Journal articles on the topic 'Aboriginal Australian Rehabilitation Queensland'
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1
Lampert, Jo. "Indigenous Australian Perspectives in Teaching at The University of Queensland." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 24, no. 1 (April 1996): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002234.
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The goals of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy (AEP), the recommendations of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody and the broader implications of the High Court's Native Title decision place considerable pressure on the higher education system to move rapidly to achieve equity in access, participation and outcomes for Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians.
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Kerkhove, Ray, and Cathy Keys. "Australian settler bush huts and Indigenous bark-strippers: Origins and influences." Queensland Review 27, no. 1 (June 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2020.1.
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AbstractThis article considers the history of the Australian bush hut and its common building material: bark sheeting. It compares this with traditional Aboriginal bark sheeting and cladding, and considers the role of Aboriginal ‘bark strippers’ and Aboriginal builders in establishing salient features of the bush hut. The main focus is the Queensland region up to the 1870s.
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Smith, Benjamin R. "Pastoralism, local knowledge and Australian aboriginal development in Northern Queensland." Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 1-2 (May 2003): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14442210310001706397.
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Panaretto, K. S., A. Dellit, A. Hollins, G. Wason, C. Sidhom, K. Chilcott, D. Malthouse, et al. "Understanding patient access patterns for primary health-care services for Aboriginal and Islander people in Queensland: a geospatial mapping approach." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15115.
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This paperexplores the patterns ofpatients’accessingsix Aboriginal and Islander CommunityControlled Health Services (AICCHSs) in Queensland. Between August 2011 and February 2014, 26199 patients made at least one visit over a 2-year period prior to at least one of six Queensland AICCHS – one urban service (RA 1) in south-east Queensland, and five services in regional towns (RA 3) in Far North Queensland. Geospatial mapping of addresses for these registered patients was undertaken. The outcomes analysed included travel times to, the proportion of catchment populations using each AICCHS and an assessment of alternative mainstream general practice availability to these patients was made. In brief, the use of AICCHS was higher than Australian Bureau of Statistics census data would suggest. Approximately 20% of clients travel more than 30min to seek Aboriginal Health services, but only 8% of patients travelled longer than 60min. In the major city site, many other general practitioner (GP) services were bypassed. The data suggest Aboriginal and Islander patients in Queensland appear to value community-controlled primary care services. The number of Indigenous clients in regional locations in the Far North Queensland registered with services is often higher than the estimated resident population numbers.
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Munro, Jennifer, and Ilana Mushin. "Rethinking Australian Aboriginal English-based speech varieties." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 82–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.31.1.04mun.
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The colonial history of Australia necessitated contact between nineteenth and twentieth century dialects of English and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island languages. This has resulted in the emergence of contact languages, some of which have been identified as creoles (e.g. Sandefur 1979, Shnukal 1983) while others have been hidden under the label of ‘Aboriginal English’, exacerbated by what Young (1997) described as a gap in our knowledge of historical analyses of individual speech varieties. In this paper we provide detailed sociohistorical data on the emergence of a contact language in Woorabinda, an ex-Government Reserve in Queensland. We propose that the data shows that the label ‘Aboriginal English’ previously applied (Alexander 1968) does not accurately identify the language. Here we compare the sociohistorical data for Woorabinda to similar data for both Kriol, a creole spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia and to Bajan, an ‘intermediate creole’ of Barbados, to argue that the language spoken in Woorabinda is most likely also an intermediate creole.
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Sofield, Trevor H. B. "Australian Aboriginal Ecotourism in the Wet Tropics Rainforest of Queensland, Australia." Mountain Research and Development 22, no. 2 (May 2002): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0118:aaeitw]2.0.co;2.
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Moore, Mark W. "Australian Aboriginal biface reduction techniques on the Georgina River, Camooweal, Queensland." Australian Archaeology 56, no. 1 (January 2003): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2003.11681746.
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Moore, Mark W. "Australian Aboriginal Blade Production Methods on the Georgina River, Camooweal, Queensland." Lithic Technology 28, no. 1 (March 2003): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2003.11721001.
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Gibson, Kay L. "A Promising Approach for Identifying Gifted Aboriginal Students in Australia." Gifted Education International 13, no. 1 (May 1998): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949801300111.
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Recently research was conducted in Queensland, Australia which was designed to describe a more effective approach for the identification of gifted students. The purpose of the research was to contribute to the improvement of current procedures used in the identification of gifted minority children, particularly urban Aboriginal gifted children. The five year study of Dr. Mary M. Frasier at the University of Georgia served as a basic design model for the research. This paper reports the findings from the two data collection activities of the research project. Firstly interviews of urban Aboriginal community members, including parents of gifted Aboriginal children, were undertaken followed by a state wide survey of Aboriginal teachers in Queensland. The aim of both was to gain information concerning how giftedness was perceived and described by urban Aboriginal community members. This information was then utilised to establish the viability of Frasier's work in the identification of Australian gifted Aboriginal students and to suggest modification to Frasier's model which would heighten its cultural relevance to the Aboriginal society
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Kerkhove, Raymond Constant. "Aboriginal ‘resistance war’ tactics – ‘The Black War’ of southern Queensland." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 3 (February 10, 2015): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v6i3.4218.
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Frontier violence is now an accepted chapter of Australian history. Indigenous resistance is central to this story, yet little examined as a military phenomenon (Connor 2004). Indigenous military tactics and objectives are more often assumed than analysed.Building on Laurie’s and Cilento’s contentions (1959) that an alliance of Aboriginal groups staged a ‘Black War’ across southern Queensland between the 1840s and 1860s, the author seeks evidence for a historically definable conflict during this period, complete with a declaration, coordination, leadership, planning and a broader objective: usurping the pastoral industry. As the Australian situation continues to present elements which have proved difficult to reconcile with existing paradigms for military history, this study applies definitions from guerilla and terrorist conflict (e.g. Eckley 2001, Kilcullen 2009) to explain key features of the southern Queensland “Black War.”The author concludes that Indigenous resistance, to judge from southern Queensland, followed its own distinctive pattern. It achieved coordinated response through inter-tribal gatherings and sophisticated signaling. It relied on economic sabotage, targeted payback killings and harassment. It was guided by reticent “loner-leaders.” Contrary to the claims of military historians such as Dennis (1995), the author finds evidence for tactical innovation. He notes a move away from pitched battles to ambush affrays; the development of full-time ‘guerilla bands’; and use of new materials.
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Gibson, Padraic John. "Imperialism, ANZAC nationalism and the Aboriginal experience of warfare." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 3 (February 25, 2015): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v6i3.4190.
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Aboriginal protest played a key role in undermining the celebratory settler-nationalism of the bicentennial in 1988. In the lead up to another major nationalist mobilisation, the centenary of the Gallipoli invasion on ANZAC Day 2015, extensive official efforts are being made to incorporate Aboriginal experiences into the day, through celebration of the role of Aboriginal people who served in Australia’s armed forces. This article provides a critical analysis of the 2014 NAIDOC theme as a way of exploring some of the tensions in this process. The NAIDOC theme, ‘Serving Country: Centenary and Beyond’, presented a continuity between Aboriginal soldiers in WW1 and Aboriginal warriors who fought in defence of their land during the 19th Century Frontier Wars. In contrast, this article argues that the real historical continuity is between the massacres on the frontier, which often involved Aboriginal troopers fighting for the colonial powers, and the invasions undertaken by Australian soldiers in WW1. New research documenting the horrific scale on which Aboriginal people were killed by Native Police in Queensland in the second half of the 19th Century is integrated with studies of the political economy of Australian settler-capitalism in this period. This analysis is used to demonstrate how capitalist class interests drove both the Frontier Wars and the development of an Australian regional empire, which was consolidated by the mobilisation of Australian troops in WW1.
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Morwood, M. J. "The prehistory of Aboriginal landuse on the upper Flinders River, North Queensland Highlands." Queensland Archaeological Research 7 (January 1, 1990): 3–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.7.1990.126.
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A general theme in Australian prehistory is the development of the distinctive social, economic and technological systems observed in recent Aboriginal societies. Research has demonstrated significant change in the Australian archaeological sequence and general trends of such are shared by numerous regions. Most that have been investigated indicate low density occupation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene with significant increases in site numbers, increased artefact discard rates and dissemination of new technologies and artefact types in mid-to-late Holocene times (e.g. Lourandos 1985). On the other hand, each region has a unique prehistory, range of material evidence and research potential. Our knowledge of Holocene developments in aboriginal subsistence systems, for instance, is largely based upon the history of cycad exploitation in the central Queensland Highlands (Beaton 1982), the appearance of seed grindstones in arid and semi-arid zones (Smith 1986) and evidence for increased emphasis on small-bodied animals in N.E. New South Wales and S.E. Queensland (McBryde 1977:233; Morwood 1987:347).
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Morwood, M. J. "The Archaeology of Social Complexity in South-east Queensland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, no. 1 (1987): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006265.
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The widespread alliance systems of Australian Aboriginal society had an economic and survival value in harsh environments, but in resource-rich areas such as South-east Queensland it is more a question of strategies for increasing regional carrying capacity. Recent archaeological results in the area, with evidence of increases in site numbers and artefact deposition rates and diversification of subsistence resources to include small-bodied species, show the development of new patterns of technology, economy and demography following major environmental changes in the post-Pleistocene period. Widespread changes in Australian prehistory around 4000 years ago may have been triggered in certain key areas such as South-east Queensland.
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Costello, Sean. "A novel year for human rights in Queensland." Alternative Law Journal 46, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x211017256.
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In a year of challenges from the novel coronavirus, the new Queensland Human Rights Act was applied in unexpected ways. Its new complaints process was particularly tested by hotel quarantine restrictions. Nonetheless, geographic and demographic differences between Queensland and other human rights jurisdictions are also emerging as especially relevant to how human rights protection will be applied in the state, particularly a new Australian right to health and the cultural rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
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Li, Ming, Robyn McDermott, Katina D'Onise, and Dympna Leonard. "Folate status and health behaviours in two Australian Indigenous populations in north Queensland." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 10 (February 10, 2012): 1959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003661.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess nutritional status using red-cell folate (RCF) and associated health behaviours including fruit and vegetable intake, smoking, drinking and physical activity in two Indigenous populations living in remote northern Australia.DesignA cross-sectional survey conducted during 1998–2000.SettingTwenty-six rural communities in north Queensland, Australia.SubjectsA total of 2524 Indigenous people aged 15 years and over was included in the study. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were recorded. RCF was measured using the Bayer Advia Centaur automated immunoassay system. The association between low RCF (RCF<295 nmol/l) and risk factors was analysed using general linear models adjusted for demographic factors and covariates, namely BMI, diabetes and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe prevalence of RCF deficiency was higher in Aboriginal participants compared with Torres Strait Islanders (25·6 %v. 14·8 %,P< 0·001). Young women of childbearing age were more likely to have low RCF. Among Aboriginal adults, smoking was strongly associated with low RCF (risk ratio = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·5, 2·5 in females and risk ratio = 2·9, 95 % CI 1·9, 4·2 in males).ConclusionsIndigenous Australians, especially women of childbearing age, had high prevalence of low RCF. Smoking was associated with insufficient folate independent of fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal population. This population with an already higher risk of obesity and higher rate of tobacco smoking should be targeted to improve nutrition status to prevent ill health such as diabetes and CVD.
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Laffey, Kate, Wendy M. Pearce, and William Steed. "Effect of dialect on the identification of speech impairmentin Indigenous children." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.2.05laf.
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The influence of dialect on child speech assessment processes is important to consider in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention (teaching or therapy) for bidialectal children. In Australia, there is limited research evidence documenting the influence of dialectal variations on identification of speech impairment among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The effect of dialect on the identification of speech impairment was therefore investigated in seven eight-year-old Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian children living in Townsville, Queensland. Up to eighty words were transcribed from a connected speech sample and phonological patterns were analysed using contrastive analysis. The number of participants identified with a speech impairment decreased when typical characteristics of Australian Indigenous Englishes (AIE) were used as the target reference rather than Standard Australian English (SAE).
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Carden, Clarissa. "Reformatory schools and Whiteness in danger: An Australian case." Childhood 25, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568218775177.
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The Queensland Reformatory and Industrial Schools Act (1865) provided for the creation of a system of reformatory and industrial schools. This article explores the early years of the reformatory for boys. The Act defined Aboriginal children as ‘neglected’ and eligible to be sent to this institution. However, of the first 1000 children admitted, all but 33 were White. This article explores this contradiction through an analysis of the reformatory in light of fears about the fragility of Whiteness in Queensland’s climate.
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Boulton-Lewis, G. M., H. Neill, and G. S. Halford. "Information Processing and Scholastic Achievement in Aboriginal Australian Children in South-East Queensland." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 14, no. 5 (November 1986): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014644.
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Twenty high contact Queensland Aboriginal children of mean age six years were tested on two measures of capaciy to process information (cf. Case, et al., 1982 and Halford, 1984) and on two newly devised tasks to measure levels of thinking based on cultural knowledge. The results indicated that these children possess capacity to process information that is the same as Caucasian children of the same age. Because these children have underlying capacity to learn tasks to the same level as any other child the results have implications for schooling. It is intended that this initial trial testing will be followed up in a larger study.
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Wheeler, Amanda J., Jean Spinks, Fiona Kelly, Robert S. Ware, Erica Vowles, Mike Stephens, Paul A. Scuffham, and Adrian Miller. "Protocol for a feasibility study of an Indigenous Medication Review Service (IMeRSe) in Australia." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e026462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026462.
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IntroductionThe age-adjusted rate of potentially preventable hospitalisations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is almost five times the rate of other Australians. Quality use of medicines has an important role in alleviating these differences. This requires strengthening existing medication reviewing services through collaboration between community pharmacists and health workers, and ensuring services are culturally appropriate. This Indigenous Medication Review Service (IMeRSe) study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a culturally appropriate medication management service delivered by community pharmacists in collaboration with Aboriginal health workers.Methods and analysisThis study will be conducted in nine Aboriginal health services (AHSs) and their associated community pharmacies in three Australian states over 12 months. Community pharmacists will be trained to improve their awareness and understanding of Indigenous health and cultural issues, to communicate the quality use of medicines effectively, and to strengthen interprofessional relationships with AHSs and their staff. Sixty consumers (with a chronic condition/pregnant/within 2 years post partum and at risk of medication-related problems (MRPs) per site will be recruited, with data collection at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference in cumulative incidence of serious MRPs in the 6 months after IMeRSe introduction compared with the 6 months prior. Secondary outcomes include potentially preventable medication-related hospitalisations, medication adherence, total MRPs, psychological and social empowerment, beliefs about medication, treatment satisfaction and health expenditure.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol received approval from Griffith University (HREC/2018/251), Queensland Health Metro South (HREC/18/QPAH/109), Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (1381/18), Far North Queensland (HREC/18/QCH/86-1256) and the Central Australian HREC (CA-18-3090). Dissemination to Indigenous people and communities will be a priority. Results will be available on the Australian Sixth Community Pharmacy Agreement website and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000188235; Pre-results.
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Mals, Peter, Kevin Howells, Andrew Day, and Guy Hall. "Adapting Violence Rehabilitation Programs for the Australian Aboriginal Offender." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 30, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2000): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v30n01_08.
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James, Sarah, Maree Toombs, and Wendy Brodribb. "Barriers and enablers to postpartum contraception among Aboriginal Australian women: factors influencing contraceptive decisions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 3 (2018): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17041.
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This qualitative research obtained insights into factors influencing postpartum contraception use among Aboriginal women in southern Queensland. Seventeen women participated in focus groups or interviews from July to October 2015 at an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health Organisation. Data were analysed with open coding and thematic analysis. The results affirmed Aboriginal women want control over family planning. Participants indicated more could be done to improve health literacy and contraception uptake. A variety of family planning preferences were revealed, with an almost universal desire for increased access to postpartum contraception. Participants wanted information given antenatally and postnatally. Obtaining and using contraception were difficult for many. Social factors that hinder access such as shame, ideas surrounding women’s health, cultural disengagement, social isolation and using childbearing to control relationships were identified. The reproductive outcomes of Aboriginal women often do not reflect their preferences. A mandate exists to provide information about and access to postpartum contraception, empowering women with greater control over their reproductive practices. Health professionals can play a key role in dismantling barriers to autonomous family planning by offering information and resources both antenatally and postnatally.
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Turnbull, Paul. "Australian Museums, Aboriginal Skeletal Remains, and the Imagining of Human Evolutionary History, c. 1860-1914." Museum and Society 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.318.
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Much has been written about how progress to nationhood in British colonial settler societies was imagined to depend on safeguarding the biological integrity of an evolutionarily advanced citizenry. There is also a growing body of scholarship on how the collecting and exhibition of indigenous ethnological material and bodily remains by colonial museums underscored the evolutionary distance between indigenes and settlers. This article explores in contextual detail several Australian museums between 1860 and 1914, in particular the Australian Museum in Sydney, the Queensland Museum in Brisbane, and the Victorian Museum in Melbourne, in which the collecting, interpretation and exhibition of the Aboriginal Australian bodily dead by staff and associated scientists served to imagine human evolutionary history.
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Cruickshank, Joanna. "Race, History, and the Australian Faith Missions." Itinerario 34, no. 3 (December 2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000677.
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In 1901, the parliament of the new Commonwealth of Australia passed a series of laws designed, in the words of the Prime Minister Edmund Barton, “to make a legislative declaration of our racial identity”. An Act to expel the large Pacific Islander community in North Queensland was followed by a law restricting further immigration to applicants who could pass a literacy test in a European language. In 1902, under the Commonwealth Franchise Act, “all natives of Asia and Africa” as well as Aboriginal people were explicitly denied the right to vote in federal elections. The “White Australia policy”, enshrined in these laws, was almost universally supported by Australian politicians, with only two members of parliament speaking against the restriction of immigration on racial grounds.
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Osmond, Gary, Murray G. Phillips, and Alistair Harvey. "Fighting Colonialism: Olympic Boxing and Australian Race Relations." Journal of Olympic Studies 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/26396025.3.1.05.
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Abstract Australian Aboriginal boxer Adrian Blair was one of three Indigenous Australians to compete in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. To that point, no Indigenous Australians had ever participated in the Olympics, not for want of sporting talent but because the racist legislation that stripped them of their basic human rights extended to limited sporting opportunities. The state of Queensland, where Blair lived, had the most repressive laws governing Indigenous people of any state in Australia. The Cherbourg Aboriginal Settlement, a government reserve where Blair grew up as a ward of the state, epitomized the oppressive control exerted over Indigenous people. In this article, we examine Blair's selection for the Olympic Games through the lens of government legislation and changing policy toward Indigenous people. We chart a growing trajectory of boxing in Cherbourg, from the reserve's foundation in 1904 to Blair's appearance in Tokyo sixty years later, which corresponds to policy shifts from “protection” to informal assimilation and, finally, to formal assimilation in the 1960s. The analysis of how Cherbourg boxing developed in these changing periods illustrates the power of sport history for analyzing race relations in settler colonial countries.
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Hunter, Ernest. "An Overview of Indigenous Suicide." Australasian Psychiatry 5, no. 5 (October 1997): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569709082278.
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The public understanding of Aboriginal suicide has been shaped by specific events, in particular the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. The publicity surrounding the Commission contributed to a widespread view that Aboriginal suicide is common, most often occurring in custody, with indigenous prisoners being at much greater risk than non-indigenous inmates. While the Royal Commission demonstrated that these perceptions are incorrect, the images are tenacious and persistent. In fact, overall, indigenous Australians die by suicide at a rate very similar to that of the wider Australian population, the ratio of age-adjusted rates for deaths attributed to suicide for indigenous versus non-indigenous populations for the period 1990-1992 (excluding Queensland which did not, at that time, identify Aboriginality on death certificates) being 0.9 (Moller, 1996).
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Andrews, Cheryl. "Teacher Socialisation and Teacher Attitudes Towards Indigenous Children." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 21, no. 5 (November 1993): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200005939.
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In this paper I offer an explanation for teacher-held beliefs that contribute to perceptions of school failure by indigenous children and discuss the ends served by these perceptions. Although the validity of using retention rates as an indicator of actual educational outcomes is questioned (Luke, A. et al, 1993:144), there are few other indicators presently available. The figures on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander student participation rates-indicate that few children of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent complete secondary school. The following figures, based on data collected in the 1991 Australian Census, show the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander school children of a particular sex and age expressed as a proportion of the population of children of the same sex and age, in Queensland.
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Sumsion, Jennifer, Linda Harrison, Karen Letsch, Benjamin Sylvester Bradley, and Matthew Stapleton. "‘Belonging’ in Australian early childhood education and care curriculum and quality assurance: Opportunities and risks." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 19, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463949118796239.
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This article considers opportunities and risks arising from the prominence of the belonging motif in Australia’s Early Years Learning Framework and, more implicitly, in the National Quality Standard, against which the quality of the early childhood education and care services is assessed. A vignette constructed from case study data generated in the babies’ room in an early childhood centre in an Aboriginal community in rural Queensland is used to illuminate some of these opportunities and risks.
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Luke, Carly R., Katherine Benfer, Leeann Mick-Ramsamy, Robert S. Ware, Natasha Reid, Arend F. Bos, Margot Bosanquet, and Roslyn N. Boyd. "Early detection of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months corrected age: LEAP-CP prospective cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e053646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053646.
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IntroductionNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), are characterised by impaired development of the early central nervous system, impacting cognitive and/or physical function. Early detection of NDD enables infants to be fast-tracked to early intervention services, optimising outcomes. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants may experience early life factors increasing their risk of neurodevelopmental vulnerability, which persist into later childhood, further compounding the health inequities experienced by First Nations peoples in Australia. The LEAP-CP prospective cohort study will investigate the efficacy of early screening programmes, implemented in Queensland, Australia to earlier identify Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants who are ‘at risk’ of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) or NDD. Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of early detection tools for identifying infants ‘at risk’ of a later diagnosis of adverse NDO or NDD will be determined.Methods and analysisAboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander infants born in Queensland, Australia (birth years 2020–2022) will be invited to participate. Infants aged <9 months corrected age (CA) will undergo screening using the (1) General Movements Assessment (GMA); (2) Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE); (3) Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) and (4) Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Aboriginal adaptation (ASQ-TRAK). Developmental outcomes at 12 months CA will be determined for: (1) neurological (HINE); (2) motor (Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2); (3) cognitive and communication (Bayley Scales of Infant Development III); (4) functional capabilities (Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test) and (5) behaviour (Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment). Infants will be classified as typically developing or ‘at risk’ of an adverse NDO and/or specific NDD based on symptomology using developmental and diagnostic outcomes for (1) CP (2) ASD and (3) FASD. The effects of perinatal, social and environmental factors, caregiver mental health and clinical neuroimaging on NDOs will be investigated.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by appropriate Queensland ethics committees; Far North Queensland Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC/2019/QCH/50533 (Sep ver 2)-1370), the Townsville HHS Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/QTHS/56008), the University of Queensland Medical Research Ethics Committee (2020000185/HREC/2019/QCH/50533) and the Children’s Health Queensland HHS Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/20/QCHQ/63906) with governance and support from local First Nations communities. Findings from this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000969167.
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Radke, Amelia, and Heather Douglas. "Indigenous Australians, Specialist Courts, and The Intergenerational Impacts of Child Removal in The Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02802005.
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Murri Courts are a specialist criminal law practice that includes Elders and respected persons of the local Community Justice Group in the sentencing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two southeast Queensland Murri Courts, this article explores the impact of State ordered out-of-home care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants and their children. We show how Community Justice Groups and specialist courts help to address the intergenerational impacts of child protection interventions. The rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to enjoy, maintain, control, protect and develop their kinship ties is recognised under the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) and international human rights treaties. We suggest that policymakers and legislators should better recognise and support Community Justice Groups and specialist courts as they provide an important avenue for implementing the rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to recover and maintain their kinship ties.
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Warren, Elizabeth, and Janelle Young. "Oral Language, Representations and Mathematical Understanding: Indigenous Australian Students." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 37, no. 1 (2008): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100016173.
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AbstractThis paper explores the role of oral language and representations in negotiating mathematical understanding. The data were gathered from two Indigenous Australian classrooms in Northern Queensland. The first classroom, a Year 6/7 consisted of 15 students whose ages range from 10 years to 12 years with eight being Aboriginal, six from Torres Strait and one from Papua New Guinea. The second classroom, a Years 4/5/6 classroom consisted of 14 Year 3/4/5 students, with eight being Aboriginal and six of Torres Strait Island origin. Both teachers had been working in this context for up to five years and were perceived by both the school community and local educational consultants as exemplary teachers of Indigenous Australian students. Data were gathered from conversations with the two teachers, and from videos of their lessons especially designed to illuminate issues they negotiate on a day-to-day basis when teaching mathematics. The results indicate that explicit consideration needs to be given to the careful development of precise mathematical language and concrete mathematical materials, the use of questioning in establishing classroom discourse, and the recognition that many of these classrooms are bilingual.
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Harrison, Kristie H., KS Kylie Lee, Timothy Dobbins, Scott Wilson, Noel Hayman, Rowena Ivers, Paul S. Haber, et al. "Supporting Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to deliver alcohol care: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030909.
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IntroductionIndigenous peoples who have experienced colonisation or oppression can have a higher prevalence of alcohol-related harms. In Australia, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) offer culturally accessible care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) peoples. However there are many competing health, socioeconomic and cultural client needs.Methods and analysisA randomised cluster wait-control trial will test the effectiveness of a model of tailored and collaborative support for ACCHSs in increasing use of alcohol screening (with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C)) and of treatment provision (brief intervention, counselling or relapse prevention medicines).SettingTwenty-two ACCHSs across Australia.RandomisationServices will be stratified by remoteness, then randomised into two groups. Half receive support soon after the trial starts (intervention or ‘early support’); half receive support 2 years later (wait-control or ‘late support’).The supportCore support elements will be tailored to local needs and include: support to nominate two staff as champions for increasing alcohol care; a national training workshop and bimonthly teleconferences for service champions to share knowledge; onsite training, and bimonthly feedback on routinely collected data on screening and treatment provision.Outcomes and analysisPrimary outcome is use of screening using AUDIT-C as routinely recorded on practice software. Secondary outcomes are recording of brief intervention, counselling, relapse prevention medicines; and blood pressure, gamma glutamyltransferase and HbA1c. Multi-level logistic regression will be used to test the effectiveness of support.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from eight ethics committees: the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (1217/16); Central Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (CA-17-2842); Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research (2017-2737); Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service (17/QCQ/9); Far North Queensland (17/QCH/45-1143); Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee, South Australia (04-16-694); St Vincent’s Hospital (Melbourne) Human Research Ethics Committee (LRR 036/17); and Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (779).Trial registration numberACTRN12618001892202; Pre-results.
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Mackinlay, Elizabeth. "Disturbances and Dislocations: Understanding Teaching and Learning Experiences in Australian Aboriginal Music." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 29, no. 2 (2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100001320.
Full textAbstract:
One of the biggest debates in Australian Indigenous education today revolves around the many contested and competing ways of knowing by and about Indigenous cultures and the representation of Indigenous knowledges. Using Bakhtin's theories of dialogue and voice, my concern in this paper is to explore the polyphonic nature of power relations, performance roles and pedagogical texts in the context of teaching and learning Indigenous Australian women's music and dance. In this discussion, I will focus on my experiences as a lecturer in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit at the University of Queensland and my involvement in this educational setting with contemporary Indigenous performer Samantha Chalmers. Like a field experience, the performance classroom will be examined as a potential site for disturbing and dislocating dominant modes of representation of Indigenous women's performance through the construction, mediation and negotiation of Indigenous knowledge from and between both non-Indigenous and Indigenous voices.
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Sellwood, Juanita, and Denise Angelo. "Everywhere and nowhere." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 36, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.36.3.02sel.
Full textAbstract:
The language ecologies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Queensland are characterised by widespread language shift to contact language varieties, yet they remain largely invisible in discourses involving Indigenous languages and education. This invisibility – its various causes and its many implications – are explored through a discussion of two creoles which developed in Queensland: Yumplatok (formerly Torres Strait Creole) and Yarrie Lingo. Although both are English-lexified and originate in Queensland, they represent different histories and different trajectories of awareness and recognition. The Yumplatok discussion emphasises issues arising from speakers’ own attitudes, including Sellwood’s own lived experiences. The Yarrie Lingo discussion highlights issues arising from its creole–lexifier relationship with (Standard Australian) English. Finally, this paper examines a recently published government language report, highlighting the ways that Indigenous creoles are marginalised: this marginalisation exacerbates their invisibility in mainstream discourse.
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Barney, Katelyn. "Listening to and learning from the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students to facilitate success." Student Success 7, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v7i1.317.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on interviews with current and past Indigenous undergraduate students at the University of Queensland (UQ), this paper reports on findings from a project that explored the experiences of Indigenous Australian students and identified inhibitors and success factors for students. It also discusses one of the outcomes of the project and planned future developments that aim to provide better support for Indigenous Australian students at UQ. By knowing and acting upon the kinds of mechanisms that can assist Indigenous students, their experiences of tertiary study can be enhanced, leading to more students enrolling in and completing university study.
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Mervin, Merehau Cindy, Ruth Barker, Cindy Stealey, and Tracy Comans. "Introduction of the Community Rehabilitation Northern Queensland Service." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v12i1.97.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To analyse trends in length of hospital stay before and after the implementation of the Community Rehabilitation Northern Queensland Service (CRNQ) in Townsville, Australia.
Design: Retrospective analysis of collected administrative data provided by the data custodian Townsville Hospital Health Service District.
Setting: All patients discharged from the Townsville hospital between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2013 for whom the Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups were stroke (B70), degenerative nervous system disorders (B67) or rehabilitation (Z60).
Main outcome measures: Average length of stay and total number of inpatient episodes coded stroke, degenerative nervous system disorders or rehabilitation.
Results: Length of stay for the selected diagnosis related groups was consistently ranging from 23 days to 25 days for the period 2008-2012. In the first year of full operational capacity of CRNQ (2012-13), there was an average reduction of six days in length of stay. The major reductions in length of stay occurred in patients admitted for rehabilitation care.
Conclusions: This study adds additional evidence that earlier discharge can be facilitated for patients with neurological conditions living outside metropolitan areas when appropriate rehabilitation services are available in the community.
Abbreviations: AR-DRG – Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups; CRNQ – Community Rehabilitation Northern Queensland Service.
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Richmond, Robyn L., Devon Indig, Tony G. Butler, Kay A. Wilhelm, Vicki A. Archer, and Alex D. Wodak. "Smoking and Other Drug Characteristics of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Prisoners in Australia." Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516342.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction and Aim. Although tobacco and alcohol use have declined substantially in the Australian community, substance use among prisoners remains high. The aim was to compare the smoking, drug, and alcohol characteristics, sociodemographic profile, and general health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male prisoners in a smoking cessation intervention.Design and Methods. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data from 425 male prisoners who joined a quit smoking trial conducted at 18 correctional centres in NSW and Queensland using data collected by standardised self-report instruments.Results. Average age was 33 years with 15% from Aboriginal descent. Compared to non-Aboriginal prisoners, Aboriginal prisoners were significantly more likely to have left school with no qualifications, to have been institutionalised as a child, to be previously incarcerated, and commenced smoking at a younger age. The tobacco use profile of both groups was similar; most of them had a medium to high level of nicotine dependence, smoked roll your own tobacco, and were “serious” about quitting.Discussion and Conclusion. Despite differences in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and offending history, the smoking characteristics of Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal prisoners were similar. Incarceration offers an opportunity to encourage smoking cessation and reduction of drug use.
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Kee, Margaret Ah, and Clare Tilbury. "The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle is about self determination." Children Australia 24, no. 3 (1999): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009196.
Full textAbstract:
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle has been the policy guiding the placement of indigenous children in most Australian child protection jurisdictions for around fifteen years. The Principle requires the involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community representatives in decision making concerning indigenous children, and ensuring that alternative care placements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander careproviders.Most Jurisdictions still have a significant number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children placed with non-indigenous careproviders, and community based Aboriginal and Islander child care agencies continue to express dissatisfaction about the nature and level of consultation which occurs when welfare departments are taking action to protect indigenous children.This paper, which was presented at the IFCO conference in Melbourne in July 1999, examines why there has been such limited improvement in Child Placement Principle outcomes. Work undertaken in Queensland to address the over representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the child protection system will be outlined from both a departmental and community perspective. The paper argues that if strategies for addressing these issues are not located within a framework of self determination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, then they will not work.
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McCollow, John. "A Controversial Reform in Indigenous Education: The Cape York Aboriginal Australian Academy." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 41, no. 2 (December 2012): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2012.22.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines a controversial initiative in Indigenous education: the establishment of the Cape York Aboriginal Australian Academy (CYAAA). The article provides a brief description of the Academy's three campuses and their communities and considers: the circumstances of its creation, including the role of Noel Pearson and Cape York Partnerships; the rationale and philosophy underpinning the case for establishing the Academy; implementation; and some key issues relevant to assessing this reform. These include its impact on a range of performance measures, the veracity and power of the social and educational rationales on which the reform is based, the use of ‘Direct Instruction’ (DI), and the practicability of extending and broadening the reform. The time period considered is from late 2009 through 2011. The article draws on publications, and on visits to campuses of the school and meetings/communications/discussions with personnel from the Queensland Department of Education and Training (DET, now Department of Education, Training and Employment), Cape York Partnerships, the CYAAA and others undertaken in the author's role as a teacher union officer.
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Morwood, M. J. "The archaeology of art: excavations at Maidenwell and Gatton Shelters, southeast Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 3 (January 1, 1986): 88–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.3.1986.184.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the results of excavations at Maidenwell and Gatton Shelters, two rock art sites in S.E. Queensland. The work was undertaken as part of a research project concerned with a major theme in Australian prehistory - the development of social and economic complexity in Aboriginal society (e.g. Lourandos 1983, 1985; Morwood 1984). As foci for a range of symbolic activities, Maidenwell and Gatton Shelters have the potential to yield evidence for changes in the nature and intensity of social interaction, particularly in the context of evidence for economic, technological and demographic change (cf. Conkey 1978, 1980; Gamble 1982, 1983).
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Scott, Robert, Regina Foster, Lisa N. Oliver, Anna Olsen, Julie Mooney-Somers, Bradley Mathers, Joanne M. Micallef, John Kaldor, and Lisa Maher. "Sexual risk and healthcare seeking behaviour in young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in North Queensland." Sexual Health 12, no. 3 (2015): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14092.
Full textAbstract:
Background Compared with non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have higher rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI). The identification of the sexual risk and healthcare seeking behaviours of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in a regional Australian setting was sought. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 155 young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (16–24 years) in Townsville was conducted. Results: Most participants (83%) reported ever having had sex, with a median age of 15 years at first sex and a range from 9 to 22 years. While young men reported more sexual partners in the last 12 months than young women, they were also more likely to report condom use at the last casual sex encounter (92% vs 68%, P = 0.006). Young women were significantly more likely than young men to report never carrying condoms (35% vs 16%); however, they were more likely to have had STI testing (53% vs 28%, P = 0.004). Of those reporting previous STI testing, 29% reported ever being diagnosed with an STI. Conclusions: The sample of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people reported an early age at first sex, variable condom use and low uptake of STI testing. The high prevalence of self-reported STI diagnoses indicate a need for opportunistic sexual health education and efforts designed to promote the uptake of STI screening in this group.
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Mackinlay, Elizabeth, Kristy Thatcher, and Camille Seldon. "Understanding Social and Legal Justice Issues for Aboriginal Women within the Context of an Indigenous Australian Studies Classroom: a Problem-based Learning Approach." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 33 (2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600832.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractProblem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach in which students encounter a problem and systematically set about finding ways to understand the problem through dialogue and research. PBL is an active process where students take responsibility for their learning by asking their own questions about the problem and in this paper we explore the potential of PBL as a “location of possibility” (hooks, 1994, p. 207) for an engaged, dialogic, reflective and critical classroom. Our discussion centres on a course called ABTS2010 Aboriginal Women, taught by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit at the University of Queensland where PBL is used frequently, and a specific PBL package entitled Kina v R aimed at exploring social and legal justice issues for Indigenous Australian women. From both a historical and contemporary perspective, we consider the types of understandings made possible about justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women for students in the course through the use of a PBL approach.
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Hatherell, William. "Queensland man of letters: The many worlds of F.W. Robinson." Queensland Review 22, no. 2 (December 2015): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2015.29.
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AbstractThis article offers the fullest discussion to date of the career, achievements and writing of Associate Professor Frederick Walter Robinson, one of the founders of the English program at the University of Queensland and a major figure in Brisbane and Queensland cultural life from the 1920s to the 1960s. Robinson's career is considered in the context of the development of English as a university and school discipline, the intellectual and cultural life of Brisbane and the University of Queensland, and national cultural developments during the middle decades of the twentieth century. Through his university teaching and vigorous participation in many cultural and educational groups within and outside the university, Robinson was a highly influential figure — particularly in his pioneering work in teaching, documenting and researching Australian literature, developing the Queensland school curriculum in English and championing the importance of Aboriginal anthropology. The article makes use of unpublished material in Robinson's extensive papers in the Fryer Library, and suggests that a true estimation of Robinson's achievements has been hindered by the fact that so much of his work remains unpublished.
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Maxwell, Jack. "Epistemic injustice on Palm Island." Alternative Law Journal 43, no. 1 (March 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x17748206.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the recent decision in Wotton v Queensland (No 5) through the lens of epistemic injustice. In Wotton, the Federal Court found that police contravened the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 in their response to the death of an Aboriginal man in custody on Palm Island in 2004. The decision is a landmark for police accountability, but it also provides a striking example of an Australian court confronting and condemning epistemic injustice: the distinctive wrongs that may be done to a person as a knower.
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Staines, Zoe, and John Scott. "Crime and colonisation in Australia’s Torres Strait Islands." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865819869049.
Full textAbstract:
The overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice system has been thoroughly documented over a number of decades. However, studies tend to adopt homogenising discourses that fail to acknowledge or deeply examine the diversity of Indigenous Australian experiences of crime, including across geographic and cultural contexts. This has prompted calls for a more thorough investigation of how experiences of crime differ across Australia’s Indigenous communities, including between remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This paper forms part of a larger study, examining crime and justice in the Torres Strait Region, situated off the far northern tip of the State of Queensland. Here, we examine and compare reported crime trends in the Torres Straits with those in Queensland’s remote Aboriginal communities and Queensland State on the whole. We then draw upon existing anthropological, historical and other literature to explore possible explanations for differences in these crime rates. We find that crime rates are generally lower in the Torres Strait Region and that the different historical experiences of colonisation and policing may provide a partial explanation for this, particularly through the lens of social disorganisation theory.
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Fensham, Rod. "Conrad Martens and the Bush of South-East Queensland." Queensland Review 9, no. 1 (May 2002): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002737.
Full textAbstract:
The work of colonial artists has provided precious insights into the nature of the Australian landscape as it was at the time immediately following white settlement. The works of Glover, Lewin and von Guérard, for example, have been employed by historical geographers and have fuelled some fascinating debates about the nature of the landscape as it was under Aboriginal management. Of course, the work of some of these artists forms more faithful historical documentation than that of others. The stylised works of J.S. Lycett, the emancipated convict turned painter, are almost certainly unreliable as accurate landscape documentation, as his criminal conviction for forgery may suggest (Plate 1). It is likely that Lycett never visited some of the locations he painted and much of his work was probably commissioned as immigration propaganda, intended to placate the fears of the Britons equivocating about a move to the awesome and intimidating southern land.
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Stewart, Jan. "Grounded Theory and Focus Groups: Reconciling Methodologies in Indigenous Australian Education Research." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, S1 (2007): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100004671.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper captures an ideological moment in time in which I contemplated the methodological approach I was embarking upon. In my search for a more appropriate approach for conducting research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tertiary students at the University of Queensland, I chose focus groups set within the qualitative process of grounded theory. This paper explores the meaning, usefulness and persistence of grounded theory, how it juxtaposes with focus groups, and the implications for the reciprocal integrity of the research for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and me. Within this context and the tenets of grounded theory I ask questions such as, “For how long in the process can your research texts (linking data and theory) about field texts (participants’ narratives) remain purely inductive?” And, “How does the movement between inductive theory development and deductive assumptions fit widi issues of power and authority in an Australian Indigenous context?”I see possibility in the complementary use of grounded theory and focus groups that creates dialogic relationships between the students as both narrators and audience. Through the interaction of retelling, reliving and recreating life experiences in conversations, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tertiary students conceptualise their individual subjectivities in a process of self-construction. How perceptive I am in “seeing” developing concepts within the students’ testimonies, and how I interpret those concepts in relation to existing theoretical content, may lead to new theory that influences the ongoing deconstruction of grand narratives often assigned to group identities. Co-research among the participants can provide the opportunity for monitoring the generative process.
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Phillips, Virginia. "The Aboriginal and Islander Student in the Classroom." Aboriginal Child at School 18, no. 4 (September 1990): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600388.
Full textAbstract:
Most secondary teachers in Queensland will encounter Aboriginal and Islander students in the classroom at some time or other, and most teachers will have no experience or training to prepare them to meet the special needs of the indigenous students. Aboriginal and Islander students are, indeed, different from mainstream (or Anglo-Celtic) Australian students in their learning characteristics, their social or cultural backgrounds, existing educational disadvantagement and experience of prejudice, and their use of forms of English other than Standard Australian English (SAE). To say that all students are equal and should be treated the same way is to deny these important differences and impede the learning of Aboriginal and Islander students in the mainstream classroom.Two features of Aboriginal and Islander learning styles about which classroom teachers need to be aware are field sensitivity and external locus of control. Students described as “field sensitive” (or field dependent) are influenced by context and develop cognitive styles related to a global, or whole, approach to thinking. The introduction to learning new material, therefore, needs to take this learning style into account, if Aboriginal and Islander students are to cope with learning in a culture which is not their own. The introduction needs to be global in its approach, to enable these students to apply it to their existing knowledge. (Tutor leaflet, n.d.) Field dependent behaviours exhibited by indigenous students, according to a leaflet issued to tutors working with Aboriginal and Islander students in Townsville, include a preference for group type, co-operative learning tasks and a sensitivity to the feelings and opinions of peers, rather than an individual, competitive learning style. There is also a tendency to relate to the teacher/tutor at a highly personal level.
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VALERY, P. C., M. WENITONG, V. CLEMENTS, M. SHEEL, D. McMILLAN, J. STIRLING, K. S. SRIPRAKASH, M. BATZLOFF, R. VOHRA, and J. S. McCARTHY. "Skin infections among Indigenous Australians in an urban setting in Far North Queensland." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 8 (October 24, 2007): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009740.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYSkin infections are highly prevalent in many Australian Aboriginal communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of group A streptococcus (GAS) andStaphylococcus aureusin skin sores of Indigenous people living in an urban setting. We undertook a cross-sectional study of 173 children and youths attending the Wuchopperen Clinic (Cairns) for treatment of skin infections. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and a skin lesion swab obtained. The median age was 5·3 years, with 42% identifying themselves as Torres Strait Islanders and 34% as Aboriginal. Impetigo (65%) was the most frequent diagnosis reported followed by scabies (19%); 79% of the lesions had erythema and 70% had exudate. Of 118 lesions, 114 were positive for pathogenic bacteria, with GAS isolated in 84 cases andS. aureusin 92; both these species were recovered from 63 lesions. Significant diversity ofemm-types of GAS was associated with skin lesions in Indigenous patients (22emm-types identified). Fifteen of the 92S. aureusisolates were suggestive of being community-acquired on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility profile and nine of these strains were co-cultured from nine lesions. These results have implications for future changes of antibiotic policies for the treatment of skin infections in this population.
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Townsend, Philip. "Mobile Devices for Tertiary Study – Philosophy Meets Pragmatics for Remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.26.
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This paper outlines PhD research which suggests mobile learning fits the cultural philosophies and roles of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who are preservice teachers in the very remote Australian communities where the research was conducted. The problem which the research addresses is the low completion rates for two community-based Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programs in South Australia (SA) and Queensland (Qld). Over the past decade, the national completion rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in teacher training was 36 per cent, and in these two community-based programs it was less than 15 per cent. This paper identifies the perceptions of the benefits of using mobile devices by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who are preservice teachers in very remote communities. They report ways in which mobile learning supports their complex roles and provides pragmatic positive outcomes for their tertiary study in remote locations. The paper describes the apparent alignment between mobile learning and cosmology, ontology, epistemology and axiology, which may underpin both the popularity of mobile devices and the affordances of mobile learning.
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Roberts-Witteveen, April, Kate Pennington, Nasra Higgins, Carolyn Lang, Monica Lahra, Russell Waddell, and John Kaldor. "Epidemiology of gonorrhoea notifications in Australia, 2007–12." Sexual Health 11, no. 4 (2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13205.
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Background An increase in the notification rate of gonorrhoea was observed in the national surveillance system. In Australia, gonorrhoea is relatively rare, apart from among some populations of Aboriginal people and men who have sex with men. Methods: Data about gonorrhoea cases reported between 2007 and 2012 from all Australian jurisdictions were extracted from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Analyses were undertaken of the time trends in counts and rates, according to jurisdiction, gender, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, diagnosis method and sexual orientation. Results: The largest increase in notifications between 2007 and 2012 was observed in both men and women in New South Wales (2.9- and 3.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively) and Victoria (2.4- and 2.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively), men in the Australian Capital Territory and women in Queensland. The highest notification rates remained in Indigenous people in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and particularly in women, although rates may have decreased over the study period. Changes in age and sex distribution, antimicrobial resistance and patterns of exposure and acquisition were negligible. Conclusions: There is an ongoing gonorrhoea epidemic affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, but the increases in notifications have occurred primarily in non-Aboriginal populations in the larger jurisdictions. Interpretation of these surveillance data, especially in relation to changes in population subgroups, would be enhanced by laboratory testing data. Further efforts are needed to decrease infection rates in populations at highest risk.