Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abortion'
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Makenzius, Micael. "Global and Regional Patterns of Abortion Laws, Abortions and Maternal Mortality." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189339.
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Background: Restrictions on induced abortion varies widely across the globe and so does the rate of induced abortion and maternal mortality (MM). Safe abortions – done by trained providers in hygienic settings and early medical abortions carry fewer health risks and reduce maternal mortality rates (MMR). However, nearly 7 million women in developing countries are treated for complications from unsafe abortions annually, and at least 22,000 die from abortion-related complications every year. Aim: The aim was to explore national and regional patterns of abortion laws, the abortions percentages and the maternal mortality rates (MMR), to see if patterns could be distinguished and how they differentiate to each other. Method: With a shape-file containing polygons representing the world’s countries, and the computer program ArcMap, was used to gather and join data. Result: The result showed that many African countries has a restrictive abortion law, and they also have a high MMR. In the Nordic countries they have a liberalized abortion law and they have low MMR. Another finding is that a restricted abortion law does not correspond to a low percentage of abortions. This is clearly demonstrated in South America, where they have a high abortion percentage, and extremely restricted abortion laws. Conclusion: This result revealed patterns showing that countries with restricted abortion laws, does not contribute to a low MMR, and restricted abortion law does not decrease the percentage of abortions.
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Dumais, Diana L. "Talking about abortion a qualitative examination of women's abortion experiences /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1437627.
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Lee, Eleanor Jane. "Psychologising abortion : psychology and the construction of post abortion trauma." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342131.
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Piccinini, Soemi <1995>. "The abortion right: abortion law and the case of Poland." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19723.
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The dissertation topic is the right to abortion. It will be divided into three chapters which will each focus on different level of the issue. The first one focuses on the practice itself from a more scientific point of view. It will show data about safe and unsafe abortion procedures, specific methods, treatments and contraceptives and lastly it will analyse the current abortion access situation amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The second chapter will examine the legal level. Specifically, it will illustrate the law from an historical and geographical perspective, then it will move to the display of women’s reproductive rights and past judgements that are particularly important. Lastly, the third chapter will target the specific case of Poland which changed the legal ground to obtain an abortion in 2021 following a constitutional court decision. It will do so by examining firstly the parliamentary debate and then the political debate.
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Dias, Tábata Regina Zumpano 1981. "Fatores associados à interrupção voluntária da gestação : Induced abortion: the experience of men and women from Brazil." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311728.
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Orientador: Renato Passini JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T12:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_TabataReginaZumpano_M.pdf: 2287469 bytes, checksum: 960058f223b535a82e398b29d32d89ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Introdução: A interrupção voluntária da gravidez, proibida no Brasil, pode levar a situações de abortamento inseguro, que é reconhecidamente um grave problema de saúde pública. É necessário conhecer as circunstâncias envolvidas nesta situação para que seja possível compreender melhor o contexto em que as mulheres recorrem a um abortamento, bem como identificar subgrupos com necessidades especiais de atendimento pelos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar alguns fatores sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos associados à interrupção voluntária da gestação. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo descritivo analítico de corte transversal envolvendo o envio de um questionário estruturado e pré-testado a 15.800 funcionários de uma entidade pública do Estado de São Paulo. Os questionários preenchidos pelos participantes foram enviados de volta em envelope resposta pré-selado. Foram preenchidos 1660 questionários (11% de taxa de resposta), nos quais houve 296 gestações indesejadas e, destas, 165 terminaram em aborto induzido voluntário. Foram realizadas análises bivariada e multivariada por regressão de Poisson para estudar a associação entre a ocorrência de um aborto quando diante de uma gravidez indesejada com algumas características sociodemográficas selecionadas. Resultados: Um quinto dos participantes relatou vivenciar uma gravidez indesejada anterior, e 55,7% deles recorreram ao abortamento naquela ocasião. As maiores proporções de decisão e realização do abortamento foram encontradas entre os participantes do sexo masculino (62,1%), que tinham de 18 a 24 anos por ocasião da gravidez de sua parceira (62,3%), sem filhos (58,9%), não unidos (61,7%) e entre os respondentes com escolaridade superior (70,3%). A maioria das interrupções foi realizada por um médico e pouco mais de 10% dos participantes relataram ter feito uso do misoprostol. A maioria dos abortos (45%) realizou-se entre 1980 e 1989. Dentre os respondentes que referiram aborto realizado por médico, mais da metade (54%) ocorreram na mesma década (entre 1980 e 1989). Dentre aqueles que fizeram uso de misoprostol, 58% o fizeram entre 1990 e 1999. Os participantes relataram que 22,9% das mulheres que abortaram necessitaram de atendimento médico após o aborto e 16,6% foram internadas após recorrerem ao aborto. Conclusão: Na amostra estudada foi possível verificar que um de cada dois dos respondentes por ocasião de uma gravidez indesejada optou pelo abortamento. Chama atenção que as pessoas tiveram acesso a condições menos inseguras para interromper uma gestação indesejada, ainda que num contexto de ilegalidade dessa prática
Abstract: Introduction: Unsafe abortion is a serious public health problem in Brazil and other countries where it is considered a crime. It's necessary to understand the context of these abortions to approach the issue . Objective: To evaluate some sociodemographic and epidemiological factors associated with induced abortion. Method: Cross-sectional study. A self-responded questionnaire was sent to 15.800 employees of a public organization. 1660 questionnaires were completed. There were 296 unintended pregnancies and 165 induced abortions. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to explore the association between the occurrence of abortion when faced an unintended pregnancy with some sociodemographic characteristics. Findings: One fifth of respondents reported an unintended pregnancy and 55.7% of those respondents resorted to abortion. The highest rates of abortion were found among male participants (62.1%) who were between 18 and 24-years-old at the time of pregnancy (62.3%), childless (58.9%), not united (61.7%) and with a college education (70.3%). Most of the respondent's abortions were performed by a doctor, and 17.8% of participants reported misoprostol use. Medical attention was necessary for 22.9% of these women after abortion and 16.6% were hospitalized. Most abortions (45%) took place between 1980 and 1989, and 54% of respondents who had abortions in this decade resorted to a doctor. Those who used misoprostol, 58% did between 1990 and 1999. Conclusion: In this sample we observed that half of respondents opted for abortion during an unintended pregnancy. It is noteworthy that people had access to fewer unsafe conditions for stopping an unintended pregnancy, even in the context of illegal practice
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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Freeman, Angelina Rachel. "Abortion, between my body and I : three women's stories of abortion /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arf854.pdf.
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Hansjee, Jateen. "Abortion as disruption: discourses surrounding abortion in the talk of men." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002493.
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This research examines men’s talk around abortion using critical discourse analysis. Current literature indicates a dearth of studies addressing the topic of men and abortion in various domains. An understanding of men’s relationship to abortion, however, is crucial to understanding abortion as a social phenomenon. This study utilises the work of Foucault around discourse and power, as well as Butler’s work on gender to create a theoretical framework to approach data. Data were collected in the form of interview groups made up of men, as well as newspaper articles and on-line forum discussions that featured men as the author. What emerged from theses texts was a ‘Familial Discourse’ which posits the nuclear, heterosexual family as a long term relationship between a mother and father, which forms the ideal site to raise children. Discourses that support the family are a discourse of ‘Equal Partnership’ which establishes the man and the woman as being in a heterosexual relationship where each partner is seen to have equal power, and a discourse of ‘Foetal Personhood’ which constructs the foetus as a child in need of a family. Related to the heterosexual matrix, the formation of a family unit comes to be constructed as ‘natural’. Abortion acts as a disruptor to these discourses. By disrupting the formation of the family unit, abortion negatively affects the individuals involved. A relationship where a formation of a family unit was disrupted cannot survive. If the female partner has an abortion without her partner, it is seen as disrupting the equal partnership between the man and the woman. Men in this case see themselves as ‘powerless’ compared to women. From this point a ‘New Man’ discourse emerges, where men position themselves as loving and responsible in the context of a nuclear, heterosexual family unit. Abortion disrupts ‘Foetal Personhood’ and is constructed as murder. In the case of rape the ‘Familial Discourse’ can be invoked either to justify abortion or resist abortion, based on whether or not a family unit can be formed. These discourses reproduce patriarchy.
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Innocenti, Paola. "Chemical abortion in Italy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/11762.
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In Italy, the “traditional” form of family revaluated by fascist dogma is one of the pillars of the society. Women have a central role to maintain, protect and support this form of family. Many Italian women, the State, the media and the Church, all act to safeguard this reality, seeking to remove all obstacles that can challenge the family. Abortion is considered as one of these obstacles and it has been a much debated topic in Italy over the years. Abortion was made legal in Italy in 1978 with a widely discussed law. The Italian Abortion Act, despite being the object of debates, critics and two referenda supported by all Parliamentary factions, has never been modified. In 2002, with the introduction of RU 486 at the Sant’Anna of Turin all debates about abortion started up again accompanied by a strong opposition to the implementation of the drug. The purpose of this study is to better understand the social definition of the female condition in Italy analysing the obstacles to the implementation of chemical abortion in Italy. In order to evaluate the role of both the Italian Government and society in obstructing the introduction of RU 486 in Italy, historical and secondary sociological data were collected and a series of interviews and a participant observation in a selection of Italian hospitals were conducted. A comparative study between Italy and the UK was also conducted. The results of this study seem to prove how the majority of Italian women, in opposition to feminist theory, prioritize family, femininity and maternity, considering career as necessary mainly from an economic point of view. Abortion is now considered by the young generation as something avoidable and no longer associated with women’s right to choose or as an expression of “self-determination”. This strong “traditionalistic” attitude seems to be caused by the inability of the Italian State to implement its laws and by the direct and indirect influence of the Catholic Church.
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Hunt, Katrina. "Abortion : the male perspective." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532577.
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Despite the high public profile of abortion, and the fact that men play a shared role in the creation of any pregnancy, men have been accorded little visibility in research, debates and the media in relation to abortion. This study argues the importance of conducting research with men in relation to (1) the decision-making process to have an abortion, (2) the male role and the provision of support, (3) the psychological responses of men involved in an abortion and (4) the positioning of men with regard to the moral aspects of abortion. A further research aim was to explore how men involved in abortion speak about responsibility in relation to contraception. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight men ranging in age from 25-34 yrs, whose respective partners / ex-partners had undergone a legal abortion for reasons other than foetal abnormality within the last eight years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed as the primary method of analysis, while Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was used to address the research aim regarding contraception. The main findings were that in the decision-making process to have an abortion the men experienced feelings of powerlessness, compounded by ineffective communication with their partners. The men tended to feel that they lacked a role in relation to abortion and they appeared somewhat uncomfortable within a support role. There were both positive and negative responses to the abortion, including feeling relief, becoming more responsible, being wary of future relationships and feeling shame. The men appeared to attempt to distance themselves from thinking about the moral aspects of abortion. Finally, men's cultural positioning in relation to contraception (as not responsible and marginalised) was very apparent in their talk about contraception in the context of abortion. The importance of placing psychological research within the social context was discussed and the results suggested that the male participants' experiences of abortion were strongly influenced by dominant societal discourses about men and women. It was argued that abortion is a topic that challenges the traditional gender roles. The possible implications of the research, alongside a continued increase in the visibility of men in relation to abortion, were discussed regarding men's and women's experiences of abortion, further research, service provision and social policy.
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Cica, Natasha. "Abortion law in Australia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621215.
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Phillips, Elizabeth. "Abortion and the ethics of American Christianity." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Brauning, Wayne Frank. "Men and abortion a search for understanding and recovery /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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E, Qinyu. "Creating Demand for Abortion Service: A Content Analysis of Chinese Television Abortion Advertisements." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437658749.
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Silva, Rebeca de Souza e. "Aborto provocado: sua incidência e características; um estudo com mulheres em idade fértil (15 a 49 anos), residentes no subdistrito de Vila Madalena." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-10012018-113749/.
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O conhecimento da incidência e das características do aborto provocado, sobretudo o ilegal, é de grande interesse tanto para a Saúde Pública, como para a Demografia. Não obstante, poucos são os estudos na América Latina e no Brasil, que se propõem a investigar sua ocorrência. Ocorre que a conotação de \"crime\", que lhe é atribuída, dificulta sobremaneira sua abordagem. A presente pesquisa foi realizada entre 2.000 mulheres em idade fértil - 15 a 49 anos -, residentes no sub-distrito de Vila Madalena, São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo central de aprofundar o conhecimento do aborto provocado, relacionando-o a variáveis sociais, econômicas e demográficas, reconhecidamente ligados à sua ocorrência, e, especialmente à fecundidade. Em caráter experimental, utilizou-se a Técnica de Resposta ao Azar (TRA) que, segundo a literatura internacional, propicia a obtenção de informação mais fidedigna. A avaliação da viabilidade deta técnica é outro objetivo da pesquisa. Pela TRA pôde-se estimar que 41 em cada 1.000 mulheres, provocaram um aborto em 1987, enquanto apenas 8 em 1000 mulheres admitiram, por abordagem direta, terem provocado um aborto nesse período. Os resultados confirmam, por um lado, omissões voluntárias de informação e, por outro, a conveniência de se trabalhar com a TRA. A análise de diferenciais dos abortos ocorridos no transcorrer da vida reprodutiva, identificou as não casadas, as sem nascidos vivos, as com menor nascimentos que o desejado, as que possuem entre 15 e 19 anos de idade, as que verbalizaram aceitar a prática do aborto provocado em qualquer circunstância, como sendo as categorias de mulheres que ao engravidarem, recorrem com maior intensidade ao abortamento provocado. Mediante o estabelecimento de paralelismos entre TRA e abordagem direta, pôde-se evidenciar que as mulheres que mais omitem informação são, em geral, as que mais abortam. A elaboração dos modelos multivariados, por sua vez, permitiu evidenciar que, não possuir restrições à prática do aborto e não ser casada, são potenciais fatores de risco. Ao que tudo indica, enquanto as mulheres não casadas, particularmente as solteiras, recorrem ao aborto para se livrarem de uma gravidez indesejada, as casadas o buscam para manter o número de filhos dentro dos limites desejados ou para espaçar um nascimento de outro. Há razões para se suspeitar que a prática do aborto se intensificará em nosso meio, num futuro próximo. Ao que parece, nem a renda familiar nem a escolaridade, intervêem na opção da mulher pelo aborto. Enfim, apesar das dificuldades existentes em se trabalhar o tema aborto, os resultados conseguidos nesta pesquisa, deste ponto de vista, superaram a expectativa, fundamentalmente, em função do sucesso da TRA.The incidence and associated factors related with illegal induced abort are areas of interest for Public Health and Demography. Nevertheless, there are few studies in Brazil and others countries of Latin America about it. It\' s possible that this omission can be justified by the fact that abort is considered crime in these countries. This study looks toward filling this lack of infonnation. An specific questionnaire was used to get more trustworthy information, the Randomized Response Technic (RRT). The results of this questionnaire were compared with the usual direct way of getting information. Social, economic and demographic variables related with fertility were studied. The studied population was two thousand women between 15 and 49 years old, the fertile period. They live on Vila Madalena, a neighborhood of São Paulo city, Brazil. The estimate incidence of induced abort in 1987 by RRT was 41/1000 women and by the usual direct way was 8/1000 women. This difference justify the use of the RRT in this kind of research. It was observed that women who more omit information, have more history of abort. The univariate analyses identified the following associated factors with induced abort: not married, without lifeborn children, age between 15 and 19 years old, those who accept the practice of induced abmt in any circumstance, and women with less children then desired. At the multivariate analyses, it remained in the model the following factors: not married and accept the practice of induced abort in any circumstance. Family income and schoollevel were not associated with induced abort in this studied population. The results are coherent with what it\'s expected and they demonstrate the value of the RRT questionnaire.
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Rasch, Vibeke. "Unsafe abortion in Tanzania : an empathetic approach to improve post-abortion quality of care /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-554-9.
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Love, Gillian. "Contextualising abortion : a life narrative study of abortion and social class in neoliberal England." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/73444/.
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This project is a narrative interview study of fifteen women who have had abortions in England since 2008. It aims to answer the questions: 1. How do women in England make meaning about their abortion experiences? 2. What aspects of their identities and life experiences contribute to this meaning-making? 3. In particular, how does class structure this meaning-making? England is in the midst of a long-term political project of austerity and neoliberal governance which has prompted renewed sociological attention to the issue of social class. In this context, discourse on abortion reflects and reproduces societal beliefs about gender, class and reproduction: who should reproduce; who has a legitimate ‘excuse' not to reproduce; and what judgement should be passed on women who choose to end their pregnancies. Through the work of Beverley Skeggs and Michel Foucault, this study examines how women who have had abortions in this context make meaning about their experiences, and how class and gender are constructed in their narratives. This study contributes to literature on the internalisation of neoliberal modes of self-governance in relation to reproduction. It argues that the process of requesting an abortion extends a demand to women to perform precarity in ways that are more possible for some women than others. Abortion narratives are therefore shaped by access to classed ‘discursive resources,' and the women's relationships to responsibility were also shaped by their class positions. Finally, this study contributes to the rich literature on abortion stigma by applying the Foucauldian concepts of biopolitics and governmentality to abortion narratives, arguing that abortion experiences in contemporary England are shaped by the confluence of abortion stigma, the neoliberal injunction to self-regulate, and the societal construction of womanhood as biologically painful. Using Foucault's concept of ‘technologies of the self,' I conclude that through these women's accounts, the specific regulatory practices that produce middle-class womanhood can be better understood. The study therefore explores how wider processes of neoliberal governance might be insinuated, embodied, and resisted by individual women.
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Misago, Chizuru. "Preventing induced abortion among urban poor in Fortaleza, Brazil : is post-abortion counselling effective?" Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1998. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682280/.
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This thesis reports the results of a randomised controlled intervention study carried out between May and November 1993 in a major public hospital in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza City, Ceará, Brazil. The objective was to investigate the impact of post abortion counselling on uptake of contraception and on subsequent pregnancy and abortion. The study population was a sample of women hospitalised with complications of induced abortion which were identified during as larger hospital-based study on abortion. The intervention was half an hour of contraceptive counselling prior to discharge at the study site hospital. No contraceptive method was given. A total of 695 women were enrolled into the study, 345 in the intervention group and 350 in the control group. They were followed up at home at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 4 months, 8 months and 1 year after discharge. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Outcome measures of interest were; knowledge of contraceptive methods, seeking contraceptive services, uptake of contraception, having unprotected sexual intercourse, subsequent pregnancies and subsequent abortion. The study results show that this particular mode of counselling (single shot hospital-based post-abortion) increased the level of knowledge of some contraceptive methods, but did not have any effect in changing behaviour such as seeking contraceptive services, uptake of contraception or having unprotected sexual relationship. As a consequence, counselling did not show any impact on preventing another unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion. Among 695 women, 165 (23.7%) became pregnant again before the end of the 1 year follow-up; 81 (23.5%) in the intervention group and 84 (24.0%) in the control group. Of the 695 women, 42 (6.0%) had another abortion before the end of the 1 year follow-up; 27 (7.8%) in the intervention group and 15 (4.3%) in the control group. At 6 weeks visit, of the 662 women interviewed, 345 (52.1%) were using contraceptive methods; 178 (53.8%) in the intervention group and 167 (50.5%) in the control group. Women who were not using contraception after abortion tended to be young, single or without a partner. "Not having sexual intercourse" was the most frequently cited reason for not using a contraceptive method during the follow-up period. Suggestions were made on how a more effective intervention that might prove more successful in responding to these women' s needs for enhanced contraception can be developed.
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Samuel, June. "Adapting to norms at the United Nations the abortion-rights and anti-abortion networks /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7634.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Conroy, Mary. "The New York Times ad a canonical analysis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Wong, Sandra Sze Man. "Decision making and abortion methods." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/423/.
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Introduction: This thesis investigates abortion service providers' adequacy to facilitate women's choices to have either a medical or surgical abortion. Both the medical and surgical methods of abortion are effective procedures to terminate unwanted pregnancies in early gestation. Provided there is no medical contraindication, women can make the choice about which method of abortion to have. The role of health professionals is to provide complete and accurate information that encourages women to make informed choices between treatment options. This thesis describes three studies which a) assess the adequacy of written information to support choices about abortion methods across service providers in England and Wales, b) describe the quality of verbal information provided by health professionals to women choosing to have an abortion type in routine consultations, and c) evaluate a leaflet designed to facilitate women's choices to have either a medical or surgical abortion. Methods: Two studies employ a cross-sectional survey design with qualitative and quantitative methods, the third a randomised controlled trial. The samples include: service provider's leaflets from across England and Wales (n=44); the content of doctors' consultations in a regional abortion service in Leeds (n=23); women undertaking abortions for unwanted pregnancies in a regional abortion service in Leeds (n=313). Measures assess the accuracy and quality of information provided, and the degree to which the leaflet facilitated women's decisions about abortion method. Results: The analysis of written and verbal information routinely provided by abortion service providers found that the procedures on having the abortion types were adequately described. However,information about the risks and benefits of each method were described less accurately and/or consistently. The findings from the trial indicate that a leaflet can enable women to make more informed decisions without increasing anxiety but does not impact on the type of abortion method chosen. Conclusions: Most information about types of abortion method routinely provided by abortion service providers is not sufficient to enable women to make informed choices. However, services can meet policy objectives on informed patient decision making with minimal resource implications as the decision aid leaflet enabled women to evaluate more information about the risks and benefits of the abortion methods in accord with their own beliefs.
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Jones, Emma Louise. "Abortion in England, 1861-1967." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529789.
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Thong, K. Joo. "Prostaglandins, mifepristone and medical abortion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308749.
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Ruffin, Alexis Lora. "The Social Construction of Abortion." VCU Scholars Compass, 1992. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4714.
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The essential socio-political question abortion raises is twofold: within whose legitimate province is the abortion decision to be made and what are the salient factors in determining subsequent resolutions over access. The answers speak to perceptions of legitimate authority, which are fundamental to the social construction of abortion.
The disparate literature on abortion was examined to develop a typology of perspectives on abortion. Theories from feminist sociology and social psychology were employed to examine the impact abortion access and the subsequent negotiation over legitimate authority have on the social order. The underlying hypothesis of this research is that abortion is socially constructed through competing perspectives’ delineation of authority. Three perspectives on abortion were culled from the literature on abortion rights to create an index of attitudes: Feminist, Traditional, and Population Control. Coupling this index with a measure of attitudes toward access to legal abortion and a measure of the consignment of legitimate authority to women, an overall typology of abortion attitudes was hypothesized. The research questions at hand were: 1) Do attitudes concerning abortion access support an index of attitudes; Feminist, Traditional and Population Control; and, to further construct the typology, 2) where does each perspective locate the authority to make the abortion decision?
This study was designed to explore the definition of abortion, as delineated above, by men and women entering adulthood under liberalized abortion and contraceptive laws. In order to uncover the social construction of abortion, this study focused on the audience of the rhetorical debate over abortion, instead of the activists as is done in most of the literature on abortion attitudes. A seven page questionnaire was administered to a nonprobability sample consisting of 397 undergraduate students at a large public urban university in the Southeast and was used for exploration into the social construction of abortion.
The Feminist and Population Control dimensions were expected to resemble each other on the abortion attitudes measure, but differ with respect to legitimate authority. Conversely, the Traditional and Population Control dimensions were expected to perform similarly on the legitimate authority measure, but differ on attitudes about access to legal abortion. Additionally, it was postulated that personal experience with abortion has the effect of making one more empathetic, and, therefore, more supportive of legal abortion. The expected pattern of responses to the abortion attitudes and legitimate authority measures were confirmed for two of the three dimensions; Feminist and Traditional. The Population Control dimension failed to correlate with either dependent variable. Finally, it appears that this study was not able to capture any influence that experience with abortion might have on one’s attitudes toward abortion access.
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Maloney, Steven Douglas. "Abortion escorts and democratic participation." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8070.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Sekudu, Johannah. "Abortion : a social work study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28535.
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Ray, Jenna Frances. "The Gilded South/exporting Abortion." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068547.
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This master's portfolio consists of two distinct essays. The first concerns the development of the American South, and the specific role of the Confederacy, with regard to questions of foreign expansion. The second concerns the way that abortion policy as a subject of American foreign policy changes as a result of the 1973 Supreme Court ruling on Roe v. Wade.
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Burkhardt, Alan Thomas. "The relationship between law and morality in the question of abortion." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Knittel, Margaret Mary. "No latent ally onlookers to the abortion debate /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Hungerford, Steven W. "A bibliographic survey and analysis of the psychological sequelae of women following abortion." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Granger, Amy. "Reproductive Freedom in the United States and Louisiana: An Assessment of the Last Decade, a Review of the Current Climate, And a Scenario for the Future." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1086.
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Government began legislating abortion in the mid nineteenth century and has controlled access to this service for women ever since. With the creation of hospital boards after WWII, state control over access became further entrenched. Regulations and restrictions since Roe v. Wade limit the availability of abortion services for women served by Medicaid and other social assistance programs. The existence of a class bias around access can be seen throughout the topic's history and legislation has unfairly targeted and therefore disproportionately affects poor women. The data show that these restrictions have no impact on the number of unintended pregnancies over the last 20 plus years. Without the ability to personally fund the procedure, poor women do not enjoy the same choices as women in other social classes. In the next decade, we are likely to experience more of the same without having a realistic conversation about Medicaid funding of abortion.
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Silva, Daniela Fornel de Oliveira. "Avaliação dos casos de aborto e suas complicações em dois hospitais de Campinas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309901.
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Orientador: Aloisio Jose BedoneDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DanielaForneldeOliveira_M.pdf: 972669 bytes, checksum: 320b3154e074527b3b86e49612602038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Introdução: O aborto inseguro corresponde a uma das principais causas de mortalidade materna no mundo. Na última década, o acesso a métodos seguros para o aborto, principalmente o misoprostol, tem contribuído para um declínio nos relatos de morbidade relacionada ao aborto. Na cidade de Campinas, a mortalidade materna por aborto, que era uma das primeiras causas de morte na década passada, parece ter-se reduzido consideravelmente. Esses dados podem refletir o maior uso de misoprostol pelas mulheres que optam por induzir o aborto. Objetivos: Verificar a proporção de abortos induzidos com misoprostol e outros métodos, e comparar as complicações observadas. Sujeitos e Métodos: De julho de 2008 a abril de 2009 as mulheres internadas com diagnóstico de aborto em dois hospitais de Campinas foram entrevistadas e submetidas a uma lista de verificação que continha os critérios da OMS para a classificação de abortos induzidos. De acordo com estes critérios, as mulheres foram classificadas como abortos possivelmente, provavelmente e certamente induzidos; as mulheres que não apresentaram qualquer um dos critérios foram classificadas como abortos espontâneos. As pacientes classificadas como aborto possível, provável ou certamente provocado, responderam também a um questionário. Resultados: Das 543 mulheres internadas com diagnóstico de aborto, 5 não tiveram suas entrevistas concluídas e foram identificadas 259 (48%), que possivelmente, provavelmente ou certamente provocaram o aborto: 222 (85,7%), 11(4,3%) e 26 (10,0%), respectivamente. Dentre os 259 questionários aplicados, somente 25 mulheres assumiram ter feito uso de algum método para indução do aborto e dentre estas apenas 9 referiram uso de misoprostol. O número de complicações infecciosas e hemorrágicas observado foi pequeno. Foram observadas diferenças significativas nos índices de complicações entre mulheres que assumiram a indução do aborto em relação àquelas que não assumiram. Entretanto esta diferença não foi significativa entre as mulheres que usaram misoprostol e as que usaram outros métodos. A única variável que esteve relacionada significativamente com tipo de aborto e complicações foi o estado marital: as mulheres sem parceiro fixo apresentaram maior índice de abortos provavelmente e certamente induzidos e de complicações hemorrágicas. Oitenta por cento das mulheres que disseram não desejar a gravidez estavam usando métodos contraceptivos. Conclusão: Houve um número pequeno de abortos confessadamente induzidos e uma baixa incidência de complicações. A coincidência do estudo com notícias de perseguição policial a mulheres que abortaram pode ter interferido na disposição dessas pacientes em relatar manobras, enquanto o uso de misoprostol exclui sinais da indução. Os dados confirmam o conceito generalizado de ter havido uma redução na freqüência e gravidade das complicações associadas à prática do aborto; entretanto não permitem verificar até que ponto o uso de misoprostol é responsável por essa redução, como observada em outros estudos. Será necessário esperar algum tempo até que essas notícias de perseguição policial às mulheres que abortaram saiam da mídia e fiquem esquecidas, para se tentar obter informações mais verídicas. Além disso, faz-se necessário repetir estudos mais apurados sobre mortalidade materna que permitam verificar se efetivamente a mortalidade materna associada ao aborto é tão baixa como aparece nas estimativas oficiais.
Abstract: Introduction: The unsafe abortion corresponds to one of the major causes of maternal death in the world. During the last decade, the access to safer methods to abortion, mainly misoprostol, has contributed to decrease of abortion morbidity. In Campinas, the maternal mortality by abortion seems to have fallen considerably. This can have occurred because of the great use of misoprostol by women who chose to induce the abortion. Objectives: Verify the proportion of induced abortion with misoprostol and other methods, and to compare the complications observed. Subjects and methods: From July 2008 until April 2009, the women who had an abortion and were admitted to two hospitals in Campinas were interviewed, a check-list with the WHO criteria of induced abortion was used to verify if the abortion was induced or not. To obtain more information about women whose abortion was classified as possible, provable or certainly induced a structured pre-tested questionnaire was applied. Results: Among 543 women hospitalized due to abortion, 5 women din't finish their interview and 259 women (48%) had their abortion classified as possible, probable or certainly induced: 222 (85,7%), 11(4,3%) e 26 (10,0%), respectively. Only 25 women (among 259 questionnaires obtained) assumed to have induced abortion and only 9 of these reported the use of misoprostol. The incidence of infection and hemorrhagic complications was small. There was a significant difference between complications rates in women that assumed have induced abortion and in women that didn't assume it. However, there was no significant difference between complications in women that used misoprostol and in women that used other methods. The marital status was the only sociodemographic characteristic that demonstrated some relation with abortion classification and with complications: women without a partner had a superior rate of probable and certainly induced abortion and hemorrhagic complications. Eighty percent of women who didn't desire the gestation were using contraceptives methods. Conclusion: There was a small number of assumed induced abortions and a low incidence of complications. The coincidence of this study with news of police prosecution of women suspected of induced abortion may have interfered on women willingness to be sincere, while the use of misoprostol prevents any sign of induction. The data confirm the opinion that the frequency and severity of abortion complications had gone down, but do not allow to verify which role misoprostol played in that process. It will be necessary to wait some time until those news of police prosecution disappear from the headlines to then be possible to obtain more reliable data. Besides that, it is necessary to execute detailed studies about maternal mortality, which allow us to verify if the rate of maternal mortality related with abortion is as low as the national statistics rate.
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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McEvoy, Jane. "Placing abortion in its social context : an exploration of Northern Irish women's experiences of abortion." Thesis, University of East London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532382.
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Hernandez, Cory D. "What do abortion policies accomplish? : understanding how abortion laws and court cases affect public opinion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95548.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 114-124).
Abortion is a loaded, controversial, and divisive sociocultural and political term, concept, and debate. Yet little empirical research has been conducted to examine what effects abortion rights legislation and court cases have had on the public and our society. After analyzing a broad overview of the history of the abortion rights debate in the US, I conduct bivariate and multivariate regression analyses from 1972-2004 using NES and personally-collected data to see how these laws and court opinions in various states at the individual level influence public opinion of abortion rights and of the government. In the end, I conclude that, of the possible iterated relationships therefrom, anti-choice policies have statistically significant impacts on both how people view abortion rights and their own state governments. In doing so, I challenge extant models that describe the interaction between public opinion and policy. I also further develop the idea of Policy Overreach, where policymakers go "too far"-at least, in the eyes of the public-in setting anti-choice policies, causing the public to retaliate in various ways. Not only does this thesis answer some important questions, but also introduces new measures, concepts, questions, and data for future research into this important area of study.
by Cory D. Hernandez.
S.M.
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Gunter, Sabrina. "Everyone Knows I Had an Abortion: Fighting Abortion Stigma Through Narrative Collection and Mutual Aid." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1158.
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According to a 2017 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute, roughly one in four women will have an abortion in their lifetime. Despite how incredibly common of an experience it is, one almost never hears abortion talked about on an individual basis. This study seeks to find out why people who’ve had abortions do or don’t talk about them, and why, as well as what, if anything, can and needs to be done to change the conversational landscape around abortion. I used qualitative methods to conduct seven participant-led interviews with different people who have had abortions. My findings show that people don’t talk about their abortions for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to: fear of stigma, feeling there’s no non-“awkward” way to bring it up in conversation, and simply not really thinking about it that often. My participants also described a variety of ideas for fighting this stigma, primarily through connecting with, talking with, listening to, and being a source of mutual support for other people who have also had abortions. Because I used a participatory-action model of methods, my participants and I worked to put some of their ideas into action after the conclusion of our interviews.
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Coker, Michelle. "Detection of an immunological response in heifers experimentally infected with epizootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion)." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456474.
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Boyland, Dodie. "A case study of a counseling group for women in postabortion syndrome." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Halkias, Alexandra. "Democracy revisited : abortion and agon in modern Greece /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820879.
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Becerra, Heraud Silvia. "Demographic and psycbosocial factors regarding the decision to continue or interrupt a pregnancy in a group of low socioeconomic adolescents." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101007.
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the demographic and psycho-social characteristics of a sample of 60 adolescents divided in two groups of 30 subjects each one (pregnant adolescents and adolescents with an induced abortion) and compare them. The results indicated the existence of some differences between both groups that may be relevant in the decision to have an abortion, for example the adolescent's age and occupation, her desire to become pregnant, the number of past pregnancies, the baby's father reaction to the pregnancy and the adolescent satisfaction and necessity of social support.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las características demográficas y psicosociales de una muestra de 60 adolescentes divididas en dos grupos de 30 sujetos cada una (adolescentes gestantes y adolescentes que han tenido un aborto inducido) y compararlas entre sí. Los resultados indicaron que existen algunas diferencias entre ambos grupos que pueden ser importantes en la decisión de aborto, como la edad y ocupación de la adolescente, su deseo de salir embarazada, el número de embarazos previos, la reacción del padre del bebé al embarazo y la satisfacción y la necesidad del soporte social en la adolescente.
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Harries, Jane. "Abortion services in South Africa : challenges and barriers to safe abortion care : health care providers' perspectives." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10623.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-213).Unsafe abortion is a preventable phenomenon and continues to be a major public health problem in many countries especially in the developing world. Despite abortion being legally available in South Africa after a change in legislation in 1996, barriers to accessing safe abortion services continue to exist. These barriers include provider opposition to abortion, and a shortage of trained and willing abortion providers. The dearth of abortion providers undermines the availability of safe, legal abortion, and has serious implications for women's access to abortion services and health service planning.
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Sloan, Tyler E. "The Abortion Burden: Examining Abortion Access, Undue Burden and Supreme Court Rulings in the United States." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1494418153379172.
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O'Brien, Emily Jane. "Reclaiming Abortion Politics through Reproductive Justice: The Radical Potential of Abortion Counternarratives in Theory and Practice." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami154363378481013.
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Graziano, Doreen A. "Maternal-child nurses' knowledge about elective abortion effects their attitudes toward patient undergoing an elective abortion /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1988. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1988/thesis_nur_1988_grazi_mater.pdf.
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Nonnenmacher, Daniele. "Abortamento: depressão e percepção das mulheres quanto às reações e condutas do parceiro em duas capitais brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-27092013-143636/.
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Introdução: Constante na história da civilização, o abortamento tem sido tema relevante na saúde pública, trazendo repercussões físicas e emocionais à mulher. Este trabalho abordou aspectos históricos e culturais que delinearam o percurso feminino e a maternidade, contemplou a magnitude do abortamento e aspectos emocionais, em especial, a depressão. Teve como objetivos, analisar características sociodemográficas, a percepção das mulheres quanto às reações e condutas do parceiro e o diagnóstico de depressão, em duas capitais brasileiras, associando as variáveis entre os grupos de abortamento espontâneo e provocado de cada capital. Buscou, em cada grupo, relacionar a depressão com as variáveis estudadas. Método: Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas, com questionário previamente elaborado com 285 mulheres que sofreram abortamento espontâneo (139 em Natal-RN e 146 em São Paulo-SP) e 31 mulheres que referiram tê-lo provocado (11 em Natal-RN e 20 em São Paulo-SP). Para o diagnóstico de depressão, utilizou-se o módulo de humor do Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (Prime-MD). Os dados foram analisados pela Técnica de Análise Temática, posteriormente foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition. O nível de significância utilizado foi p<0,05. Resultados: Encontrou-se significância estatística relacionada ao abortamento provocado, em Natal-RN e São Paulo-SP, nas variáveis: ser solteira (p<0,01; p<0,01) e ter menor número de gestações (p<0,01; p=0,04) e de abortamentos espontâneos anteriores (p<0,01; p<0,01). Em Natal-RN evidenciou-se ainda, mulheres com trabalho (p=0,03), renda financeira (p<0,01) e que residiam com familiar (p<0,01) e, em São Paulo-SP, ter provocado abortamento anterior (p=0,01) e residir com amigos (p<0,01). Quanto à percepção das mulheres em relação às reações e condutas do parceiro, em ambas as capitais, ele foi referido como a pessoa que não poderia saber do abortamento (p<0,01 em Natal-RN; p=0,02 em São Paulo-SP), ao mesmo tempo, como aquele que poderia tê-lo evitado (p<0,01 em Natal-RN; p=0,03 em São Paulo-SP). A ausência do parceiro no momento da confirmação da gestação (p=0,02) foi relevante em Natal-RN, e em São Paulo-SP, ele ter apresentado reações negativas frente à notícia da gravidez (p=0,04) e não ter participado no processo do abortamento (p<0,01). Constatou-se elevado índice de depressão em ambas capitais e grupos. Sua presença, no abortamento provocado, não esteve associada às variáveis estudadas, enquanto no espontâneo, relacionou-se, em Natal-RN, a reações negativas do parceiro ao saber da gravidez (p=0,05) e sua ausência no processo do abortamento (p<0,01) e, em São Paulo-SP, ao desconhecimento dele sobre a gestação (p=0,04). Conclusão: Apesar dos avanços sociais, seguem enraizados na identidade feminina princípios culturais e sociais que diante da situação de abortamento, ainda hoje, despertam na mulher conflitos e ambivalências. Mesmo com a independência feminina, a participação masculina mostra-se importante dentro do processo do abortamento, seja pelo suporte ou mesmo, pelo compartilhamento da responsabilidadeIntroduction: Constant in the history of civilization, abortion has been a relevant issue in public health, having physical and emotional repercussions for women. This study addressed the historical and cultural aspects outlining the female pathway and maternity and dealt with the magnitude of abortion and emotional aspects, especially depression. Its purpose was to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, women\'s perception as regards the partner\'s reactions and behavior, and depression diagnosis in two Brazilian capitals, associating the variables from the spontaneous abortion group and the induced abortion group. Within each group, the objective was to relate the variables to depression. Method: In two Brazilian capitals, semistructured, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 285 women who underwent spontaneous abortion (139 in Natal-RN and 146 in São Paulo-SP) and 31 who reported having induced the abortion (11 in Natal-RN and 20 in São Paulo-SP). For diagnosing depression, the mood module from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was applied. The data were analyzed by the thematic analysis technique, and, subsequently, the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition program was used. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Induced abortion was statistically significant with respect to the following variables: in both Natal-RN and São Paulo-SP, being single ((p<0.01, p<0.01), a smaller number of previous pregnancies (p<0.01, p=0.04), and fewer previous spontaneous abortions (p<0.01, p<0.01); in Natal-RN alone, having a job (p=0.03), having a money income (p<0.01), and living with a family member (p<0.01); in São Paulo-SP only, induction of a previous abortion (p<0.01) and residence with friends (p<0.01). Concerning the perception the women had of their partners\' reactions and behavior, in both capitals, the partner was referred to as the one person who could not know about the abortion (p<0.01 in Natal-RN, p=0.02 in São Paulo-SP) and, simultaneously, as the one who could have avoided it (p<0.01 in Natal- RN, p=0.03 in São Paulo-SP). The partner\'s absence at the time of the pregnancy confirmation (p=0.02) was relevant in Natal- RN, and the partner\'s negative reaction when learning about the pregnancy (p=0.04) and his not participating in the abortion process (p<0.01) was relevant in São Paulo- SP. A high depression rate was found in both groups and in both capitals. Its presence in the induced abortion group was not associated with the study variables, while, in the spontaneous abortion group in Natal-RN, it was linked to the partner\'s negative reaction as he learned about the pregnancy (p=0.05) and to his absence during the abortion process (p<0.01), and in São Paulo-SP, to his not knowing about the pregnancy (p=0.04). Conclusion: Despite social advances, the cultural and social principles rooted in the female identity to this day still engender conflicts and ambivalent feelings in women when confronted with the situation of abortion. Notwithstanding women\'s independence, male participation has shown to be important in the abortion process, be it for support or for sharing the responsability
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Choi, Sang-Rog. "Abortion issues in Christianity and Buddhism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54696.pdf.
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Lijnschoten, Gesina van. "Morphology and karyotype in early abortion." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5744.
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Bélanger, Eliane. "Abortion pain : psychosocial and medical predictors." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74035.
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Olijnek, Darcie. "What makes abortion a difficult experience." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60559.
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This thesis draws on twenty-three women's retrospective accounts of their abortion experiences to examine the course of their feelings and the social, situational and personal contexts in which these feelings arose. Their experiences and feelings were affected by abortion's morally ambiguous status; its quasi-legal status (particularly between 1969 and 1988); its provision in medical settings in ways that differ significantly from the provision of other health services; and the on-going polarized ideological conflict over its acceptability. The experiences and feelings of the women interviewed were also affected subtly and profoundly by widely held expectations about how women in such situations normally do and should feel. The thesis examines the "feeling rules" (Hochschild, 1979) women encountered in interactions with others (confidants and health-care providers, notably abortion counselors) and how women's actual feelings, especially after the abortion, became problematic.
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Philips, Helen Louise. "Enteric and abortion chlamydia in sheep." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385154.
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Gilheany, Barry. "Post-Eighth Amendment Irish abortion politics." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313087.
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Manzoor, Farhat. "A political history : abortion in Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342408.
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