Journal articles: 'Aboriginal health'

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Laugharne, Jonathan. "Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 6 (June 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.6.364.

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When the Australian Governor General, Sir William Deane, referred in a speech in 1996 to the “appalling problems relating to Aboriginal health” he was not exaggerating. The Australia Bureau of Statistics report on The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than non-Aboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal Australians. Death rates from infectious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals – and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded.

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Ospina, Maria B., Donald C. Voaklander, Michael K. Stickland, Malcolm King, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, and Brian H. Rowe. "Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies." Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, no. 6 (2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/825107.

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BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.

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Schultz, Rosalie. "Aboriginal health." Medical Journal of Australia 172, no. 9 (May 2000): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb124048.x.

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Stapleton, Thomas. "Aboriginal health." Lancet 351, no. 9112 (May 1998): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79098-x.

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Blackwell, Nikki, and Jeremy Hayllar. "Aboriginal health." Lancet 351, no. 9112 (May 1998): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79099-1.

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Zinn, C. "Health gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginals widening." BMJ 314, no. 7088 (April 19, 1997): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7088.1145i.

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Hazlehurst, Kayleen M. "Alcohol, Outstations and Autonomy: An Australian Aboriginal Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 2 (April 1986): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600208.

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It has been argued that a variety of pressures—a history of colonial exploitation, socio-economic decline, and psycho-environmental factors—have contributed to Aboriginal alcoholism and alcohol related crime. Other analyses have connected Aboriginal drinking patterns with a well established set of social relationships which support and continue to maintain Aboriginal life-style alcoholism. In the search for effective and long-term “solutions” to this addiction the author urges a deeper understanding of Aboriginal drinking relationships and the potential of these relationships to offer real rehabilitative alternatives for Aboriginals.

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Todd, Angela, and Michael Frommer. "NSW Health Aboriginal Health Impact Statement: References and resources about aboriginal people and aboriginal health." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 14, no. 7 (2003): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb03042.

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Houston, Shane, and David Legge. "Aboriginal health research and the National Aboriginal Health Strategy." Australian Journal of Public Health 16, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00037.x.

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Senior, Timothy P. M. "Better Aboriginal health." Medical Journal of Australia 190, no. 4 (February 2009): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02336.x.

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Leggat, Sandra G. "Improving Aboriginal health." Australian Health Review 32, no. 4 (2008): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080587.

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In recognition of the recent achievements of the Close the Gap campaign, this issue of AHR contains a set of papers focusing on Aboriginal health. At the national Indigenous Health Equality Summit in Canberra in March 2008, the Close the Gap Statement of Intent was signed. This Statement of Intent requires the government, health and social service agencies and the Aboriginal communities to work together to achieve equality in health status and life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians by the year 2030. (See http:// www.hreoc.gov.au/Social_Justice/health/statement_ intent.html) The first three papers present important policy lessons. Matthews and her colleagues stress the need to strengthen the link between policy formulation and implementation (page 613). Their study found that the lack of progress in improving Aboriginal health may be the result of lack of Indigenous involvement in policy formulation at the senior Australian Government level, limited participation of Indigenous community controlled health organisations in the policy making process and insufficient resources for implementation. Anderson, Anderson and Smylie outline the achievements of the National Indigenous Health Performance Measurement System (page 626), and change management lessons from Aboriginal community controlled health organisations are discussed by Leanne Coombe from the Apunipima Cape York Health Council (page 639). Other papers with a focus on Aboriginal health include a review of emergency department access (page 648), overseas-trained doctors working in rural and remote Aboriginal health settings (page 655) and eye health programs within remote Aboriginal communities (page 664).

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Ban, Elizabeth. "Addressing aboriginal health." Nature Medicine 3, no. 2 (February 1997): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0297-129b.

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Ospina, Maria B., Brian H. Rowe, Donald Voaklander, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Michael K. Stickland, and Malcolm King. "Emergency Department Visits after Diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal People in Alberta, Canada." CJEM 18, no. 6 (May 16, 2016): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.328.

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AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective cohort study compared rates of emergency department (ED) visits after a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the three Aboriginal groups (Registered First Nations, Métis and Inuit) relative to a non-Aboriginal cohort.MethodsWe linked eight years of administrative health data from Alberta and calculated age- and sex-standardized ED visit rates in cohorts of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals diagnosed with COPD. Rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a Poisson regression model that adjusted for important sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. Differences in ED length of stay (LOS) and disposition status were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 2,274 Aboriginal people and 1,611 non-Aboriginals were newly diagnosed with COPD during the study period. After adjusting for important sociodemographic and clinical factors, the rate of all-cause ED visits in all Aboriginal people (RR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.67, 1.77), particularly among Registered First Nations people (RR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.08) and Inuit (RR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.35), were significantly higher than that in non-Aboriginals, while ED visit rates were significantly lower in the Métis (RR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98). The ED LOS in all Aboriginal groups were significantly lower than that of the non-Aboriginal group.ConclusionsAboriginal people with COPD use almost twice the amount of ED services compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. There are also important variations in patterns of ED services use among different Aboriginal groups with COPD in Alberta.

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MacDonald, Catherine, Bill Genat, Sharon Thorpe, and Jennifer Browne. "Establishing health-promoting workplaces in Aboriginal community organisations: healthy eating policies." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 3 (2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14144.

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Aboriginal community controlled health organisations (ACCHOs) and cooperatives function at the centre of community life for local Aboriginal people across Victoria. Local Aboriginal people govern them, work within them as managers and service providers, access health and community services from them and form the constituents who determine their directions. Victorian ACCHOs reflect the unique characteristics of the local Aboriginal community. Thus, potentially, Victorian ACCHOs are key strategic sites for health promotion activities that seek to establish and nurture healthy community, family and peer norms. The Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (VACCHO) partnered five metropolitan, regional and rural ACCHOs in a pilot project towards the establishment of healthy food policies and practices in their organisations. Project activities combined both ‘top-down’ policy-oriented and ‘bottom-up’ practice-oriented strategies. This paper, drawing upon both baseline and follow-up quantitative and qualitative data, describes initiatives leading to increases in healthy catering choices and related challenges for Aboriginal workplace health promotion practice.

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Thurber, Katherine Ann, Grace Joshy, Rosemary Korda, Sandra J. Eades, Vicki Wade, Hilary Bambrick, Bette Liu, and Emily Banks. "Obesity and its association with sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 6 (March 7, 2018): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210064.

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BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is the second leading contributor to Australia’s burden of disease and is particularly prevalent among Aboriginal peoples. This paper aims to provide insight into factors relating to obesity among Aboriginal adults and Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal differences.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of data from the 45 and Up Study, comparing obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) prevalence and risk factors among 1515 Aboriginal and 213 301 non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales. Age–sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for obesity by sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status were estimated (multivariable log-binomial regression) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants separately. We quantified the extent to which key factors (physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness, area-level disadvantage) accounted for any excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ResultsObesity prevalence was 39% among Aboriginal and 22% among non-Aboriginal participants (PR=1.65, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.76). Risk factors for obesity were generally similar for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants and included individual-level and area-level disadvantage, physical inactivity, and poor physical and mental health, with steeper gradients observed among non-Aboriginal participants for some factors (Pinteraction <0.05). Many risk factors were more common among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants; key factors accounted for >40% of the excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ConclusionA substantial proportion of the excess obesity prevalence among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants was explained by physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness and area-level disadvantage. Socioeconomic and health behaviour factors are potential targets for promoting healthy BMI, but these must be considered within the context of upstream social and cultural factors. Adults with health needs and disability require particular attention.

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Goodman, Karen J., Kevan Jacobson, and Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten. "Helicobacter PyloriInfection in Canadian and Related Arctic Aboriginal Populations." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 3 (2008): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/258610.

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In 2006, the Canadian Helicobacter Study Group identified Aboriginal communities among Canadian population groups most at risk ofHelicobacter pylori-associated disease. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize what is known about theH pylori-associated disease burden in Canadian and related Arctic Aboriginal populations to identify gaps in knowledge. Six health literature databases were systematically searched to identify reports onH pyloriprevalence in Canadian population groups, or any topic related toH pyloriin Canadian Aboriginals, Alaska Natives or Aboriginals of other Arctic regions. Identified reports were organized by subtopic and summarized in narrative form. Key data from studies ofH pyloriprevalence in defined populations were summarized in tabular form. A few Arctic Aboriginal communities were represented in the literature: two Canadian Inuit; one Canadian First Nation; two Greenland Inuit; one Russian Chutkotka Native; and several Alaska Native studies. These studies uniformly showed elevatedH pyloriprevalence; a few studies also showed elevated occurrence ofH pylori-related diseases and high rates of treatment failure. Based on the evidence, it would be warranted for clinicians to relax the criteria for investigatingH pyloriand related diseases in patients from Arctic Aboriginal communities, and to pursue post-therapy confirmation of eradication. Additional community-based research is needed to develop public health policies for reducingH pylori-associated health risks in such communities.

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Steenbeek, A., D. Langille, K. Wilson, and A. Muir. "Ethnicity And Depression Among Maritime University Students In Canada." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S423—S424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1531.

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IntroductionDepression is among the most common mental illnesses in Canada. Although many factors contribute to depression, stress is among the most commonly reported. Studies suggest that marginalized groups often experience high levels of stress.ObjectiveTo examine associations between ethnicity and depressive symptoms among university students.AimTo identify if ethnic groups, particularly Aboriginal students, are at greater risk of depression.MethodsOnline survey data were collected from students attending eight universities in the Canadian Maritime Provinces (n = 10,180). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Ethnicity was organized into five groups: Caucasian only, Aboriginal only, Aboriginals with other ethnicities, Mixed Ethnicity (not including Aboriginal), and Other (single ethnicity not including Aboriginal or Caucasian). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess associations between ethnicity and elevated depressive symptoms. Adjusted models accounted for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural characteristics.ResultsIn adjusted analyses for men, Mixed (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12–3.63) and Other ethnic students (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.11–1.96) were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms than Caucasians. There were no differences between those who were Aboriginal and those who were Caucasian. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses for women, depressive symptoms in ethnic groups (including Aboriginals) were not significantly different from Caucasians.ConclusionAmong male university students in the Maritime, ethnicity (other than being Aboriginal) was associated with depressive symptoms in comparison to Caucasians, after adjusting for covariates. However, among women, ethnicity was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Hunter, Ernest. "Using a Socio-Historical Frame to Analyse Aboriginal Self-Destructive Behaviour." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009077682.

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The last two decades have seen rapid changes in many facets of Aboriginal society, including morbidity and mortality. The same period has witnessed a dramatic increase in writing about and by Aborigines and this has necessitated a re-examination of the national “history” to include the indigenous people of Australia. Medical workers in Aboriginal Australia should be alert to the historical forces determining patterns of ill-health. Psychiatry in particular must develop this perspective if it is to participate with Aborigines in addressing emergent patterns of behavioural distress including suicide, parasuicide, ludic behaviour and self-mutilation. This paper demonstrates the importance of the socio-historical frame in the examination of these behaviours from one discrete region in isolated Aboriginal Australia: the Kimberley.

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Campbell, Megan Ann, Jennifer Hunt, David J. Scrimgeour, Maureen Davey, and Victoria Jones. "Contribution of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services to improving Aboriginal health: an evidence review." Australian Health Review 42, no. 2 (2018): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16149.

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Objective Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) deliver comprehensive, culturally appropriate primary health care to Aboriginal people and communities. The published literature acknowledging and supporting the roles of ACCHSs in improving Aboriginal health is limited. This paper seeks to collate and analyse the published evidence supporting the contribution of ACCHSs to improving the health of Aboriginal people. Methods A conceptual framework for exploring the contribution of ACCHSs was developed, drawing on the literature on the core functions of ACCHSs and the components of quality primary health care. This framework was used to structure the search strategy, inclusion criteria and analysis of the review. Results ACCHSs contribute to improving the health and well being of Aboriginal peoples through several pathways, including community controlled governance, providing employment and training, strengthening the broader health system and providing accessible, comprehensive primary health care. Conclusions ACCHSs make a range of important contributions to improving the health of Aboriginal peoples that are under-acknowledged. Consideration of the different ways ACCHSs contribute to improving Aboriginal health is of value in the design and evaluation of programs and policies that aim to improve the health of Aboriginal peoples. What is known about the topic? Aboriginal communities have long argued the vital role of ACCHSs in improving Aboriginal health. What does this paper add? This paper provides a comprehensive collation and analysis of the evidence supporting the contributions ACCHSs are making to improving Aboriginal health. What are the implications for practitioners? The conceptual framework and findings outlined in this paper illustrate that ACCHSs are making important contributions to improving Aboriginal health through several pathways. This information can be used to ensure actions to improve Aboriginal health are appropriate and effective. There are important gaps in the literature that researchers need to address.

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Wettasinghe, Pamela Ming, Wendy Allan, Gail Garvey, Alison Timbery, Sue Hoskins, Madeleine Veinovic, Gail Daylight, et al. "Older Aboriginal Australians’ Health Concerns and Preferences for Healthy Ageing Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 7390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207390.

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While there is strong evidence of the need for healthy ageing programs for older Aboriginal Australians, few are available. It is important to understand older Aboriginal Australians’ perspectives on healthy ageing in order to co-design culturally-appropriate programs, including views on technology use in this context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 Aboriginal Australians aged 50 years and older from regional and urban communities to explore participants’ health concerns, preferences for healthy ageing programs, and receptiveness to technology. Qualitative data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. This study found that older Aboriginal Australians are concerned about chronic health conditions, social and emotional well-being, and difficulties accessing health services. A range of barriers and enablers to participation in current health programs were identified. From the perspective of older Aboriginal people, a successful healthy ageing program model includes physical and cognitive activities, social interaction, and health education. The program model also provides culturally safe care and transport for access as well as family, community, cultural identity, and empowerment regarding ageing well as central tenets. Technology could also be a viable approach for program delivery. These findings can be applied in the implementation and evaluation of culturally-appropriate, healthy ageing programs with older Aboriginal people.

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Howell, Teresa, Monique Auger, Tonya Gomes, Francis Lee Brown, and Alannah Young Leon. "Sharing Our Wisdom: A Holistic Aboriginal Health Initiative." International Journal of Indigenous Health 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijih111201616015.

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Colonization has had a profound effect on Aboriginal people’s health and the deterioration of traditional Aboriginal healthcare systems. Health problems among Aboriginal people are increasing at an alarming pace, while recovery from these problems tends to be poorer than among other Canadians. Aboriginal people residing in urban settings, while maintaining strong cultural orientations, also face challenges in finding mentors, role models, and cultural services, all of which are key determinants of health. Using a participatory action framework, this study focused on understanding and describing Aboriginal traditional healing methods as viable approaches to improve health outcomes in an urban Aboriginal community. This research investigated the following questions: (a) Do traditional Aboriginal health practices provide a more meaningful way of addressing health strategies for Aboriginal people? (b) How does participation in health circles, based on Aboriginal traditional knowledge, impact the health of urban Aboriginal people? Community members who participated in this project emphasized the value of a cultural approach to health and wellness. The project provided a land-based cultural introduction to being of nə́c̓aʔmat tə šxʷqʷeləwən ct (one heart, one mind) and learning ways of respectful listening xwna:mstəm (witness) tə slaχen (medicines) (listen to the medicine), through a series of seven health circles. The circles, developed by Aboriginal knowledge keepers, fostered a healthy sense of identity for participants and demonstrated the ways of cultural belonging and community. Participants acknowledged that attending the health circles improved not only their physical health, but also their mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

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Cuthbert, Kiarah E., Clare Brown, Melinda Hammond, Tiffany A. Williams, Desmond Tayley, Eileen Deemal-Hall, and David P. Thomas. "Engaging with Aboriginal Shire Councils in remote Cape York communities to address smoke-free environments." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 5 (2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19023.

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The high prevalence and health effect of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is well known. Due to its significance, the responsibility of tackling smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should not remain solely with health service providers. The creation of supportive environments and collaboration beyond the health sector are critical elements of comprehensive primary health care practised by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. This paper discusses how Apunipima Cape York Health Council worked with three Aboriginal Shire Councils to create more smoke-free places, using local working groups, information sessions and community-based health promotion. The flexibility and the time allocated to the engagement process with councils, community leaders, organisations and community members were important. All three communities acknowledged the benefits of role modelling and working together to improve health, with addressing tobacco smoking seen as ‘everyone’s business’ and ‘not just service providers’. Aboriginal Shire Councils can play a critical role, in partnership with Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, in creating healthy places that enable healthy choices.

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Durey, A., D. McAullay, B. Gibson, and L. M. Slack-Smith. "Oral Health in Young Australian Aboriginal Children." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416667244.

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Despite dedicated government funding, Aboriginal Australians, including children, experience more dental disease than other Australians, despite it being seen as mostly preventable. The ongoing legacy of colonization and discrimination against Aboriginal Australians persists, even in health services. Current neoliberal discourse often holds individuals responsible for the state of their health, rather than the structural factors beyond individual control. While presenting a balanced view of Aboriginal health is important and attests to Indigenous peoples’ resilience when faced with persistent adversity, calling to account those structural factors affecting the ability of Aboriginal people to make favorable oral health choices is also important. A decolonizing approach informed by Indigenous methodologies and whiteness studies guides this article to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal parents ( N = 52) of young children, mainly mothers, in Perth, Western Australia, as they relate to the oral health. Two researchers, 1 Aboriginal and 1 non-Aboriginal, conducted 9 focus group discussions with 51 Aboriginal participants, as well as 1 interview with the remaining individual, and independently analyzed responses to identify themes underpinning barriers and enablers to oral health. These were compared, discussed, and revised under key themes and interpreted for meanings attributed to participants’ perspectives. Findings indicated that oral health is important yet often compromised by structural factors, including policy and organizational practices that adversely preclude participants from making optimal oral health choices: limited education about prevention, prohibitive cost of services, intensive marketing of sugary products, and discrimination from health providers resulting in reluctance to attend services. Current government intentions center on Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal partnerships, access to flexible services, and health care that is free of racism and proactively seeks and welcomes Aboriginal people. The challenge is whether these good intentions are matched by policies and practices that translate into sustained improvements to oral health for Aboriginal Australians. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Slow progress in reducing persistent oral health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians calls for a new approach to this seemingly intractable problem. Findings from our qualitative research identified that structural factors—such as cost of services, little or no education on preventing oral disease, and discrimination by health providers—compromised Aboriginal people’s optimum oral health choices and access to services. The results from this study can be used to recommend changes to policies and practices that promote rather than undermine Aboriginal health and well-being and involve Aboriginal people in decisions about their health care.

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Bartlett, Ben, and John Boffa. "The impact of Aboriginal community controlled health service advocacy on Aboriginal health policy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 2 (2005): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05022.

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This paper reviews the advocacy role of Aboriginal community controlled health services (ACCHSs) in the development of Aboriginal health policy over the past 30 years, with a specific focus on the recent changes in Commonwealth funding and administrative responsibility - the transfer of Aboriginal health service funding from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) to the Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Services (OATSIHS) within the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA), and the development of policies aimed at Aboriginal health services accessing mainstream (Medical Benefits Scheme [MBS]) funds. The outcomes of this policy change include a significant increase in funding to Aboriginal primary health care (PHC), the inclusion of ACCHSs in collaborative strategic relationships, and the development of new arrangements involving regional planning and access to per capita funds based on MBS equivalents. However, the community sector remains significantly disadvantaged in participating in this collaborative effort, and imposed bureaucratic processes have resulted in serious delays in releasing funds for actual services in communities. Government agencies need to take greater heed of community advocacy, and provide appropriate resourcing to enable community organisations to better direct government effort, especially at the implementation phase. These remain major concerns and should be considered by non-health sectors in the development of new funding and program development mechanisms in the wake of the abolition of ATSIC.

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Dugdale, Alan E., and Jan Pratt. "Stereotypes of Aboriginal health." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 10 (May 1995): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138525.x.

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Ring, Ian T. "Words on Aboriginal health." Medical Journal of Australia 182, no. 3 (April 28, 2004): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06600.x.

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Mitchell, Melvina, and Lynette M. Hussey. "The Aboriginal health worker." Medical Journal of Australia 184, no. 10 (May 2006): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00353.x.

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Wenitong, Mark. "Nurturing Aboriginal men's health." Medical Journal of Australia 190, no. 10 (May 2009): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02583.x.

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Gracey, Michael. "Australian Aboriginal child health." Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 18, sup1 (September 1998): S53—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724936.1998.11747981.

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Aglukkaq, L. "Federal Aboriginal health programs." Canadian Medical Association Journal 184, no. 15 (October 16, 2012): 1715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.112-2072.

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Zinn, C. "Aboriginal health gap widens." BMJ 310, no. 6988 (May 6, 1995): 1157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6988.1157a.

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Hays, Richard. "Aboriginal Health and Society." Social Science & Medicine 36, no. 4 (February 1993): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90423-2.

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Adams, Karen, and Merilyn Spratling. "Keepin Ya Mob Healthy: Aboriginal Community Participation and Aboriginal Health Worker Training in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01020.

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This article outlines the development of accredited Aboriginal Health Worker training in Victoria. The processes of community consultation are presented as the primary reason for the successful implementation of the training program in its first year of delivery. The most important community consultation processes involved the active input of Elders and Aboriginal Health Workers. The training was seen as more credible by other Koorie people because of the input of these groups. The supportive role played by both the State and Commonwealth governments as well as industry groups are also explored. The successful implementation of the Aboriginal Health Worker training program demonstrates that Aboriginal people know what is best for them and can effectively initiate, organise and deliver their own culturally appropriate training programs.

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Winch, Scott, Nageen Ahmed, Christopher Rissel, Michelle Maxwell, Joanna Coutts, and Kerri Lucas. "The reach and flow of health information in two Aboriginal communities: a social network analysis." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 2 (2017): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16024.

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The aim of the present paper was to explore how social networks enable dissemination of health information within two Aboriginal communities in New South Wales. The study design was modelled on a social network analysis socio-centric model. Data collection was conducted primarily by Aboriginal community members who were trained as community researchers. Participants reported on their patterns of interaction and who they provided or received health information from, and awareness of the Aboriginal Enhancement of the Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service. In total, 122 participants across two sites participated in the study. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) were cited as the main provider of health information in both sites. Between-ness, degree and closeness centrality showed that certain community members, ACCHS and ACCHO within the two communities in the present study were considerable enablers [actors] in enhancing the reach and flow of health information to their respective Aboriginal community. There is potential for future health-promotion activities to be increasingly targeted and effective in terms of reach and influence, if guided by local Aboriginal organisations and by key Aboriginal community members within and across family networks and communities.

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Barber, J. G., P. H. Delfabbro, and L. Cooper. "Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in out-of-home care." Children Australia 25, no. 3 (2000): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009743.

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A full year’s intake of 38 Aboriginal children and 198 non-Aboriginal children referred for a new out-of-home placement in South Australia were studied as part of the first phase of a 3-year longitudinal study into the outcomes of alternative care. The baseline profile of this cohort revealed a number of significant racial and geographical differences between the children. Among the most important of these was an interaction between race and geographical location on length of time in care which indicated that Aboriginal children from metropolitan areas and non-Aboriginal children from rural areas had the longest histories of alternative care. In addition, Aboriginal children in metropolitan areas were the least likely to be referred into care for reasons of emotional abuse or neglect, no doubt because so many of them were already in alternative care at the time of the referral. Metropolitan Aboriginal children were also the unhealthiest and, together with rural non-Aborigines, the most likely to be under a court order at the time of placement. Overall, results are consistent with the proposition that metropolitan Aboriginal children and rural non-Aboriginal children are the most reliant on the formal alternative care system.

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Kariminia, Azar, Tony Butler, and Michael Levy. "Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health differentials in Australian prisoners." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 31, no. 4 (August 2007): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00089.x.

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Wright, Michael, Aunty Getta, Aunty Green, Uncle Kickett, Aunty Kickett, Aunty McNamara, Uncle McNamara, et al. "Co-Designing Health Service Evaluation Tools That Foreground First Nation Worldviews for Better Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 8555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168555.

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It is critical that health service evaluation frameworks include Aboriginal people and their cultural worldviews from design to implementation. During a large participatory action research study, Elders, service leaders and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers co-designed evaluation tools to test the efficacy of a previously co-designed engagement framework. Through a series of co-design workshops, tools were built using innovative collaborative processes that foregrounded Aboriginal worldviews. The workshops resulted in the development of a three-way survey that records the service experiences related to cultural safety from the perspective of Aboriginal clients, their carer/s, and the service staff with whom they work. The surveys centralise the role of relationships in client-service interactions, which strongly reflect their design from an Aboriginal worldview. This paper provides new insights into the reciprocal benefits of engaging community Elders and service leaders to work together to develop new and more meaningful ways of servicing Aboriginal families. Foregrounding relationships in service evaluations reinstates the value of human connection and people-centred engagement in service delivery which are central to rebuilding historically fractured relationships between mainstream services and Aboriginal communities. This benefits not only Aboriginal communities, but also other marginalised populations expanding the remit of mainstream services to be accessed by many.

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Wilson, Kathi, and Nicolette Cardwell. "Urban Aboriginal health: Examining inequalities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Canada." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 56, no. 1 (March 2012): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2011.00397.x.

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Rock, Daniel Joseph, and Joachim Franz Hallmayer. "The Seasonal Risk for Deliberate Self-Harm." Crisis 29, no. 4 (July 2008): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.191.

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Groups at seasonal risk for deliberate self-harm (DSH) vary according to their geographic location. It is unknown, however, if seasonal risk factors for DSH are associated with place of birth or place of residence as these are confounded in all studies to date. In order to disaggregate place of birth from place of residence we examined general and seasonal risk factors for DSH in three different population birth groups living in Western Australia: Australian Aborigines, Australian born non-Aborigines, and UK migrants. We found Aborigines are at much higher general risk for DSH than non-Aborigines, but are not at seasonal risk, whereas non-Aboriginal Australians and UK migrants are. For UK migrants, this is only found for females. For all groups at seasonal risk this peaks during the austral (southern hemisphere) spring/summer. Furthermore, non-Aboriginal Australians and UK migrants show a consistent pattern of increased case fatality with increasing age. In contrast, case fatality does not increase with age among Australian Aborigines. Overall, despite living in the same environment, the three birth groups show different patterns of seasonal risk for DSH. In particular, the sex difference found between UK migrants and non-Aboriginal Australian birth groups suggests that predisposition toward seasonal risk for DSH is established early in life, but when present this is expressed according to local conditions.

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Janca, A., and Z. Lyons. "Assessing mental health in Aboriginal youth." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.375.

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Introduction The assessment of social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) among Aboriginal people in Australia and elsewhere is complex and challenging task. A culturally appropriate tool for screening SEWB among Aboriginal adults known as the Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment (HANAA) has been developed and evaluated. The HANAA is based on exploring key domains of Aboriginal concept of SEWB and is based on a yarning process aimed to initiate a semi-structured interview that covers each domain. Over the last ten years the HANAA has been widely used by Aboriginal mental health service providers around Australia and elsewhere. Objectives There have been multiple requests by service providers for a similar tool to be developed for young Aboriginal people. The aim of this study was to develop a youth version of the HANAA. Methods A Working Group was established to guide the development of the youth HANAA. This work included discussion of assessment domains, prompt words and other adolescent specific considerations that were needed. The evlauation process was also discussed. Results The adult version of HANAA was well accepted by participants. Reliability was good with kappa agreements between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal interviewers ranging from 0.5 to 1.0. Agreement between interviewers and treating clinicians on ecommended course of action was good. Conclusions Based on the previous field test results, it is expected that the youth HANAA will also be a culturally appropriate and useful tool which can be used by a range of service providers with differing levels of mental health training to assess SEWB among young Aboriginal people. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Gwynne, Kylie, and Michelle Lincoln. "Developing the rural health workforce to improve Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health outcomes: a systematic review." Australian Health Review 41, no. 2 (2017): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15241.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to identify evidence-based strategies in the literature for developing and maintaining a skilled and qualified rural and remote health workforce in Australia to better meet the health care needs of Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) people. Methods A systematic search strategy was implemented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and checklist. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied, and 26 papers were included in the study. These 26 papers were critically evaluated and analysed for common findings about the rural health workforce providing services for Aboriginal people. Results There were four key findings of the study: (1) the experience of Aboriginal people in the health workforce affects their engagement with education, training and employment; (2) particular factors affect the effectiveness and longevity of the non-Aboriginal workforce working in Aboriginal health; (3) attitudes and behaviours of the workforce have a direct effect on service delivery design and models in Aboriginal health; and (4) student placements affect the likelihood of applying for rural and remote health jobs in Aboriginal communities after graduation. Each finding has associated evidence-based strategies including those to promote the engagement and retention of Aboriginal staff; training and support for non-Aboriginal health workers; effective service design; and support strategies for effective student placement. Conclusions Strategies are evidenced in the peer-reviewed literature to improve the rural and remote workforce for health delivery for Australian Aboriginal people and should be considered by policy makers, funders and program managers. What is known about the topic? There is a significant amount of peer-reviewed literature about the recruitment and retention of the rural and remote health workforce. What does this paper add? There is a gap in the literature about strategies to improve recruitment and retention of the rural and remote health workforce for health delivery for Australian Aboriginal people. This paper provides evidence-based strategies in four key areas. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the present study are relevant for policy makers, funders and program managers in rural and remote Aboriginal health.

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Butler, Tony, Stephen Allnutt, Azar Kariminia, and David Cain. "Mental Health Status of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Australian Prisoners." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 5 (May 2007): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701261210.

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Objective: To compare the mental health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners in New South Wales. Methods: The sample consisted of a cross-sectional random sample of sentenced prisoners, and a consecutive sample of reception prisoners. The sample was drawn from 29 correctional centres (27 male, two female) across New South Wales. Overall, 1208 men (226 Aboriginal), and 262 women (51 Aboriginal) participated in the study. Mental illness was detected using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-A) and a number of other screening measures incorporated into the programme. Results: No differences were detected in mental illness between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men, apart from depression, which was lower in the latter group. Aboriginal woman were more likely than non-Aboriginal women to screen positive for symptoms of psychosis in the prior 12 months and have a higher 1 month and 12 month prevalence of affective disorder; they also had higher psychological distress scores. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were the same in both groups. Conclusions: These findings confirm that the demand for mental health services in prisons is considerable, and that Aboriginal women are one of the most vulnerable groups. Services and programmes providing an alternative to incarceration are needed, as are culturally sensitive approaches to treatment.

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Ferdinand, Angeline S., Yin Paradies, Ryan Perry, and Margaret Kelaher. "Aboriginal health promotion through addressing employment discrimination." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 4 (2014): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14035.

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The Localities Embracing and Accepting Diversity (LEAD) program aimed to improve the mental health of Aboriginal Victorians by addressing racial discrimination and facilitating social and economic participation. As part of LEAD, Whittlesea Council adopted the Aboriginal Employment Pathways Strategy (AEPS) to increase Aboriginal employment and retention within the organisation. The Aboriginal Cultural Awareness Training Program was developed to build internal cultural competency and skills in recruiting and retaining Aboriginal staff. Analysis of surveys conducted before (pre; n = 124) and after (post; n = 107) the training program indicated a significant increase in participant understanding across all program objectives and in support of organisational policies to improve Aboriginal recruitment and retention. Participants ended the training with concrete ideas about intended changes, as well as how these changes could be supported by their supervisors and the wider organisation. Significant resources have since been allocated to implementing the AEPS over 5 years. In line with principles underpinning the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013–23, particularly the focus on addressing racism as a determinant of health, this paper explores the AEPS and training program as promising approaches to health promotion through addressing barriers to Aboriginal employment. Possible implications for other large organisations are also considered.

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Hunter, Ernest M. "On Gordian Knots and Nooses: Aboriginal Suicide in the Kimberley." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (September 1988): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161207.

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Aboriginal suicide has become an issue receiving national attention because of the association with “deaths in custody”. To date little systematic work has been directed to the investigation of suicide among a non-incarcerated Aboriginal population. This paper focuses on deaths by suicide within one geographical area. It identifies two factors, alcoholism and disruption of interpersonal attachments, which may play a causal role in male Aboriginal suicide. The sudden emergence of suicide in this partial descent population, in concert with suicides among incarcerated and non-incarcerated Aborigines elsewhere, suggests that socio-historical forces must be examined to further clarify the phenomenon.

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Martin-Kerry, Jacqueline M., Martin Whelan, John Rogers, Anil Raichur, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Addressing disparities in oral disease in Aboriginal people in Victoria: where to focus preventive programs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18100.

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The aim of this study is to determine where Aboriginal people living in Victoria attend public oral health services; whether they access Aboriginal-specific or mainstream services; and the gap between dental caries (tooth decay) experience in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. Analysis was undertaken on routinely collected clinical data for Aboriginal patients attending Victorian public oral health services and the distribution of Aboriginal population across Victoria. Approximately 27% of Aboriginal people attended public oral health services in Victoria across a 2-year period, with approximately one in five of those accessing care at Aboriginal-specific clinics. In regional Victoria, 6-year-old Aboriginal children had significantly higher levels of dental caries than 6-year-old non-Aboriginal children. There was no significant difference in other age groups. This study is the first to report where Aboriginal people access public oral health care in Victoria and the disparity in disease between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal users of the Victorian public oral healthcare system. Aboriginal people largely accessed mainstream public oral healthcare clinics highlighting the importance for culturally appropriate services and prevention programs to be provided across the entire public oral healthcare system. The findings will guide development of policy and models of care aimed at improving the oral health of Aboriginal people living in Victoria.

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Mooney, Gavin, and Barbara Henry. "Funding Aboriginal primary health care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 3 (2004): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04046.

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This paper provides an estimate of what should be spent on Aboriginal primary health care (PHC). Beyond that, it examines how such funding might best be allocated between on the one hand, programs, and on the other what might be broadly called ?investment in infrastructure?. The addressing of needs arising from a holistic Aboriginal construct of health is discussed. The paper adopts a definition of equity as equal access for equal need, but with three departures from how this is normally expressed (1) the use of ?capacity to benefit? as the basis of need - as opposed to the more conventional ?sickness-based? need (2) the weighting of capacity to benefit to reflect relative disadvantage and (3) the incorporation of the concept of MESH (Management Economic Social and Human) infrastructure to recognise that not all communities are equally well placed to use funds to allow them to realise their capacity to benefit. To arrive at a composite figure for the ratios of funding for Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal PHC, three ratios (2.9 for relative need as capacity to benefit, 1.2 for vertical equity, and 1.5 for cultural security) are multiplied together. This gives an overall factor of over 5 as the minimum ratio of funding per capita for Aboriginal PHC compared to non-Aboriginal PHC. The paper also discusses certain aspects of how to use the funds and what research is needed to allow estimates of funding requirements to be improved.

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Lynne Johnstone, P. "Aboriginal health: A discussion ofsome current issues." Australian Health Review 19, no. 4 (1996): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah960043.

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This paper explores some health status differences between the Aboriginal and totalAustralian populations, and investigates trends in Aboriginal mortality and morbiditywithin the context of some of the socioeconomic, lifestyle and environmentalinfluences. It identifies that Aboriginal people continue to suffer from a number ofhealth problems at significantly higher rates than the rest of the population, anddiscusses some of the effects of early fertility and alcohol misuse on health status.Drawing on some findings of the 1994 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderSurvey, the paper concludes with the proposition that it is impossible to consider theeconomic implications of sub-standard Aboriginal health without also considering thesocial issues, and that programs aimed at improving this situation must be demand-driven,economically responsible responses to identified problems in specific regions.

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FISHER, MATTHEW, SAMANTHA BATTAMS, DENNIS MCDERMOTT, FRAN BAUM, and COLIN MACDOUGALL. "How the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health became Policy Reality for Australia's National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan." Journal of Social Policy 48, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000338.

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AbstractThe paper analyses the policy process which enabled the successful adoption of Australia's National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013–2023 (NATSIHP), which is grounded in an understanding of the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health (SDIH). Ten interviews were conducted with key policy actors directly involved in its development. The theories we used to analyse qualitative data were the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Multiple Streams Approach, policy framing and critical constructionism. We used a complementary approach to policy analysis. The NATSIHP acknowledges the importance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter, Aboriginal) culture and the health effects of racism, and explicitly adopts a human-rights-based approach. This was enabled by a coalition campaigning to ‘Close the Gap’ (CTG) in health status between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. The CTG campaign, and key Aboriginal health networks associated with it, operated as an effective advocacy coalition, and policy entrepreneurs emerged to lead the policy agenda. Thus, Aboriginal health networks were able to successfully contest conventional problem conceptions and policy framings offered by government policy actors and drive a paradigm shift for Aboriginal health to place SDIH at the centre of the NATSIHP policy. Implications of this research for policy theory and for other policy environments are considered along with suggestions for future research.

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Golds, Mavis, Richard King, Beryl Meiklejohn, Sonya Campion, and Marilyn Wise. "Healthy Aboriginal communities." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21, no. 4 (August 1997): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1997.tb01719.x.

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Gould, Gillian Sandra, Simon Chiu, Christopher Oldmeadow, Yael Bar-Zeev, and Michelle Bovill. "Pregnant Aboriginal women self-assess health risks from smoking and efficacy to quit over time using an adapted Risk Behaviour Diagnosis (RBD) Scale." Journal of Smoking Cessation 15, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2020.27.

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AbstractIntroductionDuring pregnancy, the imperative to stop smoking becomes urgent due to health risks for mother and baby.AimExplore responses to a smoking-related, pregnancy-focused Risk Behaviour Diagnosis (RBD) Scale over time with Aboriginal1 pregnant women.MethodsSix Aboriginal Medical Services in three states recruited 22 eligible women: ⩽28 weeks' gestation, ⩾16 years old, smoked tobacco, pregnant with an Aboriginal baby. Surveys were completed at baseline (n = 22), 4-weeks (n = 16) and 12-weeks (n = 17). RBD Scale outcome measures included: perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), perceived efficacy (response and self-efficacy), fear control (avoidance), danger control (intentions to quit) and protection responses (protecting babies).ResultsAt baseline, the total mean threat scores at 4.2 (95% CI: 3.9–4.4) were higher than total mean efficacy scores at 3.9 (95% CI: 3.6–4.1). Over time there was a non-significant reduction in total mean threat and efficacy; fear control increased; danger control and protection responses remained stable. Reduction of threat and efficacy perceptions, with raised fear control responses, may indicate a blunting effect (a coping style which involves avoidance of risks).ConclusionIn 22 Aboriginal pregnant women, risk perception changed over time. A larger study is warranted to understand how Aboriginal women perceive smoking risks as the pregnancy progresses so that health messages are delivered accordingly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aboriginal health'

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