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1
Andersen, Clair. "Teacher Education, Aboriginal Studies and the New National Curriculum." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 41, no. 1 (August 2012): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2012.7.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in Australian schools continue to have poor education and health outcomes, and the introduction of a new national curriculum may assist in redressing this situation. This curriculum emphasises recommendations which have been circulating in the sector over many years, to require teacher education institutions to provide their students with an understanding of past and contemporary experiences of Indigenous Australians, as well as the social, economic and health disadvantages that challenge Indigenous communities, and to equip them to integrate Indigenous issues into their future teaching programs. This article, while focusing on teacher education developments at the University of Tasmania (UTAS) to meet National Standards and Frameworks for preservice teachers, provides some general background, and identifies recently developed resources, including the potential for Indigenous centres within universities to assist educators.
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Podgorny, Irina. "Archaeology and education in Argentina." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066278.
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Archaeology — as a branch of anthropology in Argentina — mainly deals with the past of its indigenous peoples. This way of understanding archaeology has its roots in the organization of national scientific institutions and in the development of natural history museums of the last century (Lopes & Podgorny in press). As in Brazil (Lopes 1997), the museums were the loci for the establishment of archaeology and natural sciences as academic fields in Argentina. The collections and their classification and exhibition were tied to geographical categorization of aboriginal cultures within the national territory (Podgorny 1999a). In both Buenos Aires and La Plata museums — the first two centres to develop archaeological studies — archaeology grew from the travels of exploration that surveyed the resources of the country.
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Brigg, Morgan. "The spatial-relational challenge: Emplacing the spatial turn in peace and conflict studies." Cooperation and Conflict 55, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836720954479.
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The nascent spatial turn in peace and conflict studies is a promising development that expands conceptual resources and offers useful correctives to existing scholarship. However, the turn to space and place tends not to adequately emplace itself (including on its own European-derived terms) or sufficiently engage the socio-spatial difference of diverse peoples. Instead, a de-contextualised knower is invited to apply a new set of mobile scholarly tools in various settings without seriously considering diverse peoples’ conceptualisation and operationalisation of place in socio-political ordering. Long-standing Aboriginal Australian approaches to place, meanwhile, indicate the diversity and sophistication of approaches to space and place. They furthermore show that western political ontology – including the figures of the individual and the state embedded in much dominant scholarship – may not be relevant in many settings in which peace and conflict scholarship is undertaken. Realising the full potential of the spatial turn requires grappling with the relational emplacement of the knowing subject and the varied ways in which place configures socio-political order both for diverse peoples ‘in the field’ and in the centres of dominant forms of knowing in the Global North.
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Dementeva, Natalia, Mitrofanova V. Olga, Silyukova L. Yulia, Stanishevskaya I. Olga, Larkina A. Tatyana, Fedorova S. Elena, Vachrameev B. Anatoliy’, et al. "PSVIII-14 Genetic change in QTLs related with nutritional value of egg in small scaled chicken populations." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.550.
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Abstract Commercial breeds of chickens are staying under strong selection pressure on increasing of production level. Meanwhile aboriginal breeds are conserving unique adaptation traits, helping them to survive in severe climate. Local breeds combining high resistance, but lower productivity traits are widely kept in smallholders of developing countries. Improving of egg traits in such breeds should be done by selection, not crossing with commercial breeds. Aim of our studies was genetic change of QTL loci linked with yolk size (YS) and egg mass (EM) in resource chicken breeds. Studies were done using 293 samples from Pushkin, Rhode-Island, Amroks, Chinese Silk, Yurlow crawl and Russian White (RW) breeds kept in RRIFAGB Collective Use Centre ‘Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Chicken Breeds. EM was recorded in age of 30 weeks. YS was evaluated using ultra sound scanner. Genotyping was performed using illumina 60K Chicken Bead Chip. GWAS studies were performed on RW breed. Sufficient associations of EM were found on chromosome 4 (rs14201361, P < 1.6e-5 & GGaluGA152718, P < 3.3e-5). Correlation of YS and EM were calculated within breeds, difference were from 0.29 to 0.65. Haploblocks were analyzed in QTL region on chromosome 11 linked with YS. Due to selection and genetic drift different haplotype blocks were formed in breeds having different YS. Shown results could be used for improving egg traits in aboriginal domestic breeds. Studies were founded by RFFI project 18-016-00114 A.
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Lockhart, Deborah, and Jessica Xu. "How the upstream oil and gas industry can leverage interdisciplinary research to more effectively engage with Indigenous communities." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20150.
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Since 2010, mining companies have requested permission for the destruction of over 463 Aboriginal heritage sites. Recent high-profile events have profoundly impacted culturally significant Indigenous sites, and mining companies are under intense pressure to demonstrate greater sensitivity in their relationships with stakeholders. The Australian Disputes Centre uses several case studies to explore how the upstream petroleum industry can leverage current interdisciplinary research to engage with Indigenous communities more effectively, both nationally and internationally. Interest-based negotiation frameworks are considered as actionable mechanisms that are as applicable in day-to-day business operations as they are in supporting consistent, culturally-sensitive stakeholder agreements. The application of a range of communication strategies and skills to harness intersectional decision-making is reviewed, and asks the extent to which engagement with external stakeholders reflects internal corporate culture. Obtaining and retaining a social licence to operate is top of mind for all resource companies, but it does not come without a congruent culture of principled negotiation. This study considers the emerging challenges within the sector, including how to empower all parties to negotiate more fulsome outcomes. Using various case studies, including one involving the conservation of submerged Indigenous heritage, an holistic, interdisciplinary methodology for managing cross-cultural sensitivities while companies undertake technical investigations, liaise with archaeological and ethnographic experts and negotiate with local community leaders has been reviewed. Clearly, inclusive communication is just the beginning.
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Molloy, Andrew. "Second Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905249971.
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Second Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural British Columbia, Sean Markey, John Pierce, Mark Roseland and Kelly Vodden, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005, pp. 352.This theoretically rich, community economic development (CED) work, written by four members of the Centre for Sustainable Community Development (formerly the Community Economic Development Centre) at Simon Fraser University, is the product of a three-year participatory-action-based research project involving four “forest-based” British Columbia communities. Two Aboriginal communities and two municipalities were case studied as part of an action-learning exercise in order to gain “insight into the apparent conflict between the economic imperative and fluidity of capital versus the lived worlds of rural and small time places” (3). Through their empirical studies of the four communities, the authors argue that CED, fostered at the local level, can allow for the kind of capacity building that is needed to create diversified, sustainable economic futures for resource-based rural and small-town communities. They are careful, however, to distinguish between the use of CED as a “localized and palliative strategy” for marginalized communities caught in the throes of political and economic dependency, and the possibilities for a more robust (theoretically balanced) version of CED, which can become part and parcel of rural and small-town locally-based planning and development. While recognizing the appropriateness of CED in either situation, they argue that a host of negative economic and political factors, which are intensifying under the direction of neo-liberal ideological thinking, have resulted in a pressing need for the more robust form of community development and corresponding revitalization strategies.
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Brand, David G., O. Thomas Bouman, Luc Bouthillier, Winifred Kessler, and Louis Lapierre. "The model forest concept: a model for future forest management?" Environmental Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a96-004.
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Society has been wrestling with the concept of managing forests sustainably for several years. As one of the most widespread of the earth's ecosystems and as a renewable resource providing a wide range of consumptive and nonconsumptive benefits to society, forests have been at the centre of many policy discussions. While much progress was made at the Earth Summit in 1992 and since that time, there are few concrete examples of sustainable forest management in practice. In this paper, some of the key foundations of sustainable forest management are reviewed, including the balancing of economic and environmental objectives in society, the philosophy of ecosystem management, the role of science and technology in forest management, public participation in decision making, and the internationalization of forest issues. To examine the practical implications of these concepts, four very different case studies of attempts to implement sustainable forest management in Canada are examined and discussed. These model forests are part of a network of 10 such sites in Canada, which are linked with several others in Mexico, Russia, Malaysia, and the United States. They combine the interests, mandates, and objectives of government agencies, aboriginal peoples, communities, and many other stakeholders for the purpose of creating a comprehensive vision and program of work aimed at achieving sustainable forest management in the areas concerned. Each model is unique, however, and reflects the local context. The authors conclude that the future of forest management will be based on a government acceptance of delegation of responsibility to such partnerships and on the application of diverse and innovative solutions to forest management issues.Key words: sustainable forest management, model forest, ecosystem management, integrated resource management, public participation, Canada.
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Mcgregor, Deborah. "Transformation and Re-Creation: Creating Spaces for Indigenous Theorising in Canadian Aboriginal Studies Programs." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 34 (2005): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100003987.
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AbstractThis paper explores the professional experience of an Anishnabe educator working in various organisations teaching Indigenous knowledge issues in both Aboriginal and primarily non-Aboriginal settings. The reflections span a number of years of teaching Aboriginal worldview and knowledge issues courses and include formal evaluations from both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students who have participated in the courses over that time. This paper draws upon two examples of educational institutions where Indigenous knowledge is being explored: the University of Toronto’s Aboriginal Studies Program and the Centre for Indigenous Environmental Resources’ (CIER) National First Nations Youth Environmental Education and Training Program. Both settings represent special places for thinking about decolonising Indigenous education. Integral to Aboriginal philosophy and decolonising education is the role elders play in informing and implementing meaningful education for Aboriginal learners. Both programs involve elders in central roles where they are recognised as authorities, facilitators and teachers. Discussion is offered on the subject of Aboriginal philosophies pertaining to education and some models for acting upon them, particularly as they relate to environmental education. Further analysis summarises the challenges faced by both programs and initiatives taken to advance Aboriginal educational goals. Finally, recommendations are made as to the types of changes which may be undertaken to realise creative spaces for resistance and creativity.
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Stone, Sharman. "A Certain Heritage - Programs for and by Aboriginal families in Australia. CRES Monograph 9, by H.C. Coombs, M.M. Brandl and W.E. Snowdon Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601." Aboriginal Child at School 13, no. 3 (July 1985): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200013869.
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Hart, Victor. "Resource Guide for Aboriginal Studies and Torres Strait Islander Studies." Aboriginal Child at School 23, no. 3 (September 1995): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200004922.
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Paulson, Kristjan, Oliver Bucher, Geoffrey Cuvelier, Andrew Daly, Alina S. Gerrie, David Sanford, David Szwajcer, et al. "Provincial Disparities in Access to Allogeneic Transplant in Canada." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113849.
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Abstract Access to Allogeneic Transplant in Canada: A Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group/Canadian National Transplant Research Program Study Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with blood cancers and disorders of blood/immune system, but due to the complexity of the procedure, is only offered in a limited number of medical centres. Many barriers might exist that prevent patients from receiving an aHSCT, including physical and social geographic barriers. We sought to understand how access patterns to aHSCT varied across Canada, a country with a government-funded universal health care system. Methods: The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) is a national record of all hospital admissions in all Canadian provinces other than Quebec. We identified all Canadians under the age of 65 admitted to hospital in provinces other than Quebec with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) between 2004 and 2015, using the CIHI DAD and ICD-9 diagnosis codes for AML. We determined which of these patients subsequently were admitted to hospital for an aHSCT, using ICD-9 procedure and diagnosis codes for AML. Residence at the time of admission with AML was identified using their forward sorting area (FSA) component of the postal code. Socio-demographic attributes of the FSAs were identified using data from the 2006 Canadian Census, including whether the FSA was rural or urban, the proportion of the population that was a visible minority, aboriginal, or low income after tax . Logistic regression was used to investigate potential associations between these factors and the odds of receiving a transplant. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted (age less than 18 at time of diagnosis, and age between 18 and 65 at the time of diagnosis). Results: 6119 non-Quebec Canadians were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of AML between 2004 and 2015. Of these, 1745 (28.5%) received aHSCT. Several variables were significantly associated with receiving a transplant in univariable analyses (Table 1; time period, province of residence, gender, age, and proportion of low income families), but after accounting for other variables in the model, only time period, province of residence, gender, and age remained significantly associated. In the pediatric subgroup, similar results were seen, except province of residence and gender were not significant. The results of the adult sensitivity analysis were identical to the main cohort, with province of residence, time period, gender, and age predictive of receiving a aHSCT. Discussion: In contrast to previous studies done in the United States with similar methodology, in non-Quebec Canada, low income level was not associated with inferior access to aHSCT. This might suggest that Canada's universal health care insurance program is protective against socioeconomic barriers. In addition, in contrast to previous studies, rural location was not associated with the odds of receiving a transplant, and reassuringly, the proportion identifying as aboriginal was not significantly associated with the odds of receiving a transplant. Dramatic differences were seen in aHSCT rates by province, with residents of Alberta (third largest province in this cohort) diagnosed with AML more than twice as likely to receive an aHSCT compared to residents of Ontario, the most populous province in Canada (OR 0.45, p < 0.01). The reasons for this are unclear, but likely include practice patterns at the leukemia/transplant sites, center resources, and provincial health care budgets. Notably, the province with the highest per-capita GDP (Alberta) had the highest proportion of individuals receiving a aHSCT. Thus, is it possible that in Canada, regional wealth is more predictive of access to health care than individual wealth. The reasons for these dramatic regional differences in access to transplant in Canada should be studied further. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Medina-Rivilla, Antonio, Vito Carioca, and Aldo Pasarinho. "Evaluation of on line resource centres." Comunicar 11, no. 21 (October 1, 2003): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c21-2003-09.
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Resource centres offer teachers different means to improve and make their work easier. The present paper shows a programme to evaluate resource centres trying to notice their different aspects and highlighting their relevance nowadays. To make it possible, the programme implies a holistic perspective and analyses each one of their elements. El creciente desarrollo de centros de recursos en la Red está demandando de forma progresiva la puesta en marcha de estrategias de evaluación de los mismos que permitan su mayor optimización. Los autores de este trabajo desarrollan una metodología específica para la valoración de un centro específico en la Red, Octopus.
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Graham, Simon, Catherine C. O'Connor, Stephen Morgan, Catherine Chamberlain, and Jane Hocking. "Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16013.
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Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) are Australia’s first peoples. Between 2006 and 2015, HIV notifications increased among Aboriginal people; however, among non-Aboriginal people, notifications remained relatively stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people overall and by subgroups. Methods: In November 2015, a search of PubMed and Web of Science, grey literature and abstracts from conferences was conducted. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people tested and those who tested positive for HIV. The following variables were extracted: gender; Aboriginal status; population group (men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, adults, youth in detention and pregnant females) and geographical location. An assessment of between study heterogeneity (I2 test) and within study bias (selection, measurement and sample size) was also conducted. Results: Seven studies were included; all were cross-sectional study designs. The overall sample size was 3772 and the prevalence of HIV was 0.1% (I2 = 38.3%, P = 0.136). Five studies included convenient samples of people attending Australian Needle and Syringe Program Centres, clinics, hospitals and a youth detention centre, increasing the potential of selection bias. Four studies had a sample size, thus decreasing the ability to report pooled estimates. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people in Australia is low. Community-based programs that include both prevention messages for those at risk of infection and culturally appropriate clinical management and support for Aboriginal people living with HIV are needed to prevent HIV increasing among Aboriginal people.
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Garde, Murray. "The Maningrida Outstation Schools Radio Program." Aboriginal Child at School 19, no. 2 (May 1991): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007392.
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Children living on a number of remote outstations or homeland centres in Central Arnhem Land have had access to European style education for nearly twenty years now. The Northern Territory Education Department employs visiting teachers who make regular visits to some outstations to work with Aboriginal teachers and children in these small ‘remote’ communities. The visiting teachers mostly live in a central larger community and use the central hub school as their base. A number of these hub schools or C.E.C.s now have homeland centre education resource buildings which provide the base for the provision of educational services to homeland centre schools.
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Christensen, Lisa, Naomi Krogman, and Brenda Parlee. "A culturally appropriate approach to civic engagement: Addressing forestry and cumulative social impacts in southwest Yukon." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86723-6.
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This article reports on an experimental civic engagement approach to link community observed cumulative effects ofnumerous local events and periods of resource development to indicators for sustainable forest and land management forthe future. We describe a process where the interview findings with 28 key aboriginal and non-aboriginal informants inthe Champagne Aishihik First Nations’ (CAFN) Traditional Territory were summarized into key themes by researchersin a community workshop to elicit a selection of social indicators for future cumulative effects assessments. Theseresponses were visions for the future based on a great deal of experiential learning that interviewees identified—part andparcel of any betterment to the community as new developments unfold. Themes such as “social healing” were furtherbroken into indicators such as “community support systems” and then further broken into local measures, such as “thepresence of, and access to, a youth centre, youth programs, and youth centres”. The local historical approach to cumulativeeffects assessment helps us not only understand more about forestry, but more about the broader connectionsbetween community members and leaders, forestry and other resource developments, and lessons people have learnedfrom the past and visions for the future.Key words: civic engagement, cumulative social impacts, social indicators, sustainable forest management, NorthernCanada
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Mackinlay, Elizabeth, Kristy Thatcher, and Camille Seldon. "Understanding Social and Legal Justice Issues for Aboriginal Women within the Context of an Indigenous Australian Studies Classroom: a Problem-based Learning Approach." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 33 (2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600832.
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AbstractProblem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach in which students encounter a problem and systematically set about finding ways to understand the problem through dialogue and research. PBL is an active process where students take responsibility for their learning by asking their own questions about the problem and in this paper we explore the potential of PBL as a “location of possibility” (hooks, 1994, p. 207) for an engaged, dialogic, reflective and critical classroom. Our discussion centres on a course called ABTS2010 Aboriginal Women, taught by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit at the University of Queensland where PBL is used frequently, and a specific PBL package entitled Kina v R aimed at exploring social and legal justice issues for Indigenous Australian women. From both a historical and contemporary perspective, we consider the types of understandings made possible about justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women for students in the course through the use of a PBL approach.
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Etowa, Josephine, Lisa Perley-Dutcher, Adele Vukic, and Brianna Krekoski. "Mentoring as a Resource for Aboriginal Nurses: Perspectives of Indigenous Knowers." International Journal of Organizational Diversity 14, no. 4 (2015): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2328-6261/cgp/v14i04/40209.
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Lumby, Bronwyn, and Colleen McGloin. "Re-Presenting Urban Aboriginal Identities: Self-Representation in Children of the Sun." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000569.
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AbstractTeaching Aboriginal studies to a diverse student cohort presents challenges in the pursuit of developing a critical pedagogy. In this paper, we present Children of the Sun (2006), a local film made by Indigenous youth in the Illawarra region south of Sydney, New South Wales. We outline the film's genesis and its utilisation in our praxis. The film is a useful resource in the teaching of urban Aboriginal identity to primarily non-Indigenous students in the discipline of Aboriginal studies. It contributes to the development of critical thinking, and our own critical practice as educators and offers a starting point to address pre-conceived and stereotypical notions about race and colour. We situate this paper within a theoretical framework of identity and whiteness studies to explore the issue of light skin in relation to the constraints of identity surrounding urban Aboriginal youth, as represented in Children of the Sun. We discuss the usefulness of this film as a self-representational text that subverts and challenges pre-conceived notions of Aboriginal identity.
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Novikov, A. V. "Land Tenure Planning in Order to Develop Territories of Traditional Natural Resource Use: Experience of Canada." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-169-179.
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The article studies issues of land tenure planning for implementation of projects aimed at industrial development of the Arctic. Using the example of Northern provinces of Canada it shows evolution of land tenure strategic planning, analyzes its role in social and economic development of the territory. It is shown that involvement of aboriginal people of the North in the process of planning the use of land, forest and other natural resources can lower conflicts among land users, mining companies and the local population, protect territories of traditional land tenure in places of residence and traditional natural resource use of aborigine people and create necessary conditions for the development of traditional types of activity and sustainable space development of the Arctic. Canadian experience of land tenure planning in development of Arctic territories in the area of aboriginal people residence can be used in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation to balance interests of concerned parties, i.e. local bodies of power, business and aboriginal people of the North.
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Segbenya, Moses, George Kwaku Toku Oduro, Fred Peniana, and Kwesi Ghansah. "Proximity and choice of College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast for further studies." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 1012–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-12-2017-0379.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the proximity of study centres to the students of College of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast (CoDE/UCC) and whether further studies of distance learners who were teachers and employees could lead to absenteeism in their workplaces. Design/methodology/approach A sequential explanatory strategy was used. A self-administered questionnaire and unstructured interviews as well as observation guides were employed to collect data from 2,077 students pursuing business and education programmes of CoDE in all study centres across Ghana. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and pattern matching of content analysis. Findings The study found that few teachers and other workers pursuing the distance education do absent themselves from the workplace or classroom on Fridays preceding their face-to-face session because they embarked on their journey to the study centres on Friday morning. Some teachers also absented themselves from work on Mondays after face-to-face sessions for a lack of means of transport on Sunday after lessons. The absenteeism of these respondents directly and indirectly affected their employers, students and customers. Practical implications It was therefore recommended that management of CoDE/UCC should open more study centres in all the regions especially Western, Ashanti, Upper East, Northern and Upper West Regions to reduce number of hours spent by students to their study centres and consider introducing the business programmes at the existing district centres to reduce average distance covered by these students to commute from their places of work to their respective centres in the regional capitals. It was also recommended that online/electronic learning and audio versions (impersonal communication) of the study modules should be introduced so that students would not necessary have to travel to the study centre to participate in lectures/face-to-face sessions. Originality/value The findings of this study will help managers and administrators of both public and private distance educational providers. In addition to providing basis and areas for establishing study centres for geographical proximity, findings of the study should prove helpful for designing and delivering electronic and audio versions of distance education modules to reduce the level of absenteeism in workplace for the students.
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Okinyi, Rachel. "Internal efficiency of public vocational training centres in Kenya." African Educational Research Journal 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/aerj.92.21.057.
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The efficiency of educational institutions is critical in the justification of resource allocation and use. However, some developing countries like Kenya face efficiency challenges regarding resource utilisation and the flow of students through the school system at various levels of education and programs. Past research in Kenya has focused more on resource utilisation in public schools. Very few studies have looked at the internal efficiency of public vocational training centres (VTCs). This paper assesses the level of internal efficiency in Kenya's public vocational training institutions through a mixed research design. The findings reveal low levels of internal efficiency as indicated by low enrolment, high dropout and low completion rates in the VTC institutions. The result also shows a low level of tutor utilisation. These results provide vital insights into improving the internal efficiency of public vocational training institutions in developing countries. The study recommends, among other things, subsidisation of examination fees to enhance students' completion rates.
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Judd, Barry. "Kapi Wiya: Water insecurity and aqua-nullius in remote inland Aboriginal Australia." Thesis Eleven 150, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618821969.
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Water has been a critical resource for Anangu peoples across the remote inland for millennia, underpinning their ability to live in low rainfall environments. Anangu biocultural knowledge of kapi (water) developed in complex ways that enabled this resource to be found. Such biocultural knowledge included deep understandings of weather patterns and of species behavior. Kapi and its significance to desert-dwelling peoples can be seen in ancient mapping practices, whether embedded in stone as petroglyphs or in ceremonial song and dance practices associated with the Tjukurpa. While in the past the sustainability of kapi was facilitated by mobility that spread human dependence on this resource across multiple sites, since the 1940s Anangu have been coerced by the settler-colonial state to live a sedentary lifestyle in remote communities such as Haasts Bluff, Papunya and Yuendemu. In many of these communities the supply of kapi is becoming increasingly insecure in terms of viability of supply, cost, quality and threats from mining. This paper provides a brief insight into how kapi has become devalued in the context of contemporary remote communities with particular reference to my area of expertise – Aboriginal identity, well-being and Australian sports.
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Augustus, Camie. "Knowledge Liaisons: Negotiating Multiple Pedagogies in Global Indigenous Studies Courses." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v45i4.184894.
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Over the past few years, Canadian universities have been at the forefront of institutional changes that identify Aboriginal people, internationalization, and pedagogical change as key areas for revision. Most universities’ strategic planning documents cite, at least to varying degrees, these three goals. Institutions have facilitated these changes by supporting new programs, teaching centres, and course redevelopment. While much attention has been given to those goals individually, it is rarely considered how these commitments converge in particular course offerings. This article considers the connections among Indigenous, global, and pedagogical goals by examining undergraduate comparative Indigenous studies courses, some pedagogical challenges that arise in those courses, and some strategies I have developed in meeting those challenges. Based in auto-pedagogy and a critical analysis of existing and emerging pedagogical frameworks, this article uses key concepts from Indigenous epistemologies, knowledge translation, and Sue Crowley’s (1997) levels of analysis to propose “knowledge liaisons” as a teaching model that addresses these challenges.
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Tlili, Anwar. "The organisational identity of science centres." Culture and Organization 14, no. 4 (December 2008): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759550802489581.
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Crock, Elizabeth, and Judy-Ann Butwilowsky. "The HIV Resource Nurse Role at the Royal District Nursing Service (Melbourne): Making A Difference for People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 2 (2006): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06026.
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The care of people living with HIV/AIDS in the home and community can be complex and challenging, requiring high levels of knowledge, skill, preparedness and, importantly, the ability to engage with people belonging to marginalised groups. In 2003, the Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) HIV/AIDS Team in Victoria, Australia, developed the new role of HIV Resource Nurse at two RDNS centres in Melbourne serving high numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from two case studies and interviews with two HIV Resource Nurses from one of the centres, this paper describes this practice innovation. Benefits (including a positive impact on client engagement with services, client care, relationships with other health care workers and job satisfaction) are outlined, along with challenges in the implementation and evolution of the role. Strategies to sustain and develop the HIV Resource Nurse role are proposed.
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Larsen, Katarina. "Managing the complexity of centres of excellence: accommodating diversity in institutional logics." Tertiary Education and Management 26, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09053-w.
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AbstractThis article discusses how Centres of Excellence (CoE) and the existence of several logics in these centres can contribute to the differentiation of the strategic profiles of universities. The study sees research centres as a way to organize research activities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in order to target both excellence but also societal challenges through focused thematic research. It reveals how societal challenges and their interpretation by these centres contribute to the differentiation of the strategic profiles of universities. Studies of centres of excellence programs in Sweden and Japan reveal differences in how their mission is formulated for relevance and excellence. The results indicate that contrasting missions of HEIs are accommodated through the dual logics of these centres relating both to autonomy and industry collaboration. The study shows that long-term funding gives these centres flexibility to set the agenda and focus on their strategic core activities. In other words, a logic of autonomy guides their strategic choices of research activities over the long-run as well as collaborators. Nevertheless, these centres are also developing strategies to cope with dilemmas stemming from the excellence-relevance and evaluation templates that emerge in the nexus of their collaborative ties with industry, government and universities.
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Davies, Jocelyn, Janelle White, Alyson Wright, Yiheyis Maru, and Michael LaFlamme. "Applying the sustainable livelihoods approach in Australian desert Aboriginal development." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07038.
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The sustainable livelihoods approach is widely used in rural development internationally but has been little applied in Australia. It is a framework for thinking and communicating about factors that impact on the livelihoods of individuals and families including their health, well being and income and the maintenance of natural resource condition. The approach aims to promote a systemic understanding of how multiple variables impact on local people’s livelihoods. Three case studies are outlined, that highlight its potential as a tool for collaborative engagement of researchers, local people and other stakeholders, to promote sustainability of Aboriginal livelihood systems in remote desert Australia and to contribute to improved understanding of the dynamics of regional socio-ecological systems.
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Yeoh, Peter. "Secrecy in Teflon international financial centres." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 777–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-03-2017-0060.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine tax leakages in secrecy financial centres. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study relies on primary data from relevant statutes and secondary data from the public domain and in particular academic sources. The study makes concurrent use of the case study approach. Findings The study reinforces existing suggestions that tax evasion is significantly widespread from advanced to emerging economies. It also suggests serious enforcement difficulties because of light-touch surveillance among competing tax havens and financial professionals. Further, while relevant laws are in place to deal with illicit activities, enhanced transparency is needed to quell the problem and, in this instance, public access to beneficial owner data such as exemplified by UK’s public registry approach. The US Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act is proving to be effective, and similar expectations are raised for the equivalent the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development initiative from 2017 onwards. Research limitations/implications The paper is constrained with the general limitations associated with qualitative studies. These are, however, mitigated by triangulations of perspectives and so on. Practical implications The findings have implications for policymakers and the business community. Social implications The findings could help to narrow inequality gaps between and within economies. Originality/value The paper combines insights from high-profile cases with those from academic sources. The analysis is also undertaken from the combined perspectives of law, economics and accounting. It also focuses in secrecy issues in both offshore and onshore financial centres.
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Chung, Henry V., Mark Riley, Jin K. Ho, Benjamin Leung, Gareth P. Jevon, Laura T. Arbour, Colin Barker, Richard Schreiber, and Eric M. Yoshida. "Retrospective Review of Pediatric and Adult Autoimmune Hepatitis in Two Quaternary Care Centres in British Columbia: Increased Prevalence Seen in British Columbia’S First Nations Community." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 9 (2007): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/757906.
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BACKGROUND: It has been previously reported that British Columbia’s (BC’s) First Nations (Aboriginal) community has an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatological conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus) and primary biliary cirrhosis. The researchers hypothesized that this community may also be at increased risk for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).METHODS: Independent, retrospective reviews of the databases of two separate tertiary/quaternary British Columbia university-affiliated health care institutions, the Adult Liver Transplant Program of the BC Transplant Society and the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital (Vancouver, BC), were performed. All patients referred with a diagnosis of probable or definite AIH who identified themselves as being of First Nations descent from 1988 to 2004 were reviewed. The liver transplant database records all adult patients in the province referred for transplant assessment. The pediatric database records all children referred to the BC Children’s Hospital.RESULTS: A total of 68 adult patients with a definite or probable diagnosis of AIH were referred to the liver transplant program. Twelve patients (17.6%) were Aboriginal, 11 of which were female. Similarly, a total of 30 children with probable or definite AIH were identified from the pediatric database. Six of these cases (20%) were identified in Aboriginal children.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest an increased prevalence of AIH among BC’s First Nations community. A disproportionate First Nations representation was found on independent review of two databases. Future studies are needed to determine the true prevalence of AIH in this community, and to uncover the genetic predisposition and the environmental triggers explaining this phenomenon.
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Bäck, Monica Andersson. "Nurses' Pay Formation in Swedish Health Call Centres." Gender, Work & Organization 16, no. 5 (September 2009): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00443.x.
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Reeves, Jonathan P., Conor H. D. John, Kevin A. Wood, and Phoebe R. Maund. "A Qualitative Analysis of UK Wetland Visitor Centres as a Health Resource." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 8629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168629.
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The health benefits associated with spending time in natural environments have been highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns and restrictions to safeguard public health have exacerbated the pre-existing mental health crisis and rise of non-communicable diseases. Thus, the importance of nature as a health resource has been elevated, hastening calls for a better understanding of how health benefits might differ across user groups and nature provisions. In this regard, urban green spaces have become the greatest research focus; however, blue spaces, especially inland freshwater (e.g., wetlands), remain less studied. First-hand user experiences are also under-represented. This exploratory study examines the motivations and benefits of active wetland centre users in the UK, both during and after visits. Responses to three open-ended questions were collated online from 385 participants, and a qualitative content analysis was conducted based on an existing taxonomy from users of urban green spaces. The results showed strong motivations to visit due to the biodiversity at the site (mainly the birdlife), while less tangible nature (e.g., fresh air) and amenities were also important. In contrast to other studies on natural environments, physical activity was a less influential motivation. Salient derived effects included positive and intensely positive emotions, relaxation and mental restoration. After visits to wetland centres, feelings of vitality and satisfaction were the most prominent effects that emerged. For decision-makers looking to leverage inland blue spaces for public health benefit, our results highlight the broad range and relative prominence of the reasons for use and the associated perceived health benefits derived by users of UK wetland centres. They highlight how biodiversity, abiotic nature and good amenities are important qualities to consider when planning, managing and encouraging people to use natural environments for health benefit, qualities that may also provide important environmental co-benefits.
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McCann, L. D. "The Myth of the Metropolis: The Role of the City in Canadian Regionalism." Urban History Review 9, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019299ar.
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The concept of metropolitanism, long an accepted fact in Canadian life and letters, has assumed the status of a national myth. Canada is no longer a country structured simply as metropolis and hinterland. Resource wealth has fostered sustained hinterland development and created regional metropolitan centres which directly influence the nation's economic, social, and political life. The strength of regional cities today affects both the redirection of national life and the renewed expression of regionalism which currently characterizes Canada.
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Crone, Gary, Lorraine Carey, and Peter Dowling. "Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004715.
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ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing body of research on telephone call centre management in the U.K. and the U.S.A., empirical studies in Australia are at an embryonic stage. To date, most of the studies have focussed on the management of employee performance. The principal aim of this study was to provide data on current compensation practices in Australian call centres and to determine the extent of their strategic and best-practice orientation. A second aim was to explore whether the strategic management of compensation can help to balance the tension between commitment to customer service and commitment to employee motivation.Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey of telephone call centres operating in a range of industries in Australia, the paper explores the effect of compensation practices on employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Following a review of the literature on call centre management and the literature on compensation strategies, the findings are presented. Key findings include: a) a significant negative correlation between annual salary and the number of calls handled by full-time customer service representatives (CSRs); b) a significant positive correlation between casual CSRs' pay rates and turnover; c) a significant negative correlation between full-time CSRs' pay and absenteeism; d) a highly significant difference between the compensation strategies currently practiced in Australian call centres and the strategies call centre managers think should be practiced and e) Australian call centre managers report their compensation strategies are not very effective in increasing performance or employee satisfaction.
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Howat, Gary, Gary Crilley, and Duncan Murray. "Using Performance Measures to Assess Performance of Indoor and Outdoor Aquatic Centres." Journal of Management & Organization 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004375.
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ABSTRACTA recent trend throughout Australia has been to develop multi-purpose indoor public aquatic centres in favour of outdoor pools. Such major policy and planning decisions often rely on consultants' feasibility studies, yet there is limited comprehensive industry-wide data available on which to base such decisions. The industry-wide performance measures discussed in this paper help fill this void by providing objective data to support the contention that multi-purpose indoor aquatic centres tend to outperform centres with solely outdoor pools. The key indicators of performance are based on financial viability and community participation data for a sample of Australian public aquatic centres.
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Vaarzon-Morel, P. "Changes in Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels and of their impacts and management." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 1 (2010): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09055.
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This paper reports on a survey of Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels undertaken with Aboriginal people from 27 Aboriginal communities within the current feral camel range in central Australia. Research methods were qualitative, involving face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Views were sought on feral camel presence and impacts and people’s attitudes towards feral camel management. In just over two-thirds of the communities surveyed, interviewees reported seeing camels. Many interviewees in high camel density areas claimed that camels damage natural and cultural resources (such as water places and bush tucker) and affect their customary use of country. Roughly a third of interviewees also claimed that feral camels deprive native species of water. Damage to infrastructure and homelands was also reported, and concern was expressed over the danger that camels posed both on and off the roads. At the same time, camels are said to have positive benefits and most interviewees view them as a potential resource. Yet despite a widely held view among interviewees that camels need to be controlled, the majority were only prepared to consider limited management options. What is significant, however, is that Aboriginal views on feral camels today are not homogenous: there is a diversity of perspectives emerging in response to transformations being brought about by feral camels on Aboriginal land. The findings are discussed in the context of earlier studies on Aboriginal perceptions of feral animals in central Australia, which concluded that feral animals were thought not to be a significant land management problem but to ‘belong to country’. The implications of changing Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels are discussed for the development of a collaborative feral camel management strategy.
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Bailey, Benjamin, and Joanne Arciuli. "Indigenous Australians with autism: A scoping review." Autism 24, no. 5 (January 13, 2020): 1031–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319894829.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with autism spectrum disorder, used interchangeably with the term autism, are among the most marginalised people in Australian society. This review maps out existing and emerging themes in the research involving Indigenous Australians with autism based on a search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature. Our search identified 1457 potentially relevant publications. Of these, 19 publications met our inclusion criteria and focused on autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and prevalence, as well as carer and service provider perspectives on autism, and autism support services for Indigenous Australians. We were able to access 17 publications: 12 journal articles, 3 conference presentations, 1 resource booklet and 1 dissertation. Findings suggest similar prevalence rates for autism among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, although some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with autism may not receive a diagnosis or may be misdiagnosed. Research on the perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander carers and Indigenous and non-Indigenous service providers is discussed in relation to Indigenous perspectives on autism, as well as barriers and strategies to improve access to diagnosis and support services. Although not the focus of our review, we briefly mention studies of Indigenous people with autism in countries other than Australia. Lay Abstract Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with developmental disabilities such as autism are among the most marginalised people in Australian society. We reviewed research involving Indigenous Australians with autism based on a search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature. Our search identified 1457 potentially relevant publications. Of these, 19 publications were in line with our main areas of inquiry: autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and prevalence, carer and service provider perspectives on autism, and autism support services. These included 12 journal publications, 3 conference presentations, 1 resource booklet and 1 thesis dissertation. Findings suggest similar prevalence rates for autism among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, although some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with autism may not receive a diagnosis or may be misdiagnosed. We also discuss research on the perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander carers and Indigenous and non-Indigenous service providers, as well as barriers and strategies for improving access to diagnosis and support services.
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Farhat, Imen, Lynne Moore, Teegwendé Valérie Porgo, Marie-Pier Patton, Pier-Alexandre Tardif, Catherine Truchon, Simon Berthelot, et al. "Resource use for older people hospitalised due to injury in a Canadian integrated trauma system: a retrospective multicenter cohort study." Age and Ageing 48, no. 6 (August 22, 2019): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz097.
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Abstract Background Injuries represent one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. For countries with ageing populations, admissions of injured older patients are increasing exponentially. Yet, we know little about hospital resource use for injured older patients. Our primary objective was to evaluate inter-hospital variation in the risk-adjusted resource use for injured older patients. Secondary objectives were to identify the determinants of resource use and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of injured older patients (≥65 years) admitted to any trauma centres in the province of Quebec (2013–2016, N = 33,184). Resource use was estimated using activity-based costing and modelled with multilevel linear models. We conducted separate subgroup analyses for patients with trauma and fragility fractures. Results Risk-adjusted resource use varied significantly across trauma centres, more for older patients with fragility fractures (intra-class correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.093, 95% CI [0.079, 0.102]) than with trauma (ICC = 0.047, 95% CI = 0.035–0.051). Risk-adjusted resource use increased with age, and the number of comorbidities, and varied with discharge destination (P < 0.001). Higher hospital resource use was associated with higher incidence of complications for trauma (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7) and fragility fractures (r = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7) and with higher mortality for fragility fractures (r = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.6). Conclusions We observed significant inter-hospital variations in resource use for injured older patients. Hospitals with higher resource use did not have better clinical outcomes. Hospital resource use may not always positively impact patient care and outcomes. Future studies should evaluate mechanisms, by which hospital resource use impacts care.
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Taylor, Cheryl. "‘This Fiction, It Don't Go Away’: Narrative as an Index to Palm Island's Past and Present." Queensland Review 16, no. 1 (January 2009): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004955.
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From their foundation at the turn of the twentieth century, the remoteness from large population centres of Queensland's reserves for Aboriginal and Islander people was a key factor in maintaining them. Activism by the people themselves, reports and commentary by journalists, and research by historians like Charles Rowley, Raymond Evans, Henry Reynolds and Ros Kidd have raised the public's awareness of past and present reserve conditions. Although important in itself, the tide of events may seem to be of only marginal professional concern to students of literature, yet a question worth considering is whether textual analysis can contribute usefully to the reform process. In this essay I demonstrate a form that such a contribution might take, by examining an unofficial canon of texts associated with Palm Island. In some respects a representative place of confinement for Aboriginal and Islander people, Palm Island has been described as ‘the largest and historically most punitive of Queensland's reserves’ (Watson 1993: ix). I explore the texts for the insights they provide into the changing attitudes and understanding of whites and blacks, as the forces of repression and resistance have wrestled for dominance. My aim is to contribute to the conversations among Indigenous and non-Indigenous people that are presently shaping Palm Island's future.
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Taylor, Kate P., and Sandra C. Thompson. "Closing the (service) gap: exploring partnerships between Aboriginal and mainstream health services." Australian Health Review 35, no. 3 (2011): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10936.
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Background. Although effective partnerships between Aboriginal and mainstream health services are critical to improve Aboriginal health outcomes, many factors can cause these partnerships to be tenuous and unproductive. Understanding the elements of best practice for successful partnerships is essential. Methods. A literature review was conducted in 2009 using keyword searches of electronic databases. Sourced literature was assessed for relevance regarding the benefits, challenges, lessons learnt and factors contributing to successful Aboriginal and mainstream partnerships. Key themes were collated. Results. Although there is much literature regarding general partnerships generally, few specifically examine Aboriginal and mainstream health service partnerships. Twenty-four sources were reviewed in detail. Benefits include broadening service capacity and improving the cultural security of healthcare. Challenges include the legacy of Australia’s colonial history, different approaches to servicing clients and resource limitations. Recommendations for success include workshopping tensions early, building trust and leadership. Conclusion. Although successful partnerships are crucial to optimise Aboriginal health outcomes, failed collaborations risk inflaming sensitive Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal relationships. Factors supporting successful partnerships remind us to develop genuine, trusting relationships that are tangibly linked to the Aboriginal community. Failure to invest in this relational process and push forward with ‘business as usual’ can ultimately have negative ramifications on client outcomes. What is known about the topic? Partnerships between different health services have long been recognised as beneficial for broadening service capacity and using resources more effectively to improve client care. The current policy climate particularly recognises partnerships between Aboriginal and mainstream services as offering multiple benefits for improving the cultural and clinical capacity of health service delivery to Aboriginal clients. Yet many challenges face these arrangements, including tensions stemming from historical and current race relations, different ways of working and ongoing Aboriginal disadvantage. What does this paper add? Although partnerships between Aboriginal and mainstream services are strongly advocated for, there is a paucity of research on the challenges in these arrangements and practical suggestions on how to make such partnerships genuinely successful. This paper analyses the results from research, case studies, reports and reviews to identify the factors that challenge and enhance partnerships between Aboriginal and mainstream health services. The collation of this information also enables indicators of best practice to be presented. What are the implications for practitioners? Although there are considerable challenges for Aboriginal and mainstream health services entering into partnerships, this paper offers health service practitioners and managers a summary of lessons learnt and a ‘checklist’ of best practice indicators to assist them in developing, implementing and sustaining a successful collaborative arrangement.
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Petrov, Andrey N., and Philip A. Cavin. "Creative Alaska: creative capital and economic development opportunities in Alaska." Polar Record 49, no. 4 (June 29, 2012): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000289.
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ABSTRACTThe flaws of the 20th century–type development ‘mega–projects’ in the circumpolar North prompt Arctic regions actively to search for alternative strategies of regional development that break away from resource–dependency and reconcile local (traditional) societies with the realities of post–Fordism and globalisation. This paper presents a study that focuses on the notion of creative capital (CC) and assesses its ability to foster economic development in Alaska. The findings suggest that some characteristics of the CC observed in Alaskan communities are similar to those found in southern regions, whereas others are distinct (but similar to those in the Canadian North). In Alaska, the synergy between cultural economy, entrepreneurship and leadership appear to be more important in characterising creative capacities than formal education. The geographical distribution of the CC is uneven and heavily clustered in economically, geographically and politically privileged northern urban centres. However, some remote regions also demonstrate considerable levels of creative potential, in particular associated with the aboriginal cultural capital (artists, crafters, etc.). A number of Alaskan regions, creative ‘hot spots’, could become places that can benefit from alternative strategies of regional development based on CC, knowledge–based and cultural economies.
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Bonfantini, Bertrando. "Centri storici: infrastrutture per l'urbanitŕ contemporanea." TERRITORIO, no. 64 (February 2013): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2013-064025.
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Looking at the various types of contemporary urban configurations, town and city centres continue to represent a resource and potential for structuring of a centralised system and for the organisation of more densely urbanised areas. While in the past the recognisability and individuality of town and city centres have been a sign of their uniqueness in an ‘insular' urban design, today they form part of an more varied ‘town centre' which runs across the entire urban range, the protagonists of a project to change the composition of towns and cities. As themes or systems of urban restructuring, town and city centres become a planning construct used to make selections from the materials of the existing town or city of those which, on the basis of their differentiating qualities which express their importance, are candidates for interpretation in a new role, with permanent and long-term profiles.
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Riley, Tasha. "Exceeding Expectations: Teachers’ Decision Making Regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Students." Journal of Teacher Education 70, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 512–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487118806484.
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Although Indigenous and non-Indigenous teachers, administrators, and educational policy makers have made efforts to improve Indigenous educational outcomes, slow progress limits the opportunities available to Indigenous learners and perpetuates social and economic disadvantage. Prior Canadian studies demonstrate that some teachers attribute low ability and adverse life circumstances to Indigenous students, possibly influencing classroom placement. These findings were the catalyst for an Australian-based study assessing the influence students’ Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status had upon teachers’ placement decisions. Teachers allocated fictional students to supplementary, regular, or advanced programs. Study findings revealed that teachers’ decisions were based upon assumptions regarding the perceived ability, family background, and/or life circumstances of Indigenous learners. The research tool designed for this study provides a way for teachers to identify the implications of biases on decision making, making it a valuable resource for teacher educators engaging in equity work with preservice teachers.
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Comay, Dan, and John K. Marshall. "Resource Utilization for Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: The Ontario GI Bleed Study." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 10 (2002): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/156592.
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OBJECTIVES: Acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (LGIH) is a common indication for hospitalization. However, there are few published studies of related health care resource utilization. Resource utilization, length of stay (LOS) and direct medical costs were characterized in a cohort of patients admitted for nonmalignant LGIH to centres in Ontario.METHODS: Consecutive admissions for LGIH were identified at four Ontario hospitals. Profiles of resource utilization, LOS and estimates of direct medical costs were compiled through detailed chart review and adaptation of an administrative database. All centres were participants in the Ontario Case Cost Project. Linear regression models of log-transformed data were constructed to identify demographic variables predictive of LOS and case cost.RESULTS: Among 124 patients enrolled (mean age 58.8 years) the average case cost was $4,832 (SD $7,187) for 7.5 days in hospital (SD 12.0). Diverticular disease was the bleeding source most often identified (34.6%), followed by hemorrhoids (13.7%) and ischemic colitis (9.7%). Older age and comorbid illness, specifically coronary artery disease (CAD), were associated with both increased LOS and higher case cost in univariate regression analyses. Age persisted as the lone independent predictor of LOS in the multivariate model (P<0.05, R2=0.076), and age and CAD were both independent predictors of cost (P<0.05, R2=0.109) in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Neither sex nor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use predicted LOS or cost.CONCLUSIONS: Admissions for acute LGIH are associated with significant resource utilization, particularly among elderly patients with CAD.
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Segal, Idit, Anthony Otley, Robert Issenman, David Armstrong, Victor Espinosa, Ruth Cawdron, Muhammad G. Morshed, and Kevan Jacobson. "Low Prevalence ofHelicobacter PyloriInfection in Canadian Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 5 (2008): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/410176.
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BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence rates of childhoodHelicobacter pyloriinfection vary greatly by nation, with infection rates of 8.9% to 72.8% reported in developed and developing countries, respectively. To date, few studies have assessed the prevalence ofH pyloriin Canadian children, with studies limited to Aboriginal communities and single tertiary care centres from Ontario and Quebec.OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence ofH pyloriin consecutive children referred to three Canadian tertiary care academic centres for upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy due to upper GI symptoms, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the carbon-13-labelled urea breath test, the rapid urease test and theH pyloristool monoclonal antigen test.RESULTS: Two hundred four patients were recruited. The prevalence ofH pyloriwas 7.1%. Of theH pylori-positive patients, 41.7% were male, with a mean age of 10.3 years. Ethnic minorities accounted for 42% of theH pylori-positive patients. Consistent with previous observations, the sensitivity and specificity of the carbon-13-labelled urea breath test were 1.0 and 0.98, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid urease test were 1.0 and 0.99, respectively. Stool samples were collected from 34 patients from one centre, with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.68, respectively. No defining symptoms ofH pyloriinfection were evident and no peptic ulcer disease was demonstrated.CONCLUSION:H pyloriinfection rates in Canadian children with upper GI symptoms are low, and are lower than those reported for other developed countries. Further studies are required in Canada to determine the prevalence in the general population and specifically in the populations at risk.
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Hamilton, Stephen K., and Peter C. Gehrke. "Australia's tropical river systems: current scientific understanding and critical knowledge gaps for sustainable management." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05063.
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Australia’s tropical river systems are poorly understood in comparison with Australia’s temperate freshwater and tropical marine systems. Tropical rivers convey ~70% of the continent’s freshwater runoff, and are increasingly being targeted for development. However, existing knowledge is inadequate to support policy for tropical regions that avoids repeating the environmental problems of water use in southern Australia. This paper summarises existing knowledge on the hydrogeomorphic drivers of tropical catchments, fluxes of sediments and nutrients, flow requirements and wetlands. Key research issues include improved quantification of available water resources, hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological linkages at systems scales, understanding and valuing ecosystem processes and services, and projecting the effects of long-term climate change. Two special considerations for tropical Australia are the location of major centres of government and research capacity outside the tropical region, and the legal title of much of tropical Australia vesting in Aboriginal communities with different cultural values for rivers. Both issues will need to be addressed if tropical research is to be effective in supporting resource management needs into the future. Systems-scale thinking is needed to identify links between system components and coastal enterprises, and to protect the environmental, social, and economic values of Australia’s tropical river systems.
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Batomen, Brice, Lynne Moore, Mabel Carabali, Pier-Alexandre Tardif, and Howard Champion. "Effectiveness of trauma centre verification: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Canadian Journal of Surgery 64, no. 1 (February 2021): E25—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.016219.
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Background: There is a growing trend toward verification of trauma centres, but its impact remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available evidence on the effectiveness of trauma centre verification. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the CINAHL, Embase, HealthStar, MEDLINE and ProQuest databases, as well as the websites of key injury organizations for grey literature, from inception to June 2019, without language restrictions. Our population consisted of injured patients treated at trauma centres. The intervention was trauma centre verification. Comparison groups comprised nonverified trauma centres, or the same centre before it was first verified or re-verified. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included adverse events, resource use and processes of care. We computed pooled summary estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Of 5125 citations identified, 29, all conducted in the United States, satisfied our inclusion criteria. Mortality was the most frequently investigated outcome (n = 20), followed by processes of care (n = 12), resource use (n = 12) and adverse events (n = 7). The risk of bias was serious to critical in 22 studies. We observed an imprecise association between verification and decreased mortality (relative risk 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.52 to 1.06) in severely injured patients. Conclusion: Our review showed mixed and inconsistent associations between verification and processes of care or patient outcomes. The validity of the published literature is limited by the lack of robust controls, as well as any evidence from outside the US, which precludes extrapolation to other health care jurisdictions. Quasiexperimental studies are needed to assess the impact of trauma centre verification. Systematic reviews registration: PROSPERO no. CRD42018107083
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Rubtsov, V. V., and G. V. Shookova. "Psychological Research as a Resource of Educational Practice Development: Scientific Projects of the Psychological Institute." Психологическая наука и образование 23, no. 1 (2018): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2018230111.
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The article deals with the issues of introducing outcomes of fundamental psychological studies into the practice of Russian education. The example of the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, one of the oldest Russian scientific centres that studies cognitive, personal and psychophysiological spheres in children and adults, illustrates the main principle of integration of science and educational practice: fundamental substantiation of applied products created for the educational system, with the conceptual level of psychological knowledge functioning as the basis for modelling highly effective psychological and pedagogical instruments. It is shown that although practice makes high demand for scientific foundation, the most urgent problem is the absence of an effective mechanism of integration of scientifically based psychological tools that can be used to optimize the education process. Nevertheless, the need for scientifically grounded means of reacting to the challenges of our time is reflected in contemporary studies carried out in Russian schools, which proves the high potential that the fundamental research has for the development of the Russian educational system.
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Su, Jiunn-Yih, Vincent Yaofeng He, Steven Guthridge, and Sven Silburn. "The Impact of Hearing Impairment on the Life Trajectories of Aboriginal Children in Remote Australia: Protocol for the Hearing Loss in Kids Project." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): e15464. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15464.
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Background Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of chronic otitis media (OM) and hearing impairment (HI) in Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Children affected by these disorders are believed to be at increased risk for adverse outcomes in early childhood development, school attendance, academic performance, and child maltreatment and youth offending. However, to date, there have been no studies quantifying the association between HI and these outcomes in this population. Objective This study will investigate the association between HI and the 5 outcomes in Aboriginal children living in remote NT communities. Methods Individual-level information linked across multiple administrative datasets will be used to conduct a series of retrospective observational studies on selected developmental and school outcomes. The predictor variables for all studies are the results from audiometric hearing assessments. The outcome measures are as follows: Australian Early Development Census results, representing developmental readiness for school, assessed around 5 years of age; Year 1 school attendance rates; Year 3 school-based academic performance, assessed in the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy; incidence of child maltreatment events (including both notifications and substantiated cases); and incidence of a first guilty verdict for youth offenders. Confounding and moderating factors available for the analysis include both community-level factors (including school fixed effects, socioeconomic status, level of remoteness, and housing crowdedness) and individual-level factors (including maternal and perinatal health and hospital admissions in early childhood). Results The study commenced in 2018, with ethics and data custodian approvals for data access and linkage. This has enabled the completion of data linkage and the commencement of data analysis for individual component studies, with findings expected to be published in 2019 and 2020. Conclusions This study will provide first evidence of the impact of OM-related HI on the developmental, educational, and social outcomes of Australian Aboriginal children. The findings are expected to have significant implications for policy development, service design, and resource allocation. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/15464
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Blake, Kevin V., Camilla Smeraldi, Xavier Kurz, Peter Arlett, Stella Blackburn, and Henry Fitt. "The European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance: application to diabetes and vascular disease." British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 11, no. 6 (November 2011): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474651411422825.
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The European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) is an initiative led by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) aimed at further strengthening the post-authorisation monitoring of medicinal products in Europe by facilitating the undertaking of multi-centre, independent, studies focusing on safety and on benefit/risk. A key objective of ENCePP is to provide a unique point of access for all involved stakeholders, including industry or regulatory authorities, who are seeking collaboration for the commissioning or the performance of post-authorisation studies. The 2010 EMA regulatory action relating to rosiglitazone included a pharmacoepidemiological drug utilisation study to evaluate the benefit–risk profile in a real-life setting and has also led to the commissioning of an ENCePP study to evaluate the impact of risk-minimisation activities. ENCePP seeks to improve the European Union capacity to conduct such studies and thus support decision making. Application of the ENCePP study concept will result in an increase in trust in medicines and their use. In addition, the ENCePP register of studies will serve as a resource to allow for ready access to study protocols and results, thereby ensuring transparency.
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Vayreda, Agnès, Ester Conesa, Beatriz Revelles‐Benavente, and Ana M. González Ramos. "Subjectivation processes and gender in a neoliberal model of science in three Spanish research centres." Gender, Work & Organization 26, no. 4 (May 2019): 430–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12360.
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