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Journal articles on the topic 'Abnormal childhood'

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Published: 7 July 2024

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1

Loder, Randall T., Gretchen Huffman, Eugene Toney, L. Daniel Wurtz, and Robert Fallon. "Abnormal Rib Number in Childhood Malignancy." Spine 32, no. 8 (April 2007): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000259834.28893.97.

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Murashkin, Nikolay N., Eduard T. Ambarchian, Roman V. Epishev, Alexander I. Materikin, Leonid A. Opryatin, Roman A. Ivanov, and Daria S. Kukoleva. "Photodermatoses in Childhood." Current Pediatrics 20, no. 5 (November 7, 2021): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i5.2308.

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Photodermatoses is a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from abnormal skin hypersensitivity to sunlight and presented as local or generalized rashes. Specific sensitivity of children's skin to ultraviolet is often the first sign or clinical symptom of photodermatosis. Abnormal photosensitivity can be represented by diverse group of primary idiopathic conditions or photo-mediated aggravation of existing dermatosis. Number of genetic genodermatoses, metabolic disorders and connective tissue diseases is also widely known. These conditions can manifest with photosensitivity associated to other extracutaneous clinical and laboratory features. Timely diagnosis of photosensitivity in childhood allows to minimize long-term complications associated with insufficient photoprotection.

3

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Abnormal Cerebral Blood Flow in Childhood Autism." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-14-9-14.

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De Rossi, G., D. Pasqualetti, G. De Sanctis, M. Lopez, M. L. Moleti, V. Bottari, C. Guglielmi, and F. Mandelli. "Childhood Abnormal Expansion of Large Granular Lymphocytes." Acta Haematologica 73, no. 4 (1985): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000206329.

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Crawley, Jane, Michael English, Catherine Waruiru, Isiah Mwangi, and Kevin Marsh. "Abnormal respiratory patterns in childhood cerebral malaria." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, no. 3 (May 1998): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91023-9.

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Kohn, Gary L., Cathy Walston, Julie Feldstein, Brad W. Warner, Paul Succop, and William D. Hardie. "Persistent Abnormal Lung Function After Childhood Empyema." American Journal of Respiratory Medicine 1, no. 6 (December 2002): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03257171.

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Pais, Ray C., Ellen Vanous, Bettye Hollins, Bahjat A. Faraj, Rogena Davis, Vernon M. Camp, and Abdelsalam H. Ragab. "Abnormal vitamin B6 status in childhood leukemia." Cancer 66, no. 11 (December 1, 1990): 2421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19901201)66:11<2421::aid-cncr2820661130>3.0.co;2-m.

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Thanasiu, Page L. "Childhood Sexuality: Discerning Healthy From Abnormal Sexual Behaviors." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.26.4.y0ndah5y1hkm18cf.

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Empirically determined characteristics that mental health counselors can use as a reference when assessing the normalcy of sexual behaviors in preadolescent children are summarized. Once sexual behaviors have been determined to be problematic, mental health counselors need to be aware of and address factors that will affect children's sexual attitudes and behaviors.

9

Crawford, Christina, Gregory Stores, and Anne Thomson. "304 CHILDHOOD ASTHMA: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL SLLEP." Pediatric Research 36, no. 1 (July 1994): 53A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199407000-00304.

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10

Ohnishi, T. "Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism." Brain 123, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.9.1838.

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11

Abbott, Rick. "Neurosurgical management of abnormal muscle tone in childhood." Pediatric Clinics of North America 51, no. 2 (April 2004): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00205-0.

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12

Siegel, M. J., H. S. Glazer, J. I. Wiener, and P. L. Molina. "Normal and abnormal thymus in childhood: MR imaging." Radiology 172, no. 2 (August 1989): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.172.2.2748817.

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13

Zorzi, Alexandra Patricia, Connie L. Yang, Sharon Dell, and Paul C. Nathan. "Bleomycin-associated lung toxicity in childhood cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9591.

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9591 Background: Bleomycin has been established as a pulmonary toxin, but the risk for toxicity in survivors of childhood cancer is poorly characterized. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of lung function in survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma and germ cell tumor treated with bleomycin at our institution between 1997 and 2010. We assessed their most recent post-therapy pulmonary function test (PFT). Spirometry and lung volumes were categorized as normal, restrictive, obstructive or mixed. Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) was categorized as normal or abnormal. Results: 195 patients were treated with bleomycin. Ten died of non-pulmonary causes. Of 185 survivors, 143 (77%) had complete data available for analysis. Median cumulative bleomycin dose was 60U/m2 (IQR 30-60). Three patients (2%) had a history of acute bleomycin toxicity. PFTs were performed a median of 2.3 years (IQR 1.4-4.9) from completion of therapy. Spirometry was abnormal in 58 patients (41%); of whom 5 (9%) had respiratory symptoms. 42 (70%) had obstructive, 11 (18%) restrictive and 5 (9%) mixed ventilatory defects. Abnormalities were mild in 53 (91%), moderate in 3 (5%) and severe in 2 (4%). DLCO was abnormal in 27 patients, 26 (96%) of whom had mildly reduced DLCO and were asymptomatic. Univariate analysis did not demonstrate a significant association between gender, smoking, lung metastases, lung radiation, chemotherapy regimen, or autologous transplant and abnormal lung function. Disease relapse was associated with abnormal lung function (p=0.01). Smoking (p=0.04) and relapse (p=0.03) were associated with abnormal DLCO. The odds ratio of developing abnormal spirometry for each 1unit/m2 increase in bleomycin was 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.02, p=0.07). Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors treated with bleomycin frequently have evidence of asymptomatic abnormalities on PFT. The current recommendation for pulmonary function testing in childhood cancer survivors appears justified.

14

Yoon, Lira, Hye-Young Kim, Min Jung Kwak, Kyung Hee Park, Mi Hye Bae, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Hee Young Choi, and Young Mi Kim. "Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Children With Strabismus." Journal of Child Neurology 34, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819846807.

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Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can provide valuable information about structural abnormalities in strabismus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of MRI in this regard and to identify risk factors for abnormal MRI results in children with strabismus. Methods: A retrospective analysis of children <18 years of age presenting with strabismus, who underwent brain MRI at Pusan National University Hospital (Busan, Korea) between January 2012 and March 2017, was performed. Clinical characteristics, MRI results, and ophthalmologic findings were reviewed. Findings were classified as normal or abnormal according to MRI results. Additionally, patients were divided according to age to compare characteristics of infantile and childhood strabismus. Results: A total of 90 patients (47 [52.2%] male, 43 [47.8%] female; mean age, 2.19 ± 0.53 years) were enrolled. Of those, 64 (71.1%) presented with normal and 26 (28.9%) with abnormal MRI results. The age at presentation was lower and abnormal findings on fundus examination were more common in the abnormal MRI group ( P = .002 and P = .008, respectively). Among the patients, 46 (51.1%) had infantile strabismus and 44 (48.9%) had childhood strabismus. Global developmental delays, speech delays, and MRI abnormalities were more common in patients with infantile than in those with childhood strabismus. Ptosis and headaches were more common in patients with childhood strabismus ( P = .025, P = .025, respectively). Conclusion: Brain MRI was helpful for accurate diagnosis and treatment of strabismus in younger children, those with abnormal findings on fundus examination, and infants with developmental, especially speech, delays.

15

Bell, Caroline J., James A. Foulds, L. John Horwood, Roger T. Mulder, and Joseph M. Boden. "Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study." British Journal of Psychiatry 214, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.264.

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BackgroundThe extent to which exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse increases the risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood is currently unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood taking into account potential confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors.MethodData were from a cohort of 1265 participants studied from birth to 35 years. At ages 18 and 21, cohort members were questioned about childhood sexual and physical abuse. At ages 30 and 35, they were questioned about psychotic experiences (symptoms of abnormal thought and perception). Generalised estimating equation models investigated covariation of the association between abuse exposure and psychotic experiences including potential confounding factors in childhood (socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family functioning) and time-dynamic covariate factors (mental health, substance use and life stress).ResultsData were available for 962 participants; 6.3% had been exposed to severe sexual abuse and 6.4% to severe physical abuse in childhood. After adjustment for confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors, those exposed to severe sexual abuse had rates of abnormal thought and abnormal perception symptoms that were 2.25 and 4.08 times higher, respectively than the ‘no exposure’ group. There were no significant associations between exposure to severe physical abuse and psychotic experiences.ConclusionsFindings indicate that exposure to severe childhood sexual (but not physical) abuse is independently associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood (particularly symptoms of abnormal perception) and this association could not be fully accounted for by confounding or time-dynamic covariate factors.Declaration of interestNone.

16

Hull, Mariam, Mered Parnes, and Joseph Jankovic. "Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections in Childhood Opisthotonus." Toxins 13, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020137.

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Opisthotonus refers to abnormal axial extension and arching of the trunk produced by excessive contractions of the paraspinal muscles. In childhood, the abnormal posture is most often related to dystonia in the setting of hypoxic injury or a number of other acquired and genetic etiologies. The condition is often painful, interferes with ambulation and quality of life, and is challenging to treat. Therapeutic options include oral benzodiazepines, oral and intrathecal baclofen, botulinum neurotoxin injections, and deep brain stimulation. Management of opisthotonus within the pediatric population has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we describe a series of seven children who presented to our institution with opisthotonus in whom symptom relief was achieved following administration of botulinum neurotoxin injections.

17

Benjamin, Sidney, and Dorothy Mary Eminson. "Abnormal illness behaviour: childhood experiences and long-term consequences." International Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540269209066302.

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18

Sasaki, Masayuki, Hiroshi Sakuma, Ai Fukushima, Ken-ichi Yamada, Takashi Ohnishi, and Hiroshi Matsuda. "Abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism in alternating hemiplegia of childhood." Brain and Development 31, no. 1 (January 2009): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2008.03.008.

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19

Galdès-Sebaldt, Michèle, J. R. Sheller, Jens Grogaard, and Mildred Stahlman. "Prematurity is associated with abnormal airway function in childhood." Pediatric Pulmonology 7, no. 4 (1989): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.1950070412.

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20

Curwood, Evan K., Mangor Pedersen, Patrick W. Carney, Anne T. Berg, David F. Abbott, and Graeme D. Jackson. "Abnormal cortical thickness connectivity persists in childhood absence epilepsy." Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology 2, no. 5 (April 11, 2015): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.178.

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21

Crawford, Thomas O., John T. Sladky, Orest Hurko, Anne Besner-Johnston, and Richard I. Kelley. "Abnormal fatty acid metabolism in childhood spinal muscular atrophy." Annals of Neurology 45, no. 3 (March 1999): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3<337::aid-ana9>3.0.co;2-u.

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22

Aguilar, David C., Gary W. Raff, Daniel J. Tancredi, and Ian J. Griffin. "Childhood growth patterns following congenital heart disease." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 6 (September 23, 2014): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111400153x.

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AbstractIntroduction: Prenatal and early postnatal growth are known to be abnormal in patients with CHD. Although adult metabolic risk is associated with growth later in childhood, little is known of childhood growth in CHD. Patients and Methods: Retrospective data were collected on 551 patients with coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, single ventricle physiology, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, or ventricular septal defects. Weight, height, and body mass index data were converted to Z-scores. Body size at 2 years and growth between 2 and 20 years, 2 and 7 years, and 8 and 15 years were compared with Normative data using a sequential series of mixed-effects linear models. Results: A total of 4660 weight, 2989 height, and 2988 body mass index measurements were analysed. Body size at 2 years of age was affected by cardiac diagnosis and gender. Abnormal growth was frequent and varied depending on cardiac diagnosis, gender, and the time period considered. The most abnormal patterns were seen in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or single ventricle physiology. Potentially high-risk growth, a combination of small body size at 2 years and rapid subsequent growth, was seen in several groups. Conclusions: Childhood and adolescent growth patterns were gender- and lesion-specific. Several lesions were associated with abnormal patterns of childhood growth known to be associated with an increased risk of adult adiposity or metabolic risk in other populations. Further information is needed on the long-term metabolic risks of survivors of CHD.

23

Jörg, R. Wolstein, H. Reed Martin, S. Seshia Shashi, P. Kubrakovich, B. Linsey, and A. Samuel. "Contact Thermography in the Diagnosis of Childhood Migraine." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, no. 3 (August 1993): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100047971.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of our prospective study was to assess the role of contact thermography in children with migraine. Contact thermograms were done in 54 children aged 4.2 - 16.5 years (median 10.5 years), who were seen for headache and on 10 age-matched controls, between July and December 1991. Thermograms were interpreted as definitely normal, equivocally normal, equivocally abnormal, and definitely abnormal by a radiologist who was blinded to clinical information. Forty-eight children had the test between headaches; of these, four out of 26 patients (15%) who had migraine without aura and 3 out of 14 children (21%) who had migraine with aura had definitely abnormal thermograms. Nine out of 10 normal controls had definitely normal thermograms. The sensitivity of contact thermography in the diagnosis of childhood migraine, when done between headaches, was low in our study.

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Moller, Thomas, Harald Lindberg, May Brit Lund, Henrik Holmstrom, Gaute Dohlen, and Erik Thaulow. "Right ventricular pressure response to exercise in adults with isolated ventricular septal defect closed in early childhood." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 6 (March 6, 2018): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117002979.

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AbstractWe previously demonstrated an abnormally high right ventricular systolic pressure response to exercise in 50% of adolescents operated on for isolated ventricular septal defect. The present study investigated the prevalence of abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response in 20 adult (age 30–45 years) patients who underwent surgery for early ventricular septal defect closure and its association with impaired ventricular function, pulmonary function, or exercise capacity. The patients underwent cardiopulmonary tests, including exercise stress echocardiography. Five of 19 patients (26%) presented an abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response to exercise ⩾ 52 mmHg. Right ventricular systolic function was mixed, with normal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change, but abnormal tricuspid annular systolic motion velocity (median 6.7 cm/second) and isovolumetric acceleration (median 0.8 m/second2). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was normal at rest as measured by the peak systolic velocity of the lateral wall and isovolumic acceleration, early diastolic velocity, and ratio of early diastolic flow to tissue velocity, except for ejection fraction (median 53%). The myocardial performance index was abnormal for both the left and right ventricle. Peak oxygen uptake was normal (mean z score −0.4, 95% CI −2.8–0.3). There was no association between an abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response during exercise and right or left ventricular function, pulmonary function, or exercise capacity. Abnormal right ventricular pressure response is not more frequent in adult patients compared with adolescents. This does not support the theory of progressive pulmonary vascular disease following closure of left-to-right shunts.

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Hu, S. H., Z. L. Liao, M. M. Zhang, and Y. Xu. "Treatment-resistant childhood-onset schizophrenia and abnormally enlarged cavum septum pellucidum combined with cavum vergae: case report and literature review." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73107-8.

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The treatment of refractory schizophrenia has been a clinical challenge for most psychiatrists. The possible mechanism of the refractory schizophrenia included diagnostic errors, medical conditions and brain dysgensis. Here, we described a patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia who had severe psychiatric symptoms such as auditory hallucination and persecutory delusion and so on. We reexamined all his possible medical conditions and found the patient had an abnormal enlarged Cavus Septum Pellucidum (CSP) combined with Cavum Vergae (CV) (maximum length>30 mm). Some reports suggested that abnormal CSP(length>6 mm) has an significant association with schizophrenia. However, abnormally large CSP or CSP/CV and related prognosis were reported rarely. This case suggested that abnormally enlarged CSP or CSP/CV may lead to schizophrenia and worse prognosis.

26

Adshead, Gwen, and Kerry Bluglass. "Attachment representations in mothers with abnormal illness behaviour by proxy." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 4 (October 2005): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.4.328.

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BackgroundAbnormal illness behaviour by proxy (also known as factitious illness by proxy or Munchhausen syndrome by proxy) is a type of child maltreatment, the origins of which are poorly understood.AimsTo describe attachment representations in a cohort of mothers demonstrating abnormal illness behaviour by proxy.MethodSixty-seven mothers who had shown this behaviour took part in a semi-structured interview assessing their attachment representations.ResultsOnly 12 mothers (18%) were rated secure in terms of their own childhood attachments. There was evidence of unresolved trauma or loss reactions in 40 mothers (60%). Eighteen mothers (27%) gave unusually disorganised and incoherent accounts of attachment relationships in their own childhoods. The frequency of these attachment categories is higher than in normal non-clinical samples.ConclusionsInsecure attachment is a risk factor for this type of child maltreatment. Therapeutic interventions could be offered in relation to unresolved traumatic stress or bereavement responses. Further study of similar groups, such as mothers with sick children or mothers with histories of traumatic experience, would be a useful next step.

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Lee, Young-Ho, HyeKyung Shin, Hye-Roung Kang, and Seung Yang. "Periodic Monitoring of Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 6012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.6012.6012.

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Abstract Purpose: The components of metabolic syndrome (MS) have been tended to increase and associated with cardiovascular risks in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. We investigated the prevalence of components of MS in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and tried to monitor them periodically. Materials and methods: We investigated 44 adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, median age 14.9 years (range 10–19.8 years) and median follow-up time elapsed after off-therapy 7.4 years (range 5–16.5 years). We measured body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Fatty liver was evaluated by ultrasound examinations during follow-up period. Results: No survivors demonstrated MS with 3 components, however, 18% of survivors (8/44) have 2 abnormal components and 43% (19/44) have 1 abnormal components, respectively. The frequency of each component was: increased BMI, 11%; elevated blood pressure, 0%; elevated TG level, 41%, low HDL cholesterol, 27%; and elevated fasting glucose, 0%. Among these components, the increased TG levels were highly prevalent in survivors than in general population (p=0.000). Fatty liver was identified in 8 survivors (18.2%). Sixteen of 44 survivors (36.4%) received at least 3 repeated examinations annually. Twelve out of 16 survivors have 1 or 2 abnormal components at initial examination. Their number of metabolic components have been shown to decrease in 4, persisted in 3, and increased in 5 survivors. Three of 4 survivors who have no components of MS at initial examination showed at least 1 abnormal component during follow-up. Conclusions: We observed the high incidence of increased TG level in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, and detected abnormal components of MS during periodic follow-up. Lifestyle interventions and periodic long-term follow-up monitoring would be needed to reduce the metabolic risks in childhood cancer survivors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

28

Tom, Katherine, Natasha De Silva, Alicia Polack, Karishma Singh, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Jonathon Maguire, Catherine Birken, and Peter Wong. "11 Clinician Management of Childhood Dyslipidemia in the Community Setting." Paediatrics & Child Health 27, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2022): e4-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac100.010.

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Abstract Background Childhood dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Although adverse health outcomes of dyslipidemias are rare in childhood, the atherosclerotic process begins in early life. An overlooked lifelong progression of disease may result in myocardial infarction and stroke in later life. There are currently no Canadian paediatric guidelines for lipid screening. Despite dyslipidemia identification, early treatment or management may not be initiated. Primary care providers (PCP) are well positioned to advise and reinforce cardiovascular health behaviours to minimize the risk of CVD and promote lifelong cardiovascular health. Objectives To describe clinician practice patterns associated with childhood dyslipidemia management in the community setting. Design/Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for children 2 to 10 years of age with abnormal lipid profiles. Participants were recruited from a practice-based research network. Non-fasting blood samples were obtained. The primary study outcome was the proportion of physicians engaging in each step of management practice. R version 3.6.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for statistical analysis. Results Among 462 children identified with dyslipidemia, all were seen by PCP at their next follow-up visit. PCP rarely informed families about abnormal lipid profiles. PCP frequently counselled on diet and eating habits (n=424, 95.1%), but less often on physical activity (n=154, 34.5%), screen time (n=24, 5.4%), and sleep (n=1, 0.2%). Family history of CVD, diabetes, high cholesterol, or hypertension was infrequently discussed (n=5, 1.1%). PCP repeated fasting lipid profiles uncommonly (n=20, 4.5%). Management plans for abnormal lipid profiles were not documented. Only one participant had a follow-up visit (n=1, 0.2%). Referrals were rarely made to dieticians (n=2, 0.4%) and were not in response to abnormal lipid levels. Conclusion Dyslipidemia in childhood is a risk factor for the development of adult cardiovascular disease. Among children with abnormal lipid profiles, our study showed PCP rarely identified and initiated early management for abnormal lipid levels. Our results may inform the need for paediatric lipid screening and management guidelines to develop best clinical practice.

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Jandrić-Kočić, Marijana, and Senada Selmanović. "Childhood obesity." Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma 27, no. 84 (2022): 26–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mgiszm2284026j.

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According to the International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision, ICD-11, obesity is classified as an endocrine disease, dietary and metabolic disease (ICD-XI; E66). It is a chronic multifactorial disease accompanied by abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses a health risk. The World Health Organization describes the epidemic of childhood obesity as: "One of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century". According to the same, 41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 are overweight or obese. Obesity can have a significant impact on health, well-being (social and psychological) and self-esteem of the child. It is associated with poor academic performance and the lower quality of life a child experiences. An obese child requires an individually tailored multidisciplinary approach. Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical examination that identifies the etiology of obesity, comorbidities present, eating habits, physical activity, social, family, and psychological factors that predispose obesity, readiness, and motivation for treatment. Obesity therapy primarily aims to permanently change the child's eating habits and lifestyle.

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St. Amour, Thomas E., Marilyn J. Siegel, Harvey S. Glazer, and Scott N. Nadel. "CT Appearances of the Normal and Abnormal Thymus in Childhood." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 11, no. 4 (July 1987): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198707000-00018.

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Astorga, Aldara Alvarez, Alba Lubeiro Juárez, Eva Sotelo, Mercedes Vaquero, and Vicente Molina Rodriguez. "F76. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA RELATED TO ABNORMAL SOCIAL COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, suppl_1 (April 1, 2018): S249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby017.607.

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32

Moran, P., C. Coffey, A. Chanen, A. Mann, J. B. Carlin, and G. C. Patton. "Childhood sexual abuse and abnormal personality: a population-based study." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 6 (September 27, 2010): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710001789.

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BackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been shown to be a risk factor for personality disorder (PD). However, no previous studies have examined whether associations exist between sexual abuse and abnormal personality as measured both categorically and dimensionally. Such enquiry would more fully illuminate the impact of CSA on adult personality.MethodUsing a large nationally representative sample, we set out to examine associations between CSA and categorically defined PD. We also examined associations between CSA and the five dimensions of personality (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism). A total of 1520 young adults were interviewed to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse occurring before age 16 years. A dimensional measure of personality was completed by 1469 participants, and 1145 had an informant-based PD assessment.ResultsPD was independently associated with repeated CSA [fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.4]. Repeated sexual abuse was also associated with higher neuroticism and lower agreeableness (p values for both <0.001). Adjusting for the effects of potential confounders and mediators, including earlier symptoms of anxiety and depression, had little impact on the strength of associations.ConclusionsWe conclude that repeated CSA is independently associated with categorically defined PD, and also with higher neuroticism and lower agreeableness. Our findings suggest that if a dimensional classification of PDs is adopted in future classification systems, there might be meaningful continuity with previous aetiological research conducted using the current categorical system.

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Hall, Gregory, and Craig I. Schranz. "Benign acute childhood myositis—a rare cause of abnormal gait." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 2014): 193.e1–193.e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.057.

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McClelland, Verity M., Zoran Cvetkovic, Jean-Pierre Lin, Kerry R. Mills, and Peter Brown. "Abnormal patterns of corticomuscular and intermuscular coherence in childhood dystonia." Clinical Neurophysiology 131, no. 4 (April 2020): 967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.012.

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Holdstock, C., J. Ludvigsson, and F. A. Karlsson. "Abnormal ghrelin secretion in new onset childhood Type 1 diabetes." Diabetologia 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1258-6.

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Venkataraghavan, Karthik, Sowjanya Guvva, and Sandhya Karthik. "Abnormal Odontogenesis following Management of Childhood Cancer (Retinoblastoma): Review and a New Variant." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 2 (2013): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1328.

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ABSTRACT A young child being diagnosed with cancer naturally generates a pretty melancholy reaction. Each cancer can be managed with a vast array of treatment options that are available either individually or as a combination, the final goal of which is total eradication of the condition in the affected individual. Since, most of these treatments are administered during the age of tooth formation, they may affect stages of odontogenesis. Most common treatment of childhood cancers includes – chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With recent advancements in cancer therapy additional treatment options like laser therapy, radiation in the form of brachytherapy or teletherapy, cryotherapy, thermochemotherapy, etc. are available. As treatment of childhood cancers starts at a very young age coinciding with dental development, a number of dental malformations have been reported in childhood cancer survivors. The most common ocular cancer in children is retinoblastoma. This is the first such reported case and unique one where microdontia has affected all the first premolars. How to cite this article Venkataraghavan K, Patil S, Guvva S, Karthik S, Bhandi S. Abnormal Odontogenesis following Management of Childhood Cancer (Retinoblastoma): Review and a New Variant. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):360-364.

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Loening‐Baucke, Vera A. "Factors Responsible for Persistence of Childhood Constipation." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 6, no. 6 (November 1987): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1987.tb09434.x.

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SummaryIn this study 56% of children with chronic constipation and encopresis were unable to defecate rectal balloons. Most of them had an abnormal contraction of the external anal sphincter during defecation trials. Eighty‐six percent were still unable to defecate balloons 1 year later after having complied with a conventional treatment program. Only 14% of patients unable to defecate balloons had recovered by 1 year, whereas 64% of patients able to had recovered (p ‐ 0.02). Only 13% of patients unable to relax the external sphincter had recovered by 1 year, whereas 70% of those able to do so had recovered (p ‐ 0.01). In addition, none of the patients with an abdominal fecal mass present during the initial examination independent of ability or inability to defecate balloons had recovered (p ‐ 0.001). This study shows that abnormal defecation dynamics and the severity of constipation are predictors for persistence of chronic constipation and encopresis.

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Andria, Nunki, Annang Giri Moelyo, and Muhammad Reza. "Blood glucose level during induction phase chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 197–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.4.2020.197-2.

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Background Steroids and L-asparaginase (L-Asp) are agents used in induction phase chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both agents are often reported to have the side effect of hyperglycemia, and native L-Asp is also reported to cause hypoglycemia. In ALL patients, hyperglycemic events during chemotherapy can cause lower 5-year overall and relapse-free survival. Objective To investigate the incidence of abnormal blood glucose level (BG) as the side effect of prednisone and L-Asp during induction phase chemotherapy, its predisposing factors, and its effect on remission status. Methods This cohort prospective study was conducted in 36 children aged 1-18 years who were newly diagnosed with childhood ALL at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects’ nutritional status consist of wellnourished and undernourishment. Subjects underwent BG monitoring. At the end of induction phase chemotherapy, subjects underwent bone marrow puncture (BMP) evaluation to assess their response to chemotherapy and the effect of abnormal BG on remission status. Results Hypoglycemia, a combination of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia, as well as euglycemia, were experienced by 9, 7, 6, and 14 subjects, respectively. Nutritional status was found to be a significant risk factor for abnormal BG. There was no significant difference in remission status at the end of induction phase chemotherapy between the euglycemic group and abnormal BG groups (P=0.533). Conclusion Abnormal BG during induction phase chemotherapy did not affect remission status at the end of induction phase. Undernourishment is also found to be a predisposing factor in abnormal BG.

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Vicario, Carmelo M., Mariangela Gulisano, Davide Martino, and Renata Rizzo. "The perception of time in childhood migraine." Cephalalgia 34, no. 7 (January 7, 2014): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413517774.

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Introduction Migraine is a syndrome rather common in children. Recent results have accounted evidence of altered activity corresponding to the supplemental motor area in this pediatric population. Given the role of this region in the motor timing of supra-second temporal intervals, we hypothesized that time representation is abnormal in childhood migraine. Subjects and methods We compared time-processing abilities between 11 children with migraine and 11 age-matched healthy children, employing a time reproduction task in which subjects actively reproduced different supra-second temporal intervals. Results We show that children with migraine are less accurate (overestimate) and more variable in reproducing time intervals. Conclusion Results are discussed on the basis of the recent evidence about abnormal cortical and neurochemical activity in childhood migraine, but also in relation to a possible alteration of spatial attention mechanisms in this clinical population. The low number of patients examined represents a limit of this study and indicates that further investigation is needed.

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Silver, Grace, Shalini Bahl, Dawn Cordeiro, Abhinav Thakral, Taryn Athey, and Saadet Mercimek-Andrews. "Prevalence of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation in Childhood Epilepsy and Effects of Anti-Epileptic Drugs on the Transferrin Isoelectric Focusing Test." Genes 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081227.

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Introduction: Childhood epilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems. The transferrin isoelectric focusing (TIEF) test is a screening test for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). We identified abnormal TIEF test in children with epilepsy in our epilepsy genetics clinic. To determine if an abnormal TIEF test is associated with anti-epileptic medications or abnormal liver functions, we performed a retrospective cohort study. Methods: This study was performed between January 2012 and March 2020. Electronic patient charts were reviewed. Standard non-parametric statistical tests were applied using R statistical software. Fischer’s exact test was used for comparisons. Results: There were 206 patients. The TIEF test was abnormal in 11% (23 out of 206) of the patients. Nine patients were diagnosed with CDG: PMM2-CDG (n = 5), ALG3-CDG (n = 1), ALG11-CDG (n = 2), SLC35A2-CDG (n = 1). We report 51 different genetic diseases in 84 patients. Two groups, (1) abnormal TIEF test; (2) normal TIEF test, showed statistically significant differences for abnormal liver functions and for valproic acid treatment. Conclusion: The TIEF test guided CDG diagnosis in 2.9% of the patients. Due to the high prevalence of CDG (4.4%) in childhood epilepsy, the TIEF test might be included into the diagnostic investigations to allow earlier and cost-effective diagnosis.

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Bandyopadhyay, Amrita, Karen Tingay, Ashley Akbari, Lucy Griffiths, Helen Bedford, Mario Cortina-Borja, Suzanne Walton, Carol Dezateux, Ronan A. Lyons, and Sinead Brophy. "Behavioural difficulties in early childhood and risk of adolescent injury." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317271.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate long-term associations between early childhood hyperactivity and conduct problems (CP), measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and risk of injury in early adolescence.DesignData linkage between a longitudinal birth cohort and routinely collected electronic health records.SettingConsenting Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) participants residing in Wales and Scotland.Patients3119 children who participated in the age 5 MCS interview.Main outcome measuresChildren with parent-reported SDQ scores were linked with hospital admission and Accident & Emergency (A&E) department records for injuries between ages 9 and 14 years. Negative binomial regression models adjusting for number of people in the household, lone parent, residential area, household poverty, maternal age and academic qualification, child sex, physical activity level and country of interview were fitted in the models.Results46% of children attended A&E or were admitted to hospital for injury, and 11% had high/abnormal scores for hyperactivity and CP. High/abnormal or borderline hyperactivity were not significantly associated with risk of injury, incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% CI of the high/abnormal and borderline were 0.92 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.14) and 1.16 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), respectively. Children with borderline CP had higher injury rates compared with those without CP (IRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.57).ConclusionsChildren with high/abnormal hyperactivity or CP scores were not at increased risk of injury; however, those with borderline CP had higher injury rates. Further research is needed to understand if those with difficulties receive treatment and support, which may reduce the likelihood of injuries.

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Diyaningsih, Rofiad Darojad, and Yuni Pratiwi. "Perilaku Abnormal Tokoh dalam Antologi Cerpen Bingung Karya Mahasiswa Psikologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i52021p673-682.

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Abstract: This study aims to describe the forms of abnormal behavior, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior in the anthology of Bingung short stories. This is qualitative research using a literary psychology approach with the object of the study being the anthology of Bingung short stories written by the student of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. There are 22 short stories in the anthology, 17 of which meet the criteria. The criteria for analysis are stories presenting a character with abnormal behavior. The behaviors being observed are those in accordance with the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classification published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). The results of this study indicate, first, that there are four types of abnormal behavior in the anthology, namely (1) anxiety disorders, (2) schizophrenia disorders, (3) dissociative disorders, and (4) abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence. Second, the causes and treatment of abnormal behavior include (1) causes and treatment of anxiety disorders, (2) causes and treatment of schizophrenia, (3) causes and treatment of abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence. Keywords: abnormal behavior; characters; the anthology of Bingung short stories Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal, penyebab, dan penanganan perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan objek kajian antologi cerpen Bingung karya mahasiswa UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Terdapat 22 cerpen dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, 17 diantaranya merupakan cerpen yang memenuhi kriteria untuk diteliti. Kriteria cerpen yang diteliti adalah cerpen yang di dalamnya menceritakan seorang tokoh berperilaku abnormal dengan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal yang sesuai dengan pedoman penggolongan perilaku abnormal DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) yang diterbitkan oleh APA (American Psychiatric Association). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pertama, adanya empat tipe perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, yaitu (1) gangguan kecemasan, (2) gangguan skizofrenia, (3) gangguan disosiatif, (4) perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja. Kedua, Penyebab dan penanganan perilaku abnormal meliputi (1) penyebab dan penanganan gangguan kecemasan, (2) penyebab dan penanganan pada gangguan skizofrenia, (3) penyebab dan penanganan pada perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja. Kata kunci: perilaku abnormal; tokoh; antologi cerpen bingung

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Mosleh, Donya, and Barbara E. Gibson. "Abnormal-Becoming-Normal: Conceptualizations of Childhood Disability in Children’s Rehabilitation Textbooks." Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 24, no. 1 (2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.877.

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Jaeken, J., P. Casaer, K. D. Haegele, and P. J. Schechter. "Review: Normal and abnormal central nervous system GABA metabolism in childhood." Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 13, no. 6 (November 1990): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01800202.

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Wald, A., R. Chandra, S. Gabel, and D. Chiponis. "Evaluation of abnormal defecation patterns in the treatment of childhood encopresis." Gastroenterology 91, no. 4 (October 1986): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(86)90844-9.

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Brambilla, P., and A. Pietrobelli. "Abnormal body mass index trajectories in childhood and possible health consequences." International Journal of Obesity 31, no. 11 (September 18, 2007): 1761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803723.

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Goodnight, William, Kelly Acharya, Allison Hastings, Lori Carter, and Diane Marshall. "535: Influence of PPROM on abnormal neurodevelopmental testing in early childhood." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 206, no. 1 (January 2012): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.553.

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Wald, Arnold, R. Chandra, Stewart Gabel, and Darleen Chiponis. "Evaluation of Biofeedback in Childhood Encopresis." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 6, no. 4 (July 1987): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1987.tb09351.x.

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SummaryIn order to evaluate the efficacy of biofeed‐back for childhood encopresis, 50 children with enco‐presis were prospectively studied and randomized to receive biofeedback (B) or mineral oil therapy (M). Specificity of biofeedback was also evaluated by comparing outcomes of both regimens in children with normal (n = 32) and abnormal (n = 18) defecation patterns. Using a single blinded design, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the 24 children receiving B and the 26 children receiving M at 3, 6, and 12

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Ieong, Chi Hou. "Etiology and Treatment of ASPD from Biological, Neurological and Psychotherapeutic Perspectives." SHS Web of Conferences 193 (2024): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419303009.

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Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) encompasses behaviors and cognitions that defy societal norms. ASPD originate in childhood and persisting into adulthood. Prior studies highlight high ASPD prevalence, especially among prison populations. Neurobiological research sheds light on structural brain abnormalities underlying ASPD's abnormal behaviors. ASPD's development links to childhood experiences, genetics, and societal factors, with familial influences playing significant roles. To be specific, numerous studies indicated that ASPD was closely related to childhood trauma and school bullying. Psychotherapy provides to be effective for ASPD's violence and abnormal behavior while drug therapy's cannot prove its effectiveness so far. Both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) demonstrated efficacy in addressing ASPD, offering promising treatment avenues. The present study suggests that early intervention and education are vital for managing ASPD's impact, given its complex etiology and treatment challenges. Understanding ASPD's multifaceted nature and employing varied treatment approaches can enhance outcomes for affected individuals and society at large.

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Yasukawa, Hiroki, Masanori Nakamura, Chizu Habukawa, Katsumi Murakami, Yukio Nagasaka, Hiroshi Miyazaki, and Shigeo Wada. "Relationship between an abnormal respiratory sound and an airflow rate in childhood asthma(3C1 Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s201.

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