constatou-se que 14,6%(n=21) das mulheres que sofreram abortamento espontâneo apresentaram alto nível de desesperança (índice <= 9) e 30,6%(n=44) apresentaram diagnóstico de depressão maior. Desta forma, foi observada associação significativa entre alto nível de desesperança e diagnóstico depressivo em mulheres com abortamento espontâneo (p=0,03). Entre as mulheres que relataram abortamento provocado, contatou-se que 27,8% (n=5) apresentaram altos índices de desesperança e 55,6%(n=10) foram diagnosticadas com depressão maior. Ao associar as duas variáveis, não foi encontrada significância estatística (p=0,9). Os resultados da segunda fase revelaram que 2 mulheres encontravam- se com alta desesperança, sendo que uma referiu abortamento espontâneo e a outra, provocado, ambas também tinham diagnóstico de depressão maior. Conclusão: foi constatado alto nível de sofrimento emocional e de desesperança associado com a situação do abortamento independente de sua natureza, se espontânea ou provocada. Foi observada associação estatística significativa entre depressão e desesperança entre as mulheres que vivenciaram abortamento espontâneo. Nas avaliações da segunda fase, constatou-se que o sofrimento de algumas mulheres permanecia atual, independente do tempo decorrido ou do tipo do abortamentoIntroduction: Hopelessness is widely associated with Major Depression and suicide risk. The suicide, on the other hand, is a public health problem that may be associated with economic, social and emotional factors. In Brazil, the ocurrence of suicide seems to be directly related to situations involving loss, frustrations and emotional distress, such as the abortion situation in woman\'s life. Objectives: This study aims to identify hopelessness in women who have received abortions or miscarriage diagnosis; to evaluate major depression; to verify the association between miscarriage, abortion; depression and hopelessness. Method: This study was composed of two phases. In the first phase, it was verified the medical records of 162 women who had a diagnosis of abortion and participated in the previous Project \"Guilt, anxiety and depression in the experience of induced abortion\". Of these, 144 had a miscarriage and 18 had a induced abortion. For this phase, a semidiriged interwiew; Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) and Beck`s Hopelessness Scale (BHS) was analyzed. In the second phase, after an average time of 95,75 months from the abortion, a telephone call was made to the 162 women in order to invite them to participate at this time; twelve women agreed to return to the second phase of this study. The following instruments were applied: semi-directed interwiew, PRIME-MS and BHS. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. The data were analyzed by the thematic analysis technique and later using the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition. The significance level was p < 0,05. A qualitative analysis of the discourses of the women who attended the second phase was also performed. Results: It was found that 14,6% (n=21) of the women who suffered miscarriage had a high level of hopelessness (índex <= 9) and 30,6% (n=44) presented a diagnosis of major depression. Statistical significance was observed between high level of hopelessness and depressive diagnosis in women with miscarriage (p=0,03). Among women reporting induced abortion, 27,8% (n=5) had high rates of hopelessness and 55,6% (n=10) were diagnosed with major depression. When the two variables were associated, no statistical significance was found (p=0,9). The results of the second phase revealed that 2 women presented a high level of hopelessness, 1 that reported miscarriage and 1 that reported induced abortion. Both had a diagnosis of Major Depression. Conclusion: It was observed a high level of emotional distress associated with the abortion experience regardless of its natures, whether spontaneous or induced. There were There were high rates of hopelessness among women who experienced abortion, whether spontaneous or induced; and a statistically significant association was found between depression and hopelessness among women who experienced spontaneous abortion. In the evaluations of the second phase it was found that the suffering of some women remained current, regardless of the time elapsed or the type of abortion
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Jablonowska, Barbara. "Recurrent spontaneous abortion : a clinical, immunological and genetic study /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med772s.pdf.
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Hjernberg, Elizabeth, and Emelie Löfman. "Kvinnors upplevelser av stöd och omvårdnad vid spontan abort : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3641.
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Bakgrund En normal graviditet hos en gravid kvinna (det biologiska könet) i fertil ålder fortlöper i genomsnitt i cirka 40 veckor. När en kvinnas graviditet avstannar utan medicinsk intervention innan graviditetsvecka 22 kategoriseras det som en spontan abort. Det finns ingen behandling som kan stoppa en hotande eller en pågående spontan abort vilket gör att sjuksköterskans bemötande blir desto mer viktig. Forskning har visat att stöd vid spontan abort kan hjälpa till att minska den negativa upplevelsen och att stöd även har en positiv inverkan på den mentala hälsan. Det ligger i allmänsjuksköterskans professionella ansvar att ge stöd och omvårdnad utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Syfte Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av stöd och omvårdnad vid spontan abort. Metod Vald design var litteraturöversikt där databassökning genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Google Scholar. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar valdes och granskades med Sophiahemmets Högskolas kvalitetsgranskningsprotokoll och genomgick en integrerad analys. Resultat Resultatet sammanställdes i fem huvudkategorier: ”Bemötandets betydelse för kvinnan”, ”Kommunikation”, ”Vårdmiljöns betydelse”, ”Aspekter av stöd” och ”Den fysiska vården”. Resultatet belyser vikten av bemötandets roll i utformandet av kvinnans upplevelse av stöd och omvårdnad i samband med spontan abort. Slutsats Att genomgå en spontan abort var för de flesta kvinnor en traumatisk händelse. Det framkom att sjuksköterskan inte fullföljde sitt professionella ansvar att främja hälsa, återställa hälsa och lindra lidande för de kvinnor som genomgick en spontan abort. För att kvinnor som genomgår en spontan abort ska få stöd och omvårdnad anpassad efter hennes behov bör sjuksköterskan arbeta utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt för att minska risken för vårdlidande.Background A normal pregnancy for a woman (the biological sex) is on average 40 weeks. If a woman's pregnancy ends before pregnancy week 22 without medical intervention it is categorized as a spontaneous abortion. No treatment can stop a threatening or ongoing spontaneous abortion, which makes the nurse's response to the situation all the more important. Research has shown that support during a spontaneous abortion can help reduce the negative experiences for the woman and also have a positive impact on the woman’s mental health. It is in the general nurse's professional responsibility to provide support and care based on a person-centred approach. Aim The purpose is to highlight women's experiences of support and care during a spontaneous abortion. Method Chosen design was literature review where 15 scientific articles were selected. Database search was performed in databases PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Data analysis was carried out using an integrated analysis. Results The results were compiled into five main categories which highlighted the woman's experience of support and care during a spontaneous abortion. The main categories are "The importance of care for the woman", ”Communication”, "The impact of health facility environment", "Aspects of support" and ”Physical care”. Results highlights the importance of the caregiver in shaping the woman's experience of support and care in connection with spontaneous abortion. Conclusions For most women, a spontaneous abortion was a traumatic event to undergo. It emerged in the results that nurses did not always fulfil their professional responsibilities in promoting the woman’s health, restoring health and relieving the woman’s suffering who underwent a spontaneous abortion. In order for women to receive support and care tailored to their needs, the nurse should work applying a person-centered approach which can help reduce the risk of suffering and meet the unmet needs of the woman.
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Sollwedel, Andre Sascha. "Der Einfluss der HO-1 Expression auf die Schwangerschaftskomplikationen spontaner Abort und Präeklampsie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15699.
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Die Schwangerschaft ist ein komplexer Vorgang, bei dem es zu einer Interaktion zwischen dem mütterlichen Immunsystem und dem Fetus kommt. Der allogene Fetus kann als natürlich auftretendes Allotransplantat angesehen werden. Man nimmt daher an, dass die Toleranzmechanismen, die im Rahmen einer erfolgreichen Schwangerschaft auftreten, den Mechanismen zur Akzeptanz eines Transplantates ähnlich sind. HO-1 wurde als ein gewebe-schützendes und anti-apoptotisches Molekül beschrieben, welches eine wichtige Rolle bei der Akzeptanz von Transplantaten spielt. Verschiedene Studien konnten zeigen, dass HO-1 in der Plazenta verschiedener Spezies exprimiert wird und dass die Expression von HO-1 bei Schwangerschaftskomplikationen, wie dem spontanen Abort, vermindert ist. Dies lässt vermuten, dass HO im Laufe der Schwangerschaft eine Rolle spielt. In diesem Kontext sollte die vorliegende Arbeit das Verständnis über die Funktion von HO-1 bei den beiden Schwangerschaftskomplikationen spontaner Abort und Präeklampsie (Schwangerschaftshypertonie) erweitern. Mit Hilfe des Mausmodells für einen spontanen Abort, bei dem weibliche CBA/J Mäuse mit männlichen DAB/2J Mäusen verpaart werden, wurde der Einfluss der HO-1 Expression auf die Abortrate untersucht und mit BALB/c-verpaarten CBA/J Weibchen, welche eine normale Schwangerschaft aufweisen, verglichen. In Mäusen mit spontanem Abort zeigte sich eine Reduktion der HO-1 und HO-2 Expression. Die Induktion von HO-1 mittels Co-PP war in der Lage, die Abortrate zu senken, wohingegen eine Reduktion der HO-1 mittels Zn-PP die Abortrate erhöhte. Es zeigte sich, dass es neben der Induktion von HO-1 auch zu einer erhöhten Expression des anti-apoptotischen Moleküls Bag-1 kam. Im Mausmodell für Präeklampsie wurde ebenfalls die Expression von HO-1 und möglicher Interaktionspartner untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss einer erhöhten bzw. verminderten HO-1 Expression auf die Präeklampsie-ähnlichen Symptome in diesem Mausmodell analysiert. Im Laufe der Arbeit zeigte sich jedoch, dass HO-1 Veränderungen keinen Einfluss auf die Präeklampsie-ähnlichen Symptome hat. Die Daten dieser Arbeit lassen vermuten, dass eine erhöhte Expression von HO-1 zum Zeitpunkt der Implantation den Fetus vor einem spontanen Abort schützt und dass die protektive Funktion von HO-1 durch eine Interaktion mit anti-apoptotischen Molekülen wird. Bei der Präeklampsie hingegen scheint HO-1 keine bzw. nur eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen.Pregnancy maintenance is a very complex phenomenon, involving interactions between the maternal immune system and the semiallogenic foetus, which does not lead to immune rejection but to tolerance. Thus it is thought that the tolerance mechanisms involved in a successful pregnancy are closely related to those allowing graft acceptances. Heme Oxygenases (HO) were described to be tissue-protective and to have anti-apoptotic properties. Up-regulation of HO, particularly of HO-1, allows tissue tolerance after transplantation. The presence of HO-1 had been reported in the placenta of different species during normally progressing pregnancies; in pregnancy complications like spontaneous abortion the levels of HO-1 were reduced. This led to the proposal that HO-1 may play a protective role. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of HO-1 changes in the outcome of pregnancy, using two different murine models for pregnancy complications, namely of spontaneous abortion and pre-eclampsia. The influence of HO-1 expression on the abortion rate was analysed in DBA/2J-mated CBA/J females, which spontaneously show high abortion rates compared to BALB/c-mated CBA/J females, having fully normal pregnancy. The induction of HO-1 by Co-PP led to diminished abortion rates, while the blocking of HO-1 and HO-2 by Zn-PP boosted abortion. In mice with reduced abortion rates after HO-1 induction, up-regulated levels of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bag-1 could be observed. In mice showing signs for preeclampsia after transfer of Th1 activated cells, the expression of HO-1, Th1/Th2 and eNOS was analysed. Furthermore HO-1 was of up- or down-regulated by using Co-PP or Zn-PP respectively. HO-1 changes did not influence the outcome of the disease, as we could not observe a diminution in the blood pressure levels. In summary, the results of this study indicate that high levels of HO-1 during implantation are able to prevent foetal rejection and that the beneficial effects of the HO-1 induction are related to the up-regulation of tissue protective molecules as Bag-1. No relationship could be observed between HO-1 levels and preeclampsia outcome.
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Carneiro, Marta Camila Mendes de Oliveira [UNIFESP]. "Prevalência e características das mulheres com histórico de aborto." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9967.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-25Por ser uma prática criminosa, o aborto provocado acaba sendo realizado clandestinamente tornando-se um grave problema de Saúde Pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de estimar a prevalência de mulheres em idade fértil com histórico de aborto. O estudo é transversal, resultante de uma amostra aleatória de mulheres 15 a 49 anos-, residentes no subdistrito da Vila Mariana, 2006. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicação de questionários. Foi considerada como variável dependente classificação da mulher quanto ao aborto: sem aborto, aborto espontâneo e aborto provocado; e independentes: idade, defasagem do número ideal de filhos, atividade remunerada, escolaridade, estado civil, uso de contraceptivos e opinião sobre o aborto provocado. Para análises foram utilizados testes de qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística multinomial policotômica. Dentre o total de mulheres entrevistadas (n=1121), 84,4% (n=946) são de mulheres sem histórico de aborto; 11,2% (n=126) são de mulheres com histórico de aborto espontâneo e, 4,4% (n=49) são de mulheres com histórico de aborto provocado. A razão de chances de ter realizado aborto provocado sobre a sem aborto é 6,33 vezes maior (p0,001) entre mulheres que aceitam esta prática; 4,58 vezes maior (p=0,002) entre as mulheres que possuem menos de 4 anos de estudo e ainda, as chances da mulher declarar um aborto provocado comparado às sem aborto é 7% maior a cada ano em que a mulher envelhece. Dentre as 1121 mulheres, 49,5% (n=555) declararam ter tido alguma gravidez. Para que engravidaram a prevalência de mulheres com aborto espontâneo foi de 22,7% (n=126) de aborto provocado 8,85 (n=49). A razão de chances de ter realizado aborto provocado sobre a sem aborto é 28,34 vezes maior (p0,001) entre as que não possuem nenhum filho nascido vivo; 6,42 vezes maior (p0,001) entre as que aceitam esta prática; 4,96 vezes maior (p=0,002) entre as que possuem menos de 4 anos de estudo; e as chances de declarar um aborto provocado comparado as sem aborto é 8% maior a cada ano a mais de vida. Por outra parte, este estudo revela ainda que entre o total de mulheres a razão de chances de ter tido aborto espontâneo sobre a sem aborto é 0,34 (p0,001) entre as mulheres que não possuem nenhum filho nascido vivo; e, as chances da mulher declarar um aborto espontâneo comparado às sem aborto é 4% maior a cada ano de idade da mulher. O comportamento reprodutivo das mulheres deste estudo é equiparável ao das residentes em países desenvolvidos. Ao ter acesso a métodos contraceptivos considerados eficazes o aborto provocado legalizado, não seria utilizado de forma irresponsável.
Induced abortions are illegal in Brazil, leading many women to seek out clandestine clinics and practitioners, resulting in a serious public health problem. The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of women in the general population of fertile age with a history of abortion. This is a retrospective transversal study, based on a random sample of women – 15 to 49 years old –, residing at the Vila Mariana neighborhood of São Paulo in 2006. Data was collected through questionnaires. As the dependent variable we used different abortion categories, reflecting different types of experiences with abortion, which included: no abortion, spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. As independent variables we used: age, the difference between number of children and ideal number of children, employment and marital status, level of education, use of contraceptives, and personal opinion about induced abortion. Analyses were carried out using chi-square tests and polytomous multinomial logistic regressions. Furthermore, 84,4% (n=946) had no history of abortion; 11,2% (n=126) indicated having had a spontaneous abortion; and 4.4% (n=49) indicated having had an induced abortion. We found that it is 6,33 times more likely (p0,001) to have had an induced abortion versus no abortion among women who are pro-choice; 4,58 times more likely (p=0,002) among women who have less than 4 years of formal education; and the chances of a woman admitting an induced abortion compared to no abortion are 7% higher for each additional year of age. We surveyed a total of 1121 women, among which 49.5% (n=555) indicated that they had been pregnant at least once. Among the latter, 22,7% (n=126) indicated having at least one spontaneous abortion and 8,85% (n=49) indicated having at least one induced abortion. Our results show that among women with no live birth pregnancies it is 28,34 times more likely that they have undergone induced abortion versus no abortion (p0,005); among those that are pro-choice it is 6,42 times more likely (p0,001); among those who have less than 4 years of formal education it is 4,96 times more likely (p=0,002); and the chances of admitting to an induced abortion versus no abortion increases by 8% higher for each additional year of age. Finally, this study reveals that women with no live births are 0,34 more likely (p0,001) to have had an spontaneous abortion versus no abortion; and the chances of a woman admitting spontaneous abortion compared to no abortion is 4% higher for each additional year of age. In conclusion, the reproductive behavior of women in this study is comparable to the behavior of women who live in developed countries. With broad access to effective contraceptive methods, legalized induced abortion would not be carried out irresponsibly.
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Tuerlinckx, Patrícia da Silva. "Aborto espontâneo em mulheres residentes nas proximidades do parque industrial do município do Rio Grande/RS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2005. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3520.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2005.Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-10-30T14:40:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciadasilva.pdf: 907631 bytes, checksum: 0d9864df80aaed22f5d58742aa1f439c (MD5)
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Com a intenção de contribuirmos para o conhecimento dos riscos da exposição ambiental e a influência de outros fatores sobre a saúde, realizou-se este estudo transversal, com mulheres em idade fértil (15-49 anos)residentes nas comunidades próximas ao parque industrial do município do Rio Grande/RS, sendo identificado a prevalência de abortos espontâneos e os fatores relacionados a este desfecho. A amostra compreendeu 565 mulheres, residentes nas áreas consideradas exposta (E) e não exposta(NE), de acordo com a distância do parque industrial e a análise do mapa dos ventos do município. Foram entrevistadas 285 mulheres da área E e 280 da área NE. Para avaliação dos fatores de risco, foi aplicado um questionário, o qual contemplava as condições socioeconômicas, os fatores ambientais e as condições de moradia, a história reprodutiva prévia e morbidades. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística não-condicionada. Das mulheres entrevistadas que já gestaram (n=412) 17,7% referiram ocorrência de aborto espontâneo. Na análise bivariada verificou-se que o desfecho estudado mostrou associação significativa com idade da menarca, apresentando-se como fator de proteção(OR=0,26 (IC=0,11-0,55); p=0,0008) a idade da menarca entre 11 e 13 anos. O número de filhos também mostrou associação com a ocorrência de aborto espontâneo, apresentando um aumento do risco para três ou mais filhos (OR=4,00 (IC=1,86-8,58); p=0,001). A história de doença sexualmente transmissível(DST) também apresentou tendência à significação (OR=2,01 (IC=0,97-4,15); p=0,06). Após ajuste com as variáveis do modelo teórico hierarquizado, a presença de três ou mais filhos (OR=2,94(IC=1,28-6,77); p=0,009) e a história de DST(OR=2,55 (IC=1,13-5,77); p=0,02) permaneceram significativamente associados ao desfecho estudado. Nesta análise, o fato da mulher não possuir água encanada dentro de casa mostrou uma tendência de associação com a ocorrência de aborto espontâneo (OR=4,01 (IC=0,85-18,87); p=0,08). Não foi observada associação significativa entre o local de moradia nas proximidades do parque industrial e o desfecho investigado. Além desta análise, este estudo também mostrou dados importantes sobre a saúde reprodutiva dessas mulheres: 51,2% (E) e 40,6% (NE) das mulheres tiveram a primeira gestação entre 12 e 19 anos (n=412); 30,5% possuíam três ou mais filhos (n=393); 13,6% (E) e 8,3% (NE) das mulheres que não menstruavam era devido à menopausa precoce (n=80); 72,7% utilizavam algum método contraceptivo (n=513), sendo 52,3% de pílula e 23,6% de laqueadura (n=373); 56,0% das esterilizações ocorreram entre 19 e 30 anos (n=75); 39,5% nunca realizaram preventivo de câncer uterino (n=565). Quanto à influência da exposição ambiental sobre o desfecho estudado, sugerimos a realização de outros estudos com o uso de biomarcadores, para identificar uma possível influência do ambiente sobre a saúde reprodutiva nessa população ou para afastar definitivamente essa suspeita. Os resultados desse estudo poderão subsidiar novas políticas de saúde, relacionadas com a saúde da mulher neste município. Contribuirão também para uma nova prática assistencial dos profissionais de enfermagem/saúde, onde a questão ambiental seja levada em consideração e priorizada a educação em saúde, sobretudo com relação às questões que se referem aos resultados encontrados.
With the intention of contributing for the knowledge of risks of environmental exposure and the influence of other factors on health, this cross-section study hás been done, with women in fertile age (15-49 years)living in communities close to the industrial district in the city of Rio Grande/RS, being identified the prevalence of spontaneous abortion and the factors related to this result. The sample involved 565 women, all living in the areas considered as exposed(E) and non exposed (NE), according to the distance of the industrial district and the analysis of the map of winds in the city. 285 women of the E area were interviewed as well as 280 from the NE area. For the evaluation of risk factors, a questionnaire was applied, which involved the socioeconomic conditions, environmental factors and housing conditions, the previous reproductive history and sicknesses. In order to analyse the data collected the qui-squared test and thenon-conditioned logistic regression were used. Among the interviewed women who have already given birth (n=412) 17,7% referred occurrence of spontaneous abortion. In the bivaried analysis it was noticed that the result studied showed significative association with the age of the first menstruation, presenting itself as a protection factor (OR=0,26 (IC=0,11- 0,55); p=0,0008) the age of the first menstruation between 11 and 13 years of age. The number of children also presented association with the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, presnting an increase of risk for three or more children (OR=4,00 (IC=1,86-8,58); p=0,001). The history of sexually transmissible disease (STD) also presented a tendency to signification (OR=2,01 (IC=0,97-4,15); p=0,06). After adjusting with the variables of the hierarchized theoretical model, the presence of three or more children (OR=2,94 (IC=1,28-6,77); p=0,009) and the history of STD (OR=2,55 (IC=1,13-5,77); p=0,02) remained significantly associated to the result studied. In this analysis, the fact that the woman does not have canalized water at home showed a tendency of association with the occurrence of spontaneous abortion (OR=4,01 (IC=0,85-18,87); p=0,08). It was not observed a significative association between the place of residence close to the industrial district and the result investigated. Besides this analysis, this study hás also shown important data about the the reproductive health of these women: 51,2% (E) and 40,6% (NE) of the women had their first pregnancy between 12 and 19 years of age (n=412); 30,5% had three or more children (n=393); 13,6% (E) and 8,3% (NE) of the women who did not menstruate was due to the precocious menopause (n=80); 72,7% used some kind of contraceptive method (n=513), being 52,3% the pill and 23,6% the ligature (n=373); 56,0% of the sterilizations took place when they were between 19 and 30 years of age (n=75); 39,5% have never done any preventive exam of uterine cancer(n=565). In terms of the influence of the environmental exposure on the result studied, we suggest that other studeis are done with the usage of biomarkers, in order to identify a possible influence of the environment on the reproductive health of this population or to definitely put away this suspicion. The results of this study may give a subsidy to new policies on health, related to the health of the women in this city. This will also contribute for a new assistance practice of the professionals of nursing / health, where the environmental matter will be taken into consideration and made a priority for the education in health, specially in which it relates to questions referring to the results found.
Con la intención de contribuir al conocimiento de los riesgos de la exposición ambiental y la influencia de otros factores sobre la salud, se realizó este estudio transversal, con mujeres en edad fértil (15-49 años) residentes en las comunidades cercanas al parque industrial de la ciudad de Rio Grande/RS, siendo identificado la prevalencia de abortos espontáneos y los factores relacionados a este desenlace. La muestra comprendió 565 mujeres, residentes en las áreas consideradas expuestas (E) y no expuesta (NE), de acuerdo con la distancia del parque industrial y el análisis del mapa de los vientos de la ciudad. Fueron entrevistadas 285 mujeres del área E y 280 del área NE. Para evaluación de los factores de riesgo, fue aplicado un cuestionario, lo cual contemplaba las condiciones socioeconómicas, factores ambientales y condiciones de vivienda, la historia reproductiva previa y morbilidades. Para análisis de los datos fueron utilizados el test Qui-cuadrado y regresión logística no condicionada. De las mujeres entrevistadas que ya gestaron (n=412) 17,7% refirieron ocurrencia de aborto espontáneo. En el análisis bivariado se verificó que el desenlace estudiado mostró asociación significativa con edad de la menarquia, presentándose como factor de protección (OR=0,26 (IC=0,11-0,55); p=0,0008) la edad de la menarquia entre 11 y 13 años. El número de hijos también mostró asociación con la ocurrencia de aborto espontáneo, presentando un aumento del riesgo para tres o más hijos (OR=4,00 (IC=1,86-8,58); p=0,001). La historia de enfermedad transmisible sexualmente (ETS) también presentó tendencia a la significación (OR=2,01 (IC=0,97-4,15); p=0,06). Después de ajuste con las variables del modelo teórico jerarquizado, la presencia de tres o más hijos (OR=2,94 (IC=1,28-6,77); p=0,009) y la historia de ETS (OR=2,55 (IC1,13-5,77); p=0,02 permanecieron significativamente asociados al desenlace estudiado. En este análisis, el factor de la mujer no poseer agua potable dentro de casa mostró una tendencia de asociación con la ocurrencia de aborto espontáneo (OR=4,01(IC=0,85-18,87); p=0,08). No fue observada asociación significativa entre el lugar de vivienda en las proximidades del parque industrial y el desenlace investigado. Además del análisis, este estudio también mostró datos importantes sobre la salud reproductiva de esas mujeres: 51,2% (E) y 40,6% (NE) de las mujeres tuvieron la primera gestación entre 12 y 19 años (n=412); 30,5% poseían tres o más hijos (n=393); 13,6% (E) y 8,3% (NE) de las mujeres que no menstruaban era debido a la menopausia precoz (n=80); 72,7% utilizaban algún método contraceptivo (n=513), siendo 52,3% de píldora y 23,6% de ligadura (n=373); 56,0% de las esterilizaciones ocurrieron entre 19 y 30 años (n=75);39,5% nunca realizaron preventivo de cáncer uterino (n=565). Con relación a la influencia de la exposición ambiental sobre el desenlace estudiado, sugerimos la realización de otros estudios con uso de biomarcadores, para identificar una posible influencia del ambiente sobre la salud reproductiva en esa población o para alejar definitivamente esa sospecha. Los resultados de ese estudio podrán subsidiar nuevas políticas de salud, relacionadas con la salud de la mujer en esta ciudad. Contribuirán también para una nueva práctica asistencial de los profesionales de enfermería/salud, en la que la cuestión ambiental sea considerada y priorizada la educación en salud, sobretodo con relación a las cuestiones que se refieren a los resultados encontrados.
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Giusti, Kelma Cordeiro da Silva. "Associação entre polimorfismos em genes relacionados ao metabolismo de folato (RFC1, GCP2, MTHFR e MTHFD1) e alterações nas concentrações de folato, cobalamina e homocisteína em mulheres com história de abortos espontâneos recorrentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-08032013-115754/.
Full textAbstract:
O aborto espontâneo recorrente (AER) é caracterizado pela ocorrência de três ou mais abortos consecutivos e acomete 2-4% das mulheres em idade fértil. A etiologia está associada a vários fatores de risco, tais como anomalias uterinas, aberrações cromossômicas, autoimunidade, trombofilias, elevação na concentração de homocisteína (tHcy), porém cerca de 40% dos casos permanece sem causa definida. O metabolismo de unidades de carbono desempenha papel fundamental na disponibilidade de folato na célula, sendo essencial para o desenvolvimento placentário e fetal. Deficiência de vitaminas que regulam este metabolismo, como o ácido fólico, e polimorfismos em genes que codificam enzimas relacionadas ao metabolismo de folato (MTHFR, RFC1, GCP2 e MTHFD1) podem levar à redução das concentrações desta vitamina e ao aumento das concentrações de tHcy. Objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre polimorfismos em genes relacionados ao metabolismo do folato (RFC1, GCP2, MTHFR e MTHFD1) e o risco de se ter AER, bem como avaliar a associação entre estes polimorfismos e as alterações nas concetranções de folato, cobalamina e homocisteína. Foram constituídos três grupos: AER primário: 117 mulheres com AER e nenhum feto viável; AER secundário: 139 mulheres com AER e pelo menos um feto viável; e Controle: 264 mulheres sem história de aborto espontâneo. Nenhuma das mulheres estava grávida no momento da coleta do sangue. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para dosagens bioquímicas (folato, Cbl, tHcy, entre outras), imunológicas e extração de DNA genômico. As genotipagens foram feitas por PCR-RFLP ou PCR em tempo real. As concentrações séricas de folato e Cbl foram maiores no AER primário e secundário (p<0,05). A distribuição dos genótipos de todos os polimorfismos foi semelhante nos três grupos. O aumento nas concentrações de folato sérico (OR: 1,05, 95% IC: 1,03 - 1,07, p<0,001), Cbl (OR: 1,00, 95% IC: 1,00 - 1,00, p= 0,016), tHcy (OR: 1,03, 95% IC: 0,97 - 1,11, p= 0,033) e T4 (OR: 1,02, 95% IC: 1,00 - 1,03, p= 0,006) e a presença de FAN reagente (1:160) (OR: 2,90, 95% IC: 1,25 - 6,75, p= 0,013) foram considerados fatores de risco para aborto primário. Para o aborto secundário, foram considerados fatores de risco o aumento nas concentrações de folato sérico (OR: 1,04, 95% IC: 1,02 - 1,05, p<0,001), Cbl (OR: 1,00, 95% IC: 1,00 - 1,00, p= 0,019) e tHcy (OR: 1,05, 95% IC: 1,00 - 1,09, p= 0,039), maiores idades (OR: 1,02, 95% IC: 0,98 - 1,06, p= 0,031), hábito de fumar (OR: 2,54, 95% IC: 1,41 - 4,60, p= 0,002) e ter maior IMC (OR:1,42, 95% IC: 1,07 - 1,88, p= 0,015). Os polimorfismos estudados não foram associados ao maior risco de se ter AER, quando analisados isoladamente, e também não foram associados a alterações nas concentrações séricas de folato, Cbl e tHcy, com exceção do genótipo MTHFR 677TT, cujas portadoras apresentaram maior concentração de tHcy, quando comparadas com as portadoras de genótipos 677CC e 677CT nos três grupos. As variáveis concentrações de folato, Cbl, tHcy e T4 e presença de FAN reagente foram associadas ao maior risco de se ter aborto primário. As variáveis idade, IMC, tabagismo, concentrações de folato, Cbl e tHcy foram associadas ao maior risco de aborto secundário.The recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is characterized by the occurrence of three or more consecutive miscarriages and affects 2-4% of women of childbearing age. The etiology is associated with several risk factors such as uterine abnormalities, chromosomal aberrations, autoimmunity, thrombophilia, increased concentration of homocysteine (tHcy). About 40% of cases remains unknown cause. The units of carbon metabolism plays an essential role in the availability of the cell folate, is essential for the placental and fetal development. A deficiency of the vitamins that regulate this metabolism, like folic acid, and polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes related to folate metabolism (MTHFR, RFC1, and GCP2 MTHFD1) may lead to decreased concentrations of this vitamin and increased concentrations of tHcy. Objective was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in genes related to folate metabolism (RFC1, GCP2, MTHFD1 and MTHFR) and the risk of having AER, and to evaluate the association between these polymorphisms and changes in concetranções folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine. Three groups were divided: AER primary: 117 women with RSA and no viable fetus, AER secondary: 139 women with RSA and at least one viable fetus and Control: 264 women with no history of miscarriage. None of the women was pregnant at time of blood collection. Blood samples were taken for biochemical (folate, Cbl, tHcy, etc.), immunological and genomic DNA extraction. The genotyping were carried out by PCR-RFLP or real time PCR. Serum concentrations of folate and Cbl were higher in groups 1 and 2 (p <0.05). The distribution of genotypes of MTHFR c.677C> T, MTHFR c.1298A> C, MTHFD1 c.1958G> A, RFC1 c.80G>GCP2 A and c.1561C> T was similar among the three groups. The increased concentrations of serum folate (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.07, p <0.001), Cbl (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.00, p = 0.016), tHcy (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.11, p = 0.033) and T4 (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03, p = 0.006) and the presence of ANA (1:160) (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.25 - 6.75, p = 0.013) were considered risk factors primary for abortion. For secondary abortion, were considered risk factors increased the concentrations of serum folate (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.05, p <0.001), cobalamin (OR: 1.00, 95 % CI: 1.00 to 1.00, p = 0.019) and tHcy (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.09, p = 0.039), higher age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.06, p = 0.031), cigarette smoking (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.41 to 4.60, p = 0.002) and had a higher BMI (OR : 1,42,95% CI: 1.07 to 1.88, p = 0.015). The studied polymorphisms were not associated with increased risk of having RSA when analyzed separately, and were not associated with changes in serum folate, Cbl and tHcy, with the exception of the MTHFR 677TT genotype, whose patients had a higher concentration of total tHcy compared with those with 677CC and 677CT genotypes in the three groups. The variable concentrations of folate, Cbl, tHcy, and T4, presence of ANA and have been associated with increased risk for miscarriage primary. The variables age, BMI, smoking, concentrations of folate, Cbl and tHcy were associated with increased risk of secondary miscarriage.
Books on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Stabile, Isabel, J. G. Grudzinskas, and T. Chard, eds. Spontaneous Abortion. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0.
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J, Bennett M., and Edmonds D. Keith, eds. Spontaneous and recurrent abortion. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.
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1957-, Stabile Isabel, Grudzinskas J. G, and Chard T, eds. Spontaneous abortion: Diagnosis and treatment. London: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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MacLean, Marjory Anne. Immunological differences in normal pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and recurrent abortion. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.
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Pastoral care in pregnancy loss: A ministry long needed. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press, 1997.
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Jennie, Kline, and Health Effects Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.), eds. The Role of spontaneous abortion studies in environmental research. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agecy, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1985.
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Vesco, Silvia. Spontanea maestria. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-426-4.
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The appearance of Dr Vesco’s translation and study of Hokusai’s Ryakuga haya oshie, together with a full reproduction of the original book, is a matter of great excitement in the field of Japanese Studies. Hokusai has been known in Europe and North America for some 150 years. In his own country, he came to public attention about 1800, with youthful work produced under the name of Shunrô. He lived to the advanced age of 88, and when he died in 1849, he was one of the best-known artists in Japan. He was soon to be the best-known Japanese artist in the West, a status that he probably still holds. ‘Under the Great Wave off Kanagawa’ – often referred to simply as ‘Hokusai’s Great Wave’ (from the Thirty-six View of Mt Fuji) – is said to be the most immediately-recognisable piece of graphic design worldwide. Hokusai was a townsman living in a socially stratified society. He was not a member of the elite, though other famous artists were. He did neither depict elite topics, nor work for elite clients. Rather, Hokusai associated with the ‘Floating World’ (ukiyo) that is Edo’s leisure-time distractions. He also made views of his city, its surroundings, and the wider Japanese countryside, but he was not a great traveller, other than in his mind. Rather unrecognised is what Dr Vesco now brings to our attention. Hokusai saw his role as promoting the practice of art. Of course, he had his students, but as we see here, Hokusai also published out-reach volumes, aimed at introducing the joys of picture-making to amateurs who were not being formally instructed. The lessons were easy to follow, and also fun, as he reduced people animals and plants to basic shapes and formulae. Starting with the auspicious subject of Tang lions (kara shishi), Hokusai leads us through a range of topics, down to the demotic, such as clothes washing. Readers today will certainly find a smile crossing their face as they look through the pictures. Thanks to Dr Vesco’s careful translations, we can also understand the advice and commentaries supplied in Hokusai’s accompanying texts. An additional feature of Dr Vesco’s work will be of assistance to more specialist readers, as she has transcribed the original Japanese. This was no simple task, as it is written in abbreviated calligraphy (kuzushiji). At all levels, readers, art enthusiasts and those who love to create pictures will now have access to Hokusai’s most important study aid. We can delve into it, copy from, and chuckle at, just as people did when the volumes first appeared. Western readers might ponder something else: Ryakuga haya oshie appeared in 1812, as European countries were tearing themselves apart.
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Moulder, Christine. Understanding pregnancy loss: Perspectives and issues in care. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1998.
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Regan, Lesley. Miscarriage: What every woman needs to know : a positive new approach. London: Bloomsbury, 1997.
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Coping with miscarriage: A simple, reassuring guide to emotional and physical healing. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Vaquero, Elena, Natalia Lazzarin, Giuseppe Di Pierro, and Domenico Arduini. "Aborto spontaneo ricorrente: nuovi sviluppi Patogenetici, diagnostici e terapeutici." In Medicina dell’età prenatale, 267–93. Milano: Springer Milan, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0688-1_15.
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Stabile, Isabel, J. G. Grudzinskas, and T. Chard. "Definitions and Clinical Presentation." In Spontaneous Abortion, 1–7. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_1.
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Griffith-Jones, M. D., and R. J. Lilford. "Abortion Following Invasive Diagnostic Procedures in the First Trimester." In Spontaneous Abortion, 149–58. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_10.
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Stabile, Isabel. "Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy." In Spontaneous Abortion, 159–82. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_11.
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Macnaughton, M. "Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Abortion." In Spontaneous Abortion, 183–92. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_12.
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Lower, A. M., and J. G. Grudzinskas. "Endocrine Treatment in the Prevention and Management of Spontaneous Abortion." In Spontaneous Abortion, 193–202. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_13.
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Billington, W. D. "Immunotherapy of Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage." In Spontaneous Abortion, 203–18. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_14.
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Alberman, Eva. "Spontaneous Abortions: Epidemiology." In Spontaneous Abortion, 9–20. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_2.
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Simpson, J. L. "Aetiology of Pregnancy Failure." In Spontaneous Abortion, 21–47. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_3.
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Fox, H. "Pathology of Spontaneous Abortion." In Spontaneous Abortion, 49–62. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1918-0_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Abdelkbir, Amina, Imen Bouassida, Sarra Zairi, Hazem Zribi, Amani Ben Mansour, Aida Ayadi, Amira Dridi, and Adel Marghli. "The spontaneous pneumothorax in children : about 30 cases." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3113.
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Kolben, TM, S. Meister, E. Rogatsch, A. Vattai, A. Hester, C. Kuhn, E. Schmoeckel, S. Mahner, U. Jeschke, and T. Kolben. "Die Expression von PPARγ in trophoblastärem Gewebe spontaner und habitueller Aborte im Vergleich zu gesunden Schwangerschaften." In Abstracts zum Kongress 2019 der Bayerischen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde (BGGF) und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693874.
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Li Zhou, Chuanhua Wen, and Ran Zha. "About influence of the spontaneous emission on the bistability of the VCSOA." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988485.
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Bühring, Juliana, Sergio Henrique Oliveira dos Santos, Domingos Sávio Nunes de Lima, and Bárbara Seabra Carneiro. "SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN PREGNANCIES OF MOTHERS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.16906.
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Rogatsch, EJ, T. Kolben, TM Kolben, C. Kuhn, S. Mahner, and U. Jeschke. "Dysbalance der PPARγ-Expression in Makrophagen und im extravillösen Trophoblasten von Plazenten bei rezidivierenden und spontanen Aborten." In Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG) gemeinsam mit der Bayerischen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde e.V (BGGF). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602275.
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Myers, Kristin M., Anastassia Paskaleva, Michael House, and Simona Socrate. "The Anisotropy and Tension/Compression Behavior of Human Cervical Tissue." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176553.
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The cervix plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, acting as a mechanical barrier to hold the fetus inside the uterus during gestation. Altered mechanical properties of the cervical tissue are suspected to play an important role in spontaneous preterm birth. However, not much is known about the mechanical properties of human cervical tissue and the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth.
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Ribeiro, L. A., S. F. Quirino, A. O. Toledo, L. C. Barbosa, O. Lisboa, and J. U. Arruda. "Spontaneous Raman Scattering in Optical Fiber: Experimental Measurement." In Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/wsof.2008.ps159.
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Fiber sensors are the state of the art in distributed sensors. The basic effects for distributed sensors of temperature and strain are related with nonlinear optics. However, the development of this equipment require a well established knowledge about the characteristics effects involved and how they change the spectral distribution of the light: its intensity and frequency; in this way the work shows up spontaneous Raman measurement in optical fiber and discuss its mainly characteristics. The measurements were taken with a 1319 nm wavelength from a Nd-YAG CW laser coupled in a 2,7 km monomode optical fiber. Several spectrum were taken in the range of 20 mW till 100 mW, also the ratio power output/power input was observed in that range. The Raman shift measured in this experiment, about 12 THz, is in a good agreement with the literature. Raman peaks were observed only in the 20mW - 90mW range, it has been observed that the higher the power input, the lower is the spontaneous Raman peaks intensity, and at 100 mW it vanishes completely. The power ratio analyses shows the power transmission loss; it is discussed the pump depletion due to nonlinear backscattering and the Raman beam depletion for higher power input values are also discussed.
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Bessac, Mariette, and Geneviève Caelen-Haumont. "Spontaneous dialogue: some results about the F0 predictions of a pragmatic model of information processing." In 5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1997). ISCA: ISCA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-268.
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McCall, S. L. "Spontaneous emission and mode descriptions for very small semiconductor lasers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thbb.2.
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Several designs for very small semiconductor lasers have been demonstrated. Some structures, e.g. microdisk lasers, have dimensions approximately a wavelength and, consequently, the spacing between modes is about the spectral width of gain. The spectral shape of a mode may be modified from a Lorentzian shape.
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Laden Hammoud, Shema El, Gabrielle Gruppelli Good, André Luiz Cristani Bizetto, and Anderson Matsubara. "Dissecção espontânea da artéria carótida em jovem: Um artigo de revisão." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.211.
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Background: Spontaneous dissection of the carotid artery is a significant cause of stroke in young people, and may be the etiology of up to 25% of ischemic strokes in this age group. Understanding the causes and clinical parameters about the disease is essential, since the perception of signs and symptoms that anticipate a cerebrovascular accident is an important prognostic factor. Objectives: Expand knowledge about the clinical and etiological mechanisms of spontaneous carotid dissection, in addition to the possibilities of diagnostic tools, providing an early approach to the disease. Methods: The study was carried out through the selection of scientific articles of systematic review on pathology, published in journals stored in the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED and Google Scholar website. Results: The pathology is associated with several factors, including systemic arterial hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody syndromes, mild cervical trauma and genetic alterations. Acute ipsilateral pain to the neck, associated with unilateral throbbing headache, was the most reported symptom. Conclusions: The perception of symptoms anticipating a cerebrovascular accident is essential to prevent secondary injuries. Although digital angiography is the gold standard test, MRI angiography and color Doppler ultrasound have been increasingly used during the acute phase of spontaneous carotid dissections.
Reports on the topic "Aborto spontaneo"
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Chang, Arturo, Thomas Ferguson, Jacob Rothschild, and Benjamin I. Page. Ambivalence About International Trade in Open- and Closed-ended Survey Responses. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp162.
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Spontaneous, open-ended survey responses can sometimes better reveal what is actually on people’s minds than small sets of forced-choice, closed questions. Our analysis of closed questions and trade-related open-ended responses to 2016 ANES “likes” and “dislikes” prompts indicate that Americans held considerably more complex, more ambivalent, and – in many cases – more negative views of international trade than has been apparent in studies that focus only on closed-ended responses. This paper suggests that contrast between open- and closed-question data may help explain why the effectiveness of Donald Trump’s appeals to trade resentments surprised many observers.
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Ni, Jiachun, Qiong Jiang, Gang Mao, Yi Yang, Qin Wei, Changcheng Hou, Xiangdong Yang, Wenbin Fan, and Zengjin Cai. The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0091.
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Review question / Objective: Is acupuncture a safe and effective therapy for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease? Our aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with PD and give guidance to future research direction. Condition being studied: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent degenerative disease of nervous system characterized mainly by static tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia, postural gait disorders and other non-motor symptoms. According to variations on race, ethnicity, age and sex, the incidence of PD ranges from 8 to 20.5 per 100, 000 individuals annually. One global research shows that there were 6.1 million individuals suffer from PD in 2016 and will be 12 million patients around the world. According to several outcomes of case-control studies, the prevalence of constipation in PD varies from 28% to 61%. Constipation, as a common gastrointestinal disease which refers to the clinical presentation of reduced spontaneous complete bowel movement, dyschezia, feeling of incomplete defecation and outlet obstruction, is demonstrated to antedate the motor symptom and it's severity is related to the progression of PD. Acupuncture has been proved to act on the pathogenesis of constipation associated with PD. The proposed systematic review we're about to present is the first advanced evidence-based medical evidence in this area.
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.
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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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Syvash, Kateryna. AUDIENCE FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF PARASOCIAL COMMUNICATION WITH SCREEN MEDIA-PERSONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11062.
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Parasocial communication is defined as an illusory and one-sided interaction between the viewer and the media person, which is analogous to interpersonal communication. Among the classic media, television has the greatest potential for such interaction through a combination of audio and visual series and a wide range of television content – from newscasts to talent shows. Viewers’ reaction to this product can be seen as a defining element of parasociality and directly affect the popularity of a media person and the ratings of the TV channel. In this article we will consider feedback as part of parasocial communication and describe ways to express it in times of media transformations. The psychological interaction «media person – viewer» had been the focus of research by both psychologists and media experts for over 60 years. During the study, scientists described the predictors, functions, manifestations and possible consequences of paracommunication. One of the key elements of the formed parasocial connections is the real audience reaction. Our goal is to conceptualize the concept of feedback in the paradigm of parasocial communication and describe the main types of reactions to the media person in long-term parasocial relationships. The research focuses on the ways in which the viewer’s feedback on the television media person is expressed, bypassing the issue of classifying the audience’s feedback as «positive» and «negative». For this purpose, more than 20 interdisciplinary scientific works on the issue of parasocial interaction were analyzed and their generalization was carried out. Based on previous research, the types and methods of feedback in the television context are separated. With successful parasocial interaction, the viewer can react in different ways to the media person. The type of feedback will directly depend on the strength of the already established communication with the media person. We distinguish seven types of feedback and divide them into those that occur during or after a television show; those that are spontaneous or planned; aimed directly at the media person or third parties. We offer the following types of feedback from TV viewers: «talking to the TV»; telling about the experience of parasocial communication to others; following on social networks; likes and comments; imitation of behavior and appearance; purchase of recommended brands; fanart.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Estimating costs of post-abortion services. General Hospital Aurelia Valdivieso, Oaxaca, Mexico. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1011.
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Health care systems around the world are facing problems providing quality care with increasingly constrained resources. While modern practices and diagnostic tests have made pregnancy a much less risky event than in the past, not all pregnancies have a favorable outcome. Spontaneous abortion occurs in 15–45% of all known pregnancies, and studies show that 25% of all obstetric/gynecology hospital admissions are for incomplete abortion. Given the high level of resources devoted to treating this condition, it is imperative to develop cost-effective methodologies to provide quality care. Unsafe abortion performed by untrained and inexperienced providers is the fourth leading cause of maternal mortality in Mexico. Strengthening the capacity of health care institutions to provide high-quality post-abortion care services that are cost-effective, accessible, and sustainable is a major public health objective. To improve its service-delivery model, the Aurelio Valdivieso General Hospital in Oaxaca implemented a redesigned service model for women seeking care for incomplete abortion. The study detailed in this report assesses the cost and quality implications of this new service model.
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Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family planning services in Kenya: What works best? Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1018.
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Unsafe abortion constitutes a major public health problem throughout the world, leading to high levels of maternal morbidity and mortality. Abortion accounts for roughly one-third of maternal mortality in the world. Millions of other women experience short- and long-term morbidity, such as infertility and pain. The concept of postabortion care (PAC) has gained wide acceptance as a means to improve services provided to women with complications from spontaneous or unsafely induced abortions. One way to improve emergency treatment is through introducing manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), which has been shown to be safer and less costly than dilation and curettage (D&C). Providing the second element, postabortion family planning, will enable women to avoid unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. A study to test different ways of providing improved PAC services has been conducted by the Population Council’s Africa Operations Research and Technical Assistance Project II in collaboration with the Kenyan Ministry of Health and Ipas. As stated in this report, the study focused primarily on the first two components of PAC: improving emergency treatment through introducing or upgrading MVA services and comparing three models of postabortion family planning provision.
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Voices of vulnerable and underserved adolescents in Guatemala: A summary of the qualitative study 'Understanding the lives of indigenous young people in Guatemala'. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1011.
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Governments in developing countries recognize the need for appropriate technology for the treatment of emergencies from incomplete abortion or miscarriage. Numerous studies have investigated the appropriateness of an integrated model of postabortion care (PAC) that includes three essential elements: emergency treatment for spontaneous or induced abortion; counseling and family planning services; and links to other reproductive health services. Many integrated PAC services include replacement of the conventional clinical treatment, sharp curettage (SC), with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA). In 1997 and 1999 the Population Council supported intervention studies in Mexico and Bolivia, respectively, to assess PAC programs in terms of safety, effectiveness, quality of care, cost, and subsequent contraceptive use by clients. Both interventions introduced integrated PAC services and compared the outcomes of MVA and SC use in large public hospitals. To assess changes in service quality and costs, researchers analyzed clinical records and interviewed clients and providers before and after the interventions. As noted in this summary, SC and MVA are equally safe and effective and can be provided on an outpatient basis. Integrating clinical treatment with family planning counseling and services increased clients’ knowledge and contraceptive use.
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Bolivia and Mexico: System-wide planning is needed for decentralized postabortion care. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1000.
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Governments in developing countries recognize the need for appropriate technology for the treatment of emergencies from incomplete abortion or miscarriage. Numerous studies have investigated the appropriateness of an integrated model of postabortion care (PAC) that includes three essential elements: emergency treatment for spontaneous or induced abortion; counseling and family planning services; and links to other reproductive health services. Many integrated PAC services include replacement of the conventional clinical treatment, sharp curettage (SC), with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA). In 1997 and 1999 the Population Council supported intervention studies in Mexico and Bolivia, respectively, to assess PAC programs in terms of safety, effectiveness, quality of care, cost, and subsequent contraceptive use by clients. Both interventions introduced integrated PAC services and compared the outcomes of MVA and SC use in large public hospitals. To assess changes in service quality and costs, researchers analyzed clinical records and interviewed clients and providers before and after the interventions. As noted in this summary, SC and MVA are equally safe and effective and can be provided on an outpatient basis. Integrating clinical treatment with family planning counseling and services increased clients’ knowledge and contraceptive use.