Journal articles: 'Aboriginal Australians Child welfare'

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Collingwood-Whittick, Sheila. "Settler Colonial Biopolitics and Indigenous Resistance: The Refusal of Australia's First Peoples “to fade away or assimilate or just die”." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 42, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.42.2.collingwood-whittick.

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During the first century of Australia's colonization, settler thanatopolitics meant both casual killing of individual Natives and organized massacres of Aboriginal clans. From the mid-nineteenth century, however, Aboriginal Protection Boards sought to disappear their charges by more covert means. Thus, biopolitics of biological absorption, cultural assimilation, and child removal, designed to bring about the destruction of Aboriginal peoples, came to be represented as being in the victims' best interests. Even today, coercive assimilation is framed in the now-threadbare terms of welfare discourse. Yet, Australia's Indigenous peoples have survived the genocidal practices of the frontier era and continue to resist the relentless succession of normative policies deployed to eradicate their “recalcitrant” lifeways. This essay presents a brief historical overview of settler Australia's biopolitics and analyzes the sociocultural factors enabling Aboriginal Australians both to survive the devastating impact of settler biopower and to resist the siren call of assimilationist rhetoric. Drawing on Kim Scott's Benang and Alexis Wright's Plains of Promise, I discuss how that resistance is reflected in contemporary Indigenous life-writing and fiction.

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Kee, Margaret Ah, and Clare Tilbury. "The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle is about self determination." Children Australia 24, no. 3 (1999): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009196.

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The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle has been the policy guiding the placement of indigenous children in most Australian child protection jurisdictions for around fifteen years. The Principle requires the involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community representatives in decision making concerning indigenous children, and ensuring that alternative care placements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander careproviders.Most Jurisdictions still have a significant number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children placed with non-indigenous careproviders, and community based Aboriginal and Islander child care agencies continue to express dissatisfaction about the nature and level of consultation which occurs when welfare departments are taking action to protect indigenous children.This paper, which was presented at the IFCO conference in Melbourne in July 1999, examines why there has been such limited improvement in Child Placement Principle outcomes. Work undertaken in Queensland to address the over representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the child protection system will be outlined from both a departmental and community perspective. The paper argues that if strategies for addressing these issues are not located within a framework of self determination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, then they will not work.

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Oates, Fiona, and Kaylene Malthouse. "Working for the Welfare: Support and Supervision Needs of Indigenous Australian Child Protection Practitioners." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080277.

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are disproportionately represented in all parts of the child protection system in Australia. The recruitment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander practitioners into child protection systems to work with Indigenous families at risk underpins the government strategy to reduce this over-representation. However, little is known about the experiences of Indigenous people who undertake child protection work or what their support and supervision needs may be. This research is centered on Indigenous Australian child protection practitioners as experts in their own experiences and as such includes large excerpts of their own narratives throughout. Practitioner narratives were collected via qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews. Critical theory and decolonising frameworks underpinned the research design. The study found that Indigenous child protection practitioners have a unique place in the families, communities and profession. Many viewed their work in the child protection field as an extension of their Indigeneity. This coupled with the historical experience of state-sanctioned removal of Indigenous children during colonisation and contemporarily, informs the need for child protection workplaces to re-think the support and supervision afforded to Indigenous practitioners.

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Mitchell, Brian. "New Directions for Family Support and Service in Child Welfare." Children Australia 15, no. 3 (1990): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002960.

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The past 30 years has seen the Australian community undergo significant structural and qualitative changes bringing prosperity and unprecedented standards of living to most citizens. But for some people these changes have left them behind and today their plight has reached scandalous proportions such that the nation's sense of social justice is in question.Today we are only too well aware of the statistics on poverty, homelessness, child abuse and neglect, drug abuse and community violence. Thirty years ago we would not have thought it possible that sectors of the Australian community, apart from Aboriginal communities, would have such a growing sense of hopelessness and isolation from the mainstream of Australian life.These difficulties are now pressing upon child welfare services and at a time of expenditure neutrality of the public welfare dollar. More and more as the costs of the welfare state approach crisis point, government and the community in general are being forced to turn to the resources of the family to find solutions to problems of social and personal need. In child welfare the notion of turning to the family and seeking resources or building upon inherent strengths is a new direction requiring a new understanding, knowledge and skills.

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Roper, Lucinda, Vincent Yaofeng He, Oscar Perez-Concha, and Steven Guthridge. "Complex early childhood experiences: Characteristics of Northern Territory children across health, education and child protection data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): e0280648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280648.

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Early identification of vulnerable children to protect them from harm and support them in achieving their long-term potential is a community priority. This is particularly important in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, where Aboriginal children are about 40% of all children, and for whom the trauma and disadvantage experienced by Aboriginal Australians has ongoing intergenerational impacts. Given that shared social determinants influence child outcomes across the domains of health, education and welfare, there is growing interest in collaborative interventions that simultaneously respond to outcomes in all domains. There is increasing recognition that many children receive services from multiple NT government agencies, however there is limited understanding of the pattern and scale of overlap of these services. In this paper, NT health, education, child protection and perinatal datasets have been linked for the first time. The records of 8,267 children born in the NT in 2006–2009 were analysed using a person-centred analytic approach. Unsupervised machine learning techniques were used to discover clusters of NT children who experience different patterns of risk. Modelling revealed four or five distinct clusters including a cluster of children who are predominantly ill and experience some neglect, a cluster who predominantly experience abuse and a cluster who predominantly experience neglect. These three, high risk clusters all have low school attendance and together comprise 10–15% of the population. There is a large group of thriving children, with low health needs, high school attendance and low CPS contact. Finally, an unexpected cluster is a modestly sized group of non-attendees, mostly Aboriginal children, who have low school attendance but are otherwise thriving. The high risk groups experience vulnerability in all three domains of health, education and child protection, supporting the need for a flexible, rather than strictly differentiated response. Interagency cooperation would be valuable to provide a suitably collective and coordinated response for the most vulnerable children.

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Menzies, Karen. "Understanding the Australian Aboriginal experience of collective, historical and intergenerational trauma." International Social Work 62, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 1522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872819870585.

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This article provides a summary of the evolving definition of trauma, including different forms of trauma and its impact on the health, behaviours and well-being of individuals and communities. Specifically, it discusses collective, historical and intergenerational trauma and the value of these concepts in understanding the health and social challenges we see within colonized Indigenous communities, particularly within Australian Aboriginal communities. The article argues that the current approach to addressing challenges within Australian Indigenous communities will have limited impact unless accompanied by a significant focus on understanding and addressing the level of trauma that permeates these communities. Programmes and initiatives that focus on reducing the rates of certain variables, such as rates of infant mortality, rates of incarceration or rates of school completion, are very important but are only treating symptoms unless the underlying trauma is addressed. Due to the ongoing devastation caused by many years of forced child removal, this is especially important for health, legal and welfare practitioners within the child protection system and the social work field if we are to break the cycles of family and cultural disruption.

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Bath, Howard. "Out-of-home care in Australia: A State by State comparison." Children Australia 19, no. 4 (1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004168.

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All Australian statutory child welfare agencies collect and report data on children under their supervision, but it is not always clear from this data how many children are actually placed in out-of-home care. This paper reports on a survey of the eight state and territory statutory agencies which focused on comparative placement rates, the usage of the two major types of out-of-home care, and placement patterns for Aboriginal/TSI children. Comparisons are drawn with the USA and a number of European countries.

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Bamblett, Muriel, and Peter Lewis. "Detoxifying the Child and Family Welfare System for Australian Indigenous Peoples: Self-determination, Rights and Culture as the Critical Tools." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069396ar.

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The toxic environment that is colonized Australia has broken many of the traditional circles of care for Indigenous children and created a service system which waits for Indigenous families to become dysfunctional before there is any response. The Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA) encourages an approach to Indigenous children and families which is culturally respectful, culturally appropriate and framed according to the need to respect self-determination and human rights. VACCA has developed early childhood and family welfare policies which identify how cultural-strengthening works as a preventative measure to address risk factors for Indigenous children. With the ongoing reforms to Child and Family Welfare arising from the Children, Youth and Families Act, the Victoria State Government in Australia has an historic opportunity to lead the nation in creating an Indigenous-led child and family service system which focuses on issues of prevention and early intervention. The new Act prioritizes cultural and community connection in the best interest principles for Indigenous children, recognizes self-determination and requires generalist children’s welfare services to be culturally competent. The only way to ensure that every Indigenous child is effectively cared for is by developing the capacity of Indigenous communities to look after their own by strengthening Indigenous organizations and agencies. It is Indigenous agencies who are best placed to deliver innovative programs which are culturally embedded and carefully targeted to restore the circles of care for Indigenous kids. Aculturally competent service system is what is needed to ensure better outcomes for Indigenous children.

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Laugharne, Jonathan. "Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 6 (June 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.6.364.

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When the Australian Governor General, Sir William Deane, referred in a speech in 1996 to the “appalling problems relating to Aboriginal health” he was not exaggerating. The Australia Bureau of Statistics report on The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than non-Aboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal Australians. Death rates from infectious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals – and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded.

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10

Peacock, Lyn. "Absenteeism and the Aboriginal Child." Aboriginal Child at School 21, no. 1 (March 1993): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200005526.

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This paper is written with the intention of educating those Teachers who may at some stage of their career come into contact with Aboriginal children and their unique and complex learning style, as Sherwood (1982, p.41) states, “most student teachers, as well as practising teachers have no real preparation for teaching Aboriginal pupils or for teaching about Aboriginal Australians”.

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Wellington, David. "Aboriginal Students and Social Justice." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 20, no. 5 (November 1992): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200005484.

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Social justice has emerged over the past decade to ensure that all Australians have the opportunity to participate fully and effectively in creating and sharing the nation's resources. The South Australian Social Justice Strategy Unit (1989, p.7), suggests that “a sense of social justice fair and equal treatment is built into the Australian character”. Social justice can be applied to all aspects of the Australian society. Health, welfare and education, to name a few.

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Emden, Carolyn, Inge Kowanko, Charlotte de Crespigny, and Helen Murray. "Better medication management for Indigenous Australians: findings from the field." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 1 (2005): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05011.

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This paper reports findings from interviews and focus groups conducted within a multi-dimensional action research project concerning medication management among Indigenous Australians. Participants were Aboriginal people with mental health problems, carers and family members, and health and social service workers from different regions in South Australia. A meta-analysis of findings from each regional project component was conducted, and major themes conceptualised and developed into a coherent summary. The findings revealed problems of a magnitude not previously realised - mental health problems (including alcohol and drug problems) and medication management among Aboriginal people clearly are major issues requiring immediate and sustained attention if the health and welfare of the Australian Indigenous population are to be improved. Findings concerned eight major areas: social and emotional wellbeing issues; stressors on Aboriginal health services and providers; training for the Aboriginal health workforce; mainstream health services for Aboriginal people; trust and confidentiality within Aboriginal health services; English language literacy and numeracy skills of Aboriginal clients; remote living arrangements for many Aboriginal people; problems with alcohol use; and institutionalised and individual racism in the community at large.

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Soldatic, Karen, Kelly Somers, Kim Spurway, and Georgia van Toorn. "Emplacing Indigeneity and rurality in neoliberal disability welfare reform: The lived experience of Aboriginal people with disabilities in the West Kimberley, Australia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 10 (July 7, 2017): 2342–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17718374.

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This article maps the impact of neoliberal restructuring of disability services and income support measures on Aboriginal people with disabilities living in rural areas of the West Kimberley in Australia. The international literature has extensively documented disability and Indigenous neoliberal welfare retraction measures, though as discrete areas of research. We aim to emplace the intersectional experience of such reforms by exposing their unique and qualitatively different dynamics and processes of disablement and Indigenous dispossession in the lived experiences of Aboriginal Australians with disabilities in rural Australia. Interviews conducted with Aboriginal people with disabilities living in the West Kimberley revealed the impact of neoliberal policies of retracting disability supports and rationalising services. The effects were felt in terms of people’s mobility, autonomy and economic security, with chronic, and at times crisis, levels of socio-economic insecurity experienced. Neoliberal spatial structures have led to further peripheralisation of rural and remote populations and a resulting increase in levels of inequality, deprivation and marginalisation for Aboriginal Australians with disabilities, who endure and survive by navigating these disabling spaces.

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Barber, Judith Anne. "‘Concerning our national honour’: Florence Nightingale and the Welfare of Aboriginal Australians." Collegian 6, no. 1 (January 1999): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60314-5.

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15

Kukuruzovic, R. H., A. Haase, K. Dunn, A. Bright, and D. R. Brewster. "Intestinal permeability and diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal Australians." Archives of Disease in Childhood 81, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.81.4.304.

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16

Soldatic, Karen. "Policy Mobilities of Exclusion: Implications of Australian Disability Pension Retraction for Indigenous Australians." Social Policy and Society 17, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000355.

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There is growing concern surrounding the retraction of disability social provisioning measures across the western world, with state fiscal policy trends foregrounding austerity as a central principle of welfare provisioning. This is occurring within many of the nation-states that have ratified and legislated rights enshrined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). This article undertakes a critical analysis of disability income retraction in Australia since the early 2000s and examines these changes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with disability by focusing on Article 20 of the CRPD, the right to personal mobility, a core right for people with disabilities and Indigenous peoples. Beyond economic inequality, the article illustrates that the various administrative processes attached to welfare retraction have implications for the realisation of mobility practices that are critical for individual cultural identity and wellbeing. Disability austerity has resulted in a new form of Indigenous containment, fixing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disabilities in a cyclical motion of poverty management.

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Smith, Diane. "Indigenous Australian Households and the ‘Gammon’ Economy: Applied Anthropological Research in the Welfare Policy Arena." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.1340487851682378.

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This article describes applied anthropological research into the nature of Indigenous1 Australians' reliance on welfare income support, in the context of evaluating the suitability and effectiveness of Federal Government welfare policy and service delivery. The paper focuses on Indigenous families and the households in which they reside and includes reference to applied longitudinal research being jointly conducted by the author and a small multi-disciplinary team of anthropologists and economists from the Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR) at the Australian National University, Canberra (see Smith 2000 for a full account of the research project).

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LaFrance, Jean, and Betty Bastien. "Here be dragons! Reconciling Indigenous and Western knowledge to improve Aboriginal child welfare." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069530ar.

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The authors discuss the factors regarding the reconciliation movement in reconciling Indigenous and Western Knowledge to improve child welfare practice with respect to Aboriginal peoples. In particular, a current initiative undertaken in collaboration with various First Nation communities in Alberta involved with the “Making Our Hearts Sing” Initiative is highlighted. This initiative aimed to build on collaboration among child welfare stakeholders and Aboriginal communities to examine issues relating to child welfare that would be more in keeping with traditional Aboriginal worldviews that could, at the same time, contribute to reconciliation, healing and increased community capacity.

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Leung, Eman, Christine Wekerle, Randy Weachter, Julian Egelstaff, and Marlyn Bennett. "Non-Aboriginal Child Protective Service Workers’ Utilization of the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathway Knowledge Translation (MAP-KT) Portal: A Report on the Utilization Statistics and Utilization Gaps of Aboriginal Best-Practice Material." First Peoples Child & Family Review 6, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068872ar.

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Given the unique history and culture of the Aboriginal heritage, research evidence and evidence-based practice guidelines/recommendation derive from the general population are not sufficient in informing the practices of Child Protective Services’ caseworkers who are caring for Aboriginal youth in the child welfare system. Special attention should also be given to best-practice materials developed with special consideration of the Aboriginal context. The current study describes caseworkers’ utilization of Aboriginal child welfare best-practice materials hosted at the MAP-KT portal during its pilot testing period between October 1st 2007 and September 31st 2008. The objective of the current study is to assess the knowledge consumption behavior of caseworkers who were not employed by Aboriginal child protective agency but nonetheless had Aboriginal Child Welfare youth under they care. The MAP-KT portal is a web-based knowledge tool that brings to the point of practice (of CPS caseworker) child welfare knowledge distilled through the ‘knowledge filter” of the Knowledge to Action framework. Given the proportion of Aboriginal youth under the care of participating agencies, the utilization statistics of Aboriginal content hosted on the MAP-KT portal indicated that they might be under-utilized compared to other content areas. According to the Knowledge to Action framework, a number of ways to improve utilization have been proposed. Future research may focus on adapting the MAP-KT portal to user knowledge preferences on format, content and linkage to frequently utilized sites, as well as tailored marketing to users in First Nations child welfare services and those who provide services to children with First Peoples’ heritage.

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Bennett, Marlyn, Leslie Spillett, and Catherine Dunn. "Jumping through hoops: An overview of the experiences and perspectives of Aboriginal mothers involved with child welfare in Manitoba." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068866ar.

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This article provides an overview of the experiences of Aboriginal mothers involved with child welfare in Manitoba. Jumping through hoops was a prominent perspective evident in stories and reflections that Aboriginal mothers shared about their experiences with child welfare and legal systems. The research drew upon interviews and talking circles conducted with Aboriginal women, and included interviews conducted with community advocates and lawyers in the spring and summer of 2007.

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Kreitzer, Linda, and Jean Lafrance. "Co-location of a Government Child Welfare Unit in a Traditional Aboriginal Agency: A Way Forward in Working in Aboriginal Communities." First Peoples Child & Family Review 5, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068929ar.

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This article describes the learning that took place in the context of a provincial family enhancement unit within an Aboriginal child welfare agency. Many benefits were identified for the workers, the families, and the relationship to the community. Most notable were the positive effects on non-Aboriginal government staff who were immersed in a more traditional Aboriginal agency. Key learnings include the importance of relationship in child welfare practice, the desire of child welfare workers for greater creativity in their responses to children and families and the need for more supportive leadership in the creation of the conditions necessary for this to happen. Recommendations are made to provincial officials to assist in the creation of such an environment.

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Bennett, Marlyn. "Ensuring Knowledge Transmission in the Aboriginal Child Welfare Field." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069522ar.

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Rice-Green, Jacquie, and Gary C. Dumbrill. "A Child Welfare Course for Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Students: Pedagogical and Technical Challenges." Journal of Technology in Human Services 23, no. 3-4 (August 4, 2005): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j017v23n03_01.

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Sinclair, Raven, and Jana Grekul. "Aboriginal Youth Gangs in Canada: (de)constructing an epidemic." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068862ar.

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The literature on gang activity in Canada indicates a proliferation of Aboriginal youth gangs, and the research tells us that child welfare involvement is a significant risk factor for gang participation. This article examines the child welfare and youth gang literature, and analyzes the complex interaction of structural factors facing Aboriginal youth in Canada in order to contextualize youth gang involvement within the larger system of social distress facing Aboriginal people. This paper scrutinizes the veracity of youth gang statistics and interrogates the Aboriginal youth gang discourse to discover that, although a problem clearly exists, the scope and substance of the situation in Canada needs to be more thoroughly researched in order to be accurately portrayed.

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Ordolis, Emilia. "A Story of their own: Adolescent Pregnancy and Child Welfare in Aboriginal Communities." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069372ar.

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The phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy and its relationship to child welfare in Aboriginal communities provides a useful lens through which to understand fundamental and structural problems with the current child welfare system in Canada. The following paper will examine the relationship between adolescent pregnancy and child welfare, investigate concerns with the current child welfare system, and look to the Convention on the Rights of the Child as a framework for conceptualizing alternative approaches.

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Spencer, Rochelle, Martin Brueckner, Gareth Wise, and Bundak Marika. "Capacity development and Indigenous social enterprise: The case of the Rirratjingu clan in northeast Arnhem Land." Journal of Management & Organization 23, no. 6 (November 2017): 839–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.74.

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AbstractWith the widespread shift from models of welfare to business-led development, capacity development offers a useful lens from which to consider the emergence of Indigenous social enterprise as a business-led development approach. We explore capacity development from the international development literature and identify capacity development principles in the context of an Indigenous social enterprise in remote northeast Arnhem Land. Here, Aboriginal Australians continue to experience poverty and marginalisation. This paper provides an ethnographic example of the relationship between Indigenous social enterprise and capacity development. Identifying principles of capacity development in this rich context reveals the remit of the Indigenous social enterprise privileges environmental stewardship and cultural maintenance.

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Rousseau, Jane. "The elusive promise of reconciliation in British Columbia child welfare: Aboriginal perspectives and wisdom from within the BC Ministry of Children and Family Development." First Peoples Child & Family Review 10, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1077261ar.

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This article considers the unique challenge for Aboriginal professionals working in a government child welfare system responsible for the oppression of Aboriginal children, families and communities. A non-Aboriginal organizational insider researcher uses an Indigenous/ethnographic approach to explore these issues with Aboriginal professionals within the British Columbia Ministry of Children and Family Development (MCFD). This study involves a dual focus that examines the history, identity, values, motivations, and practice approaches of Aboriginal professionals as well as how organizational structural and environment variables support or impede their efforts toward critically needed improvements to child welfare services for Aboriginal children, youth, families and communities. Analysis of these two areas results in significant findings for the organization and its perceived inability to achieve progress with transforming service delivery for Aboriginal peoples. The findings contribute to better understanding of factors that impede Aboriginal professionals from achieving improved practice and outcomes. Organizational variables, such as low Aboriginal practice support, racism, cultural incompetence, hierarchical structure and decision making, risk-averse practice norms, poorly implemented or rhetorical change initiatives, and institutional physical environments impede the ability of Aboriginal professionals. However, significant mitigating factors were found to help, such as meaningful organizational support at the worksite level provided through dedicated culturally competent Aboriginal management and practice teams.

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Pooyak, Sherri, and Yvonne Gomez. "Using a Narrative Approach to Understanding the Frontline Practices and Experiences of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Child Protection Workers." First Peoples Child & Family Review 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069326ar.

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This article reflects on the use of narrative analysis in understanding the experiences of two women, one Aboriginal and the other non-Aboriginal, each practicing in child welfare environments opposite of their cultural identities and worldviews.

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Radke, Amelia, and Heather Douglas. "Indigenous Australians, Specialist Courts, and The Intergenerational Impacts of Child Removal in The Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02802005.

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Murri Courts are a specialist criminal law practice that includes Elders and respected persons of the local Community Justice Group in the sentencing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two southeast Queensland Murri Courts, this article explores the impact of State ordered out-of-home care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants and their children. We show how Community Justice Groups and specialist courts help to address the intergenerational impacts of child protection interventions. The rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to enjoy, maintain, control, protect and develop their kinship ties is recognised under the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) and international human rights treaties. We suggest that policymakers and legislators should better recognise and support Community Justice Groups and specialist courts as they provide an important avenue for implementing the rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to recover and maintain their kinship ties.

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McCaffrey, Shanne. "Kookum Knew ... Exploring Historical Contexts: Aboriginal People, the Justice System, and Child Welfare." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 1, no. 3/4 (July 30, 2010): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs13/420102090.

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This paper concerns the inclusion of a “Gladue Report” in Aboriginal child welfare cases in Canada. A Gladue Report is named after a criminal trial in Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, involving a Cree/Métis woman, Jamie Gladue. During the trial, the defence referred the court to Section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code that allows a judge to take into consideration the historical context pertaining to an accused Aboriginal person. This section was added to the Code in 1996 in response to the gross overrepresentation, as a percentage of the Canadian population, of Aboriginal people in the justice system. Using this section as an additional tool of analysis, the judge and the court can consider the unique experiences, context, and circumstances of the Aboriginal person’s life, factors that may have played a role in bringing this person before the court. Providing valuable historical context in the life of a child, family or community, the Gladue Report is quickly evolving into an important assessment tool in criminal sentencing, as well as in child welfare cases. Often, the wisdom keepers – the grandmothers and grandfathers in a community – keep these historical memories and stories. They are proving invaluable in supplying insight, information, and understanding, not only in court cases, but in relating the story of the broader dynamic of human interaction and discourse that has clashed and thundered on this land for the past 300 years.

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Brownlee, Keith, Edward Rawana, Julia MacArthur, and Michelle Probizanski. "The Culture of Strengths Makes Them Feel Valued and Competent: Aboriginal Children, Child Welfare, and a School Strengths Intervention." First Peoples Child & Family Review 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069067ar.

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Schools are an important community partner in providing structural supports and wrap around services for children involved with the child welfare system. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of a culturally sensitive strengths-based intervention approach within an elementary school and its value to Aboriginal children. This article discusses the theoretical foundation of the strengths intervention approach and provides a description of a strength assessment tool as well as the implementation of the intervention with specific relevance to Aboriginal students involved with the child welfare system. Two case studies are presented, which illustrate the value of the strengths approach for individual students.

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Browne, Jennifer, Karen Adams, Petah Atkinson, Deborah Gleeson, and Rick Hayes. "Food and nutrition programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: an overview of systematic reviews." Australian Health Review 42, no. 6 (2018): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17082.

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Objective To provide an overview of previous reviews of programs that aimed to improve nutritional status or diet-related health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, in order to determine what programs are effective and why. Methods A systematic search of databases and relevant websites was undertaken to identify reviews of nutrition interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Pairs of reviewers undertook study selection and data extraction and performed quality assessment using a validated tool. Results Twelve papers reporting 11 reviews were identified. Two reviews were rated high quality, three were rated medium and six were rated low quality. The reviews demonstrated that a positive effect on nutrition and chronic disease indicators can be a result of: 1) incorporating nutrition and breastfeeding advice into maternal and child health care services; and 2) multifaceted community nutrition programs. The evidence suggests that the most important factor determining the success of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander food and nutrition programs is community involvement in (and, ideally, control of) program development and implementation. Conclusions Community-directed food and nutrition programs, especially those with multiple components that address the underlying causes of nutrition issues, can be effective in improving nutrition-related outcomes. What is known about the topic? More effective action is urgently required in order to reduce the unacceptable health inequalities between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians. Food insecurity and nutrition-related chronic conditions are responsible for a large proportion of the ill health experienced by Australia’s First Peoples. What does this paper add? This narrative overview of 11 reviews published between 2005 and 2015 provides a synthesis of the current evidence for improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition across the lifespan. The findings suggest that community-based and community-controlled programs, especially those with multiple components that address the underlying causes of nutrition issues, have the greatest potential to improve nutrition-related health outcomes. What are the implications for practitioners? Food and nutrition programs that are initiated and designed by local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are most likely to be effective. Nutrition and breastfeeding education and advice should be consistently incorporated into maternal and child healthcare services. Nutrition issues should be addressed through multifaceted approaches that address improving individual knowledge and skills, as well as strategies that increase access to nutritious food and provide a healthy food environment.

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Brown, Jason, Dilly Knol, Sonia Prevost-Derbecker, and Kelly Andrushko. "Housing for Aboriginal Youth in the Inner City of Winnipeg." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069464ar.

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Aboriginal families are highly overrepresented in child welfare caseloads. Major reasons for these high rates of involvement include poverty and housing issues, which contribute to perceptions of child neglect. In Winnipeg, the city with the highest proportion of Aboriginal peoples in Canada, low-cost housing is concentrated in core neighbourhoods. Homeless youth in these neighbourhoods, who are involved or have been involved in child welfare, were asked about their life experiences and the kind of housing that would help them. They talked about the need to be seen as resourceful, contributing members of the community, as well as their continued need of support from others, including friends and family. They wanted more than a place to sleep; they wanted a home that was safe, nurturing and long-term. The youth had school and work aspirations for themselves and wanted to help other youth reach their goals. There is a need for expansion of community-based and community-driven housing with youth who have been involved in the child welfare system.

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O'connor, Ian. "Aboriginal child welfare law, policies and practices in queensland: 1865–1989." Australian Social Work 46, no. 3 (September 1993): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124079308411086.

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Waechter, Randall, Eman Leung, Christine Wekerle, and Marlyn Bennett. "Cannabis Use Among Aboriginal Youth in the Non-Aboriginal Child Protection Services System." First Peoples Child & Family Review 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068900ar.

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The social, cultural and political contexts of vulnerability need to be considered in defining, understanding, and reducing substance abuse among maltreated youth with an Aboriginal background (MacNeil, 2008; Tatz, 1999). Aboriginal cultures tend to incorporate an ideology of collectivism that manifests in shared childrearing responsibilities within aboriginal families and communities (e.g., Dilworth-Anderson & Marshall, 1996). As such, Aboriginal children may identify with multiple and equally important attachment figures, and be more accepting of multiple caring adult guardians who can direct them away from risky behaviour (Christensen & Manson, 2001). We examined the relationship between cannabis use and reported identification with a caseworker among youth-identified Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adolescents randomly drawn from the active caseload of a large urban non-Aboriginal Child Protection Services (CPS) system. While an Aboriginal-specific child welfare agency exists in this catchment area, youth need to be identified as Aboriginal to be involved in that system and some youth with Aboriginal heritage inevitably end up in non-Aboriginal CPS agencies. There were no significant differences in rates of maltreatment, trauma symptomatology, or overall cannabis use between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in this study. However, Aboriginal youth who reported a more negative (i.e., low) identification with their caseworker were five times more likely to use cannabis in the past 12 months compared to Aboriginal youth who reported a more positive (i.e., medium-high) identification with their caseworker. These results suggest that having a moderate-to-high positive identification with caseworker may be a protective factor in regard to abstinence from cannabis use among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in the non-Aboriginal CPS system.

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Brend, Denise, Kara Fletcher, and Jennifer Nutton. "With Laura: Attachment and the Healing Potential of Substitute Caregivers within Cross-Cultural Child Welfare Practice." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068840ar.

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Secure attachment has been consistently associated with positive outcomes for children. The complex and intergenerational trauma resulting from colonialism that Aboriginal people in Canada have suffered may threaten the development of secure attachment. Using a case example drawn from social work practice, this paper proposes that Aboriginal children who are insecurely attached and traumatized present particular treatment needs. There is little prior research addressing the treatment needs of insecurely attached Aboriginal children in out-of-home care. Further, in provincial and territorial child welfare agencies Aboriginal children are overwhelmingly in the substitute care of non-Aboriginal caregivers. This paper looks to attachment theory for a treatment approach within these cross-cultural relationships. Attachment theory has shown that the attachment styles of children can be reliably predicted at a rate of 75 percent by looking to those of their caregivers. Additionally, children have been shown to be capable of developing multiple attachment styles in response to the attachment styles of the adults with whom they are in caregiving relationships. Thus, given the stronginfluence of caregiver attachment on the attachment styles of children, it is compelling to look at the potential impact of the attachment styles of substitute caregivers on the children in their care. This paper proposes that in provincial or territorial child welfare it may be necessary to promote substitute caregivers who are securely attached and to acknowledge the context of trauma within which these children and caregivers are striving for well-being.

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Lindstrom, Gabrielle, and Peter Choate. "Nistawatsiman1: Rethinking Assessment of Aboriginal Parents for Child Welfare Following the Truth and Reconciliation Commission." First Peoples Child & Family Review 11, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1082337ar.

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The Truth and Reconciliation Commission report has challenged Canada to alter the relationship with Aboriginal peoples across the country. They have specifically identified child protection as one area that requires a significant reconsideration around how agencies charged with this responsibility interact with Aboriginal people both on and off reserves. The legacy of Residential Schools, the Sixties Scoop and other policies of assimilation and cultural genocide are found in a number of existing social policy and practices, including child protection. This work examines the depth of change that will be needed in child protection methodologies by challenging the current assessment practice which seeks to determine, from a Western child-rearing perspective, if parents are ‘good enough’ to raise their children. The project shows the depth of disparities between present and historical practices and Aboriginal culture, using reference to the Blackfoot Confederacy in southern Alberta. The project draws upon a broad literature review as well as an expert consultation with six traditional Blackfoot Elders.

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Blackstock, Cindy. "After the apology: Why are so many First Nations children still in foster care?" Children Australia 34, no. 1 (2009): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000050x.

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Although the undesirable child outcomes arising from the chronic over-representation of First Nations children and young people in child welfare care have been broadly acknowledged in Canada, research on this critical issue is just emerging. This paper summarizes the North American literature on ethnic over-representation and structural risks to inform future research directions in First Nations child welfare. Comparisons to the situation of Aboriginal children in Australia are also discussed.

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Trocmé, Nico, Della Knoke, and Cindy Blackstock. "Pathways to the Overrepresentation of Aboriginal Children in Canada’s Child Welfare System." Social Service Review 78, no. 4 (December 2004): 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/424545.

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Baskin2, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk About Structural Determinants as the Causes of Their Homelessness1." First Peoples Child & Family Review 14, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071289ar.

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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the findings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These findings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as a youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy-level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.

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Baskin, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk about Structural Determinants as the Causes of their Homelessness." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069395ar.

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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the ﬁndings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These ﬁndings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.

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Walmsley, Christopher. "Talking about the Aboriginal Community: Child Protection Practitioners’ Views." First Peoples Child & Family Review 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069585ar.

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Child protection practitioners view Aboriginal communities as victim, adversary, participant, partner, and protector of children. These representations of communities are derived from interview data with 19 Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal child protection social workers in British Columbia, Canada. The representations of the community are informed by the practitioner’s geographic relationship to the community and the length of community residency (including whether it’s the practitioner’s community of origin). Practitioners view communities as a victim or adversary when no relationship of trust exists with the community. Practitioners view communities having a participative or partnership role in child protection when trust has developed. When communities take full responsibility for children’s welfare, practitioners view the community as the protector of children. No clear association was found between the different representations of the community and the practitioner’s culture or organizational auspices. The practitioner’s own vision of practice is believed to signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the relationship that develops with the community.

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Morris, Kristine. "(A Literature Review) Re-examining issues behind the loss of family and cultural and the impact on Aboriginal youth suicide rates." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069532ar.

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Long, Maureen, and Rene Sephton. "Rethinking the “Best Interests” of the Child: Voices from Aboriginal Child and Family Welfare Practitioners." Australian Social Work 64, no. 1 (March 2011): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2010.535544.

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Pon, Gordon, Kevin Gosine, and Doret Phillips. "IMMEDIATE RESPONSE: ADDRESSING ANTI-NATIVE AND ANTI-BLACK RACISM IN CHILD WELFARE." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 3/4 (July 8, 2011): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs23/420117763.

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<p>Anti-oppression emerged in the 1990s as a perspective for challenging inequalities and accommodating diversity within the field of social work, including child welfare in Canada. Using the concepts of white supremacy, anti-Black, and anti-Native racism in conjunction with the notion of the exalted national subject (Thobani, 2007), we contend that any understanding of the overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Black children in the care of child welfare services must be located within the wider narrative of white supremacy that has underpinned the formation of the post-war welfare state. This overrepresentation highlights the need to shift from anti-oppression to critical race feminism and anti-colonialism perspectives in order to address more effectively anti-Black and anti-Native racism and the economy of child welfare.</p>

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Swain, Shurlee. "Traces in the archives: Evidence of institutional abuse in surviving child welfare records." Children Australia 32, no. 1 (2007): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011433.

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The 2004 Forgotten Australians report is the most recent in a series of enquiries highlighting the prevalence of abuse in Australian child welfare institutions. The final report was heavily reliant on oral evidence from survivors and called for ongoing historical research to investigate the conditions which allowed such abuse to exist. This paper is a preliminary response to that call.Drawing on the records of a range of Victorian child welfare organisations, it argues that there is evidence in the archives both for the existence of institutional abuse and of individual and systemic responses to the problem. However, the evidence is not always found in the obvious places, nor does it support a simplistic explanation of the prevalence and tolerance of abuse in such settings.

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Bertsch, Maria, and Bruce A. Bidgood. "Why is Adoption Like a First Nations’ Feast?: Lax Kw’alaam Indigenizing Adoptions in Child Welfare." First Peoples Child & Family Review 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069066ar.

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Have you ever wondered about how to be culturally-sensitive in adoption approaches with Aboriginal people? Have you wanted ideas on how to more effectively engage First Nations adoptive-parents? Did you consider how leadership for social workers could assist in adoption outcomes for Aboriginal children? This article chronicles a study of the adoption experiences of the members of a First Nations community in Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The results indicated that despite an overwhelmingly negative history with the adoptions and child protection system, many First Nations people are not only open to adoption but perceive it as an integral part of their traditional parenting practices. There is an overarching desire to have children who have been previously adopted outside the community returned to their hereditary lands. A series of recommendations for a more culturally-sensitive adoption practice were identified including: 1) improved information, 2) on-going community-government consultation, 3) cultural preservation, 4) social work training, and 5) government policy changes. The article will encourage curiosity regarding social work leadership and how this framework can be instrumental when working with Aboriginal culture. The implications of the study for the role of social workers as leaders in the creation of a new, culturally-sensitive adoption practice are discussed.

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Jamieson, Lisa M., Joanne Hedges, X. Ju, Kostas Kapellas, Cathy Leane, Dandara G. Haag, Pedro Ribeiro Santiago, Davi Manzini Macedo, Rachel M. Roberts, and Lisa G. Smithers. "Cohort profile: South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC)—a prospective longitudinal birth cohort." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e043559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043559.

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PurposeThe South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC) is a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort established to: (1) estimate Aboriginal child dental disease compared with population estimates; (2) determine the efficacy of an early childhood caries intervention in early versus late infancy; (3) examine if efficacy was sustained over time and; (4) document factors influencing social, behavioural, cognitive, anthropometric, dietary and educational attainment over time.ParticipantsThe original SAABC comprised 449 women pregnant with an Aboriginal child recruited February 2011 to May 2012. At child age 2 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained, at age 3 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained and at age 5 years, 299 (69%) participants were retained. Fieldwork for follow-up at age 7 years is underway, with funding available for follow-up at age 9 years.Findings to dateAt baseline, 53% of mothers were aged 14–24 years and 72% had high school or less educational attainment. At age 3 years, dental disease experience was higher among children exposed to the intervention later rather than earlier in infancy. The effect was sustained at age 5 years, but rates were still higher than general child population estimates. Experiences of racism were high among mothers, with impacts on both tooth brushing and toothache. Compared with population estimates, levels of self-efficacy and self-rated oral health of mothers at baseline were low.Future plansOur data have contributed to a better understanding of the environmental, behavioural, dietary, biological and psychosocial factors contributing to Aboriginal child oral and general health, and social and emotional well-being. This is beneficial in charting the trajectory of cohort participants’ health and well-being overtime, particularly in identifying antecedents of chronic diseases which are highly prevalent among Aboriginal Australians. Funding for continued follow-up of the cohort will be sought.Trial registration numberACTRN12611000111976; Post-results.

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Gardner, Suzie, Susan Woolfenden, Lola Callaghan, Trudy Allende, Jennifer Winters, Grace Wong, Shea Caplice, and Karen Zwi. "Picture of the health status of Aboriginal children living in an urban setting of Sydney." Australian Health Review 40, no. 3 (2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14259.

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Objectives The aims of the present study were to: (1) describe the health status and health indicators for urban Aboriginal children (age 0–16 years) in south-east Sydney; and (2) evaluate the quality of routinely collected clinical data and its usefulness in monitoring local progress of health outcomes. Methods Aboriginal maternal and child health routine data, from multiple databases, for individuals accessing maternal and child health services between January 2007 and December 2012 were examined and compared with state and national health indicators. Results Reductions in maternal smoking, premature delivery and low birthweight delivery rates were achieved in some years, but no consistent trends emerged. Paediatric services had increased referrals each year. The most frequent diagnoses were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. Twenty per cent of children had a chronic medical condition requiring long-term follow-up. Aboriginal children were more likely to be discharged from hospital against medical advice than non-Aboriginal children. Routinely collected data did not include some information essential to monitor determinants of health and health outcomes. Conclusions Aboriginal children living in this urban setting had high levels of need. Routinely recorded data were suboptimal for monitoring local health status and needed to reflect national and state health indicators. Routinely collected data can identify service gaps and guide service development. What is known about this topic? Despite improvements in some areas, there continue to be significant gaps in maternal and child health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. These are poorly documented at a local service level. What does this paper add? Intensive, local services offered to Aboriginal women and children can result in rapid service engagement. Health service data routinely collected by local services can be used to demonstrate reductions in antenatal risk factors in pregnant Aboriginal women, even within the short time frame of 6 years. However, improvements in child health outcomes may require longer time frames. In this urban setting, the most frequent diagnoses in Aboriginal children attending the service were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. What are the implications for practitioners? Key information regarding determinants of health should be routinely monitored at a local level to understand local rates and health needs in addition to evaluating and quantifying the effectiveness of service delivery or health promotion activities.

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Ban, Paul. "The Influence of Indigenous Perspectives of “Family” on some aspects of Australian & New Zealand Child Welfare Practice." Children Australia 18, no. 1 (1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003291.

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This article is written by a non indigenous person who has spent a number of years working with Torres Strait Islanders and is currently working in Victoria on a project that has its origins in Maori child care practice. The author has found that his work as a white social worker has been markedly influenced by contact with both Torres Strait Islander and Maori culture, and considers that this effect has been both positive and beneficial. White social workers for a number of years have been guilty of implementing an assimilationist policy where Governments treat indigenous people as though they are the same as white Australians. While this can be considered an equal treatment model, this policy and practice has been detrimental to the unique contribution indigenous people can provide to social work knowledge and understanding of child care practices. This article intends to share some insight into both these cultures and to hopefully influence readers to be more open when considering their dealings with indigenous people. Particular attention will be given to Torres Strait Islanders as they are indigenous Australians, with additional reference made to the influence of the Maoris in New Zealand.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aboriginal Australians Child welfare'

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