Journal articles: 'Abomasum'

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Lee, J. Y., M. R. Lee, J. H. Kim, T. S. Han, S. S. Kang, C. S. Bae, D. H. Kim, G. Kim, and S. H. Choi. "Efficacy of Moxibustion after Rolling Correction in Dairy Cows with Abomasal Displacement." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, no. 01 (January 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x0700462x.

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This study was performed to assess the efficacy of moxibustion after rolling correction in dairy cows with abomasal displacement (AD). The experimental group comprised 86 Holstein cows with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) and right displacement of the abomasum (RDA), with a mean age of 3.8 with AD during a 2-year period. The cows were rolled for correction of AD. After the rolling procedure, moxibustion was conducted on six acupoints once a day during the course of treatment. After repositioning the abomasums, the bilateral points of BL-20, BL-21 and BL-26 were then stimulated. During the follow-up of 1 week, 67 (93.1%) of 72 LDA and 12 (85.7%) of 14 RDA cows were released as cured after moxibustion. In conclusion, moxibustion effectively treats AD following rolling correction in dairy cows.

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Margan, DE. "Stimulation of abomasal flow in sheep with buffer infusions per abomasum and effects of same on certain aspects of intestinal function." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9881121.

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Infusion into the abomasum of sheep of a mixture of volatile fatty acids partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide (VFA salts) markedly increased the rates of flow of liquor and chloride from the abomasum to the small intestine; buffered mineral salts comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and either disodium or dipotassium orthophosphate consistently produced a similar but smaller response. Thcre was little or no effect of the infusions on rumen or omasal outflow. By contrast, infusion of VFA in acid form had no effect on abomasal liquor and chloride flow and the infusion of sodium chloride did not effect liquor flow. The pH of abomasal digesta either decreased slightly or was unchanged when VFA salts wcre infused, but increased with infusion of mineral buffer salts. It is concluded that gastric secretion is markedly affected by the buffering capacity of the digesta entering the abomasum. The VFA entering the abomasum in digesta were estimated to be responsible for the secretion of as much as 60% of the chloride secreted into the organ. High rates of abomasal secretion, induced by intra-abomasal infusion of VFA salts, increased both (i) the amount of digesta in the abomasum and small intestine, (ii) the extent of absorption of calcium and magnesium distal to the omasum, and (iii) absorption from the small intestine of water, chloride and VFA, while decreasing (i) the pH of digesta in some sections of the small intestine and (ii) marker residence time in the proximal half of the small intestine. The rates of flow of both liquor and chloride from the abomasum, together with pH of abomasal digesta, progressively increased with age in animals aged 6, 10 and 30 months; they were still larger in other animals aged 54 months. By contrast, no consistent trends with age were observed with VFA and chloride concentrations in rumen liquor or the flow of metabolites from the rumen. The flow changes are suggested to be the result of changes in gastric juice secretion with age, stimulated at least in part by a corresponding decrease in the rate of absorption of buffering substances in the omasum and/or abomasum.

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Ørskow, E. R., N. A. MacLeod, and D. J. Kyle. "Flow of nitrogen from the rumen and abomasum in cattle and sheep given protein-free nutrients by intragastric infusion." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860103.

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1. Three experiments were conducted to determine the flow of nitrogen through the rumen and abomasum when cows, steers and lambs were totally nourished on volatile fatty acids infused into the rumen.2. In two dairy cows (650–700 kg) and two large steers (370–405 kg) the daily flow of non-ammonia-N (NAN) from the rumen was 50.7 and 58 mg/kg live weight (W)0.75respectively.3. The flows of NAN through the rumen and abomasum in four young steers (240 315 kg) were 85.0 (SE 21.0) and 195 (SE 7.0) mg/kg W0.75respectively.4. In the third experiment the effects of altering rumen pH and osmotic pressure on flow of NAN through the rumen and abomasum were investigated in lambs. While rumen pH and osmotic pressure influenced rumen volume and outflow they had no significant effect on NAN flow. The mean values for NAN outflow from the rumen and abomasum were 76 and 181 mg N/kg W0.75respectively.5. Abomasal NAN flow increased with increasing abomasal pH. When osmotic pressure was greater than about 330 mosmol/l in the rumen there was a net inflow of water, while below this value there was net loss of water.6. For all experiments the flow of N both from the rumen and abomasum was highly variable; this has to be considered if a constant value is used for endogenous N in estimating dietary N in the abomasum.7. With N-free infusion the rumen NHaconcentration varied from 50 to 120 mg NHa-N/I.8. The amino acid composition of rumen and abomasal N was also determined. Relative to tissue Nit contained a higher proportion of cysteine.

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Hajimohammadi, A., K. Badiei, K. Mostaghni, and M. Pourjafar. "Serum pepsinogen level and abomasal ulcerations in experimental abomasal displacement in sheep." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 7 (August 17, 2010): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3016-vetmed.

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It is believed that serum pepsinogen levels could be useful for diagnosis of abomasal changes in cattle. Diagnosis of abomasal displacement (AD) is made via invasive and non-invasive techniques. None of the extant methods is a reliable indication of mucosal change. The applicability of serum pepsinogen levels for the diagnosis of changes in the mucous membrane of the abomasum in experimentally induced left and right AD in sheep was investigated in fourteen rams. Abomasal fluid samples were taken and the pH was recorded. Twelve sheep underwent induced left and right AD (six for each group). Two sheep underwent exploratory laparatomy alone to assess the effect of surgical stress on the abomasum. Blood samples were taken before surgery, at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th days after surgery and at the time of necropsy and serum pepsinogen levels were measured. After two weeks the animals were slaughtered and abomasal fluid pH and types of abomasal ulcers were recorded. Significant changes in pepsinogen levels in the left displaced abomasums (LDA) group were seen on days 11 and 14 after surgery (P < 0.05). Significant changes in pepsinogen levels in the right displaced abomasum (RDA) group were seen on Days 9, 11 and 14 after surgery (P < 0.05). There was no association among the types of ulcers and the serum pepsinogen levels in AD cases. The pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) after induced AD in both groups. There were no significant changes in serum pepsinogen levels on different days after surgery among ulcerated and non ulcerated cases in both LDA and RDA groups (P < 0.05). Serum pepsinogen levels were significantly higher in AD groups. There was no association between the types of ulcers and serum pepsinogen levels in AD cases. It seems that the increase in concentration of serum pepsinogen is a good reflection of the damage to the abomasal mucousa due to AD, as was shown by the earlier increase in levels in the course of displacement in the RDA group.

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Silva, Tatiane Vitor da, Jobson Filipe de Paula Cajueiro, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Souto, Carla Lopes de Mendonça, and José Augusto Bastos Afonso. "Compactação primária de abomaso em ovinos – relato de casos." Revista Agraria Academica 3, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v3n62020/96-104/agrariacad.

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This paper describes the clinical, laboratory and anatomopathologic findings of sheep affected by abomasum compaction. Clinically, the presence of a firm structure located in the abomasal region stands out. The hematology and ruminal fluid analyze revealed neutrofilia with regenerative left shift, hyperfibrinogenimia, fauna and flora impairment and chloride concentration of (39,33 mEq/L) respectively. Macroscopically, a distended and compacted abomasum was observed with the presence of type IV ulcers and diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis. These results confirm the severity of the abomasum compaction in small ruminants. Therefore, guidelines related to animal feed management practices, especially in times of drought are necessary to reduce the occurency of this disease.

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Gregory, P. C., S. J. Miller, and A. C. Brewer. "The relation between food intake and abomasal emptying and small intestinal transit time in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 2 (March 1985): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850044.

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1. The relation between the level of food intake and gastrointestinal motility and digesta flow in the abomasum and small intestine was studied in sheep fitted with nichrome-wire electrodes in the gut wall, an abomasal and a duodenal catheter and a terminal ileal cannula.2. Abomasal volume and outflow were calculated from CrEDTA dilution in six sheep and small intestinal transit time by the passage of Phenol Red in ten sheep.3. The frequency of the migrating myoelectric complex of the small intestine was not altered by the level of food intake but the duration of the periods of irregular spiking activity, the amplitude of abomasal activity and the frequency of duodenal rushes were decreased as the level of food intake was decreased.4. There was a linear relation between the level of food intake (FI) and abomasal outflow (mean with SEM: 327 (69) ml/h for each kg FI/d; P < 0.01), and abomasal volume (mean with SEM: 344 (50) ml/kg FI per d; P < 0.001), without any significant change in the half-time of marker dilution in the abomasum. Small intestinal transit time decreased with an increase in food intake (mean with SEM: - 54.9 (5.6) min/kg FI per d; P < 0.001).5.It is concluded that abomasal volume and the rate of digesta flow from the abomasum and along the small intestine are linearly related to the level of food intake.

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Batista, E. D., E. Detmann, D. I. Gomes, L. M. A. Rufino, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, M. O. Franco, C. B. Sampaio, and W. L. S. Reis. "Effect of protein supplementation in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilisation in cattle fed high-quality tropical forage." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15736.

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Effects of differing proportions of ruminal and abomasal protein infusion on intake, digestion, ruminal dynamics and the metabolic parameters of nitrogen (N) compounds were evaluated in beef bulls fed high-quality tropical forage (98.6 g crude protein, CP/kg dry matter) for ad libitum intake. Four Nelore bulls (280 ± 10 kg bodyweight) fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were studied in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments included: Control (no supplement) or 230 g/day of supplemental CP (as casein), with ratios of abomasal : ruminal infusion of 0 : 100, 50 : 50 or 100 : 0. Organic matter intake was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.30), though N intake increased by supplementation (P < 0.001). Total CP and organic matter digestibility were increased (P < 0.02) by protein supplementation. Nitrogen balance was 43% greater (P < 0.02) in the treatments with supplementation. Although supplementation did not affect (P = 0.98) the efficiency of absorbed N, a tendency towards a positive linear effect (P = 0.08) was observed when modifying the site of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. Supplementation increased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia-N, serum urea-N, urinary N and urea-N excretion, which subsequently decreased linearly (P < 0.01) by the displacement of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. The results indicate that protein supplementation, either in the rumen or abomasum produces similar effects on N retention. However, the metabolic mechanisms responsible for the improved N retention appear to differ between supplementation sites. Additionally, the efficiency of N utilisation increases with infusion of protein into the abomasum.

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Oliveira, Cristhiane V. R. de, Tadeu E. Silva, Erick D. Batista, Luciana N. Rennó, Fabyano F. Silva, Isabela P. C. de Carvalho, Javier Martín-Tereso, and Edenio Detmann. "Urea supplementation in rumen and post-rumen for cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 11 (June 25, 2020): 1166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520002251.

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AbstractWe evaluated the differences between the supplementation of urea in rumen and/or abomasum on forage digestion, N metabolism and urea kinetics in cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage. Five Nellore heifers were fitted with rumen and abomasum fistulas and assigned to a Latin square design. The treatments were control, continuous infusion of urea in the abomasum (AC), continuous infusion of urea in the rumen, a pulse dose of urea in the rumen every 12 h (PR) and a combination of PR and AC. The control exhibited the lowest (P < 0·10) faecal and urinary N losses, which were, overall, increased by supplementation. The highest urinary N losses (P < 0·10) were observed when urea was either totally or partially supplied as a ruminal pulse dose. The rumen N balance was negative for the control and when urea was totally supplied in the abomasum. The greatest microbial N production (P < 0·10) was obtained when urea was partially or totally supplied in the abomasum. Urea supplementation increased (P < 0·10) the amount of urea recycled to the gastrointestinal tract and the amount of urea-N returned to the ornithine cycle. The greatest (P < 0·10) amounts of urea-N used for anabolism were observed when urea was totally and continuously infused in the abomasum. The continuous abomasal infusion also resulted in the highest (P < 0·10) assimilation of microbial N from recycling. The continuous releasing of urea throughout day either in the rumen or abomasum is able to improve N accretion in the animal body, despite mechanism responsible for that being different.

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Ismail, Zuhair Bani, and Faisal Omoush. "Abomasal displacement in neonatal dairy calves: Review of recent literature with special emphasis on abomasal torsion." July-2019 12, no. 7 (July 2019): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1121-1125.

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Aim: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological and necropsy findings in neonatal dairy calves affected with right torsion of the abomasum. Materials and Methods: The history and findings of clinical examination, hematology and serum biochemical analyses and necropsy were described in six neonatal Holstein calves with a confirmed diagnosis of right torsion of the abomasum. Furthermore, a review of the literature was carried out using internet search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar concerning abomasal displacement in calves. Only published papers in scientific and refereed journals were reviewed. Results: Six neonatal Holstein calves (four females and two males) aged between 7 and 21 days were diagnosed with right torsion of the abomasum during necropsy. The calves were presented with peracute signs of anorexia, dehydration, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. Hematology and serum biochemical analyses revealed hemoconcentration and azotemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia. Conclusion: Abomasal torsion in neonatal calves must be placed on the deferential diagnostic list of calves suffering from peracute signs of abdominal pain and distension. Although the underlying etiopathological factors are not fully known, correction of nutritional mismanagement is required to prevent the condition.

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Gagnon, Nathalie, Cristiano Côrtes, Daniele da Silva, Ricardo Kazama, Chaouki Benchaar, Geraldo dos Santos, Lucia Zeoula, and Hélène V. Petit. "Ruminal metabolism of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) lignans to the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its concentration in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 7 (April 27, 2009): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509344104.

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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is the main flax (Linum usitatissimum) lignan that is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL) by gastrointestinal microbiota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of ruminal microbiota and the effects of flax oil onin vivometabolism of flax lignans and concentration of EL in biological fluids. Four rumen-cannulated dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments utilising flax hulls (1800 g/d) and oil (400 g/d) supplements. The treatments were: (1) oil and hulls administered in the rumen and abomasal infusion of water; (2) oil and hulls administered in the abomasum; (3) oil infused in the abomasum and hulls placed in the rumen; (4) oil placed in the rumen and hulls administered in the abomasum. Samples were collected during the last week of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. The site of supplementation of oil and hulls had no effect on ruminal EL concentration. Supplementing flax oil in the rumen and the abomasum led to similar EL concentrations in urine, plasma and milk. Concentrations of EL were higher in the urine, plasma and milk of cows supplemented with hulls in the rumen than in those placed with hulls in the abomasum. The present study demonstrated that ruminal microbiota play an important role in the metabolism of flax lignans.

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Antanaitis, R., V. Žilaitis, V. Juozaitiene, and R. Stoškus. "Usefulness of Acidity and Temperature of the Rumen and Abomasum in Diagnosing SARA in Dairy Cows after Calving." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0069.

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Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the acidity and temperature of the contents of the reticulorumen and abomasum in the first 10 days after calving and to evaluate these factors as predictive traits for the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis. The acidity and temperature of the contents of the reticulorumen and abomasum were measured using specific smaXtec boluses manufactured for animal care. According to the directions of the manufacturer, the boluses were inserted into the reticulorumen of the cows researched with the help of a specific tool. The boluses were inserted into the abomasa by way of surgery, laparotomy and abomasotomy through the right flank. The readings of 7 cows were taken on a total of 10 days, twice a day (at 9 a.m. and at 9 p.m.). In total, 140 measurements were taken. The acidity of the reticulorumen is associated with the acidity of the abomasum. The acidity of the rumen increases, if the acidity of the reticulorumen increases also. A negative correlation was observed between the pH of the contents of the abomasum and this temperature. The increase in the acidity (decrease of pH) of the contents of the reticulorumen increases its temperature and also increases the temperature of the contents of the abomasum. There is a positive statistically significant dependence between the reticulorumen content temperature and the rectal temperature. Through measurement of the ruminoreticular temperature, it is possible to predict the health status of a cow’s stomach in regard to acidosis.

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Zegyer, Esraa Abdul Khaliq, Basim Abdullah Al Khuzaee, and Ahmed Mahdi Al Badri. "Detection of esophageal and glandular stomach calcification in cow (Bos taurus)." June-2020 13, no. 6 (2020): 1153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1153-1158.

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Aim: The aims of this study were first to estimate calcification in the esophagus and abomasum of cows and second to quantify its appearance with increasing age using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Materials and Methods: Esophageal and abomasal samples from 24 healthy cows (Bos taurus) were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin, alizarin red, and von Kossa stains were used for histopathological analysis. Histopathological changes were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining, followed by digital image analysis. Results: Histological findings revealed the esophagus and abomasum wall comprised four fundamental layers, the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia. At 1 year old, calcification was beginning to appear as fine diffused points in mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis of both esophagus and abomasum, appearing as small spots at 2 years old. With advancing age in all animals, this calcification began to appear as medium spots spread throughout all wall layers of these organs at 3 years old. By 4 years old, calcification had evolved into large dark foci spread substantially throughout the tunica submucosa and tunica muscularis. Immunohistochemical results exhibited positive immunoreaction to calcium salts in the esophagus and abomasum layers in all animals, which increased with age. Conclusion: The current study concluded that calcification is a pathological event appearing spontaneously in various types of soft tissue, significantly increasing with age, either because of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia or secondary to other diseases.

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Sangild, PT, BR Westrom, M. Silver, and AL Fowden. "Maturational effects of cortisol on the exocrine abomasum and pancreas in fetal sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 3 (1995): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950655.

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The role of cortisol in the prenatal development of digestive enzymes in the abomasum (prochymosin and pepsinogen) and pancreas (amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin) has been investigated in the fetal lamb during late gestation. The abomasum and pancreas were collected from 22 unoperated control fetuses (99-145 days gestation; term, 145 +/- 2 days), from seven pairs of twins infused with either saline or cortisol for five days preceding delivery at 127-133 days, and from four 139-143-day-old fetuses adrenalectomized at 120-123 days. Developmental increases (2-8-fold) occurred in protease concentrations in the fetal abomasum and in amylase and chymotrypsin contents in the fetal pancreas. These increases paralleled the normal prepartum rise in fetal plasma cortisol. In addition, the enzyme values were significantly higher in cortisol-infused than in saline-infused fetuses (with the exception of pancreatic amylase) and were significantly lower in adrenalectomized fetuses than in control fetuses at term. The pH of abomasal fluid remained neutral (pH 6.8-8.0) during late gestation and was not affected by cortisol treatment or adrenalectomy. The results suggest that cortisol stimulates the development of the exocrine abomasum and pancreas in fetal sheep and may, thereby, increase the digestive capacity in neonatal lambs. Compared with the pig, another long-gestation species, the sheep has an early development of gastric pepsinogen but a late development of gastric acidity and pancreatic protease activities.

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Wittek, Thomas, Peter D. Constable, and Manfred Furll. "Comparison of abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume and perfusion of the abomasum in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus." American Journal of Veterinary Research 65, no. 5 (May 2004): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.597.

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Nuruzzaman, M., M. H. Haque, S. Sarker, and N. Begum. "Abomasal Nematodes in Goats Slaughtered at Different Abattoir of Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2012): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7475.

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A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, species composition and worm burden of abomasal nematodes of goats slaughtered at different abattoir of Thakurgaon district from November 2009 to April 2010. During the study period, 250 abomasum of goats were examined according to standard procedures. Two species of nematodes were identified in goats abomasum with an overall prevalence of 74.00% (n = 250). The specific prevalence rate for Haemonchus contortus (58.00%) was higher than Trichostrongylus axie (16.00%). In this study, prevalence of abomasal nematodes in relation to age, sex, breed and nutritional status of the goats were also observed. There was no statistically significant difference observed the risk factor sex in relation to the prevalence of abomasal nematodes. However, there was statistically significant difference (p < .001) observed among the risk factors (age, breed and nutritional status) in relation to the prevalence and worm count of two abomasal nematodes. In general, a high infection rate with abomasal nematodes was observed in goats during the study period. Findings suggested that higher worm burden per animal found in Haemochus contortus (6.02±0.0928) and lower in Trichostrongylus axie (0.04±0.14). From this study it was concluded that Haemochus contortus is more susceptible for geo-climatic condition in research area. Keywords: Abomasal nematodes; Prevalence; Goats; Thakurgaon. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7475 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 491-497 (2012)

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De Felice, Elena, Daniela Giaquinto, Sara Damiano, Angela Salzano, Simona Fabroni, Roberto Ciarcia, Paola Scocco, Paolo de Girolamo, and Livia D’Angelo. "Distinct Pattern of NPY in Gastro–Entero–Pancreatic System of Goat Kids Fed with a New Standardized Red Orange and Lemon Extract (RLE)." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020449.

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The use of natural compounds as feed additive is also increasing in farm animals, thanks to the beneficial effect on both animals and consumers health. Here, we questioned whether natural extracts, such as red orange and lemon extract (RLE) rich in flavanones, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols, used as feed additives could display an effect on the neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the gastro–entero–pancreatic tract of goat kids. NPY is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in mammals, known for its orexigenic role although it is involved in many central and peripheral functions. We carried out immunohistochemical analyses on samples of abomasum, duodenum and pancreas collected from two experimental groups: one fed with standard diet and one with standard diet + RLE. For the first time we document NPY distribution in the abomasum, duodenum and pancreas of goats and observe the highest number of NPY positive cells in neuroendocrine cells of duodenum. Remarkably, upon RLE feed supplementation, NPY immunoreactive cells increased significantly in abomasal epithelium and pancreatic islets but not in duodenum, likely due to pH variation of abomasum and duodenum. Our observations represent a baseline for future studies on the interaction between neuropeptides and polyphenols, used as feed additive.

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SARASHINA, Takao, Shigeru ICHIJO, Junichi TAKAHASHI, and Satoshi OSAME. "Origin of abomasum gas in the cows with displaced abomasum." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 52, no. 2 (1990): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.52.371.

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Perotta, João H., Júlio A. N. Lisbôa, Priscila F. V. Pereira, Rüdiger D. Ollhoff, Nilton Vieira, Karina K. M. C. Faliban, and Ivan R. Barros Filho. "Fractional excretion of electrolytes and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 5 (May 2018): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5403.

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ABSTRACT: The fractional excretion of electrolytes is used to assess renal function and interpret electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Left displaced abomasum is a common disorder in dairy cows, which causes hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. There is limited information on fractional excretion of electrolytes in cows with displaced abomasum. This study aimed to measure the fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. Blood and urine samples were collected from 30 dairy cows before and 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The cows were divided into two groups (G1: laparoscopy and G2: laparotomy) with 15 cows each. The concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium, and creatinine were measured in serum and urine. Urinary pH and packed cell volume were measured. Fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and urinary strong ion difference [SID]urine were calculated using published formulas. Cows in both groups showed hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis before surgery; however, hypochloremia was observed only in G2. Potassium concentration significantly increased 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery in G1 and 48 and 72 h after surgery in G2. There were no significant changes in fractional excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium and urinary pH and [SID]urine between treatments and time points. Paradoxical aciduria was observed before and 24 h following surgery in G1. Fractional excretion and urinary SID are valuable tools to understand hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis in dairy cows with displaced abomasum, as well as paradoxical aciduria and return of abomasal flux.

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KELLY, J. M., R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON, and R. J. EARLY. "APPARENT DIGESTIBILTY OF AMINO ACIDS AND OTHER NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF WETHERS EXPOSED TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-106.

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Digestion studies were conducted with eight shorn yearling Suffolk wethers to assess the effects of environmental temperature on intestinal digestion of nonammonia nitrogen (NAN) and amino acid N. The wethers were cannulated in the rumen, abomasum, and terminal ileum and subsequently chronically exposed to either cold (0–2 °C) or warm (21–25 °C) temperatures in a crossover experiment. Sheep were fed a diet of chopped bromegrass hay and digesta flows through the abomasum and terminal ileum were estimated by reference to 103ruthenium-phenanthroline and 51chromium-EDTA. Microbial N contributions to total N in abomasal digesta were estimated with 35sulphur. During cold exposure, mean rumen ammonia concentration was reduced (P < 0.01) by 20%, while net appearance of NAN across the forestomach increased from 2.7 to 7.3 g d−1 (P < 0.05) resulting in a 14% increase in flow of NAN from the abomasum. The latter was associated with a 63% increase in flow of undegraded feed N (P < 0.05) and a nonsignificant decrease in microbial NAN. There was a small increase in flow of most amino acids from the abomasum due to cold exposure, with significant effects for lysine, histidine and tyrosine (P < 0.05). Disappearances of lysine (P < 0.05) and tyrosine (P < 0.005) in the small intestine were increased by the cold environment. Cold exposure increased small intestinal digestion of amino acid N relative to digestible organic matter intake (P < 0.08) suggesting maintenance of amino acid supply relative to that of energy in a cold environment. Key words: Amino acids, digestion, small intestine, sheep, cold environment

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Starič, Jože, Halil Selcuk Biricik, Gurbuz Aksoy, and Tomaž Zadnik. "Surgical Treatment of Displaced Abomasum in Cattle Using Ljubljana Method." Acta Veterinaria Brno 79, no. 3 (2010): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079030469.

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Displacement of the abomasum (DA) is an increasingly common disease in dairy cattle in intensive production. This study presents surgical treatment of DA using Ljubljana method in years 2005 and 2006. Slovenian Black and White dairy cows (n = 30) with left DA in 19 cows, right DA in four cows, anterior DA in two cows and abomasal volvulus in five cows were used. The surgical treatment was successful in 28 cows, 2 had to be euthanized due to complications associated with left DA and abomasal volvulus. One month after the surgery all 28 cows were productive. Omentopexy using Ljubljana method can be used as a clinical procedure as well as procedure performed in ambulatory practice.

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Côrtes, Cristiano, Ricardo Kazama, Daniele da Silva-Kazama, Chaouki Benchaar, Lucia M. Zeoula, Geraldo TD Santos, and Hélène V. Petit. "Digestion, milk production and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows fed flax hulls and infused with flax oil in the abomasum." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 3 (July 21, 2011): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000446.

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Flax hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n-3 fatty acids (FA) but there is little information on digestion of flax hull based diets and nutritive value of flax hull for dairy production. Flax oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (LNA) and rumen bypass of flax oil contributes to increase n-3 FA proportions in milk. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to determine the effects of abomasal infusion of increasing amounts of flax oil on apparent digestibility, dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, milk composition, and milk FA profile with emphasis on the proportion of LNA when cows were supplemented or not with another source of LNA such as flax hull. Six multiparous Holstein cows averaging 650±36 kg body weight and 95±20 d in milk were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design (21-d experimental periods) with a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were: 1) control, neither flax hull nor flax oil (CON), 2) diet containing (DM basis) 15·9% flaxseed hull (FHU); 3) CON with abomasal infusion of 250 g/d flax oil; 4) CON with abomasal infusion of 500 g/d flax oil; 5) FHU with abomasal infusion of 250 g/d flax oil; 6) FHU with abomasal infusion of 500 g/d flax oil. Infusion of flax oil in the abomasum resulted in a more pronounce decrease in DM intake for cows fed the CON diets than for those fed the FHU diets. Abomasal infusion of flax oil had little effect on digestibility and FHU supplementation increased digestibility of DM and crude protein. Milk yield was not changed by abomasal infusion of flax oil where it was decreased with FHU supplementation. Cows fed FHU had higher proportions of 18:0, cis9-18:1, trans dienes, trans monoenes and total trans in milk fat than those fed CON. Proportion of LNA was similar in milk fat of cows infused with 250 and 500 g/d flax oil in the abomasum. Independently of the basal diet, abomasal infusion of flax oil resulted in the lowest n-6:n-3 FA ratio in milk fat, suggesting that the most important factor for modification of milk FA profile was the amount of n-3 FA bypassing the rumen and not the amount of flax hull fed to dairy cows. Moreover, these data suggest that there is no advantage to supply more than 250 g/d of flax oil in the abomasum to increase the proportion of LNA in milk fat.

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Ortolani, Enrico Lippi. "Effects of Haemonchus contortus infection on sodium status of sheep." Ciência Rural 30, no. 3 (June 2000): 521–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782000000300026.

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Eight five-month-old male lambs received a diet with marginal levels of sodium (0.5 g Na/kg DM); four lambs were given a single dose of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae (4,600 L3/ head) and four were kept uninfected. The lambs were slaughtered 30 days after the infection. Sodium concentration was determined in the abomasal fluid at the slaughter. The balance between intake and faecal excretion of sodium was evaluated. Saliva was collected at days zero, 20 and 30 to determine the Na:K ratio. The mean total worm burden retrieved was 1390. The infection increased abomasal sodium concentration (p< 0.001) and reduced faecal sodium excretion (p<0.02), but there was not a significant relationship between worm burden and abomasal (p >0.082) or faecal sodium excretion (p>0.5). The higher the abomasum sodium concentration, the lower the faecal sodium excretion (p < 0.001). Apparent digestibility of sodium was similar between infected and uninfected. At the end of the experiment a slight decrease in the salivary Na:K ratio was observed, in animals of both groups, caused mostly by diet rather than the parasitism. It was concluded that although H. contortus infection increased the loss of sodium into the abomasum there was a greater compensatory intestinal absorption to prevent a significant change in the sodium status of sheep.

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Abramson, S. M., I. Bruckental, S. Zamwel, and A. Arieli. "Effect of abomasally infused casein on post-ruminal digestibility of total non-structural carbohydrates and milk yield and composition in dairy cows." Animal Science 74, no. 2 (April 2002): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052504.

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AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of abomasal infusion of casein on post-ruminal digestibility of starch and on milk yield and composition. Six multiparous Israeli Holstein cows in mid lactation, fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas, were used in a 3 ✕ 3 Latin-square experiment. Each cow received 1600 g maize starch infused into the abomasum. Treatments were: abomasal infusion of sodium caseinate at 0, 350, or 700 g casein daily. Chromium mordant neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) was used as a digesta marker. Casein infusion was associated with increases in post-ruminal and total-tract digestibility of non-structural carbohydrates and protein. Concentrations of rumen ammonia and of plasma insulin, glucose and urea were higher in casein-infused cows. Concentrations of milk protein and lactose and milk protein yield increased with casein infusion. Results indicate that increased protein flow to the abomasum can improve the yield of milk constituents in dairy cows. Digestibility and yield responses to infusion of 350 g casein per day were similar to those at 700 g/day. There was a tendency toward reduced milk protein efficiency in casein-infused cows. It is suggested that part of the production response can be related to a direct effect of protein supply and the rest can be explained by the indirect effect of improved carbohydrate availability in the small intestine.

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Leite Filho, Ronaldo Viana, Matheus Viezzer Bianchi, Gabriela Fredo, Eduardo Conceição de Oliveira, Cláudio João Mourão Laisse, David Driemeier, and Saulo Petinatti Pavarini. "Emphysematous abomasitis in a lamb by bacteria of the Sarcina genus in Southern Brazil." Ciência Rural 46, no. 2 (October 9, 2015): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151078.

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ABSTRACT: Abomasal bloat associated with Sarcina genus bacteria is a rare condition reported in young ruminants. An outbreak characterized by the sudden death of eight lambs from a total of 80 lambs (30 days-old) occurred on a property located in the city of Palmares do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Deaths began to occur after the introduction of supplementation into the diet of lambs. At necropsy, the abomasum was distended by gas and had diffusely thickened walls and emphysema. On microscopic examination, the abomasum showed marked diffuse emphysema and multifocal areas of mild superficial necrosis with many coccoid structures measuring approximately 2µm in diameter, arranged in tetrads, compatible with Sarcina genus bacteria. After removing supplementation from the diet, no more deaths occurred. The diagnosis of this case was established by gross and microscopic lesions in addition to the clinical and epidemiological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that it was an outbreak of emphysematous abomasitis by Sarcina genus bacteria in lambs.

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Niehaus, Andrew J. "Surgery of the Abomasum." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 24, no. 2 (July 2008): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.02.012.

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Nicholls, C. D., D. L. Lee, and M. J. Sharpe. "Scanning electron microscopy of biopsy specimens removed by a colonoscope from the abomasum of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus." Parasitology 90, no. 2 (April 1985): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000051052.

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The abomasum of living sheep infected with 50000 larvae of Haemonchus contortus was examined before and during infection, by means of fibre optic endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were removed from the abomasum of the living sheep and were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. Changes were noted in the surface structure of the abomasum 2 days after infection and larvae were seen on, and burrowing into, the mucosa. These changes became more pronounced as the infection proceeded, especially after day 10 of the infection when the adult worms had appeared. The behaviour of adult nematodes was observed within the abomasum and on occasions they were seen to move from surrounding areas into an area of haemorrhage, caused by removal of a biopsy specimen. Individual nematodes were removed from the abomasum by means of the biopsy forceps. Fibre optic endoscopy was shown to be a useful tool in the study of parasitic nematodes in vivo.

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Danilov, Andrey, Andrey Danilov, Bayana Bazhenova, Bayana Bazhenova, Michail Danilov, Michail Danilov, Alexandr Gerasimov, and Alexandr Gerasimov. "Study of lysate activity to modificate collagene raw materials to use in sausage mixture." Foods and Raw Materials 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-256-263.

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In the current conditions of import substitution, the effective use of secondary raw materials in the meat industry is a relevant issue. A significant source of animal proteins is by-products, the yield of which is about 10% of livestock weight. Some by-products, including beef rumen, contain collagen-containing tissues which require modification for tenderization and deodorization. In order to modify rumen tissues, the biotechnological method of treatment with an enzyme solution, lysate, obtained from a whole bovine abomasum was preferred to the known method where enzyme solution is prepared from an abomasal mucosa. The purpose of this project was to study the activity of lysate from a whole bovine abomasum for the modification of rumen tissue to use it in cooked sausage formulations. We have suggested the method of obtaining enzyme solution based on infusing the minced abomasum in a reaction mixture – water, chlorohydric acid, and sodium tripolyphosphate – followed by filtering. The dependence of proteolytic and collagenase activities of the solution obtained from phosphate dose introduced have been studied; it have been revealed that 1.5% of tripolyphosphate is the optimal dose for efficient extraction of enzymes from the whole abomasum. Besides, an effect of the enzyme solution on functional and technological properties of a heat-treated rumen has been studied, and the improvement of hydro- and lipophilic characteristics has been revealed. Paste with modified rumen has been developed and found that the maximum possible dose of rumen for use in cooked sausage from horsemeat is 15%. The color on the cut of sausage developed was identical to that of beef sausage. Thus, paste made on the basis of modified rumen contributes to the formation of functional and technological properties, the stabilization of the color characteristics of the final product, as well as the effective use of basic meat raw materials and the expansion of the range of economy class high-protein sausage production.

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AL-Dahar, Anas H. H. "A Prevalence of abomasal worms in sheep in AL-Kut province abattoir." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 39, no. 2 (December 24, 2015): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i2.175.

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This study is carried out to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of slaughtered sheep in AL-Kut province from the beginning of October 2013 to the March 2014. A total of 450 abomasum from sheep with different ages and sexes were collected and examined for nematodes detection. The results showed that 311 samples of examined sheep abomasal were infected with Haemonchus contortus. Ostertigia spp. and Parabronema skrjabini and the highest level of prevalence was showed in December (100%) and lowest level was recorded in March (43.47%) and the percentage of infected in young animals (92.35%) compared with adults while the females revealed a high prevalence (75.37%) as compared with males (66.5%). In conclusion, there was a significant effects for the month's ages and sexes on the prevalence of abomasal nematodes parasites.

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Braun, U., and B. Feller. "Ultrasonographic findings in cows with right displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus." Veterinary Record 162, no. 10 (March 8, 2008): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.10.311.

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30

Grosche, A., M. Fürll, and T. Wittek. "Peritoneal fluid analysis in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus." Veterinary Record 170, no. 16 (March 1, 2012): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.100381.

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SHIKAWA, TAKAAKI, SHIGERU ICHIJO, and SATOSHI OSAME. "Clinicobiochemical Findings of Blood, Ruminal and Abomasal Fluids in Cows with Displaced Abomasum." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 40, no. 5 (1987): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.40.324.

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32

Kašná, Eva, Petr Fleischer, Ludmila Zavadilová, and Soňa Šlosárková. "Genetic Evaluation of Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders and Displaced Abomasum in Czech Holstein Cows." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 4 (2019): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967040939.

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We estimated the genetic parameters of the most frequent reproductive and metabolic disorders as recorded on‑line by 55 milk producers in Czech Holstein cows in the Diary of Diseases and Treatments. The dataset covered the period from July 2015 to May 2019. The coefficients of heritability were estimated for retained placenta (h2 = 0.01), metritis (h2 = 0.04), endometritis (h2 = 0.03), cystic ovary disease (h2 = 0.03), parturient paresis (h2 = 0.01), ketosis (h2 = 0.01) and displaced abomasum (h2 = 0.03). Positive genetic correlations different from 0 were estimated between parturient paresis and displaced abomasum (rg1g2 = 0.75), retained placenta and metritis (rg1g2 = 0.61), displaced abomasum and endometritis (rg1g22 = 0.49), metritis and endometritis (rg1g2 = 0.45), and metritis and displaced abomasum (rg1g2 = 0.41). Because each farmer recorded a slightly different portfolio of health data, the genetic correlations with metabolic disorders couldn’t be estimated in most cases, since the number of observations was not sufficient.

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Trent, Ava M. "Surgery of the Bovine Abomasum." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 6, no. 2 (July 1990): 399–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30868-9.

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Benedictus, G. "Left displacement of the abomasum." Veterinary Record 123, no. 22 (November 26, 1988): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.123.22.583-a.

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35

Oliveira-Sequeira, T. C. G., A. F. T. Amarante, and J. L. Sequeira. "Parasitological characteristics and tissue response in the abomasum of sheep infected with Haemonchus spp." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 52, no. 5 (October 2000): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352000000500007.

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A histopathological study was conducted on the abomasal mucosa of 40 Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with Haemonchus spp. The sheep were allowed to graze on contaminated pastures for 14 days and, after being housed for 28 days, they were slaughtered. Fecal samples were collected for fecal egg counts (FEC) and abomasum samples were obtained for histopathological examination and eosinophil, mast cell and globule leucocyte counts. The number of Haemonchus spp. present in the abomasum was estimated from a 10% aliquot of its content. The number of eggs per female was estimated for 10 Haemonchus spp. females collected from each animal. The following significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the characteristics analyzed: number of Haemonchus and FEC (r = 0.86), female length and number of eggs per female (r = 0.60), female length and FEC (r = 0.53), number of eosinophils and number of Haemonchus (r = 0.48), number of eosinophils and number of globule leucocytes (r = 0.54), number of mast cells and female length (r = -0.39), and number of mast cells and number of globule leucocyte (r = 0.34). The characteristics that showed the highest correlation with animal load was FEC.

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KELLY, J. M., and R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON. "THE APPARENT DIGESTIBILITIES OF DRY MATTER, ORGANIC MATTER AND NONAMMONIA NITROGEN IN THE FORESTOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, AND LARGE INTESTINE OF WETHERS EXPOSED TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-105.

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Eight shorn yearling Suffolk wethers cannulated in the rumen, abomasum, and terminal ileum were exposed to temperatures of 0 to + 2 °C or 21–25 °C in a crossover experiment to determine effects on the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and nonammonia nitrogen (NAN) in the forestomach and small intestine. Animals were housed in metabolic crates and fed 1600 g d−1 chopped bromegrass hay. After 30 d acclimation, feed, ruminal, abomasal, terminal ileal and fecal samples were acquired for the determination of DM, OM, cell wall constituents (CWC), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NAN. Rumen volatile fatty acid composition was also determined. Digesta flows at the abomasum and terminal ileum were estimated from the dilution of 103ruthenium-phenanthroline and 51chromium-EDTA during continuous infusion of these markers into the rumen. Dry matter (P < 0.10), OM (P < 0.05) and NAN (P < 0.05) flows to the abomasum were increased during cold exposure. The apparent digestibilities of DM (P < 0.10), OM (P < 0.05) and NAN (P < 0.05) in the rumen were decreased during cold exposure but the apparent digestibilities of these components did not change in the small intestine. Consequently, during cold exposure the proportion of OM and NAN digested in the small intestine relative to OM digested in the entire gastrointestinal tract was increased. Total ruminal VF A concentration was not affected by temperature; however, the molar proportion of acetate declined (P < 0.05) and that of propionate increased (P < 0.01). This, together with a greater proportion of the digestion taking place in the small intestine, may improve the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy and partly compensate for the decreased ruminal digestion of OM during cold exposure. Key words: Organic matter, nitrogen, digestion, sheep, cold environment

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Ritchey, J. W., C. Marshall, C. David, and T. T. Brown. "Mucinous Adenocarcinoma in the Abomasum of a Cow." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 4 (July 1996): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300418.

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A cow with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the abomasum presented to the teaching hospital with a markedly distended abdomen from which 80 liters of fluid was drained during trocharization. An exploratory laparotomy allowed removal of an additional 80 liters of fluid from the peritoneal cavity and revealed a diffusely thickened parietal peritoneum and a palpable cranial abdominal mass. The cow was euthanatized. At necropsy, the abomasum was diffusely thickened and firm. The peritoneal and pleural surfaces were covered with numerous coalescing, firm white nodules. Microscopically, the thickened abomasum was multifocally effaced by aggregates, cords, and acini of neoplastic cells separated by amphophilic, foamy to wispy periodic acid-Schiff- and alcian blue-positive material. Cell boundaries were indistinct and large, clear, colorless intracytoplasmic vacuoles were common.

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Beck, D. C., Honglin Jiang, and Liqing Zhang. "Elucidating the Evolutionary Relationships among Bos taurus Digestive Organs Using Unigene Expression Data." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2009 (February 8, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2009/803142.

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Although the nature of ruminant evolution is still disputed, current theory based on physiology and genetic analysis suggests that the abomasum is the evolutionarily oldest stomach compartment, the rumen evolved some time after the abomasum, and the omasum is the evolutionarily youngest stomach compartment. In addition, there is some evidence of relaxed selective constraint in the stomach-like organ and the foregut shortly after the foregut formation event. Along with the assumption of a mean, stochastic rate of evolution, analysis of differences in genetic profiles among digestive body organs can give clues to the relationships among these organs. The presence of large numbers of uniquely expressed entries in the abomasum and rumen indicates either a period of relaxed selective constraint or greater evolutionary age. Additionally, differences in expression profiles indicate that the abomasum, rumen, and intestine are more closely related to each other, while the reticulum and omasum are more closely related to the rumen. Functional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) categories also supports the proposed evolutionary relationships by identifying shared functions, such as muscle activity and development, lipid transport, and urea metabolism, between all sections of the digestive tract investigated.

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Christodoulopoulos, G. "Salivary abomasum disease in young lambs." Veterinary Record 162, no. 22 (May 31, 2008): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.22.732.

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Scott, I., A. Pernthaner, and HV Simpson. "Micro-parasites of the ruminant abomasum." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 55, no. 1 (February 2007): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2007.36738.

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Nelson, D. R., G. C. Petersen, J. C. Huhn, and W. A. Olson. "Electromyography of the Reticulum, Abomasum and Duodenum in Dairy Cows with Left Displacement of the Abomasum." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 42, no. 1-10 (February 12, 1995): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1995.tb00384.x.

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Corrêa, Rodrigo Romero, Luis Cláudio Lopes Correia da Silva, Julio David Spagnolo, Leonardo Maggio de Castro, Felipe Silveira Rego Monteiro de Andrade, Natalia Franco de Oliveira e. Oliveira, Aline Magalhães Ambrósio, and André Luis do Valle de Zoppa. "Evaluation of Ventral Laparoscopic Abomasopexy Using Surgical Staples Associated with Suture Material in Dairy Cattle." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81834.

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Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.Discussion: Abomasopexy through laparoscopy is a safe technique, especially when compared with other invasive methods of abomasopexy. However, to perform this type of surgery availability of adequate equipment and a well trained surgical team are required. This study was performed at a surgery room under full anesthesia. In a field situation, the veterinarian can have some difficulties but such adversities must not be considered and impediment for performance of surgery on the field as its performance is possible. Even though surgical clamps were small, they were considered adequate for what was suggested. The applied 0 degree laparoscopic optic presented restrictions for cavity inspection, therefore we believe that an optical lenses with 30 degree angle could facilitate this laparoscopy inspection. To induce greater and more lasting adherence we suggest cauterizing a greater area of the serous membrane of the abomasum. We also suggest not performing this procedure during lactation peak, when fasting and surgery can cause economic losses. Complications associated with this technique could not be avoided. The technique has shown favorable results, but its clinical applicability depends on application on animals subjected to the conditions of a milk production cycle.

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de Lima, Luciano Soares, Geraldo T. D. Santos, Ana Luiza B. Schogor, Francilaine E. de Marchi, Moacir R. de Souza, Nadine W. Santos, Fabio S. Santos, and Hélène V. Petit. "Effect of abomasal or ruminal administration of citrus pulp and soybean oil on milk fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties." Journal of Dairy Research 82, no. 3 (May 25, 2015): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029915000187.

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Soybean oil (SBO) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) and rumen bypass of SBO can contribute to increase the polyunsaturated FA proportion in milk fat. Citrus pulp (CPP) is a source of antioxidants but there is little information on the effects of CP administration on milk properties. This study was performed to determine the role of rumen microorganisms in the transfer of antioxidants from CPP into milk when cows receive SBO as a source of polyunsaturated FA. Four ruminally fistulated lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: (1) SBO administered in the rumen; (2) SBO infused in the abomasum; (3) SBO + CPP administered in the rumen; and (4) SBO + CPP infused in the abomasum. Product and site of administration had no effect on yield of milk components. Concentrations of total polyphenols and flavonoids, reducing power and production of conjugated diene (CD) hydroperoxides in milk were not affected by products, but infusion in the abomasum compared with administration in the rumen increased production of CD. Milk fat FA profile was not affected by products. However, cows infused in the abomasum compared with those administered in the rumen showed lower proportions of short-chain and monounsaturated FA and higher proportions of polyunsaturated, omega 3 and omega 6 FA in milk fat, which resulted in enhanced health-promoting index of milk. Administration of SBO and CPP (0·2 + 1·0 kg/d) in the rumen or the abomasum resulted in similar milk antioxidant properties, thus suggesting that the rumen microbes have little involvement in the metabolism of antioxidants from CPP.

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Bhanugopan, M. S., W. J. Fulkerson, M. Hyde, and D. R. Fraser. "Effect of dietary potassium supplementation on the calcium absorption capacity in the rumen and abomasum and fractional excretion of urinary minerals in sheep." Animal Production Science 55, no. 4 (2015): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12366.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of potassium (K) supplementation on the calcium (Ca) absorption capacity from the rumen and abomasum of sheep. The Ca absorption capacity from the rumen and abomasum of sheep was measured using stable strontium (Sr) as a Ca-analogue tracer method. The sheep, cannulated at either the rumen or abomasum, were randomly allocated to one of two groups (control or K-supplemented) and fed in individual metabolism pens twice daily with a diet comprising oaten hay, lucerne chaff and barley fortified with or without potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The K content of the diet of the K-supplemented animals was 3.1% of dry matter compared with 1.4% for the control animals. The animals were fed their respective diets for a period of 2 weeks. The fractional absorption capacity (FC) of Ca was estimated before, during and after the treatment period. Supplementation with K decreased the FC of Ca in both the rumen and abomasum during treatment and increased the FC of Ca in the abomasum post-treatment. Supplementation with K also increased the fractional excretion of K in the urine, but decreased the fractional excretion of Ca and magnesium (Mg) (P < 0.05), showing that K supplementation significantly affected Ca and Mg metabolism. Results suggest that renal conservation of Ca and Mg is an important mechanism controlling the Ca and Mg pool for vital functions of the body. In times of high demand for these minerals during lactation and pregnancy, high K in the diets may predispose sheep to hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia, which in turn will have a negative impact on productivity and economic returns.

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Williams, A. R., L. J. E. Karlsson, D. G. Palmer, I. H. Williams, P. E. Vercoe, J. C. Greeff, and D. L. Emery. "Increased levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin E2 in gastrointestinal tract mucus are associated with decreased faecal dry matter in Merino rams during nematode infection." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08064.

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Immune-mediated scouring in sheep is a mucosal hypersensitivity response incited by infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in the southern half of Australia and in New Zealand, regions characterised by a Mediterranean, winter-rainfall climate. To gain insights into the underlying mechanism(s), this study investigated the relationship between nematode infection of sheep in pens, faecal dry matter and release of inflammatory mediators in the intestinal tract. Six worm-free, immune rams received a dose of 3000 Trichostrongylus third stage larvae (L3) and 3000 Ostertagia L3 per week for 6 weeks, after which they were euthanased. Three rams acted as uninfected controls. Faecal dry matter was significantly lower in the infected group from the first week of infection until the end of the trial. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin E2 were higher in mucus from both the abomasum and the small intestine of infected rams compared with controls. Within the infected group, concentrations of both mediators were higher in mucus from the small intestine than from the abomasum. There were greater numbers of eosinophilic granulocytes and mucosal mast cells in abomasal and small-intestinal tissue sections from infected rams compared with the controls. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that nematode infection causes an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal mucosa, characterised by increased fluid secretion.

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Weston, RH, JR Lindsay, DW Peter, and DJ Buscall. "Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 14. Comparisons of voluntary feed consumption and various transactions in the alimentary tract between lambs and sheep fed roughage diets." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890625.

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Comparisons were made of the voluntary intake and digestion of diets based on chopped straw, chopped lucerne and ground lucerne by lambs (c. 23 kg body weight) and adult sheep (c. 53 kg), and of feed intake and digestion by larger lambs (c. 35 kg) and adult sheep (c. 53 kg) grazing senescent pasture. With both the chopped and ground diets the lambs (i) had digesta of finer texture, (ii) cleared larger particles (>600 �m sieve) more slowly from the rumen, (iii) cleared organic matter more rapidly from the omasum and caecum + proximal colon, and (iv) performed more rumination bites. With the chopped diets, digestibility and feed intake pcr unit metabolic body weight were similar for lambs and adults but the lambs (i) spent more time eating, (ii) had more digesta in the reticulorumen per unit reticulo-rumen digesta free body weight, (iii) clcarcd organic matter from the abomasum more rapidly, and (iv) had less ash in abomasal digesta (straw-based diet only). With the ground lucerne diet the lambs (i) consumed more feed per unit of metabolic body weight, (ii) regurgitated more rumination boluses and (iii) cleared organic matter more rapidly from the reticulorumen. At pasture, it was estimated that the lambs (i) consumed more feed per unit metabolic body weight, (ii) had more digesta in the reticulo-rumen per unit rcticulo-rumen digesta free body weight, (iii) clearcd organic matter more rapidly from the omasum and abomasum, (iv) tended to have digesta of finer texture and (v) had less ash in abomasal digesta (-64%). The differences between the lambs and adults and their possible implications arc discussed, and it is suggested that with lower-quality roughages the smaller lamb may be placed at a disadvantage, relative to the adult, because of an inability to exhibit a higher feed intake commensurate with its higher maintenance energy need.

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Sedgman, Cynthia A., J. H. B. Roy, and Joanne Thomas. "Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant calf." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 3 (May 1985): 673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850077.

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1. Two experiments of Latin square design, with four Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas at 4–10 d of age, were made to study the effect of giving varying levels of single-cell protein on the abomasal outflow and composition of digesta.2. In Expt 1, diets in which 0,220,440, and 660 g/kg milk protein were replaced by the bacterial protein Pruteen were compared from 14 d of age. In Expt 2, which began at about 61 d of age, a comparison was made of diets in which 0, 220, 440 and 660 g/kg milk protein were replaced by the yeast protein Toprina.3. Collection of abomasal outflow was made for 8 h after feeding for 2 d within each 6 d period of the Latin square design experiment. The amount of diet offered daily was 50 g dry matter/kg body-weight0.75. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), which was used as an indigestible marker, total nitrogen (TN), protein-N (PN), fat, and potassium, sodium and chloride ion outflows were measured together with pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) and chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) activities, pH and titratable acidity.4. In Expt 1 there was little difference in the outflow of liquid digesta between diets and about 0.9 of the dietary PEG was recovered within the 8 h collection period. With increasing amounts of Pruteen in the diet, outflows of TN, PN, fat and Na+ increased, and the pH of digesta increased. However, the volume of 'apparent secretion' into the abomasum (outflow - intake), pepsin activity, chymosin activity, titratable acidity, (outflow of C1--outflow of Na+) as a measure of outflow of HC1, and outflows of K+ and of C1- were reduced. All outflows decreased with the time interval after feeding, except (Cl--Na+) outflow.5. In Expt 2, the same trends as in Expt 1 were apparent, but since one calf had to be slaughtered and the experiment had to be analysed as a randomized block, only PN and K+ outflows and pH were significantly affected by dietary treatment, with K+ outflow increasing, rather than decreasing, with increasing concentration of single- cell protein in the diet.6. Reduced proteolysis in the abomasum, associated with a faster and greater outflow of protein as a result of poor or no coagulation of protein in the abomasum, and a reduction in secretion of enzymes and in acidity may partly explain the poor protein digestibility and growth rate obtained in other experiments when diets containing more than 100 g single-cell protein/kg diet (about 200 g protein/kg total protein) were given to young calves.

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Broekhoven, L. W. van, J. A. R. Davies, and J. H. Geurink. "The metabolism of nitrate and proline in the rumen fluid of a cow and its effect on in vivo formation of N-nitrosoproline." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 37, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v37i2.16646.

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In a balance trial, 2 cows were fed on hay containing nitrate, proline and N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). No in vivo formation of NPRO was found. NPRO in hay was recovered from the urine and the faeces. Nitrite and proline were metabolized for the greater part in the rumen fluid. So, it was estimated that 10 and 20%, respectively, will enter the abomasum. In spite of a favourable pH in the abomasum no formation of NPRO was found. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Samanc, Horea, Danijela Kirovski, Radisa Prodanovic, Ivan Vujanac, and Zeljko Sladojevic. "Blood concentration of proteins, bilirubin and glucose in cows with left displaced abomasum." Veterinarski glasnik 63, no. 3-4 (2009): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0904171s.

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The concentration of total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, and glucose were examined in the blood of healthy cows and those with left displaced abomasum. Significant digressions from physiological values in cows with left displaced abomasum were established in proteinemia (x = 87.92 g/l) and in bilirubinemia (x = 10.29 ?mol/l). Hyperproteinemia indicates chemoconcentration in the diseased animals, which is also indicated in significantly higher concentrations of albumin in the diseased in comparison with the healthy animals (x = 41.94 - 3.5 : 36.89 - 3.95 g/l). The higher values for glucemia in the diseased against the healthy animals (x = 2.628 : 2.203 mmol/l) could indicate disrupted function of B-cells of the endocrine pancreas. This data can come in useful in setting the diagnosis, but it also has no less importance in the determination of the prognosis for the disease. Determining the liver function during the disease should contribute to the better knowledge of its role in the degree of the occurrence of this health disorder, as well as the outcome of the disease itself. This is of particular importance having in mind that displaced abomasum most frequently occurs in the early stage of lactation, when a negative energy balance is already present. This state is conducive to the occurrence of fatty liver, and that is why displaced abomasum can contribute even further to the process of fat accumulation, having in mind that diseased animals consume significantly smaller quantities of feed.

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Gaowa, Naren, Wenli Li, Brianna Murphy, and Madison S. Cox. "The Effects of Artificially Dosed Adult Rumen Contents on Abomasum Transcriptome and Associated Microbial Community Structure in Calves." Genes 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030424.

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This study aimed to investigate the changes in abomasum transcriptome and the associated microbial community structure in young calves with artificially dosed, adult rumen contents. Eight young bull calves were randomly dosed with freshly extracted rumen contents from an adult cow (high efficiency (HE), n = 4), or sterilized rumen content (Con, n = 4). The dosing was administered within 3 days of birth, then at 2, 4, and 6 weeks following the initial dosing. Abomasum tissues were collected immediately after sacrifice at 8 weeks of age. Five genera (Tannerella, Desulfovibrio, Deinococcus, Leptotrichia, and Eubacterium; p < 0.05) showed significant difference in abundance between the treatments. A total of 975 differentially expressed genes were identified (p < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5, mean read-counts > 5). Pathway analysis indicated that up-regulated genes were involved in immune system process and defense response to virus, while the down-regulated genes involved in ion transport, ATP biosynthetic process, and mitochondrial electron transport. Positive correlation (r > 0.7, p < 0.05) was observed between TRPM4 gene and Desulfovibrio, which was significantly higher in the HE group. TRPM4 had a reported role in the immune system process. In conclusion, the dosing of adult rumen contents to calves can alter not only the composition of active microorganisms in the abomasum but also the molecular mechanisms in the abomasum tissue, including reduced protease secretion and decreased hydrochloric acid secretion.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abomasum'

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