Academic literature on the topic 'Abomasum'
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Journal articles on the topic "Abomasum"
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Lee, J. Y., M. R. Lee, J. H. Kim, T. S. Han, S. S. Kang, C. S. Bae, D. H. Kim, G. Kim, and S. H. Choi. "Efficacy of Moxibustion after Rolling Correction in Dairy Cows with Abomasal Displacement." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, no. 01 (January 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x0700462x.
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This study was performed to assess the efficacy of moxibustion after rolling correction in dairy cows with abomasal displacement (AD). The experimental group comprised 86 Holstein cows with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) and right displacement of the abomasum (RDA), with a mean age of 3.8 with AD during a 2-year period. The cows were rolled for correction of AD. After the rolling procedure, moxibustion was conducted on six acupoints once a day during the course of treatment. After repositioning the abomasums, the bilateral points of BL-20, BL-21 and BL-26 were then stimulated. During the follow-up of 1 week, 67 (93.1%) of 72 LDA and 12 (85.7%) of 14 RDA cows were released as cured after moxibustion. In conclusion, moxibustion effectively treats AD following rolling correction in dairy cows.
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Margan, DE. "Stimulation of abomasal flow in sheep with buffer infusions per abomasum and effects of same on certain aspects of intestinal function." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9881121.
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Infusion into the abomasum of sheep of a mixture of volatile fatty acids partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide (VFA salts) markedly increased the rates of flow of liquor and chloride from the abomasum to the small intestine; buffered mineral salts comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and either disodium or dipotassium orthophosphate consistently produced a similar but smaller response. Thcre was little or no effect of the infusions on rumen or omasal outflow. By contrast, infusion of VFA in acid form had no effect on abomasal liquor and chloride flow and the infusion of sodium chloride did not effect liquor flow. The pH of abomasal digesta either decreased slightly or was unchanged when VFA salts wcre infused, but increased with infusion of mineral buffer salts. It is concluded that gastric secretion is markedly affected by the buffering capacity of the digesta entering the abomasum. The VFA entering the abomasum in digesta were estimated to be responsible for the secretion of as much as 60% of the chloride secreted into the organ. High rates of abomasal secretion, induced by intra-abomasal infusion of VFA salts, increased both (i) the amount of digesta in the abomasum and small intestine, (ii) the extent of absorption of calcium and magnesium distal to the omasum, and (iii) absorption from the small intestine of water, chloride and VFA, while decreasing (i) the pH of digesta in some sections of the small intestine and (ii) marker residence time in the proximal half of the small intestine. The rates of flow of both liquor and chloride from the abomasum, together with pH of abomasal digesta, progressively increased with age in animals aged 6, 10 and 30 months; they were still larger in other animals aged 54 months. By contrast, no consistent trends with age were observed with VFA and chloride concentrations in rumen liquor or the flow of metabolites from the rumen. The flow changes are suggested to be the result of changes in gastric juice secretion with age, stimulated at least in part by a corresponding decrease in the rate of absorption of buffering substances in the omasum and/or abomasum.
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Ørskow, E. R., N. A. MacLeod, and D. J. Kyle. "Flow of nitrogen from the rumen and abomasum in cattle and sheep given protein-free nutrients by intragastric infusion." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860103.
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1. Three experiments were conducted to determine the flow of nitrogen through the rumen and abomasum when cows, steers and lambs were totally nourished on volatile fatty acids infused into the rumen.2. In two dairy cows (650–700 kg) and two large steers (370–405 kg) the daily flow of non-ammonia-N (NAN) from the rumen was 50.7 and 58 mg/kg live weight (W)0.75respectively.3. The flows of NAN through the rumen and abomasum in four young steers (240 315 kg) were 85.0 (SE 21.0) and 195 (SE 7.0) mg/kg W0.75respectively.4. In the third experiment the effects of altering rumen pH and osmotic pressure on flow of NAN through the rumen and abomasum were investigated in lambs. While rumen pH and osmotic pressure influenced rumen volume and outflow they had no significant effect on NAN flow. The mean values for NAN outflow from the rumen and abomasum were 76 and 181 mg N/kg W0.75respectively.5. Abomasal NAN flow increased with increasing abomasal pH. When osmotic pressure was greater than about 330 mosmol/l in the rumen there was a net inflow of water, while below this value there was net loss of water.6. For all experiments the flow of N both from the rumen and abomasum was highly variable; this has to be considered if a constant value is used for endogenous N in estimating dietary N in the abomasum.7. With N-free infusion the rumen NHaconcentration varied from 50 to 120 mg NHa-N/I.8. The amino acid composition of rumen and abomasal N was also determined. Relative to tissue Nit contained a higher proportion of cysteine.
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Hajimohammadi, A., K. Badiei, K. Mostaghni, and M. Pourjafar. "Serum pepsinogen level and abomasal ulcerations in experimental abomasal displacement in sheep." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 7 (August 17, 2010): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3016-vetmed.
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It is believed that serum pepsinogen levels could be useful for diagnosis of abomasal changes in cattle. Diagnosis of abomasal displacement (AD) is made via invasive and non-invasive techniques. None of the extant methods is a reliable indication of mucosal change. The applicability of serum pepsinogen levels for the diagnosis of changes in the mucous membrane of the abomasum in experimentally induced left and right AD in sheep was investigated in fourteen rams. Abomasal fluid samples were taken and the pH was recorded. Twelve sheep underwent induced left and right AD (six for each group). Two sheep underwent exploratory laparatomy alone to assess the effect of surgical stress on the abomasum. Blood samples were taken before surgery, at the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup> days after surgery and at the time of necropsy and serum pepsinogen levels were measured. After two weeks the animals were slaughtered and abomasal fluid pH and types of abomasal ulcers were recorded. Significant changes in pepsinogen levels in the left displaced abomasums (LDA) group were seen on days 11 and 14 after surgery (P < 0.05). Significant changes in pepsinogen levels in the right displaced abomasum (RDA) group were seen on Days 9, 11 and 14 after surgery (P < 0.05). There was no association among the types of ulcers and the serum pepsinogen levels in AD cases. The pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) after induced AD in both groups. There were no significant changes in serum pepsinogen levels on different days after surgery among ulcerated and non ulcerated cases in both LDA and RDA groups (P < 0.05). Serum pepsinogen levels were significantly higher in AD groups. There was no association between the types of ulcers and serum pepsinogen levels in AD cases. It seems that the increase in concentration of serum pepsinogen is a good reflection of the damage to the abomasal mucousa due to AD, as was shown by the earlier increase in levels in the course of displacement in the RDA group.
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Silva, Tatiane Vitor da, Jobson Filipe de Paula Cajueiro, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Souto, Carla Lopes de Mendonça, and José Augusto Bastos Afonso. "Compactação primária de abomaso em ovinos – relato de casos." Revista Agraria Academica 3, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v3n62020/96-104/agrariacad.
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This paper describes the clinical, laboratory and anatomopathologic findings of sheep affected by abomasum compaction. Clinically, the presence of a firm structure located in the abomasal region stands out. The hematology and ruminal fluid analyze revealed neutrofilia with regenerative left shift, hyperfibrinogenimia, fauna and flora impairment and chloride concentration of (39,33 mEq/L) respectively. Macroscopically, a distended and compacted abomasum was observed with the presence of type IV ulcers and diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis. These results confirm the severity of the abomasum compaction in small ruminants. Therefore, guidelines related to animal feed management practices, especially in times of drought are necessary to reduce the occurency of this disease.
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Gregory, P. C., S. J. Miller, and A. C. Brewer. "The relation between food intake and abomasal emptying and small intestinal transit time in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 2 (March 1985): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850044.
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1. The relation between the level of food intake and gastrointestinal motility and digesta flow in the abomasum and small intestine was studied in sheep fitted with nichrome-wire electrodes in the gut wall, an abomasal and a duodenal catheter and a terminal ileal cannula.2. Abomasal volume and outflow were calculated from CrEDTA dilution in six sheep and small intestinal transit time by the passage of Phenol Red in ten sheep.3. The frequency of the migrating myoelectric complex of the small intestine was not altered by the level of food intake but the duration of the periods of irregular spiking activity, the amplitude of abomasal activity and the frequency of duodenal rushes were decreased as the level of food intake was decreased.4. There was a linear relation between the level of food intake (FI) and abomasal outflow (mean with SEM: 327 (69) ml/h for each kg FI/d; P < 0.01), and abomasal volume (mean with SEM: 344 (50) ml/kg FI per d; P < 0.001), without any significant change in the half-time of marker dilution in the abomasum. Small intestinal transit time decreased with an increase in food intake (mean with SEM: - 54.9 (5.6) min/kg FI per d; P < 0.001).5.It is concluded that abomasal volume and the rate of digesta flow from the abomasum and along the small intestine are linearly related to the level of food intake.
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Batista, E. D., E. Detmann, D. I. Gomes, L. M. A. Rufino, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, M. O. Franco, C. B. Sampaio, and W. L. S. Reis. "Effect of protein supplementation in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilisation in cattle fed high-quality tropical forage." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15736.
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Effects of differing proportions of ruminal and abomasal protein infusion on intake, digestion, ruminal dynamics and the metabolic parameters of nitrogen (N) compounds were evaluated in beef bulls fed high-quality tropical forage (98.6 g crude protein, CP/kg dry matter) for ad libitum intake. Four Nelore bulls (280 ± 10 kg bodyweight) fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were studied in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments included: Control (no supplement) or 230 g/day of supplemental CP (as casein), with ratios of abomasal : ruminal infusion of 0 : 100, 50 : 50 or 100 : 0. Organic matter intake was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.30), though N intake increased by supplementation (P < 0.001). Total CP and organic matter digestibility were increased (P < 0.02) by protein supplementation. Nitrogen balance was 43% greater (P < 0.02) in the treatments with supplementation. Although supplementation did not affect (P = 0.98) the efficiency of absorbed N, a tendency towards a positive linear effect (P = 0.08) was observed when modifying the site of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. Supplementation increased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia-N, serum urea-N, urinary N and urea-N excretion, which subsequently decreased linearly (P < 0.01) by the displacement of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. The results indicate that protein supplementation, either in the rumen or abomasum produces similar effects on N retention. However, the metabolic mechanisms responsible for the improved N retention appear to differ between supplementation sites. Additionally, the efficiency of N utilisation increases with infusion of protein into the abomasum.
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Oliveira, Cristhiane V. R. de, Tadeu E. Silva, Erick D. Batista, Luciana N. Rennó, Fabyano F. Silva, Isabela P. C. de Carvalho, Javier Martín-Tereso, and Edenio Detmann. "Urea supplementation in rumen and post-rumen for cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 11 (June 25, 2020): 1166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520002251.
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AbstractWe evaluated the differences between the supplementation of urea in rumen and/or abomasum on forage digestion, N metabolism and urea kinetics in cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage. Five Nellore heifers were fitted with rumen and abomasum fistulas and assigned to a Latin square design. The treatments were control, continuous infusion of urea in the abomasum (AC), continuous infusion of urea in the rumen, a pulse dose of urea in the rumen every 12 h (PR) and a combination of PR and AC. The control exhibited the lowest (P < 0·10) faecal and urinary N losses, which were, overall, increased by supplementation. The highest urinary N losses (P < 0·10) were observed when urea was either totally or partially supplied as a ruminal pulse dose. The rumen N balance was negative for the control and when urea was totally supplied in the abomasum. The greatest microbial N production (P < 0·10) was obtained when urea was partially or totally supplied in the abomasum. Urea supplementation increased (P < 0·10) the amount of urea recycled to the gastrointestinal tract and the amount of urea-N returned to the ornithine cycle. The greatest (P < 0·10) amounts of urea-N used for anabolism were observed when urea was totally and continuously infused in the abomasum. The continuous abomasal infusion also resulted in the highest (P < 0·10) assimilation of microbial N from recycling. The continuous releasing of urea throughout day either in the rumen or abomasum is able to improve N accretion in the animal body, despite mechanism responsible for that being different.
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Ismail, Zuhair Bani, and Faisal Omoush. "Abomasal displacement in neonatal dairy calves: Review of recent literature with special emphasis on abomasal torsion." July-2019 12, no. 7 (July 2019): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1121-1125.
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Aim: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological and necropsy findings in neonatal dairy calves affected with right torsion of the abomasum. Materials and Methods: The history and findings of clinical examination, hematology and serum biochemical analyses and necropsy were described in six neonatal Holstein calves with a confirmed diagnosis of right torsion of the abomasum. Furthermore, a review of the literature was carried out using internet search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar concerning abomasal displacement in calves. Only published papers in scientific and refereed journals were reviewed. Results: Six neonatal Holstein calves (four females and two males) aged between 7 and 21 days were diagnosed with right torsion of the abomasum during necropsy. The calves were presented with peracute signs of anorexia, dehydration, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. Hematology and serum biochemical analyses revealed hemoconcentration and azotemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia. Conclusion: Abomasal torsion in neonatal calves must be placed on the deferential diagnostic list of calves suffering from peracute signs of abdominal pain and distension. Although the underlying etiopathological factors are not fully known, correction of nutritional mismanagement is required to prevent the condition.
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Gagnon, Nathalie, Cristiano Côrtes, Daniele da Silva, Ricardo Kazama, Chaouki Benchaar, Geraldo dos Santos, Lucia Zeoula, and Hélène V. Petit. "Ruminal metabolism of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) lignans to the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its concentration in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 7 (April 27, 2009): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509344104.
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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is the main flax (Linum usitatissimum) lignan that is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL) by gastrointestinal microbiota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of ruminal microbiota and the effects of flax oil onin vivometabolism of flax lignans and concentration of EL in biological fluids. Four rumen-cannulated dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments utilising flax hulls (1800 g/d) and oil (400 g/d) supplements. The treatments were: (1) oil and hulls administered in the rumen and abomasal infusion of water; (2) oil and hulls administered in the abomasum; (3) oil infused in the abomasum and hulls placed in the rumen; (4) oil placed in the rumen and hulls administered in the abomasum. Samples were collected during the last week of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. The site of supplementation of oil and hulls had no effect on ruminal EL concentration. Supplementing flax oil in the rumen and the abomasum led to similar EL concentrations in urine, plasma and milk. Concentrations of EL were higher in the urine, plasma and milk of cows supplemented with hulls in the rumen than in those placed with hulls in the abomasum. The present study demonstrated that ruminal microbiota play an important role in the metabolism of flax lignans.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Abomasum"
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Cardoso, Felipe Cardoso de. "Deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda em vacas leiteiras de alta produção: variações no hemograma, indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos e do funcionamento ruminal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10839.
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O deslocamento de abomaso (DA) é uma doença multifatorial relacionada com o manejo alimentar que afeta vacas leiteiras de alta produção principalmente durante o início da lactação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar indicadores bioquímicos de diagnóstico e tratamento no deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda (DAE) em vacas leiteiras na Região do Planalto do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram coletadas de um total de quarenta animais, sendo vinte vacas com DAE e vinte vacas clinicamente sadias utilizadas como grupo controle. Foram coletadas amostras de líquido ruminal, sangue e urina para avaliação do perfil bioquímico, hematológico e ruminal. Os animais com DAE apresentaram menor produção de leite diária (6,72 kg ± 3,85 e 26,86 kg ± 8,36), peso corporal (566,5 kg ± 51,12 e 602,9 kg ± 45,68) e escore condição corporal (2,32 ± 0,4 e 602,9 ± 45,68), quando comparados ao grupo controle.A utilização de fitas reagentes para medição do pH ruminal demonstrou-se eficaz a campo quando comparada com potenciômetro digital. A dinâmica ruminal apresenta-se prejudicada nos animais com DAE como foi evidenciado pelos valores aumentados do tempo de redução de azul de metileno (4,70 min. ± 1,89 e 1,66 min. ± 1,14). Além de apresentarem indicadores de desidratação, os valores de pH da urina, e os valores séricos de lactato, aspartato transaminase e colesterol apresentaram-se como ferramentas auxiliares no prognóstico e tratamento. O tratamento deve consistir em além da correção da afecção, restabelecer a condição hídrica do animal, assim como também, repor a flora ruminal.The displacement of abomasum (DA) is a multifactorial disorder related to feed management affecting high yielding dairy cows mainly during early lactation. This work had the objective to evaluate biochemical profile for diagnose and treatment of left displaced abomasum (LDA) in dairy cows in the Planalto Region of Rio Grande do Sul. The samples were collected from ruminal fluid, blood and urine for the evaluation of biochemical, hematological and ruminal profile. The cows with LDA presented lower values of daily milk production (6,72 kg ± 3,85 and 26,86 kg ± 8,36), body weight (566,5 kg ± 51,12 and 602,9 kg ± 45,68) and corporal condition score (2,32 ± 0,4 and 602,9 ± 45,68). The utilization of reagent strips showed to be functional in the field when compared to a digital phmeter. The ruminal dynamics is much damaged in the cows affected by the LDA, as evidenced by the high values for the blue metilen reduction time (4,70 min. ± 1,89 and 1,66 min. ± 1,14). Besides the presentation of dehydration indicators, the urine pH, and serum lactate, aspartate transaminase and cholesterol presented to be auxiliary tools in the LDA prognoses and treatment. The treatment should consider fluid therapy and reestablish the ruminal dynamics of the cow.
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Miranda, Maria Vivianne Freitas Gomes de. "Desenvolvimento dos pré-estômagos de bezerros mestiços aleitados com leite em pó associado ao soro de queijo em pó." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/825.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of whey powder associated with powdered milk as a substitute for whole milk without breastfeeding until 60 days of age on the development of pre-stomachs, growth and proliferation rate Cellular of the ruminal papillae, as well as an influence of the diets on as chymosin and pepsinogen producing cells of the calf abomasum through the immunohistochemical technique. To that end, 24 crossbred calves with one week of life were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates: LI: whole milk (Control); LP: milk powder; LPS1: 80% milk powder + 20% whey powder; LPS2: 60% milk powder + 40% whey powder cheese. For the methods of dry matter (DM) consumption, measurements of hay consumption and concentrate are made by the supply / surplus method. The animals were slaughtered at 60 days of age. The cavity organs were weighed with contents, and soon thereafter emptied and newer, registering, full and empty weights, respectively. The weight of the stomach and its compartments were determined with absolute values (kg) and relative (%) as a function of the empty body weight (%PCVZ) and as a function of the weight of the whole stomach (%PE). Fragments of approximately one square centimeter (1cm2) of tissues were collected from 4 regions of the world: rumen atrium, dorsal sac, caudate-dorsal blind sac and ventral sac from where they are measured as heights of ruminal papillae. Proliferative activity was evaluated in tissue samples collected by counting Argirophilic Nucléole Organisms (AgNOR). Tissue samples of 1 cm2 of the abomasum were collected for immunohistochemistry. There was no difference for dry matter intake (P> 0.05). As averages obtained for absolute and relative weights as a function of the empty body weight of the digital compartments did not present significant residues (P> 0.05) between the treatments. Regarding the development of non-rumen papillae There were significant (P <0.05) for a height variable in the ventral sac, where animals receiving whole milk had higher averages. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the rate of cell proliferation in ruminal papillae. The percentage of acini with immunoreactive cells to the chymosin and pepsinogen antibodies presented a statistical difference (P <0.05), where the calves that received a 100% whole milk diet presented a mean percentage of marking for upper chymosin (95.11%), Animals that consumed 60% milk powder + 40% whey powder (89.59%)
Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento dos pré-estômagos, o crescimento e a taxa de proliferação celular das papilas ruminais, em bezerros aleitados com sucedâneos (leite em pó e soro de queijo em pó) durante os 60 primeiros dias de vida. Verificar se a dieta pode influenciar as células produtoras de quimosina e pepsinogênio. Para isso, 24 bezerros mestiços com uma semana de vida foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 (quatro) tratamentos e 6 (seis) repetições: LI: leite integral (Controle); LP: leite em pó; LPS1: 80% leite em pó + 20% de soro de queijo em pó; LPS2: 60% leite em pó + 40% de soro de queijo em pó. Para os cálculos de consumo de matéria seca (MS) foram feitas medições diárias de consumo de feno e concentrado pelo método de oferta/sobra. Os animais foram abatidos aos 60 dias de vida. Os órgãos cavitários foram pesados com conteúdo, e logo em seguida, esvaziados e novamente pesados, registrando-se, os pesos cheios e vazios, respectivamente. Foi determinado o peso dos estômagos e de seus compartimentos com valores absolutos (kg) e relativos (%) em função do peso de corpo vazio (% PCVZ) e em função do peso do estômago completo (% PE). Foram retirados fragmentos de aproximadamente um centímetro quadrado (1cm2) de tecidos de 4 regiões do rúmen: átrio ruminal, saco dorsal, saco cego caudo-dorsal e saco ventral de onde foram medidas as alturas das papilas ruminais. A atividade proliferativa foi avaliada em amostras de tecidos retiradas do rúmen por meio da contagem de Regiões Organizadoras de Nucléolos Argirofílicos (AgNOR). Foram coletadas amostras teciduais de 1cm2 do abomaso para a realização da imunohistoquímica. Não houve diferença significativa para o consumo de matéria seca (P>0,05). As médias obtidas para pesos absolutos e relativos em função do peso do corpo vazio dos compartimentos gástricos não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Quanto ao desenvolvimento de papilas no rúmen houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para a variável altura no saco ventral, onde os animais que receberam leite integral possuíram maiores médias. Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para a taxa de proliferação celular nas papilas ruminais. Os percentuais de ácinos contendo células imunorreativas aos anticorpos quimosina e pepsinogênio apresentaram diferença estatística (P<0,05), onde os bezerros que receberam a dieta 100% leite integral, apresentaram média percentual de marcação para quimosina superior (95,11%), aqueles animais que consumiram a dieta 60% leite em pó + 40% de soro de queijo em pó (89,59%)
2017-11-27
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Bentin, Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira. "Expressão gênica de TLR-2, TLR-4, HMGB1 E VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132424.
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Orientador: Juliana Regina PeiróBanca:Lina Maria Wehrle Gomide
Banca: José Paes de Oliveira Filho
Resumo: As úlceras abomasais atingem bovinos de todas as idades e raças em todos os sistemas de produção, gerando perdas econômicas. A úlcera resulta da isquemia, atraindo leucócitos e macrófagos, estimulando fibroblastos, células endoteliais e epiteliais. A proteína do grupo de alta mobilidade 1 (HMGB1) liga-se a diferentes receptores de superfície celular, incluindo Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) e -4 (TLR-4), produzindo citocinas. A presença da HMGB1 causa aumento dos níveis do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), um regulador fundamental da angiogênese. Assim, investigou-se a participação da HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 e VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte. Um total de 150 abomasos de bovinos de corte foi examinado em um abatedouro; 17 amostras da região cárdica foram colhidas. Os tecidos extraídos foram classificados em grupo normal (sem ulceração de mucosa); ulceração de grau 1 (erosões não perfuradas com lesões mínimas da mucosa) e ulceração de grau 2 (erosões não perfuradas combinadas com sangramento moderado da mucosa) e confirmado pela histopatologia. A expressão dos genes nas amostras normais ou ulceradas no abomaso foi avaliada pela RT qPCR. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido por teste de Bonferroni ao nível de p<0,05. Não houve diferença de expressão de HMGB1, de TLR-4 e de VEGF entre os dois tipos de úlceras em relação aos abomasos normais. Úlceras de grau 2 tiveram expressão de TLR-2 superior a úlceras de grau 1. O aumento da expressão de TLR-2 pode estar ass... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Abomasal ulcers affect cattle of all ages and breeds in all production systems, leading to economic losses. The ulcer resulting from tissue ischemia, attracting leukocytes and macrophages, stimulates fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. The protein of high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) binds to different cell surface receptors, including Toll - like - 2 (TLR - 2) and 4 (TLR - 4) resulting in cytokine production. The presence of HMGB1 causes increased levels of vascula r endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis. Thus, it was investigated whether HMGB1, TLR - 2, TLR - 4 and VEGF play a role in abomasal ulcers in beef cattle. A total of 150 abomasums from beef cattle were examined in a slaughterhouse; 17 samples were collected from the cardiac region. The extracted tissues were divided into normal group (without ulceration of the mucosa); type 1 ulcers (unperforated erosions with minimal mucosal injury) and type 2 ulcers (unperforated erosions combined with moderate bleeding of the mucosa) and confirmed by histopathology. Gene expression was evaluated by RT qPCR in samples of normal or ulcerated abomasums. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test at p <0.05. No difference in expression of HMGB1, TLR - 4 and VEGF was detected between the two types of ulcers when compared to normal abomasums. TLR - 2 expression was higher in type 2 ulcers than in type 1 ulcers. Increased TLR - 2 expression might be associated with the maintenance of abomasal healin g, promoting the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and neutrophils
Mestre
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Bentin, Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira [UNESP]. "Expressão gênica de TLR-2, TLR-4, HMGB1 E VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132424.
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As úlceras abomasais atingem bovinos de todas as idades e raças em todos os sistemas de produção, gerando perdas econômicas. A úlcera resulta da isquemia, atraindo leucócitos e macrófagos, estimulando fibroblastos, células endoteliais e epiteliais. A proteína do grupo de alta mobilidade 1 (HMGB1) liga-se a diferentes receptores de superfície celular, incluindo Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) e -4 (TLR-4), produzindo citocinas. A presença da HMGB1 causa aumento dos níveis do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), um regulador fundamental da angiogênese. Assim, investigou-se a participação da HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 e VEGF em úlceras abomasais em bovinos de corte. Um total de 150 abomasos de bovinos de corte foi examinado em um abatedouro; 17 amostras da região cárdica foram colhidas. Os tecidos extraídos foram classificados em grupo normal (sem ulceração de mucosa); ulceração de grau 1 (erosões não perfuradas com lesões mínimas da mucosa) e ulceração de grau 2 (erosões não perfuradas combinadas com sangramento moderado da mucosa) e confirmado pela histopatologia. A expressão dos genes nas amostras normais ou ulceradas no abomaso foi avaliada pela RT qPCR. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido por teste de Bonferroni ao nível de p<0,05. Não houve diferença de expressão de HMGB1, de TLR-4 e de VEGF entre os dois tipos de úlceras em relação aos abomasos normais. Úlceras de grau 2 tiveram expressão de TLR-2 superior a úlceras de grau 1. O aumento da expressão de TLR-2 pode estar associado à manutenção da cicatrização, promovendo a resposta inflamatória, evidenciado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear e neutrófilos.
Abomasal ulcers affect cattle of all ages and breeds in all production systems, leading to economic losses. The ulcer resulting from tissue ischemia, attracting leukocytes and macrophages, stimulates fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. The protein of high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) binds to different cell surface receptors, including Toll-like-2 (TLR-2) and 4 (TLR-4) resulting in cytokine production. The presence of HMGB1 causes increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis. Thus, it was investigated whether HMGB1, TLR-2, TLR-4 and VEGF play a role in abomasal ulcers in beef cattle. A total of 150 abomasums from beef cattle were examined in a slaughterhouse; 17 samples were collected from the cardiac region. The extracted tissues were divided into normal group (without ulceration of the mucosa); type 1 ulcers (unperforated erosions with minimal mucosal injury) and type 2 ulcers (unperforated erosions combined with moderate bleeding of the mucosa) and confirmed by histopathology. Gene expression was evaluated by RT qPCR in samples of normal or ulcerated abomasums. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test at p <0.05. No difference in expression of HMGB1, TLR-4 and VEGF was detected between the two types of ulcers when compared to normal abomasums. TLR-2 expression was higher in type 2 ulcers than in type 1 ulcers. Increased TLR-2 expression might be associated with the maintenance of abomasal healing, promoting the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and neutrophils.
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Algarve, Margarida Isabel Perdigão. "Clínica de bovinos de leite: níveis de cálcio no período pós-parto em primíparas Holstein Frísia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12040.
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Nesta dissertação descreve-se um trabalho experimental, realizado numa exploração agro-pecuária intensiva de bovinos de raça Holstein Frísia, cujo objectivo geral foi avaliar os factores de risco da existência de doenças no pós-parto, nomeadamente, a influência dos níveis de cálcio no surgimento de outras afecções e o efeito da administração profiláctica de cálcio, por via intravenosa, na ocorrência de hipocalcémia e de outras afecções como a cetose e o deslocamento de abomaso. Como conclusão pode indicar-se que, nos animais estudados, existe uma prevalência elevada de hipocalcémia subclínica, cetose clínica e deslocamento de abomaso. A administração profiláctica de cálcio não foi eficaz na redução da prevalência de nenhuma destas afecções. Todos os animais apresentam uma elevada condição corporal ao parto e um baixo grau de enchimento de rúmen, indicativo de anorexia marcada, o que poderá ser a causa primária da existência de doença neste período devendo ser preconizadas novas medidas profilácticas; ### Abstract:
This dissertation describes an experimental study conducted in dairy Holstein Friesian cows, and aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the existence of postpartum diseases, specially the influence of calcium levels in other diseases development and the effect of prophylactic administration of calcium intravenously in the occurrence of the hypocalcemia and other diseases (ketosis and abomasum displacement). As a conclusion, it can be stated that there is a high prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia, clinical ketosis and abomasum displacement in the studied animals. Prophylactic administration of calcium was not effective in reducing the prevalence of any of these conditions. All animals had a high body condition score at calving, and a low degree of rumen fill, indicative of marked anorexia, which may be the primary cause of the existence of disease in this period. It is recommended new prophylactic measures to avoid economic losses in this intensive dairy herd.
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Goldfinch, Gillian Margaret. "Observations on the abomasal proteome during Teladorsagia circumcincta infection in sheep." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4804.
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Teladorsagia circumcincta is a major financial burden on the UK sheep farming industry. Disease control is becoming increasingly difficult due to the rapid emergence of anthelmintic resistance. This has prompted the search for alternative, sustainable control measures, including vaccination. Vaccine design would be aided by a thorough knowledge of the mechanisms involved in immunity to T.circumcincta. Most research has focussed on humoral and cellular responses to infection with this nematode. This thesis focuses on the impact of infection with regards to the proteins found locally within the abomasum. Using a well established infection model, proteomic analysis of lymph draining the abomasum was carried out by means of 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The identity of many of the proteins in gastric lymph was revealed by means of MALDI-TOF analysis. The relative quantities of the lymph proteins were monitored over time using gel analysis software in both primary infection and immune challenged infection models. This study revealed a number of proteins of interest, including the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, as well as the actin depolymerising protein, gelsolin. The effect of infection and immunity to T.circumcincta on these proteins was investigated further by means of biochemical assays, western blotting and real-time PCR. The impact of infection on the permeability of the abomasal mucosa will affect the resultant gastric lymph proteome. This “leak lesion” phenomenon is well documented in T.circumcincta infection but the underlying cause is unknown. Tight junction proteins in the abomasum were studied, using immunofluorescence techniques, in an attempt to define the role of these proteins in this important immunological/pathological event. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of innate immune responses and local pathology occurring within the abomasum during T.circumcincta infection.
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Morgado, Aline Alberti. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica, radiológica e do perfil metabólico de ovinos tratados com diferentes protocolos de administração de ranitidina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-18112013-101619/.
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O rebanho ovino brasileiro tem se intensificado, o que predispõe à maior incidência de transtornos digestivos, como a úlcera de abomaso. A ranitidina é utilizada na prevenção e tratamento desta afecção, no entanto há pouca informação sobre a indicação parenteral deste fármaco para a espécie ovina. São escassas as informações a respeito das alterações metabólicas concomitantes, assim como do comportamento do sistema digestório. Nesse estudo foram utilizados cinco ovinos, machos, hígidos, providos de cânula ruminal e abomasal em delineamento experimental Quadrado Latino 5 x 5, com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2 x 2 + 1. Foram testadas as doses de 1mg/kg e 2mg/kg, administradas por via intravenosa, (IV) a cada 12 (BID) e a cada 8 horas (TID) em relação ao grupo controle, tratado com 1 mL de solução fisiológica por 25 kg, IV, BID. Maiores concentrações de proteína total, cálcio, sódio e hemoglobina, maiores atividades de AST e aumento do pH abomasal por 150 minutos foram observados em todos os animais que receberam o fármaco, independentemente de dose e frequência. No grupo tratado BID houve diminuição do número de leucócitos. Na frequência TID houve aumento das concentrações de creatinina e diminuição do cortisol plasmático. Os tratamentos 1 mg/kg TID e 2 mg/kg BID aumentaram o número de hemácias, diminuíram o intervalo entre as contrações reticulares e as concentrações séricas de pepsinogênio. Não foram observadas alterações na dinâmica dos fluidos, no pH ruminal, nas funções vitais e na amplitude das contrações reticulares. A radiografia contrastada foi útil para a avaliação da motilidade abomasal e intestinal. A ultrassonografia em modo-M revelou-se de grande valia na avaliação da amplitude e duração da curva de contração reticular e do intervalo entre as contrações.The brazilian sheep production intensified, predisposing to increased incidence of digestive disorders such as abomasal ulcers. Ranitidine is used to prevent and treat this disease, however there is little information about the use of parenteral form of the drug in sheep. Data about the concomitant metabolic changes, as well as the behavior of the digestive system is scant. In this study, we used five healthy male sheep with ruminal and abomasal cannula. A Latin Square experiment 5 x 5 with 2 x 2 + 1factorial arrangement of treatments was run. Four levels of 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg administered intravenously (IV) every 12 (BID) and every 8 hours (TID) was compared to the control group, treated with 1 mL of saline per 25 kg, IV, BID. Higher concentrations of total protein, calcium, sodium and hemoglobin, increased AST activity and increased pH abomasum for 150 min were observed in all animals receiving the drug, regardless of dose and frequency. The BID treatment groups showed decrease the number of leukocytes. Increase of creatinine concentrations and decrease of plasma cortisol were observed in the TID group. Treatments 1 mg/kg TID and 2 mg/kg BID increased the number of red blood cells, decreased the interval between reticular contractions and serum pepsinogen. No changes were observed in fluid dynamics, the ruminal pH, vital functions and amplitude of reticular contractions. Contrast administered through abomasal cannula allowed the evaluation of abomasal and intestinal motility by radiography. The M-mode ultrasonography proved valuable in characterizing reticular contraction by the interval of contractions and a contraction curve correlating amplitude and time and.
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Lehner, Stefanie Hedwig [Verfasser]. "Molecular genetic analyses for left-sided displacement of the abomasum in German Holstein cattle / Stefanie Hedwig Lehner." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049653505/34.
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Baah, John. "Effect of particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen, omasum and abomasum of sheep on voluntary intake and digestibility of forages." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28887.
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This study was designed to provide information on some of the factors affecting voluntary consumption and digestibility of forages by sheep. A wet sieving procedure was used to determine particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen, omasum and abomasum of sheep fed 100 % prebloom alfalfa or 100 % second-cut Altai wild ryegrass hays or mixtures of these with tall wheatgrass or Altai wild ryegrass straws. The study also compared second-cut Altai wild ryegrass and prebloom alfalfa as components in an all forage diet for sheep. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight Romanov x Western whiteface wether lambs weighing 22 to 25 kg during the intake and digestibility trials. For the determination of particle size distribution, the animals were slaughtered at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after feed removal and the contents of the reticulo-rumen, omasum and abomasum sampled.
Five different methods of describing digesta particle size distribution were compared as to their ability to predict voluntary intake and digestibility of the forages by sheep.
The best method for expressing particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen in terms of ability to predict dry matter digestibility (DMD) was the proportion of soluble dry matter in total dry matter (PSDM). A significant (P< 0.05) correlation (r = 0.84) between PSDM and dry matter digestibility, 12 hours after feed removal was obtained. PSDM in omasal digesta 24 hours after feed removal was also highly correlated with DMD and energy digestibility (r = 0.97, 0.91, respectively). Very high correlations were obtained between PSDM in abomasal digesta 24 hours after feed removal and digestibility of cellulose, NDF and ADF (r = 0.99, 0.97 and 0.97 respectively). The proportion of particles less than 1mm to the total particles (PIP) in the reticulo-rumen gave the most
consistent correlations with intake of dry matter and energy.
Voluntary intake of dry matter by the animals on the alfalfa-based diets were significantly
higher (P< 0.05) than those on the second-cut Altai wild ryegrass-based diets. However, the apparent digestibility coefficients of the proximate fractions in the Altai wild ryegrass diets were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than those of diets containing alfalfa.
Daily intake of digestible energy by animals on 100 % alfalfa was not significantly different from that of animals on 100 % second-cut Altai wild ryegrass. The difference between their respective combinations with tall wheatgrass and Altai wild ryegrass straws were also not significant.
It was concluded that PIP and PSDM are indeces based on biologically significant fractions and may therefore have greater relevance than purely mathematical or statistical
descriptions of particle size distribution in digesta. In this regard, the relationship between PSDM and digestibility and, PIP and intake are consistent with published theory and can be used in mathematical models to examine control processes in feed intake, rate of passage and digestion. The study also indicated that second-cut Altai wild ryegrass harvested at the prebloom stage can be used as a substitute for alfalfa in an all-forage diet for winter feeding of sheep.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Godinho, Ricardo Freire. "Analgesia pós-cirúrgica em correcções de deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3579.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA identificação da dor animal é um aspecto com cada vez maior importância na produção animal, assim como o é minimizar os processos dolorosos ao longo de todos os procedimentos de produção. Quando não for possível eliminar esses estímulos dolorosos, deve ser dada prioridade à devida analgesia. Um desses procedimentos dolorosos é a cirurgia, neste caso, a cirurgia correctiva de deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda. Como não é possível eliminar os estímulos dolorosos resultantes da cirurgia, o que nos resta é proceder à devida analgesia pós-cirúrgica. O objectivo deste trabalho foi perceber se a administração de carprofeno possui maior duração de analgesia do que a flunixina meglumina no maneio de dor pós-cirúrgico na correcção de Deslocamento de Abomaso à Esquerda (DAE). O carprofeno, tal como a flunixina meglumina, é um anti-inflamatório não esteróide, mas é menos utilizado na analgesia pós-cirúrgica devido ao seu custo, apesar de possuir um tempo de semi-vida superior ao da flunixina meglumina. O estudo foi realizado em 26 vacas de raça Holstein Frísia submetidas a correcção cirúrgica de DAE, que foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo F (14 animais submetidos à administração de flunixina meglumina) e o Grupo C (12 animais submetidos à administração de carprofeno). A analgesia pós-cirúrgica foi avaliada utilizando parâmetros produtivos (produção leiteira nos 8 dias após a cirurgia) e utilizando parâmetros fisiológicos (corpos cetónicos por mensuração de β-hidroxibutiratos sanguíneos no dia 1, 2 e 4). Concluiu-se que não existem diferenças os entre fármacos na analgesia pós-cirúrgica na correcção de DAE, e que para obter resultados mais fidedignos mais estudo serão necessários no futuro.
ABSTRACT - Post-surgical analgesia adjustments left-side displacement of the abomasum - The identification of animal pain is an aspect with growing importance in animal production, as well as minimize the painful processes across all production procedures. When it´s not possible the elimination of the painful stimuli, the analgesia must be prioritized. One of this painful procedures is surgery, in this case, the corrective surgery of the left displaced abomasums (LDA). It is appropriate to perform postoperative analgesia since the elimination of painful stimuli resulting from surgery cannot be done. The objective of this work was to understand if the administration of carprofen has a longer duration of analgesia than the administration of flunixin meglumine in the management of postoperative pain in surgical correction of LDA. Carprofen, as flunixin meglumine, is an anti-inflammatory non esteriod, but it’s less is used, for postoperative analgesia, because of its cost, despite having a half-life greater than flunixin meglumine. The study was conducted on 26 Holstein Friesian cows undergoing surgical correction of LDA, which were divided into two groups: Group F (submitted to the administration of flunixin meglumine) and Group C (submitted to the administration of carprofen). The postoperative analgesia was assessed using production parameters (milk production in the 8 days after surgery) and using physiological parameters (ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyrate blood on day 1, 2 and 4). It was concluded that there are not any differences between drugs in postoperative analgesia after the correction of the LDA, and that to obtain more reliable results more studies would be needed in the future.
Book chapters on the topic "Abomasum"
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Lee, Julian. "Chemical Speciation of Metal Ions in the Ruminal and Abomasal Fluid of Sheep." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 719–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_267.
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Larsen, M., C. Galindo, D. R. Ouellet, G. Maxin, N. B. Kristensen, and H. Lapierre. "Effect of abomasal amino acid infusion on splanchnic metabolism in postpartum transition dairy cows." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 409–10. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_148.
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"Stomach and Abomasum." In Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, 52–68. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-070202823-6.50093-2.
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"Rennet (Bovine Abomasum)." In Food Additives Data Book, 454–55. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995327.ch143.
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Niehaus, Andrew. "Displaced Abomasum in Cattle." In Food Animal Practice, 40–43. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-141603591-6.10013-2.
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Parish, S. M. "Non-infectious Diseases: Displaced Abomasum." In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818766-1.00061-1.
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Parish, S. M. "DISEASES OF DAIRY ANIMALS, NONINFECTIOUS | Displaced Abomasum." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 838–43. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227235-8/00301-1.
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Parish, S. M. "Diseases of Dairy Animals: Noninfectious Diseases: Displaced Abomasum." In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.00732-0.
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Anderson, David E. "Pathophysiology of Displacement of the Abomasum in Cattle." In Food Animal Practice, 35–40. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-141603591-6.10012-0.
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Newman, Kenneth D., and David E. Anderson. "Laparoscopic Abomasopexy for Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum." In Food Animal Practice, 48–50. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-141603591-6.10015-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Abomasum"
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Özfi̇li̇z, Nesrin. "Immunohistochemical Localisation Of Ghrelin İn The Abomasum Of Awassi Sheep." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Istanbul: LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.pp-88.
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Vivianne Freitas Gomes de Miranda, MARIA, TIAGO da Silva Teófilo, ANA Paula Pinheiro de Assis, JOSE Domingues Fontenele Neto, and PATRICIA de Oliveira Lima. "IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA PARA QUIMOSINA E PEPSINOGÊNIO NO ABOMASO DE BEZERROS RECEBENDO LEITE EM PÓ E SORO DE QUEIJO EM PÓ RECONSTITUÍDOS." In II Congresso Internacional das Ciência Agrárias. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/2526-7701.iicointerpdvagro.2017.00347.
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