Dissertations / Theses: 'Abortion and public health'

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Harries, Jane. "Abortion services in South Africa : challenges and barriers to safe abortion care : health care providers' perspectives." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10623.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-213).
Unsafe abortion is a preventable phenomenon and continues to be a major public health problem in many countries especially in the developing world. Despite abortion being legally available in South Africa after a change in legislation in 1996, barriers to accessing safe abortion services continue to exist. These barriers include provider opposition to abortion, and a shortage of trained and willing abortion providers. The dearth of abortion providers undermines the availability of safe, legal abortion, and has serious implications for women's access to abortion services and health service planning.

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Constant, Deborah Ann. "Strengthening medical abortion in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22795.

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Access to safe, legal abortion services is an important public health measure to address morbidity and mortality from unsafe abortion. To expand access and strengthen medical abortion provision in South Africa, evidence is needed on the safety, effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of task sharing strategies and the implementation of evidence-based regimens. This research aims to: (a) evaluate the safety and acceptability of task sharing gestational age estimation for women seeking abortion, (b) determine the effectiveness and acceptability of text messaging on mobile phones to support women self-managing medical abortion, (c) evaluate the feasibility, safety and acceptability of self-assessment of medical abortion completion using mobile phones alone or in combination with a low-sensitivity pregnancy test, and (d) document clinical outcomes and women's experiences following the introduction of mifepristone into second trimester medical abortion services. Published or submitted papers included in this thesis are from four prospective studies evaluating interventions and interviewing women and health care workers in South African public sector and non-governmental clinics between 2011 and 2015. The first paper establishes that last menstrual period is sufficiently accurate to estimate gestational age in selected women (97%) and has potential to be task shared with community health workers or women themselves. The second paper reports reduced anxiety (p=0.013) and better preparedness (p=0.016) for self-managing abortion symptoms among women receiving automated text messages (compared to those receiving standard care). The third and fourth papers show that mobile phones are a feasible modality for self-assessment for most women (86%), but that clinical history needs to be combined with an appropriate pregnancy test to detect incomplete or failed procedures. Self-assessment using a low-sensitivity pregnancy test is preferred by most women (98%) to in-clinic follow-up, and providing a guided demonstration on the use of a low-sensitivity pregnancy test does not significantly impact on the accuracy of self-assessed abortion outcome compared to simple verbal instructions (88% vs. 85% accuracy; p=0.449). The fifth paper documents successful self-administration of mifepristone, a higher 24-hour abortion rate (93% vs 77%; p<0.001), and greater acceptability following the introduction of mifepristone into second trimester abortion care, compared to historic cohorts receiving misoprostol only. The thesis concludes that supported self-management and task sharing can strengthen medical abortion provision in South Africa. Research evaluating task sharing of medical abortion care has potential to inform similar approaches for other health care services.

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Blackburn, Kayla M. "Which methods of dissemination do women in Cape Town, South Africa prefer when searching for safe abortion providers?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29587.

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Background: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996 makes provision for access to safe abortion, free of charge in government facilities in South Africa. Despite liberal abortion legislation, unsafe abortion persists in South Africa. Increasing access to information about safe and legal abortion providers through methods such as online databases, community health workers, and telephone hotlines will most likely decrease the number of women using illegal/unsafe abortion providers. This study aims to: determine how women prefer to access information on safe abortion providers and services in Cape Town, South Africa; determine which avenues of obtaining information are most accessible for women; and determine if there is a preferential difference in accessing information based on age, education and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this research is to provide knowledge on how to increase the accessibility of safe abortion providers and services through preferential information dissemination. Methods: Participants were recruited from Marie Stopes International South Africa, a non-profit organization (NGO) that provides sexual and reproductive health services in Cape Town, South Africa. Recruitment of participants took place between September and November 2017. Eligibility criteria included that participants be between 18 to 49 years of age and presenting for an abortion. Data was collected through a self-administered paper-based questionnaire. There were four sections of the questionnaire: Socio-Demographics, Reproductive History, Interactions with Sources of Health Information, and Preferred Method to Access Information. Results: Ninety-eight women completed the self-administered questionnaire. Over 59 % of women preferred to use the internet to access information about safe abortion providers. Participants had access to the internet via their mobile phones, computers, laptops, and tablets. Internet access was more accessible for women who had completed secondary school and/or acquired a post-secondary degree, was employed, and/or earned more than USD 258 a month. Participants also preferred to use health care providers (29%), and community health workers (20%) for accessing information about safe and legal abortion services. Conclusions: This study identified the most preferred and acceptable methods to access information about safe abortion providers by women at an NGO clinic in Cape Town. Community health workers, the internet and health care providers and hotlines should be used to formulate dissemination methods that are tailored to women in South Africa. Information about government facilities, their current abortion provision status, and the type of abortion services they provide should be compiled, continually updated, and made available to women in dissemination methods that are most preferred, accessible and acceptable to women. Options for socioeconomically disadvantaged women should be developed in conjunction with Internet-based options for accessing information about safe abortion providers and services.

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Jilozian, Ani. "Listening to women's voices| Perceptions & experiences with contraception & abortion in rural Armenia." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1551611.

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Background: Abortion is the principle method of birth control in Armenia. There are few qualitative studies in the literature concerning family planning utilization and abortion practices, and only two studies carried out over a decade ago have addressed the larger social context in which family planning and abortion decision-making occurs.

Objectives: The purpose of the following research project was to investigate women's perceptions and experiences with contraception and abortion and elucidate the multifaceted and complex factors that influence family planning decisions and abortion seeking behavior among women of reproductive age in Armenia.

Methods and materials: Convenience sampling was used to recruit women and health providers for the study. In-depth interviews were carried out with all participants and content analysis was employed to analyze the data.

Results: Natural methods of contraception were primarily used over modern means due to socio-economic barriers; familial and peer influence; and negative perceptions. The use of induced abortion was primarily due to socio-economic conditions; a desire for birth spacing; and a desire to limit family size. Participants expressed that married couples generally share decision-making power regarding contraception and abortion with the exception of sex-selective abortions, in which husbands and/or the husband's family primarily make the decision. Reasons for son preference were tied to socio-economic conditions and the Armenian mentality regarding relative value of gender. The misuse of medical abortion was tied to socio-economic conditions; fear of surgical abortion; and misperceptions.

Discussion: Initiatives to reduce the unmet need for family planning should focus on education; expanding availability and accessibility of contraceptives; and empowerment of women. In regards to preventing unsafe abortion, initiatives should focus on health provider training and monitoring; making Cytotec available in pharmacies by prescription only; lowering the price of medical abortion at hospitals; and educating health providers and women about best practices. Concerning sex selection, policy changes should take place alongside initiatives that empower women and advance socio-economic well being.

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Carpilovsky, Cristiane Kohler. "O aborto como um problema de saúde pública: contribuições para o debate nas áreas da saúde e educação." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3522.

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Abortion is a present subject since earlier times and the interest in such subject increases as years pass, since it is a multidisciplinary issue with a relevant importance. Nowadays, abortion represents a serious issue in public health system, widely practiced through inadequate means that can lead to damages and cause the death of the woman. This subject has been added to Brazilian educational system through National Curriculum Guidelines by the development of the transversal subjects. In this context, this work aimed to analyze the action of elementary school teachers facing the sexuality subject, carry out an analysis of didactic books suggested by the National Program of Highschool Book and perform a comparative study of issues concerning abortion, according to the understanding of undergraduate students in Health and Human Sciences, including the comparison of the comprehension of the subject through the point of view of men and women in order to obtain the understanding of the youth about the subject. From these data it has been built a tool aiming to aid the teaching of the abortion subject contributing to the citizen formation. On the basis of the analyzes of the data collected, it is believed that the theme abortion should be treated on a continuous basis and urgent for the concepts that are assimilated and understood in order to serve as a basis for decision-making and contributed to the formation of the citizen. Therefore, the issue of abortion needs to win the space in the environment at school so that the pupils have a space for discussion and can, therefore, to answer their questions and concerns. It is part of the school and of educators offer this knowledge to the students preparing citizens aware on their bodies and their sexuality.
O aborto é um tema presente desde os tempos mais remotos e com o passar dos anos vem crescendo o interesse sobre o mesmo, visto que se trata de uma questão multidisciplinar de relevância significativa. Atualmente, o aborto representa um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo amplamente praticado, através de meios inadequados que podem causar danos e provocar a morte da mulher. Este tema foi acrescentado na educação brasileira através dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais mediante o desenvolvimento dos temas transversais. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa objetivou averiguar a ação dos professores de ensino fundamental frente à temática da sexualidade, realizar uma análise dos livros didáticos de Biologia indicados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio e realizar um estudo comparativo das questões referentes ao aborto, segundo o entendimento dos alunos, em nível de educação superior, das áreas da saúde e humanas incluindo a comparação da compreensão do tema do ponto de vista feminino e masculino a fim de obter a concepção dos jovens acerca do tema. A partir desses dados se construiu um instrumento visando auxiliar no ensino do tema aborto contribuindo na formação do cidadão. Com base nas análises dos dados coletados, acredita-se que o tema aborto deve ser tratado de forma contínua e urgente para que os conceitos sejam assimilados e compreendidos a fim de servirem de base para a tomada de decisões contribuindo na formação do cidadão. Além disso, foi possível perceber que o lúdico contribui na abordagem do tema aborto em sala de aula demonstrando assim, a relevância da inclusão de metodologias alternativas em sala de aula no sentido de aproximar os jovens de temas relevantes visando à formação do cidadão. Assim, a temática do aborto precisa ganhar espaço no ambiente escolar para que os alunos possuam um espaço para discussão e possam, assim, responder suas dúvidas e anseios. É papel da escola e dos educadores oferecer este conhecimento aos alunos preparando cidadãos conscientes sobre seus corpos e sua sexualidade.

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Perera, Dhammika. "A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Three Medical Abortion Protocols." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6649.

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Unsafe abortions pose serious threats to women's health. Medical abortion provides safer abortion access to many. The lengthy interval between misoprostol and mifepristone creates multiple barriers for women and providers. A paucity of research exists about medical abortion protocols that allow single day procedures. The efficacy and the safety of 3 medical abortion protocols of varying lengths were explored in this study. A secondary data set of over 55,000 patients from the United Kingdom was retrospectively analyzed using binomial logistic regression. Efficacy results showed no significant difference between the conventional and the simultaneous protocols; when compared to those, the 6- to 8- hour protocol showed a 79% higher risk (OR = 0.210, 95% CI = 0.178 - 0.246) of failure. Safety of the simultaneous protocol was 48% lesser (OR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.447 - 0.613) and the safety of the 6- to 8- hour protocol 61% lesser (OR = 0.386, 95% CI = 0.304- 0.489) compared to the conventional protocol. The absolute risk of complications or severe adverse events of all protocols (0.98%, 1.97%, and 2.67%) was very low. The results suggest the simultaneous protocol is a viable alternative to the conventional protocol up to 10 weeks' gestation. The results could promote the adoption of the simultaneous protocol by health systems, give millions more women access to safe and effective single day medical abortions, reduce the need for skilled clinicians, and reduce cost burdens for both women and for healthcare systems overall. Implementation of these social changes could make abortion safer globally.

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Barker, Rachel. "Predictors of Induced Abortion Among Female Youth Center Users in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1406.

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Objective: Induced abortions occur in every country in the world. However sixty percent of the world's women live in countries where abortion is illegal. 19 million pregnancies end in unsafe and/or illegal abortions. Annually, 68,000 women die from unsafe abortions. Legal or not, unsafe abortion is one of the great neglected problems of health care in developing countries like Haiti and is a serious concern to women during their reproductive lives. Methods: The data for this study was collected from youth centers (ages 15-24) and used to estimate percentage distributions of abortion ratios by selected characteristics of women, particularly age at first pregnancy, education levels, relationship status with partner and history of contraception use. Results: 23.9 abortions were reported for every 100 pregnancies. Females with higher education andlor currently students were 3 times more likely to have had an abortion than less educated or non-student females. Decreases in relationship stability, specifically single females, increased the risk for abortion. Increased number of pregnancies significantly increased the risk of ever having had an abortion (three or more pregnancies increases risk 10 fold). Only 12.7% reported use of modern contraception prior to last pregnancy with 71.4% stating that their last pregnancy was not wanted. Conclusion: Prevalence of induced abortion is relatively high in this population specifically occurring among women who are single, more educated, and students. Increased number of pregnancies dramatically increases the risk for abortions. This implies that these females are using abortion as a way to control fertility.

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Frank, Cornelia. "Access to Safe and Legal Abortion- a Human Right? : A study of the protection for access to Safe and Legal abortion within Public International Law." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182564.

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Abortion is a controversial issue. It is subject of heated debates stemming from morality and ethics. Abortion is also, however, a question of rights. Access to abortion weighs the rights of the foetus against the rights of the mother. Women being denied access to safe and legal abortion due to criminalisation and restrictive abortion laws, is also a matter of human rights. Women die every year as the result of unsafe abortion methods. This thesis focuses on access to safe and legal abortion, and examines if and how public international law protects women’s access to abortion. It addresses the topic of reproductive rights and health, and whether this set of rights constitutes any protection for access to safe and legal abortion. Human rights that are actualised in relation to abortion include for example the right to life, right to privacy and right to health. Relevant provisions in CEDAW, ICCPR and ICESCR are analysed, together with general comments and reports issued by the treaty monitoring bodies of the UN. The second part of the thesis focuses on access to safe and legal abortion under the ECHR and examines relevant case-law from ECtHR on the topic. In addition to the legal dogmatic method, a feminist legal theory is used to critically evaluate whether the current protection of access to safe and legal abortion is sufficient from a women’s rights perspective. The author concludes that public international law does not offer any direct protection of access to safe and legal abortion. Instead, access to safe and legal abortion can be protected indirectly by other human rights. Restrictive abortion laws that results in risking the health and life of the mother can violate women’s human rights. Case-law from the ECtHR shows that European states are under a positive obligation to provide an effective access to abortion under the right to privacy, if the national law guarantees such a right. The result from the discussion based on feminist legal theory shows that public international law fails to recognise the abortion issue as a question of gender equality and discrimination against women.

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Babalola, Grace T., and Ademola Adedoyin. "A Statistical Review of the U.S. Abortion Policy Since the Ruling of Roe v. Wade." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/30.

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Since the ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973, controversy in regards to its acceptance in the U.S. remains prevalent politically and socially as opponents of abortion “pro-life” has adopted a strategy of “legal but inaccessible” that has resulted in the passage of several state laws since its establishment. This research project examines relationship between the level of support for abortion policy in the U.S. and some factors namely; Gender, Religious background, and Political ideology by drawing from an online-survey of 100 university students in the U.S. Also, it examines the difference in abortion rates among U.S. states that are governed by republican or democratic governors using abortion rate data of all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia for the year 2015 sourced from Abortion statistics and other data. Two statistical techniques were employed and they include: Chi-Square test and Independent sample T-test. Results from the chi-square tests support the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the support for abortion policy and gender, religious background, and political ideology. Also, from the T-test result, we found that there is no significant difference in abortion rates among U.S. states that are governed by republican or democratic governors. Findings based on the trend analysis of annual U.S. abortion from 1973-2015 shows that the reported annual abortion in the U.S. is on a continuous decrease since the 1990s even though abortion has been legalized in all U.S. states.

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Marniari, Kadek. "Is a right to abortion protective of women's reproductive health? : exploring a human rights dynamic of abortion law reform in Indonesia /." Oslo : Faculty of Law, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/jus/2008/80151/Thesis_DUO.pdf.

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Carneiro, Marta Camila Mendes de Oliveira [UNIFESP]. "Prevalência e características das mulheres com histórico de aborto." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9967.

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Por ser uma prática criminosa, o aborto provocado acaba sendo realizado clandestinamente tornando-se um grave problema de Saúde Pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de estimar a prevalência de mulheres em idade fértil com histórico de aborto. O estudo é transversal, resultante de uma amostra aleatória de mulheres 15 a 49 anos-, residentes no subdistrito da Vila Mariana, 2006. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicação de questionários. Foi considerada como variável dependente classificação da mulher quanto ao aborto: sem aborto, aborto espontâneo e aborto provocado; e independentes: idade, defasagem do número ideal de filhos, atividade remunerada, escolaridade, estado civil, uso de contraceptivos e opinião sobre o aborto provocado. Para análises foram utilizados testes de qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística multinomial policotômica. Dentre o total de mulheres entrevistadas (n=1121), 84,4% (n=946) são de mulheres sem histórico de aborto; 11,2% (n=126) são de mulheres com histórico de aborto espontâneo e, 4,4% (n=49) são de mulheres com histórico de aborto provocado. A razão de chances de ter realizado aborto provocado sobre a sem aborto é 6,33 vezes maior (p0,001) entre mulheres que aceitam esta prática; 4,58 vezes maior (p=0,002) entre as mulheres que possuem menos de 4 anos de estudo e ainda, as chances da mulher declarar um aborto provocado comparado às sem aborto é 7% maior a cada ano em que a mulher envelhece. Dentre as 1121 mulheres, 49,5% (n=555) declararam ter tido alguma gravidez. Para que engravidaram a prevalência de mulheres com aborto espontâneo foi de 22,7% (n=126) de aborto provocado 8,85 (n=49). A razão de chances de ter realizado aborto provocado sobre a sem aborto é 28,34 vezes maior (p0,001) entre as que não possuem nenhum filho nascido vivo; 6,42 vezes maior (p0,001) entre as que aceitam esta prática; 4,96 vezes maior (p=0,002) entre as que possuem menos de 4 anos de estudo; e as chances de declarar um aborto provocado comparado as sem aborto é 8% maior a cada ano a mais de vida. Por outra parte, este estudo revela ainda que entre o total de mulheres a razão de chances de ter tido aborto espontâneo sobre a sem aborto é 0,34 (p0,001) entre as mulheres que não possuem nenhum filho nascido vivo; e, as chances da mulher declarar um aborto espontâneo comparado às sem aborto é 4% maior a cada ano de idade da mulher. O comportamento reprodutivo das mulheres deste estudo é equiparável ao das residentes em países desenvolvidos. Ao ter acesso a métodos contraceptivos considerados eficazes o aborto provocado legalizado, não seria utilizado de forma irresponsável.
Induced abortions are illegal in Brazil, leading many women to seek out clandestine clinics and practitioners, resulting in a serious public health problem. The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of women in the general population of fertile age with a history of abortion. This is a retrospective transversal study, based on a random sample of women – 15 to 49 years old –, residing at the Vila Mariana neighborhood of São Paulo in 2006. Data was collected through questionnaires. As the dependent variable we used different abortion categories, reflecting different types of experiences with abortion, which included: no abortion, spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. As independent variables we used: age, the difference between number of children and ideal number of children, employment and marital status, level of education, use of contraceptives, and personal opinion about induced abortion. Analyses were carried out using chi-square tests and polytomous multinomial logistic regressions. Furthermore, 84,4% (n=946) had no history of abortion; 11,2% (n=126) indicated having had a spontaneous abortion; and 4.4% (n=49) indicated having had an induced abortion. We found that it is 6,33 times more likely (p0,001) to have had an induced abortion versus no abortion among women who are pro-choice; 4,58 times more likely (p=0,002) among women who have less than 4 years of formal education; and the chances of a woman admitting an induced abortion compared to no abortion are 7% higher for each additional year of age. We surveyed a total of 1121 women, among which 49.5% (n=555) indicated that they had been pregnant at least once. Among the latter, 22,7% (n=126) indicated having at least one spontaneous abortion and 8,85% (n=49) indicated having at least one induced abortion. Our results show that among women with no live birth pregnancies it is 28,34 times more likely that they have undergone induced abortion versus no abortion (p0,005); among those that are pro-choice it is 6,42 times more likely (p0,001); among those who have less than 4 years of formal education it is 4,96 times more likely (p=0,002); and the chances of admitting to an induced abortion versus no abortion increases by 8% higher for each additional year of age. Finally, this study reveals that women with no live births are 0,34 more likely (p0,001) to have had an spontaneous abortion versus no abortion; and the chances of a woman admitting spontaneous abortion compared to no abortion is 4% higher for each additional year of age. In conclusion, the reproductive behavior of women in this study is comparable to the behavior of women who live in developed countries. With broad access to effective contraceptive methods, legalized induced abortion would not be carried out irresponsibly.
TEDE

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Peluso, Anthony. "A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Abortion Attitudes and Perceptions among Women Living in Alabama and South Carolina." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3794.

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Legal induced abortion is a safe option for terminating a pregnancy for women of reproductive age in the United States (U.S.), though access has varied since the Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton cases in 1973. Information is lacking on women’s attitudes toward and perceptions of abortion as well as on related constructs such as pregnancy attitudes and contraceptive use. Exploring these constructs is important in that it can provide much needed context to women’s reproductive life planning. This research aimed to explore perceptions of abortion access and safety and examine the potential associations between attitudes toward abortion access and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively, among women living in Alabama and South Carolina. Secondary data were from two representative, statewide surveys of reproductive-aged women (18-44 years) living in Alabama and South Carolina. This mixed-methods research used thematic analysis to categorize open-ended responses regarding perceptions of abortion access and safety and bivariate (χ2 tests) and multivariate analyses to assess the relationships between abortion attitudes and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively. In Study 1, half of women (50.0%) thought that an abortion was very or somewhat easy to obtain and less than half women (41.2%) perceived abortion as very or somewhat safe in their state. The most common open-ended response themes were abortion legality and restrictions and abortion as similar to any medical procedure. In Study 2, women who were ambivalent about pregnancy avoidance or who found it unimportant to avoid pregnancy were less likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion care should be available to women in their community compared to those who found it important to avoid pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 0.53 and 0.55, respectively). In Study 3, contraceptive users were more likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion should be available to women in their community than contraceptive non-users (aOR, 1.43). There are clear opportunities for key stakeholders in reproductive health and health policy to unite in efforts to create woman-centered practices, programs, and policies to meet the reproductive health needs of the women they serve.

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Peluso, Anthony. "A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Abortion Attitudes and Perceptions among Women Living in Alabama and South Carolina." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3794.

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Legal induced abortion is a safe option for terminating a pregnancy for women of reproductive age in the United States (U.S.), though access has varied since the Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton cases in 1973. Information is lacking on women’s attitudes toward and perceptions of abortion as well as on related constructs such as pregnancy attitudes and contraceptive use. Exploring these constructs is important in that it can provide much needed context to women’s reproductive life planning. This research aimed to explore perceptions of abortion access and safety and examine the potential associations between attitudes toward abortion access and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively, among women living in Alabama and South Carolina. Secondary data were from two representative, statewide surveys of reproductive-aged women (18-44 years) living in Alabama and South Carolina. This mixed-methods research used thematic analysis to categorize open-ended responses regarding perceptions of abortion access and safety and bivariate (χ2 tests) and multivariate analyses to assess the relationships between abortion attitudes and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively. In Study 1, half of women (50.0%) thought that an abortion was very or somewhat easy to obtain and less than half women (41.2%) perceived abortion as very or somewhat safe in their state. The most common open-ended response themes were abortion legality and restrictions and abortion as similar to any medical procedure. In Study 2, women who were ambivalent about pregnancy avoidance or who found it unimportant to avoid pregnancy were less likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion care should be available to women in their community compared to those who found it important to avoid pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 0.53 and 0.55, respectively). In Study 3, contraceptive users were more likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion should be available to women in their community than contraceptive non-users (aOR, 1.43). There are clear opportunities for key stakeholders in reproductive health and health policy to unite in efforts to create woman-centered practices, programs, and policies to meet the reproductive health needs of the women they serve.

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Leiva, Rioja Zoila. "Public policies of sexual and reproductive health in Peru: the introduction of therapeutic abortion regulation into the government’s political agenda." Politai, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91986.

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The objective of the present article is to analyze the process of introducing the regulation of therapeutic abortion into the peruvian governmental agenda, identifying the factors that came together to generate such event, the period of study being between the years 2005 to 2014. The investigation corroborates that said event was possible due to the confluence of certain political and institutional factors on the national stages, the strategy of groups in favor (pro-choice) and against (pro-life) the regulation, and international influence.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de ingreso de la reglamentación del aborto terapéutico en la agenda política gubernamental peruana, así como identificar los factores que confluyeron para generar dicho ingreso, siendo el periodo de estudio entre los años 2005 y 2014. La investigación corrobora que dicho ingreso fue posible gracias a la confluencia de ciertos factores políticos e institucionales del ámbito nacional, de las estrategias de los grupos a favor (pro-elección) y en contra (pro-vida) de la reglamentación, y de la influencia internacional.

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Santana, Danielly Scaranello Nunes 1982. "Morbidade materna grave por aborto no Brasil." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310051.

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Orientador: José Guilherme Cecatti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O aborto ainda hoje se relaciona a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna. O near miss materno, que segundo a OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) corresponde aquela mulher que quase morreu, mas sobreviveu a complicações durante a gestação, parto ou até 42 dias após o término da gestação, é entendido atualmente como importante marcador de saúde. Porém pouco se sabe sobre a associação do near miss com o aborto. Objetivos: avaliar a ocorrência do aborto espontâneo e induzido e da morbidade materna grave associada ao aborto, referida por mulheres em um inquérito populacional; avaliar a ocorrência de complicações maternas graves associadas ao aborto em um estudo de vigilância prospectiva de casos de complicações obstétricas graves em centros brasileiros de referência. Métodos: Um primeiro estudo foi realizado através da análise secundária da PNDS (Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde) do Brasil de 2006, com informações de entrevistas sobre a experiência do abortamento espontâneo e induzido, fatores associados e complicações decorrentes do parto e aborto. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de morbidade materna grave associada ao abortamento e realizou-se análise múltipla por regressão logística foi utilizada para identificar os fatores independentemente associados com os dois tipos de aborto. Um segundo estudo de corte transversal multicêntrico, com vigilância prospectiva dos casos de CPAV (condição potencialmente ameaçadora da vida), NMM (near miss materno) e MM (morte materna) avaliou as complicações obstétricas decorrentes do aborto, as características socio-demográficas e obstétricas das mulheres, as condições de segurança do aborto e procedimentos médicos utilizados. Estimou-se a razão de prevalência ajustada pelo efeito de cluster do desenho e seus respectivos IC95%; uma análise múltipla por regressão logística foi utilizada para identificar os fatores independentemente associados à maior gravidade. Resultados: no inquérito epidemiológico obteve-se num total de 15542 mulheres uma prevalência de aborto espontâneo de 13,3% e de aborto induzido de 2,3% para todo o Brasil, estando ambos associados a um maior risco de morbidade materna grave. Os fatores relacionados ao maior risco de complicações foram a idade entre 40 e 49 anos, o número de filhos e de partos até um. As complicações mais comuns foram as hemorrágicas e infecciosas. No estudo multicêntrico, do total de 9555 mulheres, 2,5% apresentaram complicações secundárias ao aborto; dessas, 81,9% apresentaram CPAV, 15,2% NMM e 3% MM. A causa infecciosa foi a mais frequentemente associada ao aborto inseguro dentre os casos de CPAV. Os critérios de manejo foram mais importantes no aborto inseguro para os casos de NMM e MM. Na análise multivariada associaram-se à maior gravidade a presença de alguma demora e a ausência de companheiro. Conclusão: No Brasil o aborto é responsável por uma pequena porcentagem das complicações da gestação, porém as gestações terminadas em aborto apresentaram maior risco de complicações mais graves que aquelas terminadas em parto. Portanto há maior risco dessas complicações evoluirem desfavoravelmente para NMM ou MM
Abstract: Introduction: Still today abortion is associated with high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. The maternal near miss, according to WHO (World Health Organization) it corresponds that woman who almost died but survived a complication during pregnancy, delivery or until 42 days postpartum, is currently understood as an important health indicator. However little is known on the association of near miss with abortion. Objectives: to evaluate the occurrence of spontaneous and induced abortion and its associated severe maternal morbidity, as referred by women in a population survey; to evaluate the occurrence of severe maternal complications associated with abortion in a study of prospective surveillance of cases of severe maternal morbidity in Brazilian referral centers. Methods: A first study was performed with a secondary analysis of data from the 2006 Brazilian DHS (Demographic Health Survey), with information from interviews on the experience of women on spontaneous and induced abortion, associated factors and complications corresponding of delivery and abortion. The occurrence of severe maternal morbidity associated with abortion was evaluated and a multiple analysis by logistic regression was used to identify the factors independently associated with both types of abortion. A second multicenter cross sectional study, with prospective surveillance of all cases of PLTC (potentially life threatening condition), MNM (maternal near miss) and MD (maternal death), evaluated the obstetric complications due to abortion, the socio-demographic characteristics of the women, safety for abortion and medical procedures used. The prevalence ratio adjusted by the cluster effect of the design was estimated together with their respective 95%CI, and a multiple analysis by logistic regression was used to identify the factors independently associated to higher severity. Results: in the epidemiological survey, from the total 15542 women, the prevalence of spontaneous abortion was 13.3% and of induced abortion was 2.3% for Brazil, and both were associated with a higher risk of severe maternal morbidity. The factors associated with the higher risk of complications were maternal age between 40 and 49 year and the number of children and deliveries until one. The commonest complications were hemorrhage and infection. In the multicenter study, from the total 9555 women, 2.5% had complications due to abortion; among them, 81.9% had PLTC, 15.2% MNM and 3% MD. Infection was the most frequent cause of unsafe abortion among cases of PLTC. The management criteria were more important for unsafe abortion among cases of MNM and MD. In the multivariate analysis the presence of any delay and the absence of a partner were associated with the higher severity of maternal morbidity. Conclusion: In Brazil abortion is responsible for a small percentage of complications of pregnancy, however those finished in abortion represent a higher risk of complications more severe than those finished in delivery. Therefore there is a higher risk of these complications having an unfavorable evolution to MNM or MD
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

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Sjöstrand, Frida. "Nurses' experiences of attending women in pre- and post-abortion care - A qualitative interview study with nurses in the public health sector in Argentina." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26227.

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Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av abortvård i den offentliga vården i provinserna Neuquén och Río Negro, Argentina. Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar i primärvården möter kvinnor i behov av abort men på grund av den restriktiva lagstiftningen beror vården som erbjuds på den enskilda sjukvårdspersonalen. Abort är olagligt i Argentina, med några få undantag, och även om sjukvårdspersonal är skyldig att erbjuda eftervård vid abort så är illegala aborter den vanligaste orsaken till mödradödlighet i landet. Metod: En kvalitativ studiedesign med semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sju sjuksköterskor, som valdes genom ändamålsenligt urval. Insamlad data analyserades genom Philip Burnards metod för innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier; Relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient, Betydelsen av stöd och kunskap för att vårda, Sjuksköterskans inställning till abort och förebyggande metoder och Upplevelsen av hinder i abortvården. Varje kategori delades in i två underkategorier. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenhet av för- och eftervård vid abort skiljde sig åt beroende på deras bakgrund, arbetsplats och inställning till abort. Flera sjuksköterskor kände sig begränsade av den restriktiva lagstiftningen, brist på kunskap och stöd från kollegor. Genom att utbilda sig själva och skapa nätverk med annan hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal så kunde många av sjuksköterskorna erbjuda vård till kvinnor i behov av abort eller eftervård.
Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate the experiences of registered nurses attending women in pre- and/or post-abortion care in the public health sector in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro, Argentina.Background: Nurses working in primary care are receiving women in need of abortion but due to the restrictive law the care provided depends on the individual health professional. Abortion is illegal in Argentina with few exceptions and even though health professionals in the public health sector are obliged to provide post-abortion care clandestine abortion is the major cause of maternal mortality. Methods: A qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews with seven nurses selected by purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed using the method of content analysis outlined by Philip Burnard.Results: Four categories emerged from the analysis; Nurse-patient relationship, Nurses approach to abortion and preventive measures, Significance of support and knowledge in providing care and Experiencing obstacles in abortion care. Each category was divided into two subcategories. Conclusion: The nurse’s experiences of pre- and post-abortion care varied due to their background, workplace and attitude on abortion. Several nurses felt limited by the restrictive law and lack of knowledge and support from co-workers. However by educating themselves and creating networks with other health professionals many nurses were accompanying women in need of abortion or post-abortion care.

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Cha, Susan. "Reproductive Health and Behavior: The Role of Abuse and Couple Pregnancy Intent." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4000.

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Background: Rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP), a pregnancy occurring less than 24 months from a prior birth, and unintended pregnancy-related induced abortions can be prevented with family planning. However, few studies have adequately addressed the role of male partners in reproductive decision-making. Objectives: The goal of this research is to understand the interrelationships between couple pregnancy intention, intimate partner violence (IPV), reproductive health and behaviors. Specifically, this project aims to: (1) examine the extent to which couple pregnancy intentions are associated with RRP and (2) induced abortions among women in the U.S., and (3) examine the extent to which IPV around the time of pregnancy is associated with postpartum birth control use by race/ethnicity and receipt of prenatal contraceptive counseling among U.S. women with live births. Methods: This project uses data from the 2006-2010 National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG), and the 2004-2008 national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). RRP and induced abortion of first pregnancy were self-reported in the NSFG. Couple pregnancy intentions were categorized as: both intended (M+P+), both unintended (M-P-), maternal intended and paternal unintended (M+P-), maternal unintended and paternal intended (M-P+). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between couple pregnancy intentions and RRP and induced abortion. Data on IPV and postpartum contraceptive use came from PRAMS. Stratified analyses were conducted to assess differences in the association by race/ethnicity and receipt of prenatal contraceptive counseling. Results: Compared to couples where pregnancy was intended by both, those with discordant pregnancy intentions and both unintended pregnancy had greater odds of induced abortion. The odds of RRP was higher for M-P+ couples and lower for M+P- couples. Abused women were significantly less likely to report postpartum contraceptive use. This was particularly true for Hispanic women who reported no prenatal birth control counseling and all other racial/ethnic groups who received birth control counseling. Conclusion: Health providers may need to consider the interpersonal dynamics of couple-based decision-making and behaviors to prevent RRP and induced abortions due to unintended pregnancy. Providers should discuss contraceptive options that are not partner-dependent within the context of abusive relationships.

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Reboucas, Melina S?fora Souza. "O aborto provocado como uma possibilidade na exist?ncia da mulher: reflex?es fenomenol?gico-existenciais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17463.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Abortion is a very controversial and stigmatized subject, target of many criticism and discussions, mainly regarding to the legal, bioethical and religious aspects involved. In Brazil, abortion is considered a serious public health problem, being the major cause of maternal death due to its criminalization. The woman who causes an abortion is not up looked by society, since motherhood, culturally and historically, was imposed as a destination. Our main goal is to understand, from the existential-phenomenological perspective, the unique experience of the woman who induced the abortion This study is an offshoot of a larger study from USP in partnership with UFRN. Our participants were women who checked in on a maternity hospital in Natal with a miscarriage diagnosis and, among them, those who reported having induced abortion. Altogether, five women were interviewed. The used method was a phenomenological hermeneutics. The research revealed that the experience of abortion is a possibility that permeates women s life, being understood as a choice. This choice pervaded by much suffering, once it goes against everything that women are culturally taught and meant to be. The feeling more surfacing in this experiment, confirming the literature review, was blame. Abortion was also shown as an experience of helplessness and loneliness, due to lack of support from family and the partner. It was also revealed that abortion was made, mainly, by the desire of going along with future projects, including the prosecute of motherhood in the therms of what they consider ideal to a son s arrival, meaning, a family formation grounded on a stable relationship. Regarding the care provided by health professionals to these women, there is the need of restructuring the operating logic of SUS, so that women have the right to health in a integrate manner. This experience also made women reconsider the meanings they had towards abortion, and their life projects
O aborto provocado ? um tema bastante pol?mico e estigmatizado, sendo alvo de muitas cr?ticas e discuss?es, principalmente no que se refere aos aspectos legais, bio?ticos e religiosos envolvidos. No Brasil, o aborto ? considerado um grave problema de sa?de p?blica, sendo um dos maiores causadores de morte materna devido ? sua criminaliza??o. A mulher que provoca um aborto n?o ? bem vista pela sociedade, uma vez que a maternidade, cultural e historicamente, lhe foi imposta como destino. O nosso principal objetivo ? compreender, a partir da perspectiva fenomenol?gico-existencial, a experi?ncia singular dessa mulher que provocou o aborto. O presente estudo ? um desdobramento de uma pesquisa mais ampla da USP em parceria com a UFRN. As nossas participantes foram mulheres que deram entrada em uma maternidade da cidade de Natal com diagn?stico de abortamento e, dentre estas, as que relataram ter provocado o aborto. Ao todo, cinco mulheres foram entrevistadas. O m?todo utilizado foi a hermen?utica fenomenol?gica. A pesquisa revelou que a experi?ncia do aborto ? uma possibilidade que permeia a exist?ncia da mulher, sendo compreendido como uma escolha. Escolha essa perpassada por muito sofrimento, na medida em que a mulher se posiciona contra tudo o que lhe foi ensinado e destinado culturalmente. O sentimento que mais vem ? tona nessa experi?ncia, confirmando a revis?o de literatura, ? a culpa. O aborto tamb?m se mostrou como uma experi?ncia de desamparo e solid?o, devido ? falta de apoio da fam?lia e do parceiro. Tamb?m foi revelado que o aborto se deu, em grande parte, pelo desejo de dar continuidade aos projetos futuros, inclusive o exerc?cio da maternidade dentro do que consideram ideal para a chegada de um filho, isto ?, a constitui??o de uma fam?lia alicer?ada num relacionamento est?vel. No que refere ao atendimento prestado pelos profissionais de sa?de a essas mulheres, revela-se a necessidade de uma reestrutura??o da l?gica de funcionamento do SUS para que estas tenham direito a sa?de de forma integral. Essa experi?ncia tamb?m fez as mulheres reverem os significados que tinham em rela??o ao aborto, bem como os seus projetos de vida

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Santos, Danyelle Leonette Ara?jo dos. "Trajet?ria de mulheres e a participa??o masculina no processo de aborto provocado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14812.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
O aborto volunt?rio ? um fen?meno complexo devido ao estigma social imposto a este ato e ?s mulheres que o realizam. Por ser a gesta??o um evento pr?prio do corpo feminino, este p?blico ? visto como ?nico respons?vel pelas quest?es reprodutivas, bem como pela interrup??o da gravidez, sendo a corresponsabilidade masculina exclu?da deste contexto. Assim, a pesquisa em apre?o objetivou analisar a participa??o do homem no processo de decis?o do aborto provocado e seu significado para a mulher. Deste modo, realizou-se uma pesquisa interpretativa, com abordagem qualitativa, junto a 19 mulheres em situa??o de aborto, internadas na Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco. Para sele??o das participantes, estas deveriam ter idade igual ou superior a 18 anos; admitirem, livremente, a indu??o do aborto; apresentarem condi??es emocionais e/ou f?sicas favor?veis para responder aos questionamentos, isto ?, conscientes, sem efeitos de drogas anest?sicas, aus?ncia de sangramento abundante e dores. A coleta de dados ocorreu no per?odo de mar?o a agosto de 2013, por meio de entrevista em profundidade. Antecedeu esta etapa a anu?ncia da institui??o onde se desenvolveu o estudo, aprova??o pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, com Certificado de Apresenta??o e Aprecia??o ?tica n? 10332312.9.0000.5537. Ademais, solicitou-se ?s entrevistadas a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A an?lise dos dados ocorreu de acordo com a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simb?lico. Seguindo as etapas desses referenciais, foram elaboradas tr?s categorias, a saber: Decidindo sobre a interrup??o da gravidez ; Envolvendo o parceiro no processo decis?rio do aborto provocado e Concretizando a pr?tica abortiva . A an?lise das propriedades e dimens?es de tais categorias possibilitou a constru??o da categoria central Vivenciando a trajet?ria abortiva . Deste modo, evidenciou-se que os homens participaram do itiner?rio do aborto. Por?m, seu envolvimento aconteceu de forma mais ativa quando havia estabilidade no relacionamento amoroso. Nestes casos, eles envolveram-se buscando informa??es sobre o referido ato e adquirindo o m?todo abortivo. Em todas as etapas desta trajet?ria, as mulheres interagiram consigo mesma, o parceiro, a gravidez, o feto e os valores presentes no contexto sociocultural em que vivem. Portanto, conclui-se que os homens participaram da decis?o feminina de abortar, mesmo quando se exclu?ram do processo. Pois, as atitudes deles frente a uma gravidez n?o planejada e indesejada levaram as participantes a refletirem sobre as dificuldades de criar um filho sem o apoio financeiro e parental do parceiro. Diante disso, entende-se ser relevante que os profissionais de sa?de atuantes nos servi?os de planejamento familiar, em especial o enfermeiro, ofere?am maior aten??o ao p?blico masculino, na tentativa de promover reflex?es capazes de conduzi-lo a comportamentos de coparticipa??o junto ? mulher nas quest?es conceptivas e contraceptivas

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Assucena, Bianca Moraes. "Encontros nas práticas de saúde: um outro ponto de vista." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6209.

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prestados às mulheres em situação de aborto, em um hospital público, vale pontuar, que no processo de amadurecimento da pesquisa, durante o trabalho de campo, optamos em incluir, mulheres em suspeita de aborto e demais observações das práticas dos referidos profissionais. A discussão do aborto é polêmica, difícil e está em pauta em distintos cenários, sendo esta discussão reflexo do debate presente na sociedade e assim, considerando que mulheres em situação de aborto, necessitam serem atendidas nos serviços de saúde com respeito e responsabilidade por todos os profissionais, a postura do profissional de saúde no atendimento prestado é fundamental, logo, este estudo buscou analisar as práticas dos profissionais nestes atendimentos. A metodologia adotada foi da observação participante, onde o setor escolhido foi a emergência da unidade, chamada de admissão, que é a porta de entrada, um setor de grande rotatividade, tanto de profissionais, como de pessoas a serem atendidas. Buscou-se desvendar a partir dos encontros que acontecem na admissão, as normas, rotinas e o perfil dos atendimentos prestados às mulheres em situação de aborto. O estudo apontou para processos vividos no cotidiano das práticas, que expomos através das secções: É charminho?; Invisibilidade Ninguém percebe; Não Julgar, é?; Silenciamento; Sabe que é errado...; Diálogo entre os sentados; Como garantir o atendimento? - O lado artístico da população Eles vão ter que resolver isso... e A evocação do direito; Pares?; Ser bom? Você viu quantos papéis temos que preencher? Identificou questões de tensionamento sobre o não dito, algo que encontra-se naturalizado no cotidiano das práticas. Um diagnóstico da situação de invisibilidade do outro e de suas questões, bem como de silenciamento dos profissionais de saúde. Somente foi possível o encontro com esta percepção, através do estranhamento daquilo que nos era familiar, sendo esta vivência um espaço de tensionamento de posturas tomadas por nós profissionais no cotidiano das práticas.
This study aims to analyze the practices of health professionals in the care given to women undergoing abortion in a public hospital worth punctuate that the maturation process of the research, during the fieldwork, we chose to include women on suspicion of abortion and other observations of the practices of these professionals. The discussion of abortion is controversial, difficult and is on the agenda in different scenarios, this discussion reflects the debate in this society and so, considering that women undergoing abortion, need to be addressed in health care with respect and responsibility for all Professional, the professional attitude of health care provided is critical, therefore, this study investigates the practices of professionals in these services. The methodology was participant observation, where the sector was chosen to drive emergency, call admission, which is the gateway to a high turnover industry, both professionals as people to be met. We attempted to unravel from the meetings that happen at admission norms, routines and profile of care provided to women undergoing abortion. The study pointed to processes experienced in everyday practices that we expose through the categories: Is she being charming? Invisibility - No one perceives; Do not judge, right?; Silencing; know what is wrong ...; Dialogue between sitting; Ensuring the care? - The artistic side of the population - "They will have to solve this ..." and the evocation of law; Couple?; Being Good? You saw how many roles we have to fill?. Identified issues about the unspoken tension, something that is naturalized in everyday practices. A diagnosis of the situation of invisibility another and their issues as well as the silencing of health professionals. Was only possible encounter with this perception, through the strangeness of what was familiar, and this living space tensioning positions taken by us in everyday professionals practice.

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Clemente, Aleksandro. "A legalização do aborto no Brasil: uma questão de Saúde Pública?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6136.

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This paper discusses the controversial issue of the abortion legalization in Brazil based on careful analysis of the argument that this would be a necessary measure to address a public health problem, which is: the high rate of maternal mortality caused by the illegal practice of abortion. The subject studied in this academic research seeks to know whether this argument - that the abortion legalization is a necessary measure to address a public health problem - resists a more accurate and rational analysis, even if legal abortion could be upheld by Brazilian legal system. This paper seeks to investigate some hypothesis: 1st - Legalizing abortion is a necessary or proper to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality in Brazil and perfectly compatible with our legal system; 2nd - Legalizing abortion is a necessary or proper to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality in Brazil, however, it have no support in the Brazilian legal system, 3rd - Abortion legalization is no solution to reduce the maternal mortality rate in Brazil, but the Brazilian legal system have no obstacles to such an extent , 4th - The abortion legalization is not a solution to reduce the maternal mortality rate in Brazil and also finds no support in the Brazilian legal system. We analyzed the issue of abortion legalization in Brazil in a rational and objective way, studying Brazilian and also other countries legislation considering the subject. Furthermore, the findings obtained in this study are based on surveys and statistics compiled and disseminated by various institutions - public and private - as well as government agencies, including the Brazilian Health Ministry
O presente trabalho debate a polêmica questão da legalização do aborto no Brasil a partir da análise criteriosa do argumento de que esta seria uma medida necessária para solucionar um problema de saúde pública, qual seja: o alto índice de mortalidade materna ocasionado pela prática do aborto clandestino. A problemática estudada nesta pesquisa acadêmica busca saber se esse argumento - o de que a legalização do aborto é uma medida necessária para solucionar um problema de saúde pública resiste a uma análise mais apurada e racional e, ainda, se a legalização do aborto encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. As hipóteses que esse trabalho busca investigar são as seguintes: 1ª Legalizar o aborto é uma medida necessária ou adequada para reduzir o alto índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil e perfeitamente compatível com o nosso ordenamento jurídico; 2ª Legalizar o aborto é uma medida necessária ou adequada para reduzir o alto índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil, porém, não encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; 3ª A legalização do aborto não é solução para reduzir o índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil, embora no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não haja óbices para tal medida; 4ª A legalização do aborto não é solução para reduzir o índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil e também não encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Procuramos analisar a questão da legalização do aborto no Brasil de modo racional e objetivo, estudando a legislação brasileira acerca do assunto e também a legislação de outros países. Além disso, as conclusões obtidas neste trabalho se baseiam pesquisas e estatísticas elaboradas e divulgadas por diversas instituições pública e privadas - bem como por órgãos governamentais, dentre eles o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil

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Shirangi, Adeleh. "Occupational hazards in veterinary practice and possible effects on reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0087.

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[Truncated abstract] Veterinarians have considerable potential for exposure to several known reproductive hazards such as radiation, anaesthetic gases, pesticides, long working hours and occupational stress. Reproductive effects are a concern to female veterinarians, especially now that about 65% of graduates from Australian veterinary science schools are female. In the last two decades, there have been reports on the possible associations between occupational exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians, but most of them have been equivocal and the whole area remains controversial. More evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was conducted as a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools during the 40-year period 1960-2000. Of 5,748 eligible veterinarians who were sent the questionnaires (73% of the whole cohort), 2,800 replied including 1,197 females (42.8%). Among women veterinarians eligible to participate, 59% participated . . . Identification of these associations may provide the opportunity for preventing harmful exposures and thus reduce the risk of any adverse reproductive outcomes not only for veterinarians, but also for other groups exposed to these risks such as veterinary nurses, animal laboratory technicians, anaesthetists, dentists, dental assistants, and other similar professional groups. The author of this thesis, having completely addressed the research objectives of her doctoral candidacy, has set out and acted on a future research agenda designed to explore the association between perceived occupational stress and pregnancy outcomes and infertility in Australian female veterinarians.

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Ouedraogo, Ramatou. "« L'avortement, ses pratiques et ses soins ». une anthropologie des jeunes au prisme des normes sociales et des politiques publiques de santé au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0036/document.

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L'avortement provoqué sans indication médicale ou juridique dans les pays où il estinterdit comme au Burkina Faso pose à la fois un problème de santé publique et unproblème social. C'est cette double problématique que cette thèse a exploré pourexpliquer les difficultés que rencontre le pays à lutter contre les avortements à risque, etcomprendre les facteurs de l'accroissement de la pratique parmi les jeunes. Uneimmersion dans l'univers de l'avortement (structures sanitaires et vie de femmes etd'hommes ayant fait l'expérience de l'avortement) ainsi que des entretiens avecdifférents acteurs, ont permis de montrer que la manière dont l'avortement est pensé ettraité dans l'espace public burkinabè concourt à créer des obstacles rédhibitoires à saconstitution en problème réel de santé publique et à sa gestion efficiente. Il est conçusocialement comme une déviance et est fortement reprouvé. Les stigmates consécutifs àcette déviance et ses enjeux moraux et symboliques marquent alors de leur sceau leprocessus conduisant à la reconnaissance sociale et politique du problème. Parconséquent, l'avortement est partiellement inscrit à l'agenda des politiques publiques desanté, et les recours et les modalités d'accès aux services d'avortement dans lesstructures sanitaires s'en trouvent fortement influencés. Quant à l'occurrence del'avortement parmi les jeunes, elle a trait aux pratiques des jeunes urbains dans uncontexte marqué par une mutation des modes d'accès au statut d'adulte et une précaritééconomique et statutaire. Ce travail montre que les grossesses qui aboutissent auxavortements sont la conjugaison d'une hétéronomie des jeunes femmes et dedynamiques d'individuation dans leurs « débrouilles » pour devenir adulte et pourréussir dans la ville de Ouagadougou. À ce titre, cette recherche apporte unecontribution aux réflexions dans les champs de l'anthropologie des jeunes et del'anthropologie de la santé
Induced abortion without medical or legal request in countries where it is prohibitedsuch as Burkina Faso poses both a public health and social problems. It is this doubleproblematic that this thesis explored in order to understand the causes of the difficultiesfacing the country to fight against unsafe abortions, and the factors that increased thispractice among young people. Immersion in abortion universe (health facilities andlives of women and men who have experienced abortion) and interviews with variousactors, have shown that the way abortion is thought and treated in public space combineto create insurmountable obstacles to its constitution as a real public health problem andits efficient management. It is designed as a deviance and it is highly reprobated.Consecutive stigmata due to this deviance and its moral and symbolic issues mark theirseals to the process leading to social and political recognition of the problem. Therefore,abortion is partially on the public health policies agenda, and access to abortion servicesin health structures are accordingly influenced. The occurrence of abortion among youthrefers to practices among “young people” in a context marked by a mutation of the wayof accessing social adulthood status, as well as economic and statutory precariousness.This work shows that pregnancies that lead to abortions are the combination of aheteronomy and individuation impulses within young women in their resourcefulness tobecome adult and succeed socially and economically in the city of Ouagadougou. Thisresearch therefore contributes to studies in the fields of anthropology of the subject andthe anthropology of health

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Magnusson, Brianna Michele. "Predictors of Early Onset of Sexual Intercourse in Male and Female Residents of the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1709.

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Moundaka, Iris ursula. "Obstacles à l'accès aux soins d'urgences suite aux complications des avortements non sécurisés dans la province du Moyen Ogooué au Gabon : aspects juridique, socioculturel et médical." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080040.

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Cette thèse aborde dans la première partie une revue panoramique des controverses historico-juridiques autour de l’avortement dans le monde, suivi par une analyse du contexte socioculturel des attitudes et des pratiques liées aux rapports sociaux de sexe, aux grossesses non désirées et à l’avortement non sécurisé. Enfin, nous examinons les articulations entre la médecine traditionnelle, coloniale et moderne au Gabon. Tout cela nous amène à notre étude sur les barrières à l’accès aux soins modernes chez les femmes en situation d’urgence médicale.L’objectif de cette thèse doctorale est d’élaborer et d’appliquer, dans sa deuxième partie, une méthodologie pour étudier le réseau des acteurs impliqués dans les pratiques liées aux avortements afin de mieux comprendre les résistances aux changements socio-cliniques et juridiques. Quel est le système de soins formel et informel chez les prestataires médicaux de soins en matière d'avortement et quels sont les obstacles que les praticiens et les femmes doivent franchir pour fournir (les praticiens) et obtenir (les femmes) ce service ? Spécifiquement une investigation des interactions sociales et institutionnelles en milieu hospitalier de Lambaréné et dans les zones rurales environnantes a été réalisée. Elle nous a conduit à déceler différentes barrières extra médicales et intra médicales à l’accès aux soins d’urgence suite aux complications des avortements non sécurisés. Ainsi, nous nous sommes concentrés, d’une part, sur les discours des professionnels de la santé, leurs pratiques et les contextes de soins ; et d’autre part, nous avons privilégié les récits des femmes sur les stratégies à interrompre les grossesses avec ou sans l'aide médicale et sur leurs stratégies d’accès aux soins modernes malgré les obstacles.Les résultats obtenus à partir des entretiens, après l’analyse de contenus, montrent qu’en pratique, il existe d'importantes barrières à l'accès aux soins d’urgences. Ces difficultés débutent dans leur environnement social avec la recherche des produits abortifs et les premiers traitements (automédication, aller en pharmacie ou chez le tradithérapeute). En cas de complications aggravées, les obstacles extra médicaux s’amplifient avec la distance géographique, les problèmes de transport et des moyens financiers. Par ailleurs, une fois ces obstacles plus ou moins franchis, les femmes doivent encore affronter les obstacles intra médicaux dans la prise en charge des urgences. Fournir un accès aux services d’avortement sans risque pour les Gabonaises est l’un des grands défis auquel nous devons faire face actuellement. Cette thèse contribue à dénoncer tout haut ce qui se passe de manière informelle dans la société gabonaise. Les femmes vivent des situations tragiques
This dissertation begins with a broad overview of juridical and historical controversies surrounding abortion in the world followed by an analysis of attitudes and practices in diverse socio-cultural contexts linked to gender relations, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. We then examine articulations between traditional, colonial and modern medicine in Gabon. That panorama brings us to our study of the obstacles women with medical emergencies face in accessing modern health care.The objective of this doctoral research is to elaborate and apply a methodology for studying the network of actors involved in practices connected to abortion in order to better understand resistance to socio-clinical and juridical change. What is the formal and informal health care system of medical providers in matters related to abortion and what are the obstacles that providers and women must transverse to offer (providers) and obtain (women) this service? Specifically, an investigation of social and institutional interactions was conducted in urban hospital settings and in surrounding rural areas. That led us to detect different extra-medical and intra-medical barriers to emergency care access following unsafe abortion complications. In this way, we focused, on one side, upon the discourse, practices and medical contexts of health professionals while, on the other side, privileging the accounts women recited of their strategies for terminating pregnancies with or without medical help and for accessing modern care despite the obstacles.Content analysis of interviews revealed major barriers to emergency care access. Those difficulties start in the social environment with the search for abortion products and for initial treatments (self-medication and visits to the pharmacy or to traditional practitioners). In cases of advanced complications, extra-medical obstacles intensify with greater geographic distance, transportation problems and insufficient financial means. Moreover, once those obstacles are more or less overcome, women must then confront intra-medical obstacles within emergency care hospital units. Providing access to safe abortion for Gabonese women in current times is one of the great challenges we must confront. This dissertation contributes to a loud vocal denunciation of informal happenings in the society of Gabon. Women live tragic circumstances

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E, Qinyu. "Creating Demand for Abortion Service: A Content Analysis of Chinese Television Abortion Advertisements." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437658749.

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Hernandez, Cory D. "What do abortion policies accomplish? : understanding how abortion laws and court cases affect public opinion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95548.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 114-124).
Abortion is a loaded, controversial, and divisive sociocultural and political term, concept, and debate. Yet little empirical research has been conducted to examine what effects abortion rights legislation and court cases have had on the public and our society. After analyzing a broad overview of the history of the abortion rights debate in the US, I conduct bivariate and multivariate regression analyses from 1972-2004 using NES and personally-collected data to see how these laws and court opinions in various states at the individual level influence public opinion of abortion rights and of the government. In the end, I conclude that, of the possible iterated relationships therefrom, anti-choice policies have statistically significant impacts on both how people view abortion rights and their own state governments. In doing so, I challenge extant models that describe the interaction between public opinion and policy. I also further develop the idea of Policy Overreach, where policymakers go "too far"-at least, in the eyes of the public-in setting anti-choice policies, causing the public to retaliate in various ways. Not only does this thesis answer some important questions, but also introduces new measures, concepts, questions, and data for future research into this important area of study.
by Cory D. Hernandez.
S.M.

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Wong, Stephanie Lynne. "Health implications of Hong Kong abortion laws." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193849.

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Abortion is a difficult topic to discuss and grasp. Whether it is a dilemma of personal morals and ethics, religion, or simply the nature of the act – the privacy and intimacy of an abortion often causes uneasiness when discussing. To make matters more difficult, there are many issues to consider in addition to deciding whether one wants to attain an abortion; social stigma, cost, parental consent, procedure availability, and more may exacerbate the woman’s situation. In Hong Kong, where the number of legal abortion procedures are limited in public hospitals and costs soar to extreme amounts, many women seeking abortions fall through the cracks and must seek alternative ways of having this time-sensitive procedure fulfilled. As Hong Kong continues to Westernize and liberally develop into comparably one of the most advanced cities in the world, it is important to note that Hong Kong law does not permit a women to rightfully attain a abortion by mere free will. This report seeks to analyze the trials and tribulations that women must face to prevent the need of an abortion as well as the difficulties in procuring one. The methods of researching articles through scholarly sources is detailed and depicted with a flowchart; reasons for inclusion and exclusion are noted. Entailed in the results section is also a comprehensive analysis of the gaps in Hong Kong’s abortion laws; discussed are the problems women endure when trying to satisfy Hong Kong’s legal requirements for abortion procedures as well as when they avoid the legal and/or medical system altogether. Supporting evidence, facts, and figures of historical prices and methods of abortions are displayed in the results section to support the dissertation argument. Finally, a discussion involving recommendations and how to move forward are suggested in order to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and therefore abortions in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Carlson, Carolyn S. "Context effects on abortion questions who is inconsistent /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282005-155847/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Michael Binford, committee chair; Alison Calhoun-Brown, Stephen Nicholson, committee members. Electronic text (120 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 24, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109).

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Childress, John Daniel. "Advocacy, abortion and public policy towards a better understanding of the determinants of abortion in the aggregate /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/647751878/viewonline.

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Bologna, Estefany. "Effects of abortion on college women's mental health." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/822.

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Since the legalization of abortion, some research studies have argued that abortion has a neutral effect when considering other coexistent factors (e.g. Adler et al., 1990; Major et al., 2000; Steinberg & Russo, 2008). Other studies have concluded that abortion has a negative influence on women's psyche (e.g. Congleton & Calhoun, 1993; Cougle, Reardon, & Coleman, 2005; Hamana et al., 2010). College populations have been generally excluded from abortion research, even though, in 2007, 57% of women obtaining abortions were between the ages of 20 and 30 years (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). This study intended to measure the influence of induced abortion on the current mental health status of college women and describe the characteristics of women obtaining abortions. An online survey was administered to female college students (N= 46). The participants were divided into two pregnancy outcome groups: (1) women who reported a history of fetal deliveries, and (2) women who reported a history of abortion. Each group was asked if abortion or fetal delivery contributed to their current mental health status. Independent variables included the participants' pregnancy outcome (abortion vs. delivery) and establishing if abortion/fetal delivery contributed to current mental health (yes/no answer). The dependent variables included current psychological distress symptoms as measured by the nine primary symptom dimensions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The data were analyzed using a two-way mixed-design MANOVA. Evidence indicated that psychological symptoms were not dependent on respondents' perception of whether or not current mental health was affected by pregnancy outcome. This study does not support public policies or practice based on the belief that abortion emotionally harms women. Further research should concentrate in strategies to prevent unwanted pregnancy in order to reduce the need for abortion.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Goble, Kyle David. "Contraception and Induced Abortion as Minority Health Disparities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595033.

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With an unintended pregnancy rate of over 50% in the United States and with 40% of those unintended pregnancies being terminated via an induced abortion, it is easy to see that abortion is an important medical procedure with numerous social and political implications for both women and men. In addition, public health research has consistently shown persistent minority health disparities with respect to abortion utilization, contraception use, and unintended pregnancy rates in women of color in the United States. It is impossible to talk about abortion use without talking about contraceptive use. They are inseparable entities in the realm of understanding of why women seek out abortions. Knowledge of the current state of abortion and contraception access in the United States is critical to health providers and women if the goal is to decrease the rate of unintended pregnancy, and minority health disparities are an integral part of that goal. A basic understanding of the physiology underlying contraception, therefore, can help to inform opinions, and better evidence-based and less polarized, violent debate between the pro-life and pro-choice sides can better inform policy and access surrounding this important issue.

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Laughlin, Catherine Wagner 1950. "From option to action: The abortion decision in adolescence." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291403.

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Approximately 1.1 million adolescent women become pregnant every year, and nearly 40% choose to terminate their pregnancies. This study explored pregnancy termination decisions of sixteen adolescent females in the southwestern United States. A demographic and decision making survey, Smilkstein's, et al. (1981) Family and Friends' Apgars and a sexual knowledge inventory were used to measure factors relevant to abortion decisions in this age group. Some expected results of the study included a lack of sexual knowledge and a greater degree of satisfaction with friends than with family. Participants reported overall but conflicted satisfaction with their abortion decisions. The small sample size and the fact that the majority of the participants were interviewed immediately after their abortions limits the findings. Recommendation is made for nurses to take a more active role in pregnancy prevention, protection of legal rights, and counseling activities to respond to this health problem.

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Evans, Ann, and ann evans@anu edu au. "Motherhood or abortion: Pregnancy resolution decisions of Australian teenagers." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20021028.105146.

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Australia has a lower teenage fertility rate than other industrialised English-speaking countries. However, with over 11,000 births and 12,000 abortions to teenagers each year, the resolution of teenage pregnancy is an issue faced by many young Australian women. ¶ This research seeks to explore the factors that discriminate between those who terminate and those who continue a teenage pregnancy. To achieve this aim a survey was conducted on young ever-pregnant women throughout New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The survey sought information on young womens characteristics on three different levels: individual; institutional; and societal or cultural. ¶ The findings suggest that, at each of the three levels proposed, there are factors that discriminate between young women who choose abortion and those who choose motherhood. At the individual level, attitudes to abortion and career aspirations were found to affect pregnancy resolution. At the institutional level factors relating to education, family, relationships and religion were found to discriminate between the two groups. Finally, at the cultural level, ethnicity and area of residence were found to be associated with pregnancy resolution, in addition to modifying the effect of characteristics at other levels.

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Hansjee, Jateen. "Abortion as disruption: discourses surrounding abortion in the talk of men." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002493.

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This research examines men’s talk around abortion using critical discourse analysis. Current literature indicates a dearth of studies addressing the topic of men and abortion in various domains. An understanding of men’s relationship to abortion, however, is crucial to understanding abortion as a social phenomenon. This study utilises the work of Foucault around discourse and power, as well as Butler’s work on gender to create a theoretical framework to approach data. Data were collected in the form of interview groups made up of men, as well as newspaper articles and on-line forum discussions that featured men as the author. What emerged from theses texts was a ‘Familial Discourse’ which posits the nuclear, heterosexual family as a long term relationship between a mother and father, which forms the ideal site to raise children. Discourses that support the family are a discourse of ‘Equal Partnership’ which establishes the man and the woman as being in a heterosexual relationship where each partner is seen to have equal power, and a discourse of ‘Foetal Personhood’ which constructs the foetus as a child in need of a family. Related to the heterosexual matrix, the formation of a family unit comes to be constructed as ‘natural’. Abortion acts as a disruptor to these discourses. By disrupting the formation of the family unit, abortion negatively affects the individuals involved. A relationship where a formation of a family unit was disrupted cannot survive. If the female partner has an abortion without her partner, it is seen as disrupting the equal partnership between the man and the woman. Men in this case see themselves as ‘powerless’ compared to women. From this point a ‘New Man’ discourse emerges, where men position themselves as loving and responsible in the context of a nuclear, heterosexual family unit. Abortion disrupts ‘Foetal Personhood’ and is constructed as murder. In the case of rape the ‘Familial Discourse’ can be invoked either to justify abortion or resist abortion, based on whether or not a family unit can be formed. These discourses reproduce patriarchy.

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White, John Angus. "Legal Abortion: An Examination of Public Support from 1972 to 1988." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624402.

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Sigcau, Nomakhosi. "Public discourses on choice of termination of pregnancy in a rural area of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002564.

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A period of ten years has elapsed since the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act came into effect. Little has been done in South Africa to investigate public discourses concerning termination of pregnancy since the implementation of the Act. The social context and the quality of available support systems determine the outcome of the women’s feelings after the abortion. Knowledge about the social context is important, as it will help to understand the complexities and nuances of abortion. The aim of the research is to explore public discourses on Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP), and the potential implications of these discourses on the use of the CTOP service. The sample consisted of 23 black isiXhosa-speaking participants from the rural area of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Four focus groups coming from different age groups (between the ages 18 and 52) with both men and women participated in the study. Fictitious vignettes that tap into two different scenarios regarding abortion based on women’s stories were used. Discourses that emerged from people’s text are explained, described and interpreted through a discourse analysis. Since the study was interested in public discourses it led to the discovery of 17 interpretative repertoires as follows: social stigma, abortion equated to murder, degradation of society, pregnancy as an irresponsible act, conditional acceptance, TOP in the context of marriage, future potentiality invested in the foetus, dehumanizing foetus into a clot, shared decision making responsibility, gender dynamics interpretative repertoire, negative post abortion consequences, the scolding versus the supportive nurse interpretative repertoire, alternatives interpretative repertoire, rights versus no responsibility interpretative repertoire, more knowledge needed, male and female or generational differentiation repertoire, and the positive effects repertoire. Abortion is opposed on religious and cultural grounds. TOP has been legalized in South Africa but with this a debate and conflicting views have arisen. These variations in people’s discourses may limit access to TOP for women who need the service.

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Väisänen, Heini. "A life course perspective to abortion in Finland." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3346/.

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Induced abortion is an understudied topic in part because of a lack of reliable data due to underreporting of abortion in surveys. The debate about whether teen pregnancies push women into socioeconomic disadvantage would benefit from longer follow-up periods and reliable data. This thesis studies which socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the likelihood of abortion, provides more precise estimates than previous studies on the socioeconomic risk factors of repeat abortion, and examines socioeconomic outcomes of women with different teen pregnancy histories. I use register data over the reproductive life span of Finnish women born in 1955–59, 1965–69 and 1975–79 (N=274,908). There is no underreporting of abortion in these data. The thesis consists of four sub-studies. The first examined the socioeconomic gradient in the risk of first abortion using event-history analysis. Low education was associated with higher risk of abortion and the gap increased over time. Selection into education and varying access to family planning services were the likely mechanisms. The second study found an educational gradient in the likelihood of repeat abortion, which has become more common over time, indicating a need of an intervention. The third sub-study examined the association between the timing of abortion and union dissolution using multi-process modelling. There were correlated unobserved characteristics associated with both unstable relationships and a higher likelihood of an abortion. Finally, I compared socioeconomic outcomes of women who had a birth, an abortion, or no pregnancy in adolescence. Results using the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method showed teen abortion did not mediate the relationship between parental and own socioeconomic position but teen birth did through accumulation of disadvantage. Overall the results show there is a group of women who do not benefit from contraceptive services as much as others. These findings are of importance, as reliable information on abortion is not typically available.

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Diksha, Khadka Pramote Prasartkul. "Abortion complications among women of reproductive age in Nepal : evidence from NDHS 2006 /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5037965.pdf.

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MacFarlane, Katrina. "An Assessment of Women's Abortion Experiences in Istanbul, Turkey." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35027.

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Abortion upon request has been legal in Turkey since 1983. In 2012 the Prime Minister of Turkey announced his intent to restrict or ban abortion. The public protested in response and the Turkish government did not amend the abortion law. However, recent anecdotal evidence suggests that the provision of abortion in public hospitals has diminished significantly. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore women’s experiences obtaining abortion care in Istanbul, Turkey. We also documented key informants’ perspectives about abortion and reproductive health service availability in Istanbul. According to women and key informants, abortion availability has decreased remarkably and is now only available in one public hospital in Istanbul. Abortion care remains available in the private sector but there are nonetheless barriers to obtaining timely abortion care in Turkey. To improve abortion services, future efforts should focus on re-integrating abortion services in the public sector and making medication abortion available to Turkish women.

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Curley, Maureen L. "Psychological distress after abortion among university students: Developing an intervention." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96794.

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Background A gap exists within healthcare between identifying and treating adverse psychological outcomes to abortion. Meanwhile, 30% of women worldwide experience significant emotional distress after abortion. Specifically, younger women are at the highest risk for developing mental health problems after abortion. No empirical data for interventions to relieve psychological distress after abortion were found. Goal: This thesis provides a framework to identify and treat psychological distress after legal, induced, voluntary abortion. It proposes a first of a kind evidence-based and patient-centered intervention to relieve psychological distress after abortion among university students. The thesis proposes a theory and conceptual model to understand negative psychological responses to abortion. Population-specific evidence and preference for services support the theory. Methods The United Kingdom Medical Research Guidelines were used to develop the intervention. Two phases of the five-phase method were used. First, the Pre-Clinical Phase developed: (a) the theoretical and (b) evidential basis for target symptoms of the intervention. Next, using these results, the Modeling Phase established (c) the design, (d) patient preferences, and (e) feasibility for delivering the intervention. The thesis is formatted as three manuscripts. ResultsThe Pre-Clinical Phase applied psychological stress theory to guide the intervention. It also generated evidence from a cross sectional study of N=151 participants who identified target symptoms. Participants who preferred treatment for distress after abortion demonstrated severe psychological stress (Impact of Event Scores of >26) and moderate perinatal grief (Perinatal Grief scores > 60) focused on the pregnancy and abortion. The Modeling Phase designed the intervention based on patient preferences for a group treatment addressing unanticipated guilt, enhanced coping skills, and education of psychological distress reactions after abortion. Significance and Conclusions The thesis is a series of studies that were used to develop a targeted and acceptable intervention for university students who had an abortion, reported distress afterward, and preferred treatment to relieve it if such treatment was available. The thesis provides a mechanism within nursing to understand, identify, and treat psychological distress after abortion that is population-focused, and currently does not exist. The intervention can be tested for efficacy and replicated on larger samples. Effective interventions after abortion have the potential to reduce psychiatric morbidity and mortality after abortion within a university student population.
Découvert Il existe dans le domaine médical une lacune entre la science et la pratique pour comprendre, identifier et traiter les conséquences psychologiques après un avortement. En effet, 30% des femmes du monde qui ont choisi un avortement subissent des conséquences psychologiques significatives. C'est surtout évident parmi les jeunes femmes que l'on trouve les risques les plus élevés pour ces problèmes psychologiques. Les données empiriques pour les interventions qui adressent ce problème n'ont pas été découvertes. ObjectifCette thèse a comme but de fournir une base de connaissance et pratique pour traiter les problèmes psychologiques, qui existent après un avortement. L'intervention proposée, unique en son genre, est basée sur les éléments de preuves recueillis des étudiantes universitaires qui ont éprouvé des effets négatifs après un avortement et qui accepteraient un traitement pour leur désordre. Cette thèse propose une théorie et un modèle pour mieux comprendre les mauvais effets psychologiques après un avortement. L'évidence accumulée et les préférences des clients, concentres sur la population du groupe de contrôle, soutient la thèse.MéthodesThe United Kingdom Medical Research Guideline a fourni la méthode pour l'élaboration des interventions. Parmi les cinq phases proposés dans ce guide, les deux premiers ont été utilisés: la phase préclinique et la phase modèle. La phase préclinique développe (a) une théorie pour la détresse après un avortement et (b) les symptômes ciblés pour l'intervention. Avec cette évidence comme base, la deuxième phase a été élaborée : (c) plan de l'intervention ; (d) les préférences du client pour une intervention spécifique et (e) la faisabilité et l'application du traitement. RésultatsLa phase préclinique, a déterminé une théorie du désordre psychologique comme base de l'intervention. En plus, une étude descriptive d'un groupe (N=151) de participants fournit l'évidence des symptômes ciblés. Les participants qui cherchaient un traitement, avaient démontré une sévère détresse psychologique (Impact de Grands Nombres d'Evénement >26 et deuil périnatal modéré >60), spécifique à la grossesse et l'avortement. L'évidence ramassée dans la phase préclinique a été utilisé pour déterminer une intervention appropriée. Parmi ces interventions préférées parmi des clients étaient : le service d'une thérapie en groupe pour la culpabilité non anticipée, le succès des compétences, et l'enseignement sur les effets psychologiques après un avortement. Signification et conclusionLa thèse actuelle représente une série d'études utilisée pour développer une intervention ciblée et acceptée par les étudiants universitaires qui, après avoir subi un avortement, ont éprouvé des conséquences psychologiques négatives et qui cherchaient un traitement médical. Cette thèse pourvoit une base de connaissance cohérente dans la profession d'infirmière à comprendre, identifier, et traiter la détresse psychologique après un avortement. Cette connaissance, concentrée dans la population, n'existe pas encore. L'intervention développée pourrait être examinée pour l'efficacité et répliquée parmi les groupes plus nombreux. Les interventions efficaces, qui réduisent la détresse après un avortement pourraient aussi réduire la portée de morbidité psychiatrique et mortalité après l'avortement dans la population du niveau universitaire.

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Onasoga, Olayinka Abolore. "Challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care services: Implications for reproductive health policy in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6503.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The prevention of abortion related complications and mortality is dependent on the availability, accessibility and usability of emergency post-abortion care (PAC) throughout the health care system. Unfortunately, abortion is not legal in Nigeria and Nigerian women, especially adolescents, are often unable to obtain adequate post-abortion care services due to a variety of reasons. A review of literature shows that adolescent PAC patients receive worse care than older women seeking PAC services. There is widespread recognition of the need to overcome these barriers and make it easier for women to obtain the PAC services they need. Therefore, overall aim of this research study was to provide empirical information on the barriers and challenges to adolescents' PAC and develop a policy document to inform reproductive health services for Nigerian hospitals. To develop this policy document, the study specifically sought to assess knowledge of reproductive-health and related post-abortion care services among health care providers; describe the adolescents' perception of post-abortion care received; determine the service providers' perspectives on adolescents' post-abortion care challenges and barriers; analyze the challenges and barriers faced by adolescents in obtaining post-abortion care services; explore ways in which the knowledge about challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care can be used to inform policy; develop policy document and make recommendations in key areas to improved PAC services in Nigeria as part of working towards improving reproductive health services.

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Carlson, Carolyn S. "Context Effects on Abortion Questions: Who is Inconsistent." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/1.

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Measuring public opinion on abortion is an ongoing concern for political scientists, mainly because the public does not always exhibit fixed attitudes on such topics. Most citizens express a centrist viewpoint between the pro choice and pro life extremes. These include a small group whose answers to abortion questions are so inconsistent that they give public officials an inaccurate measure of public opinion on this important issue. Inconsistent responses may result from context effects, such as the order in which the questions are asked or the way they are asked. Usually, researchers ask a battery of questions in which respondents say whether they approve of abortion generally and under a variety of circumstances, citing the reasons for which a woman might seek an abortion. This project includes an independent national survey using questions adopted from the General Social Survey. The sample is divided into four experimental groups with different question orders. Based on these findings, the recommended question order would be the one with the general question last and the remaining specific questions in a somewhat random pattern alternating between the so-called “hard” and “easy” individual abortion situations. One of the more surprising findings is that people didn’t recognize themselves as subtracting the specific situations from the general question when it was asked first; hardly any said that was what they were doing when they gave inconsistent answers. Otherwise, about an equal number of respondents admitted answering the questions off the top of their heads as those who showed ambivalence by claiming they were deeply committed to their inconsistent responses. The study found most people who inconsistent on abortion are moderates leaning towards pro choice. Also, politically conservative regular church-goers can be just as inconsistent on abortion as the non-religious, non-political, low-educated non-church goers, especially if they are basically pro choice. Without a full understanding of who is generating inconsistent answers on abortion, some researchers may be tempted to eliminate these respondents from their sample. This research should allow them to understand these respondents better and develop better question wording and question orders to reduce their numbers.

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Van, Zyl Hester Nicolette. "An examination of the relationship between public opinion and public policy in South Africa : the case of abortion." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53262.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A democratic political system grants unimpaired opportunities for all citizens to have their preferences weighted equally in the conduct of government regardless of content or source. However, governments in democratic political systems frequently disregard public preference. But all governments, not only popular governments, are dependent on the 'will of the people' if the system is to remain viable. This study investigates the relationship between public opinion and public policy in South Africa, using the 1996 Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act as case study, as it provides a practical example to illustrate this complex relationship. The study used a longitudinal approach to investigate shifts in public opinion over a period of five years, using secondary survey analysis. Attitudes towards abortion are cross-tabulated by demographic variables, religion, interest in politics and democratic norms. The study found that the most significant shifts in public opinion occurred within demographic groups previously discriminated against by the 1975 Abortion and Sterilisation Act. In 1994 South Africa emerged from a lengthy anti-apartheid struggle and human rights were of paramount importance to many South Africans. The restrictive abortion legislation of 1975 was vestige of discriminative apartheid legislation and was not in line with South Africa's exemplary 1996 Constitution. Consequently, progressive abortion legislation was ratified, amidst significant public indifference, in order to promote equal citizenship of women. It is argued that abortion constitutes a basic democratic right, in the context of reproductive health rights, and although South African citizens predominantly support a democratic political system, few made the ideological connection with abortion as a democratic right. Therefore, the study infers that the South African electorate is ill informed of the ideological norms surrounding democracy. The significance of this study is that it investigated abortion not as a legal or moral issue, but as a politicised issue in South Africa. The African National Congress (ANC) was strongly committed to advancing progressive abortion legislation in South Africa. The ANC elected to vote on a party platform on the proposed abortion bill. When a majority party, which holds 252 seats of 400 in the National Assembly, elects to vote as a block on proposed legislation, it is likely that the legislation will be passed into law. This conduct of the ANC raises fears that South Africa is a de facto one-party dominant state, where free and fair elections are held, but no rotation in office occurs. Both the 1994 and 1999 elections led to landslide victories for the ANC, and they are assured that the 2003 elections will yield the same result. It is extremely damaging to any democratic system when competition but no contestation occurs. Therefore, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between state and party interests. The study concludes that in the case of progressive abortion legislation in South Africa, the people did not rule. It is the view of this study that the enactment of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act did not represent democratic conduct. It illustrates that the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act was, by implication, "bulldozed" into law by the ANC.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Demokratiese politieke stelsel vergun gelyke geleenthede aan elke burger sodat hul voorkeure gelyk opgeweeg word in die optrede van 'n regering, ongeag die bron of konteks daarvan. Nogtans minag regerings gereeld openbare voorkeur. Nie slegs populêre regerings nie, maar alle regerings is afhanklik van volkswil, as slegs dan die stelsel lewensvatbaar sal bly. Hierdie studie ondersoek die verhouding tussen openbare mening en openbare beleid in Suid-Afrika. Die Wet op Keuse oor Beëindiging van Swangerskap van 1996 word gebruik, omdat dit 'n praktiese gevallestudie bied om hierdie komplekse verhouding te illustreer. Die studie maak gebruik van 'n langsdeursnee aanslag om die verandering van openbare mening oor vyf jaar te ondersoek en maak gebruik van sekondêre meningsopname vraelys analiese. Lewenshoudings oor aborsie is kruis getabuleer met demografiese veranderlikes, geloof, intriseerdheid in politiek en demokratiese grondregte. Daar is gevind dat die mees aanduidende veranderinge in openbare menings te vinde was in demografiese groepe waarteen gediskrimineer was deur die Wet op Vrugafdrywing en Sterilisasie van 1975. Suid-Afrika het in 1994 uit 'n wydlopende anti-apartheid stryd getree en mense-regte was van oorwegende belang vir die meeste Suid-Afrikaners. Die 1975 Wet op Vrugafdrywing en Sterilisasie was 'n bewys van diskriminerende apartheid wetgewing en was nie in lyn met Suid-Afrika se nuwe Grondwet nie. Dus is progressiewe aborsie wetgewing bekragtig, om vroue in Suid-Afrika gelyke burgerskap te gee, te midde van deurslaggewende openbare ontevredenheid. Die studie veronderstel dat aborsie 'n grondreg van demokrasie vorm, binne die konteks van reproduktiewe gesondheids-regte. Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaners 'n demokratiese politieke stelsel steun, het weinig die konneksie tussen aborsie en demokratiese ideologiese grondregte gemaak. Die studie maak dus die gevolgtrekking dat Suid-Afrikaners swak ingelig is in verband met die ideologiese grondregte van demokrasie. Die inhoudsbelang van hierdie studie is dat aborsie ondersoek word as 'n politieke vraagstuk en nie as morele of wetregtige vraagstuk nie. Die African National Congress (ANC) was sterk verbind tot die totstandbringing van progresiewe aborsie wetgewing in Suid-Afrika en het besluit om op 'n party-platform te stem in Parlement aangaande voorgestelde progressiewe aborsie wetgewing. Wanneer 'n meerderheidsparty, wat 252 setels van 400 in die parlement beslaan, besluit om as 'n blok te stem oor voorgestelde wetgewing, dit redelik seker is dat dié wetgewing bekragtig sal word. Hierdie gedrag van die ANC gee aanleiding tot vrese dat Suid Afrika 'n de facto een party dominante staat is, waar vry en regverdige verkiesings voorkom, maar geen afwisseling in ampstermyn nie. Dit is skadelik vir enige demokratiese stelsel wanneer kompetisie maar geen betwisting paasvind nie. Gevolglik word dit al hoe moeiliker om te onderskei tussen party-en staatsbelange. Die studie sluit af dat die publiek nie regeer het in hierdie geval nie. Dit is die siening van hierdie studie dat die bekragtiging van die Wet op Keuse oor die Beëindiging van Swangerskap van 1996 nie goeie demokratiese optrede weerspieël het nie en dat dit, by implikasie, deur die ANC deur middel van intimidasie bekragtig is.

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Welter, Lauren Beth. "Mexican-American women and abortion : experiences and reflections." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1930.

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Because Latinos are the largest, fastest-growing ethnic minority group in the U.S., learning more about their sexual and reproductive experiences and decision-making processes is important. Importantly, although sexuality and abortion are stigmatized in many Latino cultures and conservative religious beliefs specifically oppose abortion, Latinas have the highest birth rates in the U.S. and an estimated one in four pregnancies to Latina women are terminated (Jones, Darroch, &Henshaw, 2002; Jones, Finer, &Singh, 2010). Consequently, nuanced exploration of contradictions in reproductive behaviors and cultural and religious values is critical to supporting women's health and well-being. Seeking to advance the scholarship on the lived experiences of women who undergo elective abortion, this dissertation used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis and a cultural and religious lens to explore the decision-making processes and phenomenological experiences of four young Mexican-American women who elected to terminate their first pregnancy. Results indicated that the women in this study believed abortion was unique, and more difficult for Mexican-American (and other Latina) women, given cultural and religious norms that specifically prohibit abortion and simultaneously prioritize sexual purity, responsibility, and motherhood for women. The complexity and difficulty inherent in navigating overlapping and oftentimes contradictory sociocultural and religious values are discussed as they relate to the participants' abortion decision and experience. The manuscript concludes with strengths and limitations of the present study, suggestions for future research, and implications for psychologists. Keywords: Mexican, Latina, Abortion, Reproductive Health

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Kreitzer, Rebecca Jane. "Policy making at the margins: the modern politics of abortion." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1866.

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Scholars often argue that republican government works because elected representatives adopt policies favored by their constituents. Theoretically, this relationship is stronger with morality issues because such issues are technically simple, involve core values, and thus foster greater levels of citizen engagement. Since the U.S. Supreme Court cases of Casey and Webster, state legislatures have passed hundreds of policies that place cumulatively significant restrictions on women's access to abortion. The increasingly conservative nature of abortion policy might indicate an increasingly conservative electorate, but public opinion on abortion has remained stable since the 1970s with most Americans favoring legal abortion with some restrictions. This is the motivating question of my dissertation - why are states increasing abortion restrictions in the absence of public demand? Previous research on abortion policy in the states has generally focused on specific policies at specific years. Studying a single policy at discrete moments in time carries an implicit assumption that the determinants of policy are constant. In order to better state abortion conservatism, I comprehensively examine the formation of state abortion policy in the different stages of policymaking, across policy types, and over time. I find that the stages of the policy making process invokes different incentives for legislators, and as a result, the determinants of abortion policy at each stage of policymaking are different. Despite obvious differences across policy stages, I find a common theme: legislators create abortion policy in strategic ways, at the margins of the policy making arena, and excluding the preferences of the mass public. In the first empirical chapter, I focus on the agenda setting stage of policy making. Using an original dataset of all abortion-related bills introduced in the states from 2000-2010, I find that the predictors of sponsorship varies across legislator gender and party types. Additionally, I find that the effect of citizen ideology and interest group contributions varies across legislators. In the second empirical chapter, I study the diffusion of nearly 40 pro- and anti-abortion rights policies across the states. I establish a set of average predictors of state policy adoption and show how the effect of partisan actors varies across the policies. In the final empirical chapter, I develop a theory of bureaucratic activism. I use the cases of telemedicine abortion bans in Iowa, insurance bans in Georgia, and clinic regulations in Virginia to show how state bureaucracies take advantage of the broad authority granted to them to enact policy change unprompted by the legislature.

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LaRoche, Kathryn J. "The Availability, Accessibility, and Provision of Post-Abortion Support Services in Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32786.

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In a study we conducted with Ontarian women about their abortion experiences (OAS), one third of participants expressed a desire for post-abortion support. Yet, there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that organizations offering these services are using judgmental frameworks. In order to rigorously investigate this, we explored what post-abortion support services are offered across the province of Ontario. This multi-methods study included an analysis of OAS data, creating a directory of post-abortion support services in the province, conducting an analysis of how these services represent themselves online, and carrying out mystery client interactions. We found that the majority of organizations offering post-abortion support services in Ontario are crisis pregnancy centers. The services offered at these organizations are built upon frameworks that are both shaming and stigmatizing of abortion experiences. Efforts to increase the online visibility and overall accessibility of non-judgmental, medically accurate post-abortion support services in Ontario appear warranted.

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Marval-Peck, Luisa. "Exploring Women's Experiences Obtaining Medication Abortion Outside of the Formal Healthcare System." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42372.

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Despite legal and technological advances, women still face barriers to abortion care in legally restricted or low-resource settings. The advent of medication abortion using misoprostol with or without mifepristone, has enabled women to self-manage their abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. Self-managed abortions are often assisted by telemedicine services, which provide women with evidence-based guidance on managing the abortion process on their own. This thesis explores two separate abortion telemedicine services operating in legally restricted and/or low resource settings – a global online telemedicine service and an abortion support hotline in Venezuela – and evaluates the outcomes associated with each. By interviewing counsellors at a Venezuelan abortion support hotline and the women who used the service, we gained a stronger understanding of the hotline’s successes, barriers, and areas for improvement. We conclude that abortion telemedicine services provide effective and acceptable care, in general, and we recommend greater access to misoprostol in Venezuela.

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Grant, Gail. "Reproductive health in the post-Soviet state : abortion and contraception in Estonia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440912.

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Malmsköld, Elin. "The status of abortion in public international law and its effect on domestic legislation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355922.

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Few issues divide leaders and policy-makers as much as abortion, which regularly sparks heated political, religious and philosophical debates. Numerous states choose to prohibit or criminalize abortion, despite the fact that it has been practiced throughout recorded history. In many of these states, women turn to unsafe abortion methods, such as consuming bleach or inserting a coat hanger, which may cause long-term damage or death. In the light of this tragic reality, one could ask whether these women have a right to safe abortion in human rights law or not. In order to answer this question, the author analyzes the status of abortion in public international law. The results are based on a thorough examination of the preparatory works (travaux préparatoires) and reservations to CEDAW, CRC, ECHR, and ICCPR, as well as documents by international and regional treaty bodies. The author applies a treaty-based international law methodology, analyzes the results through Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin’s theory of the public and private distinction in public international law and discusses the juridical- political context. The author concludes that there is neither an explicitly formulated human right to abortion, nor is abortion included within the right to family planning. However, she finds that domestic legislation which criminalizes or restrict access to safe abortions may be in violation of other fundamental human rights.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abortion and public health'

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