Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ablation par champ pulsé'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ablation par champ pulsé.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Nati, Poltri Simone. "Modélisation mathématique de la réponse du tissu cardiaque après ablation par champs pulsés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0322.
Full textCardiac arrhythmias are irregularities in the normal rhythm of the heart, caused by anomalies in the electrical activity of the myocardium. Among the many ablation strategies used to isolate these pathologies, Pulsed electric Field Ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel non-thermal technique that takes advantage of short and high-voltage electrical pulses to kill cardiac cells, by ensuring the precise targeting of the abnormal tissue and the preservation of the tissue scaffold. The aim of this thesis is to propose a mathematical model to study the long-term effects of PFA on the cardiac tissue, in the context of two different pathologies: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) - a common atrial arrhythmia that mostly starts from pulmonary veins - and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), a rapid and irregular heartbeat that originates from tissue heterogeneity in the ventricles. While for AF the ablated area is thin compared to the left atrium domain, for VT the ablated region is not negligible. To describe the electrical activity of the heart we start from the bidomain model - a standard parabolic degenerate semilinear model that describes the electrophysiology of the heart - and we modify it depending on the pathology of interest. In the context of AF we introduce inside the ablated area a small parameter ε - proportional to the thickness of the region - that also rescales the intra-cellular conductivity. We analyze the static version of the modified bidomain system in the semilinear context, and we perform a formal asymptotic analysis to determine the approximate transmission conditions at the interface between the ablated area and the healthy region, as ε approaches zero. The asymptotic expansion at any order is proven and numerically validated. We also propose numerical simulations (obtained using FreeFem++, a finite element library) in a dynamic context. By considering a synthetic geometry of a left atrium, we simulate the isolation of a pulmonary vein from which AF is supposed to trigger. Non-overlapping Schwarz methods are studied and adopted to numerically impose well-designed conditions at the interface. The results are compared with another technique, radio-frequency ablation (RFA), known to burn cardiac tissue through heat transfer and then to destroy the tissue scaffold. Our objective is to numerically predict the success or failure of the two ablation procedures. Then, we validate our approaches in a real heart data from sheep. Our collaborators at IHU Liryc first induced VT in different sheep by creating two cardiac scars separated by a slow conduction channel, and then performed a PFA procedure to treat the induced VT. In the context of VT, our model proposed for AF is not applicable, since the hypothesis regarding the small size of the ablated region is no longer valid. Moreover, VT is a more complex pathology to model as it is caused by tissue heterogeneity. We modify the bidomain model by introducing a parameter ε - that in this case stands for the ablation level - inside the ablated area and we use it to rescale the intra-cellular conductivity. Simulations are performed to reproduce VT in a sheep ventricle geometry thanks to a signal reentry placed nearby the channel. We also propose simulations of PFA and we compare them with RFA to numerically predict the success or failure of the two ablation procedures. The numerical results are also compared with the activation endocardium map built before the PFA intervention. To conclude, this work provides a first numerical study of the mathematical descriptions of PFA in both AF and VT context, opening perspectives towards clinical applications
Autier-Laurent, Sandrine. "Films minces d'oxydes préparés par ablation laser pulsé : répliques du matériau massif ?" Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2041.
Full textBenzerga, Ratiba. "Optimisation de la croissance de couches minces de composés par ablation laser." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2065.
Full textAmami, Ezzedinne. "Amélioration de la déshydratation osmotique des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1624.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of the osmotic dehydration (OD) process of vegetable products coupled to a pulsed electric field (PEF). It aims at increasing the water loss by minimizing the solid gain. The effect of PEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), osmotic solution concentration, type of solute or mixtures, osmotic solution temperature and centrifugal field on the kinetics of OD, rehydration and convective drying, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of apple and carrot, in form of disk, treated by PEF of different intensities (0. 10-1. 1 0 kV/cm) and different numbers of pulses (100-1000) of 100 μs. OD was carried out at various temperatures (20-40°C), under agitation (250 rpm) or various centrifugal accelerations (0-5430 x g). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the application of PEF enhances both water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) during OD (under stirring or centrifugation). The combination of PEF with salt enhances additionally the both WL, SG and the rehydration capacity of carrot tissue, but somewhat decreases the firmness of rehydrated product. The application of centrifugal force in combination with PEF and salt addition enhances significantly the WL during OD of carrots, but decreases SG, rehydration capacity and firmness of rehydrated tissue. If the goal of OD is also the gain of solids, the static OD may be better appropriated than the centrifugal OD, which is especially interesting in the case of desirable limitation of solid uptake. By an increase in mild temperatures of the osmotic solution (20 to 40°C), the centrifugal OD duration was reduced in two times (from 120 to 60 minutes). Thus a WL of 70% reached under an electrical energy consumption of 19 kJ/kg for carrots. The combination of the PEF with centrifugal force, salt and moderate heating is desirable when the maximal dehydration of product should be attained. The OD kinetics was described by a two-exponential model involving Iwo simultaneous processes : rapid convection, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and diffusion. Centrifugal osmotic dehydration before the air drying of carrot tissue resulted in a spectacular reduction of drying time and an increase of effective water diffusivity
Guyard, Sabrina. "Epitaxie par ablation laser pulsé du titanate de strontium : application aux dispositifs agiles hyperfréquences." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066029.
Full textThe association of a ferroelectric SrTiO3 with a superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 allows to produce filters which commutate quickly in frequency under the effect of an electric field. These filters are microwave devices known as “tunable” in frequency. A broad panel of experimental techniques was used to study in-situ surfaces and growths and to analyze ex-situ physicochemical properties of SrTiO3. These analyses revealed the origins of the quadratic deformation of the films and showed a correlation between dielectric losses and the microstructure analyzed with TEM and Raman. The enrichment of the target with strontium during growths causes a deterioration of the dielectric properties of SrTiO3. Changing the target every 15 hours makes it possible to preserve the performances and to produce demonstrator microwave tunable filters with excellent characteristics: at 6GHz and 77K, 10% to 20% of agreement, Q0 of 1000 and tanof 5×10-3 at 10V/m
Donay, Jean-Luc. "Investigation d'une épidémie de candidémie à "Candida parapsilosis" par génotypage en champ pulsé." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P045.
Full textEl-Belghiti, Kamal. "Amélioration de l'extraction aqueuse de solutés des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1563.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a process of aqueous extraction of solute from vegetable products coupled to a moderate pulsed electric field (MPEF). It aims at the improvement of yield of solute and the extraction kinetics. The effect of MPEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), agitation during extraction, shape and size of particles, solution temperature and centrifugaI field, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of sugar beet and carrot, in form of disk and gratings, treated by MPEF of different intensities (200-1200 V/cm) and different numbers of pulses (50-1000) of 100 ilS. Aqueous extraction was carried out at various temperatures (20-50°C), under various agitation speeds (0-750 rpm) and centrifugaI accelerations (09660xg). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the MPEF increases the final yield of solute. The agitation of solution, the moderate heating and the centrifugaI field accelerate the extraction kinetics. The reduction ofparticles size increases the yield of solute and accelerates the extraction kinetics. An optimisation ofboth MPEF and extraction parameters allowed to reach a maximal yield of solute (95%) under an electrical energy consumption of 6-7 and 9 kJ/kg for sugar beets and carrots, respectively. On the other hand, the combination of the process with moderate heating and/or centrifugaI field permitted to reduce from 2 to 4 times the extraction duration. . The aqueous extraction kinetics was described by a bi-exponential model involving two simultaneous processes: rapid washing, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and slow diffusion. The MPEF has shown an inefficiency with dry vegetable products (Ieaves of black tea and roots of Datura Innoxia). A treatment by electric discharges of high tension (EDHT) (40 kV) allowed the acceleration of extraction from such products
Hamdi, Feriel. "Interaction champ électrique cellule : conception de puces microfluidiques pour l'appariement cellulaire et la fusion par champ électrique pulsé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926219.
Full textHamdi, Feriel. "Interaction champ électrique cellule : conception de puces microfluidiques pour l’appariement cellulaire et la fusion par champ électrique pulsé." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112286/document.
Full textCell fusion is a method to generate a hybrid cell combing the specific properties of its progenitor cells. Initially developed for antibody production, it is now also investigated for cancer immunotherapy. Electrofusion consists on the production of hybridoma using electric pulses. Compared to viral or chemical methods, electrofusion shows higher yields and this system is contaminant free. Actually, electrofusion is investigated in electroporation cuvettes, where the electric field is not precisely controllable and cell placement impossible, resulting in low binuclear hibridoma yields. To improve the fusion quality and yield, cell capture and pairing are necessary.Our objective was the development and realization of biochips involving microelectrodes and microfluidic channels to place and pair cells prior to electrofusion. A first trapping structure based on insulators and the use of dielectrophoresis has been achieved. In order to perform fluidic experiments, a biocompatible irreversible packaging was developed. Then, the experimental medium was optimized for electrofusion. Confronting the biological experiments and the numerical simulations, we showed that the application of electric pulses leads to a decrease of the cytoplasmic conductivity. The microstructure was validated by cell electrofusion. A yield of 55%, with a membrane fusion duration of 6 s has been achieved. Secondly, we proposed two trapping microstructures for high density electrofusions. The first one is based on a fluidic trapping while the second one uses dielectrophoresis, free of electric wiring, thanks to conductive pads. Up to 75% of paired cells were successfully electrofused with the conductive pads. More than 97% of the hybridoma were binuclear. The trapping being reversible, the hybridoma can be collected for further analysis
Muniz, Pedro Schio de Noronha. "Propriétés magnétiques de nanofils de cobalt auto-assemblés élaborés par ablation laser pulsée." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066118.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the study of cobalt nanowires self-assembled in a CeO2 matrix. The spontaneous self-assembly of nanowires occurs in strongly Co-doped CeO2 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The metallic character of Co was attested by analysis of X-Ray absorption spectra taken at the Co K-edge. The formation of nanowires could be evidenced by transmission electron microscopy experiments (high resolution and energy filtered modes). Combining these results led to the conclusion of Co nanowires formation in the CeO2 matrix. The nanowires are oriented parallel to the growth direction; have length up to the thickness of film and have a narrow diameter size distribution centered in the 3 - 7 nm range. Due to the reduced values of diameter, these nanowires assemblies are model systems for studies in nanomagnetism. The magnetic properties of two nanowires assemblies (with diameters distribution centered on 3 and 5 nm) were investigated in details. The inner structure could be determined by means of transmission electron microscopy and the magnetization reversal was probed through static and dynamic magnetization measurements. Investigation of the magnetic anisotropy was carried out by analysis of resonance ferromagnetic spectra. The localization of the magnetization reversal was related to the inner structure of nanowires, more precisely to the orientation of hcp Co grains. In these grains, shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies compete in strength and direction, leading to a thermally dependent effective anisotropy. The results presented indicate that it is possible to correlate the magnetic behavior with the real structure of wires in these systems
Déziel, Jean-Luc. "Ablation laser et croissance de réseaux de surface." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26377.
Full textLa formation des réseaux de surface, ou laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), à l’aide d’une source laser pulsée est étudiée avec la théorie de Sipe-Drude, d’abord analytiquement, puis avec la méthode numérique finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Les LIPSSs sont des structures nanométriques sinusoïdales pouvant être catégorisées selon leur orientation par rapport à la direction de polarisation du laser incident et en fonction de leur période Λ par rapport à la longueur d’onde du laser λ. Avec la méthode FDTD, nous trouvons, dans une région de l’espace paramétrique jamais explorée, qu’une impulsion laser polarisée linéairement peut interagir avec une surface rugueuse de façon à faire croître des structures bidimensionnelles ayant une période de Λ ∼ λ dans les orientations parallèle et orthogonale à la direction de polarisation. Par contre, ce modèle ne peut expliquer la forte organisation et régularité des structures dans le domaine spatial, tel qu’observé dans les expériences. Permettre l’auto-organisation des structures avec un mécanisme de rétroaction inter-impulsion est une solution possible afin de simuler la croissance de LIPSSs fortement organisés d’une impulsion laser à la suivante. Récemment proposée, cette méthode utilise un processus d’ablation non physique afin de tenir compte qualitativement de l’éjection de matériau entre deux impulsions laser. Ce nouveau modèle peut reproduire une grande variété de LIPSSs avec une forte régularité spatiale, mais échoue toujours à simuler la croissance de l’amplitude de certains types de structures. Nous suggérons que ces structures restantes peuvent croître en considérant un mécanisme inverse, l’expansion. En combinant ablation et expansion, nous avons simulé avec succès un plus grand nombre de types de LIPSSs.
The formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) using pulsed laser source is studied on the basis of the Sipe-Drude theory solved, first analytically, then with a finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) scheme. LIPSSs consist of wavy nanometric structures and can be categorized depending on their orientation with respect to the incident laser polarization and their periodicity Λ with respect to the incident laser wavelength λ. With our FDTD solver, we find, in as yet unexplored regions of parameter space, that a linearly polarized laser pulse can interact with a rough surface such that bidimensional structures could grow with both parallel and perpendicular periodicity of Λ ∼ λ. However, this theory cannot predict the strong organization and regularity in the space domain, as observed in the experiments. Allowing self-organization in the model with an interpulse feedback mechanism is a possible solution to simulate the growth of strongly organized LIPSSs from one laser pulse to the next. This recently proposed method uses a non-physical ablation process to qualitatively account for material removal between two laser pulses. This new model can reproduce a large variety of LIPSSs with a strong spatial regularity, but still fails to simulate amplitude growth of some of the structures. We suggest that those remaining structures can grow by considering an inverse mechanism, an expansion process. By combining ablation and expansion mechanisms, we have successfully simulated the growth of a large class of LIPSSs.
Coulon, Jérôme. "Films manganites orientés présentant une transition métal-isolant : dépôt par ablation laser, intégration sur silicium." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4028.
Full textIn function of substitutions, the manganites oxydes with perovskite structure present a dramatic evolution of the electric properties. This shows the possibilities of making a limitor of current and voltage. The technique chooses to grown the films and preserves the cristallinity, is the pulsed laser deposition. The La0. 8Sr0. 2MnO3 grown without preferential orientation on Si substrate. A part of this study point on the development of a buffer layer. A original method of manganite fine powder synthesis have been used and it sintering have been optimized. The conductivity properties of the bulk nickelate are equivalent of the film only when the growth conditions are under control. The films of manganite are oriented but the properties near of the crystal are finding again for the lanthane aluminate substrate, which have the biggest mismatch with the manganite. The result shows the dramatic sensibility of manganite layer to the strains due to the grown and the mismatch
Fouchet, A. "Croissance et caractérisations de films minces de ZnO et ZnO dopé cobalt préparés par ablation laser pulsé." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199703.
Full text- Le ferromagnétisme est intrinsèque ou extrinsèque ?
- Quel est le mécanisme relatif aux interactions magnétiques ?
Pour répondre à ces questions une méthode originale de dépôt en couche mince par ablation laser a été mise en place à partir de l'utilisation de deux cibles métalliques. Cette étude a donc été réalisée en deux étapes : l'optimisation des conditions de dépôt du ZnO puis l'utilisation des ses conditions pour incorporer le cobalt. De plus, la concentration en cobalt des films a été fixée et nous avons étudié l'influence des conditions de dépôts. Il en a résulté que le substrat jouait un rôle important dans la croissance des films et nous en avons déduit que les défauts sont nécessaires à l'apparition du ferromagnétisme. Ceci en accord avec les derniers développements théoriques. Enfin, une comparaison avec des films réalisés à partir des cibles céramiques a confirmé ses résultats.
Fouchet, Arnaud. "Croissance et caractérisations de films minces de ZnO et ZnO dopé cobalt préparés par ablation laser pulsé." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2050.
Full textSpintronics is an emergent area of research that exploits the quantum propensity of electrons to spin as well as utilizing their charge state, allowing microelectronic devices to be devised with additional functionality. Indeed, a great deal of research activity has been focused on dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) owing to their potential application as room temperature spintronic devices. This is based on recent theoretical calculations that predict it is possible to design DMS materials possessing ferromagnetic transitions (FM-Tc) above room temperature by doping a magnetic element into a host wide bandgap semiconductor (e. G. , Co-doped ZnO). However, the origin of ferromagnetism in these DMS materials is still subject of controversy, and questions remain : - is ferromagnetism in DMS intrinsic or extrinsic ? and - what is the mechanism relative to the magnetic interactions ? To address these questions, we have developed a novel strategy for the pulsed laser deposition of Co-doped ZnO films that utilizes metallic targets as the source of cationic elements. First, the growth conditions for ZnO films were optimized, and then subsequently utilized to deposit Co-doped ZnO films. Second, because this method allows for the precise control of the Co/Zn composition the growth conditions for certain amounts of cobalt doped into ZnO also were systematically studied. As a result, we have correlated the presence of ferromagnetism to film defects, results which have supported by recent theoretical calculations. Moreover, these results were corroborated by a comparative study between Co-doped ZnO films grown by ceramic and metallic targets
Al, Khawwam Anas. "Dépôt de nitrure de carbone par ablation laser IR sous atmosphère de post-décharge d'azote." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-179.pdf.
Full textBieber, Herrade. "Couches minces de ZnCoO déposées par ablation laser pulsée : effet de dopage sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6134.
Full textThe combination of the charge and the spin of the electron giving rise to the new field of spintronics, has led to the realization of new devices amongst others in the field of data storage. Till now, the major difficulty to realize such devices was to obtain spin injection of controlled spin direction into a semi-conductor. Indeed the spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a semi-conductor is restrained by the difference of resistivity in both materials. One solution consisted in making the semi-conductor ferromagnetic. Such diluted magnetic semi-conductors (DMS) are composed of a semi-conducting matrix, in which a part of the ions is replaced by magnetic ions. Co-doped zinc oxide is a promising DMS, as it is predicted a Curie temperature above room temperature for this material when doped with transition metals thus giving additional charge carriers. Nevertheless, the origin of the observed ferromagnetism in literature remains controversial. We have thus studied thin films of ZnCoO deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The study has then been focused on the influence of the polarity of charge carriers on the structural and magnetic properties of the thin films by additional doping with silver and aluminum. We have evidenced the importance of the presence of defects on the origin of the observed ferromagnetism in the thin films
Li, Hui. "Rôle d'une ablation laser in situ sur les propriétés mécaniques d'un revêtement élaboré par projection thermique." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2011.
Full textThe PROTAL® process combines a nanosecond pulsed laser treatment with thermal spraying. However, the physico-chemical effects induced by the laser irradiation have not been well clarified. This study aims at investigating the mechanisms of laser induced surface modifications and its influence on the deposit adhesion. The surface morphological modifications induced by laser were estimated by varying the laser energy density and the number of laser shots. It was shown that the laser induced modifications related to the thermalisation phenomena. It is thus noted that the laser-matter interaction depends strongly on the surface conditions and the properties of treated materials. For all materials studied in this work, the formation of craters caused by a preferential ablation appears. This phenomenon becomes more intensive by increasing the energy density or the number of shots. For titanium alloy substrates, another notable aspect was the surface smoothing effect, which is probably linked to the formation of a thin layer on the outmost surface. The laser irradiation effects on the splat flattening and on the splash phenomenon were also studied. The laser treatment which permits to generate favourable surface conditions for splat formation was highlighted. It was also shown that the splashing of the particles related to the evaporation of various surface absorbates/condensates of surface. Both the particle's energy and the substrate nature also play a role during the splat flattening process. The significant effect of this laser treatment on deposit adhesion seems related to the improvement of physical bonding because it was verified that laser treatment permits to remove various contaminants as well as oxide layers and therefore improve the deposit adhesion. However, for titanium alloy substrate, the superficial film induced by the laser seems to limit metallurgical bonding at the interface, while for aluminium alloy substrate, craters with the form of deep cavities tends to deteriorate the interfacial adhesion. Therefore, it was proposed that the choice of laser parameters is, on the one hand to clean the surface contaminants efficiently and on the other hand to avoid further damage to the substrate
Rousseau, Anthony. "Couches minces d'oxydes ferroélectriques pour les dispositifs agiles en hyperfréquences : croissance par ablation laser et caractérisations." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S123.
Full textChaoui, Nouari. "Ablation laser d'oxydes : apport de la spectrométrie de masse à la compréhension des mécanismes d'élaboration de films minces." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Chaoui.Nouari.SMZ9842.pdf.
Full textBouzrara, Hazem. "Amélioration du pressage de produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé. Cas de la betterave à sucre." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1378.
Full textFix, Thomas. "Couches minces de Sr2FeMoO6 élaborées par ablation laser pour des jonctions tunnel magnétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/FIX_Thomas_2006.pdf.
Full textWhen two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a thin insulator (or semiconductor), the electronic transport is enabled by tunnelling. This type of stack, called magnetic tunnel junction, is very promising for applications. The magnetoresistance observed in this case is called tunnel magnetoresistance. It is related to the spin polarization of the electrodes, in other words to the asymmetry of the density of states of the electrodes at Fermi energy for the two spin directions. A solution to obtain a higher spin polarization and thus a high magnetoresistance is to use half-metallic ferromagnetic oxides, for which the Fermi energy crosses an energy band for one spin direction and a band gap for the other direction. The challenge is to obtain a half-metal at room temperature. We focus on the half-metal double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6, which offers a relatively high Curie temperature, and is therefore potentially half-metallic at room temperature. The powder synthesis and the thin film deposition by pulsed laser deposition are studied using various techniques. Finally, magnetic tunnel junctions based on Sr2FeMoO6 are grown and the transport properties are examined
Hernandez-Perez, Maria de los Angeles. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de films minces élaborés par dépôt par ablation laser de molécules organiques de type acides aminés, calix-arènes et protéines." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10190.
Full textDuclere, Jean-René. "Croissance épitaxiale par ablation laser et caractérisations de couches minces du matériau ferroélectrique SrBi2Nb2O2." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10072.
Full textBrizé, Virginie. "Elaboration de céramiques CaCu3Ti4O12 à haute constante diélectrique et réalisation de condensateurs "tout oxyde" par ablation laser pulsé." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4026.
Full textThe oxide CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) shows a very high permittivity (~ 105) in a large range of temperature (100-60K) and frequencies (10Hz-1MHz). A part of this study is an atttempt to deposit "all oxide" capacitors based on CCTO using the laser on CCTO using the laser ablation technique. At first, epitaxial films of CCTO were deposited on single crystal LaA1O3(100) (LAO) after optimisation of the target sintering. Capacitors LSNO/CCTO/LSNO/LAO with LaSrNiO4 (LSNO) as electrodes were then structured in-situ by shadow-masking. In an attempt to reduce the diffusion of La and Cu and to improve the quality interface with electrode, LSNO was replaced by CaCu3Ru4O12 which was isostructural of CCTO. In a second part, CCTO in the form of pure and doped powder and thin film was studied by electron spin resonance. New results are important to understand the mechanisms giving rise to the high permittivity value
Sikora, Aurélien. "Incorporation de bore dans des films minces de « diamond-like carbon » : élaboration par ablation laser pulsé et caractérisations." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4018.
Full textThis work deals with the study of boron doped diamond-like carbon thin films elaborated by femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation. The first aim of this work consists in identifying the potential applications of these films for sensors (for example thermometers). The second aim consists in correlating the films structure and properties with the deposition processes. The first chapter focused on the constitutive elements of the films: boron and carbon. Moreover, it presents a “state of the art” about DLC thin films and the different elaboration techniques. The second chapter deals with the experimental methods used for the elaboration and the study of the thin films. The third chapter deals with the structural and morphological characterizations. It highlights the important difference of structure of the films deposited by ns and fs PLD. Moreover, it underlines the structural modification due to the boron. The fourth chapter presents the study of the electrical and mechanical properties, as well as the tribological behaviour of the films. The structure difference of the films results in large variations of resistivity but does not change much the friction coefficient. The last chapter underlines the structural heterogeneity of the pure DLC films and focuses on the specificities of their extreme surface. This one turns out to be less dense and more conductor than the global film
Goux, Ludovic. "Dépôt de (Ba,Sr) TiO3 par ablation laser pour l'intégration de condensateurs sur silicium." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4015.
Full textThis study is an attempt to deposit epitaxial films of the high-k oxide Ba0. 6Sr0. 4TiO3 (BST) on silicon, in view of the integration of high capacitances. Using the laser ablation technique, we show first of all that the dielectric constant of BST is highly increased if the film grows along the (h00) planes on single crystal SrTiO3(100). As we also confirm that the growth of BST on Pt(111)/TiOx/SiO2/Si (0x2) is not epitaxial but rather influenced by diffusion processes of titanium and oxygen, we finally try to optimize the oriented growth of the oxide La0. 9Sr1. 1NiO4 along its c-axis on silicon. This oxide is conductive (1 m. Cm) and acts as an epitaxial template for the growth of BST. Our electrical measurements indicate that the quality of the orientation of BST is still to be improved so as to obtain some excellent dielectric properties
Le, Boulbar Emmanuel. "Croissance par ablation laser pulsé de nouvelles phases d'oxyde de titane pour l'électronique transparente et la conversion de photons." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667730.
Full textGrigorescu, Sorin George. "Étude des couches nano-structurées obtenues par ablation laser pour les implants biomimétiques avancés." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GRIGORESCU_Sorin_George_2010.pdf.
Full textThe thesis main goal is the understanding and application of material laser transfer techniques applied in order to obtain a new generation of bone implants, exhibiting a better biointegration. The Ti implant thin film covering allows an improvement of the body response in respect to the implanted object. This new implant type preserves the mechanical properties of Ti but increases its integration capacity in the biological environment. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first one presents the theoretical frame: the metallic and ceramic materials appropriate for orthopedic or dental implants, the advantages of using thin films of HA, as well as the potential given by the extracellular matrix proteins. The second part describes the laser transfer techniques used within this thesis. The third part is devoted to the experimental studies: (i) the correlation between the laser ablation and thin films growth mechanisms, (ii) the study of the changes induced by the laser fluence, the improvement (iii) of the thin films crystallinity by applying a post-deposition heat treatment in water vapor and (iv) of the thin film adherence to the substrate by the interposition of a gradual layer. In the last studies, the (v) MAPLE and (vi) LDW techniques were suggested for fibronectin structures transfer in order to obtain the surfaces functionalization. The thesis is accomplished by the conclusions and perspectives
Esteve, David. "Développement d'une technique de caractérisation optique appliquée au suivi in situ de la croissance d'oxydes fonctionnels par ablation laser pulsé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112385.
Full textA fully static set up allowing in situ observation of the growth of functionnal oxides grown by pulsed laser deposition, is presented. Through the study of two model systems, those are the growth of thin films of La₀. ₆₇Sr₀. ₃₃LMnO₃ on pseudo-substrate of SrTiO₃/Si and thin layers of SrRuO₃ grown on vicinal substrate of SrTiO₃, the proposed instrumentation permit to achieve a precision about one unit cell (4Å) on thickness measurments, to extract physical parameters of the diffusion of species on the surface (activation energy of diffusion), but also observing and identifying growth modes. These results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation developped, based on the treatment of the reflectivity of multi-layers systems combined with effective medium theory
Sayed, Hassan Rodaina. "Intérêt du ferrite de cobalt dans les dispositifs magnétorésistifs : Etude structurale et magnétique de bicouches CoFe2/CoFe2O4 élaborées par ablation laser." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SAYED_HASSAN_Rodaina_2006.pdf.
Full textThis work presents the study of hard ferrimagnetic oxide (CoFe2O4) / soft ferromagnetic metal (CoFe2) bilayers elaborated by pulsed laser ablation. This system is of high interest because of the potential use of CoFe2O4 as a pinning layer in magnetoresistive devices. The first part deals with the determination of the optimal conditions for the elaboration of CoFe2O4. We study the effect of the laser energy and the reactive atmosphere on the surface state and structural properties of the films. The elaborated films have a low roughness and are well crystallised despite the low deposition temperature. In the second part, we study the exchange coupling in the (CoFe2O4)/(CoFe2) bilayers. Three different magnetic behaviours are obtained depending upon to the nature of the interface as well as on the crystallographic orientation of CoFe2O4: a shift of the minor cycle of the metal towards negative fields (ferromagnetic coupling), positive fields (antiferromagnetic coupling) or no shift at all
Roemer, Anne. "Croissance par ablation laser de films minces d'oxyde pour la réalisation de structures optiquement guidantes." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Roemer.Anne.SMZ0437.pdf.
Full textOur general thought process (démarche de la pensée) is in keeping with the general pattern of the realization of optical waveguiding thin films for integrated optoelectronic applications. The matérial of choice is lead titanate PbTiO3 (PT). This compound is widely studied and well known for its ferroelectric properties, but it has not been used yet in optical devices for which the reference material is lithium niobate LiNbO3. Nevertheless, the non linear optical coefficients of PT are promising for the generation of a blue light source from laser diodes which emit at 980 nm. If the second harmonic generation is well known and mastered for bulk materials, the transposition in thin films is still difficult. In this study, lead titanate thin films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The growth conditions on (100)MgO substrate were optimized such as substrate temperature, oxygen pressure ou laser fluence to grow oriented and epitaxial thin films with excellent structural properties and surface roughness. The waguiding properties studied by m-lines spectroscopy indicate that optical characteritics (refractive indices) of thin films are the same as the bulk's ones. The optical losses measured at 632,8 nm are lower than 1 dB/cm, which constitute the best results obtained up to now on this kind of system (PbTiO3/Substrate). Future prospects for the realization of optical waguiding structures for the generation of blue light by quasi phase matching (QPM) in integrated devices PT/MgO/Si could be considered but it requires the realization of periodic poled thin films with a resolution that actual technology couldn't realize at this time
Jaren, Sophie. "Étude de TbFe2 épitaxié par dépot laser pulsé : des couches minces aux nanostructures magnétiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10064.
Full textChmielowski, Radoslaw. "Bicouche oxyde ferroélectrique / oxyde conducteur Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 / Sr4Ru2O9 : élaboration par ablation laser, caractérisations structurales et propriétés électrique." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0007.
Full textBilayers ferroelectric oxide / conductive oxide, Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 (BLT) / Sr4Ru2O9 / Si[100] were elaborated by pulsed laser deposition. Structural characterizations were done by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction; electrical properties were measured by impedance spectroscopy and Van der Pauw’s method. It is the first time that Sr4Ru2O9 is elaborated as thin films. We have shown that Sr4Ru2O9 is a conductive oxide at high temperature and has a semiconductor behavior at low temperature. The BLT thin films have polarization out of the substrate plane. Thick films of the BLT have polarization in the plane, which corresponds to a preferential orientation (00l). An intermediate layer, based on SrTiO3, between the substrate oxide Sr4Ru2O9 and the layer of BLT, was highlighted by electron microscopy. This phase grows at the cost of the ferroelectric material
Iliescu, Monica. "Etude de la croissance de dépôts de phosphate octacalcique et d'hydroxyapatite dopée en manganèse et carbonate, obtenus par ablation laser sur du titane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13025.
Full textThis work presents a study of the structural, physicochemical and morphological properties of powders and thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of biocompatible and bioactifs compounds, namely octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with manganese and carbonate ions. The aim is to improve the biocompatibility of the bone prostheses. The work contains 7 chapters. After a description of the octacalcim phosphate and the hydroxyapatite compounds in the family of the apatite and calcium orthophosphates, the chapter 2 described the PLD technique used for the growth of OCP and doped HA thin layers. The various techniques used for material investigation and characterization, as well as the preparation techniques of transverse cut thin blades for observation by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) are presented in the chapter 3. An original part of this work is the use, for the first time, of the Focused Ion Beam technique (FIB) as preparation method of cross-section thin blades for the observation by TEM of our biological materials deposited on titanium. The chapter 4 presents the experimental results obtained following the physicochemical characterization of the OCP powders synthesized with or without poly-L-aspartate, and of HA powders doped or not with manganese and carbonate ions, while the chapter 5 was dedicated to the characterization of the thin layers of OCP and HA doped, deposited by PLD. The last results are presented in the chapter 6, which consists in a characterization study of the thin layers after degradation tests. The samples were immersed in a solution, which simulates the physiological fluids of the human body (SBF) and then characterized from the physicochemical and morphological point of view
Beaumont, Virginie. "Synthèse de films minces de NdBa2Cu7O7-delta par ablation laser : étude des mécanismes de croissance et des propriétés physiques." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2004.
Full textMoubah, Reda. "Structure et magnétisme des couches minces de cobaltite de types Ca3Co2O6 et Ca3Co4O9 déposées par ablation laser pulsée." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/MOUBAH_Reda_2010.pdf.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of structural and magne tic properties of Ca3C0206 and Ca3C0409 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on Alz03(001) substrates. This work initially involved the elaboration of polycrystalline Ca3C0206 and epitaxial Ca3C0409 thin films. Regarding the Ca3C0206 cobaltite, we were able to determine the value of the optical band gap, which is in agreement with the values obtained by theoretical studies. More interestingly, we have demonstrated that the magnetic properties are very sensitive to sample size. The magnetization plateaus observed at 2 K in Ca3C0206 thin films disappear for thin films with a thickness below 60 nm. This disappearance of the magnetization steps is accompanied by the appearance of an additional magnetic transition around 45 K. Our results are inconsistent with the quantum tunneling of magnetization as a mechanism for the origin of magnetization plateaus, and support more the predictions of Monte Carlo based models. For the Ca3C0409 films, we have determined the nature and the origin of structural defects that are often observed by transmission electron microscopy. These defects are constituted of the CaC020 4 parasitic phase. The formation of this spurious phase is due to the high deposition temperature (750 oC), the high pressure applied by the AI20 3(OOl) substrate (5. 5 GPa) and the possibility of a local non-stoichiometry of the target. These structural defects affect the magne tic properties, by reducing the coercivity and remanent magnetization with respect to those of the Ca3C0409 bulk samples
O'Brien, Daniel. "Laser ablation of a Terfenol-D (Tb0. 3Dy0. 7Fe1. 92) microparticle aerosol and subsequent supersonic nanoparticle impaction for magnetostrictive thick films." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0021.
Full textThis dissertation describes using microparticles of the (giant) magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D (Tb0. 3Dy0. 7Fe1. 92) in the Laser Ablation of Microparticle (LAM) aerosols process for the generation of nanoparticles and their subsequent supersonic impaction to form nanostructured magnetostrictive thick films. Solid Terfenol-D was ground to a powder having diameters from 0. 3 to 3 µm. This microparticle powder was then aerosolized and ablated by a KrF ultraviolet, pulsed laser in a continuously flowing aerosol process. The nanoparticles formed from the ablation were then accelerated through a supersonic nozzle into vacuum where they impacted onto a substrate at room temperature forming a film. The nanoparticles were amorphous, as shown by x-ray diffraction analysis of the deposited films and by Transmission Electron Microscopy of individual particles and had a size distribution typical of the LAM process : 3 to 20 nm in diameter with a mean size less than 10 nm. The deposited films were characterized using the cantilever method. Values of magnetostriction were on the order of 15 ppm for LAM deposited films. The observed reduced magnetostriction (1/30 that of comparable thin films) was due to oxidation, which source was identified by Spectroscopic analysis of the ablation plasma. Calculations showed that the extent of oxidation in the films was dependent on the microparticle feedstock size. For typical aerosol densities used in the LAM process, calculations showed that material made out of microparticules having a diameter larger than 3 µm was not significantly affected by background gas impurities or by an oxide shell
Shynkaryk, Mykola. "Influence de la perméabilisation membranaire par champ électrique sur la performance de séchage des végétaux." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1676.
Full textThis work aims at investigating the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) and ohmic heating (OH) pretreatment on the convective drying of a vegetal tissue. The first part deals with the effects of a thermal or moderate electric field treatments (Ed100V/cm) on the damages of sugarbeet tissues. The thermal treatment was performed within T=4070°C. The degree of material damage Z under the PEF or OH was characterized by the electrical conductivity disintegration index Z. The Arrhenius form of the relationship : characteristic damage time temperature, was observed both for the electrical and thermal processes. The electroporation phenomena is assumed to be the main reason of the material disintegration. The results showed that the electrically stimulated damage of a sugarbeet tissue occurs even below E = 20V/cm if treatment is long enough (1h, T<30°C). The energy consumption decreases with the increase of electric field strength E. Some OH experiments in aqueous media reveal the importance of the sample orientation with the external electric field regarding the damage efficiency. The second part of this work is devoted to the influence of the PEF or OH pretreatments on the convective drying of a vegetal tissue. Drying experiments for potato and beetroot disks were performed with an air velocity of 2 m. S-1 and a temperature of 30-100 °C. The drying rate was found to be maximal for highly disintegrated tissues. PEF and OH pre-treatments allowed to reduce the drying time by 20-50 % or to reduce the drying temperature of 20-30°C. The data show that a thermal pre-treatment of potatoes samples at high temperatures (T=70°C, 1h) does not improve the drying rate. A soft pre-heating (T=50°C, 4h) is more efficient and allows to reach diffusion coefficients Deff similar to that obtained with PEF or OH pretreatments. Such pre-treatments results in a higher tissue shrinkage and thus an increase of rehydration time. However, the textural properties of rehydrated samples with and without any pre-treatment look quite similar. Eventually, it was also demonstrated that if the drying (at moderate temperature) is carried out after a PEF, the colorants of red beetroot are much more preserved
Gault, Baptiste. "Physique de l’évaporation par effet de champ assistée par impulsions laser ultracourtes : Application à la sonde atomique." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES047.
Full textThe tomographic atom probe is an analytical microscope able to map the atom distribution in three dimensions with a near-atomic resolution. The atoms are chemically identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This technique could become a key-tool in the development of the future devices of the nanoelectronics. However, the field of applications is limited to good conducting material. This work is the first stage of the development of a new generation of laser assisted atom probe, that could analyse either good or poorly conducting material, with an enhanced field of view. We studied the physics of the interaction between an ultrafast laser pulse and a sub-wavelength metal tip, in order to determine the process that provokes the ultrafast laser assisted field evaportaion. Through a complete study of the laser ablation or of the field enhancement phenomenon, we put into evidence that the evaporation was due to a surface second-order non-linear optical effect called optical rectification. The heating and cooling of the illuminated tip was modelled and experimentally studied by a pump-probe method. Finally, the performances of this new instrument are discussed : the spatial resolution is kept, and the mass resolution is generally greatly increased. It seems that poorly conducting material can also be analysed
Rodriguez, Patricia. "Caractérisation moléculaire de chlamydia trachomatis : étude du polymorphisme et séquençage du gène omp1, et étude du génome total par électrophorèse en champ pulsé." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28255.
Full textGardye, Carole. "Etude par électrophorèse en champ pulsé de l'ADN chromosomique de souches de "Staphylococcus aureus" responsables d'infections persistantes chez des patients atteints de mucoviscidose." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P195.
Full textOlivier, Laurent. "Étude des propriétés physiques du Sr[indice inférieur 0,9]Nd[indice inférieur 0,1]Cu0[indice inférieur 2] en couches minces déposées par ablation laser pulsé." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/76.
Full textPopov, Anton. "Synthesis of functional nanomaterials by femtosecond laser ablation in liquids." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0065.
Full textThis thesis as aimed at the development of techniques of fs laser ablation and fragmentation in liquids for the synthesis of novel NPs having useful functionalities. The approach of the thesis is focused on the elaboration of the laser ablative technique for the synthesis of conventional materials with parameters for selected biomedical applications, as well as the development of this technique for the synthesis of novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular it includes:1. We elaborated a regime of fs laser fragmentation from Si colloids for the synthesis of Si NPs having controllable size, crystallinity and oxidation state. We tested so-prepared Si NPs a number of particular biomedial applications.2. We elaborated a technique of fs laser ablation and fragmentation to fabricate bare Au NPs and Au-Si core-shells for SERSapplications. One approache is based on laser ablation of Au target in colloidal solution of Si NPs. 3. For the first time we synthesized novel plasmonic NPs based on titanium nitride. We also showed that an additional fs laser fragmentation step leads to the decrease of NPs size to 5 nm. Besides, we found that such NPs have a very broad extinction peak in the near IR.4. For the first time we demonstrated the synthesis of fluorescent organic NPs of specially designed aggregation-induced emission luminophore (AIE LP). The brightness of such NPs was determined to be comparable to that of quantum dots
Rauwel-Buzin, Erwan. "Elaborations et caractérisations de films minces d'oxydes de manganèse Ln0. 5Ca0. 5MnO3 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm), présentant une mise en ordre des charges, déposés par ablation laser pulsé." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2072.
Full textLiu, Caiyun. "Effet du pré-traitement par champ électrique pulsé sur le séchage et la friture des légumes : cas des pommes de terre et des carottes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2467.
Full textThis research project focuses on the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on various drying and frying processes from plant products (potatoes and carrots). Interactions between different drying modes and pretreatment have been studied. The impact of PEF treatment and pre-drying by hot air or pre-drying by vacuum drying on frying kinetics and the quality of fried products were analyzed. PEF pretreatment results in electro-permeabilization of the cell membranes, which favors the acceleration of mass transfer processes. The results showed that the drying time was significantly reduced in all processes (hot air drying, microwave drying, vacuum drying). The advantage of the PEF treatment was also manifested by a decrease of the internal temperature of the product during drying. This lower temperature has a significant advantage in the preservation of heat-sensitive compounds (carotene, etc.). The dried sample pretreated by PEF could better retain the initial product color and had a reduced color deviation after rehydration. In regards to the frying process, the application of the PEF treatment showed not only an advantage in terms of the frying time but also in terms of oil content absorbed. The oil content of PEF treated sample was lower compared to untreated ones. Moreover, the combination of the PEF pretreatment and hot air pre-drying (or vacuum pre-drying) showed a synergistic efficiency on frying time and also in terms of oil content absorbed
Praporscic, Iurie. "Influence du traitement combiné par champ électrique pulsé et chauffage modéré sur les propriétés physiques et sur le comportement au pressage de produits végétaux." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1551.
Full textDifferent physical, chemical or biological treatments are used in food industry to modify the properties of the raw material within the framework of various chains of transformation. In this work we have studied an original process in order to improve the pressing of plants by pulsed electric field (PEF). The first objective of this thesis was to optimize the parameters of electric treatment and pressing (intensity of the PEF, treatment duration, moment of PEF application, pressure, size of particles, properties of treated product). This optimization was carried out for two ways of pressing: at constant pressure and at constant speed. The feasibility of pressing combined with PEF was checked at semi-industrial scale. It shows that the PEF improves the juice yield and the quality of the products extracted while reducing the power consumption. The second objective was to study the influence of a moderate thermal treatment combined to PEF on the mechanical and electro-physical properties of vegetable tissue and on its pressing behavior. Conductimetric and rheological tests proved that a moderate thermal treatment softens the tissue structure without damaging the quality of extracted products. The thermal treatment, followed by a non-thermal PEF treatment drastically increases the kinetics of pressing. The application of PEF at moderate temperature (50-55°C) reduces the threshold of the electropermeabilization and allows the use of fields with reduced intensity (< 100 V/cm). An ohmic heating at low intensities could be used as an alternative electric treatment; indeed, it permeabilizes electrically the membranes and softens thermally the cellular walls
Lemay, Noémie. "Déminéralisation de lactosérum doux par électrodialyse sous champ électrique pulsé : impact de la forme des impulsions et du ratio impulsion/pause sur l'efficacité du procédé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36618.
Full textLa polarisation de concentration et le colmatage membranaire sont deux problèmes communs en électrodialyse qui affectent l’intégrité des membranes et l’efficacité du procédé de déminéralisation du lactosérum doux. L’utilisation des champs électriques pulsés (CÉPs) est l’une des méthodes les plus prometteuses pour contrer ces phénomènes. Néanmoins, les CÉPs n’ont jamais été étudiés pour la déminéralisation de solutions alimentaires complexes comme le lactosérum doux. Sept combinaisons de CÉPs (0.1s-0.1s, 1s-0.1s, 1s-1s, 10s-0.1s, 10s-1s, 10s-10s et 100s-1s) ont été testées pour évaluer leur impact sur la déminéralisation du lactosérum doux en comparaison avec le procédé conventionnel d’électrodialyse en courant continu (CC). Par rapport au CC, il a été démontré que les CÉPs avec les plus hautes fréquences, tels que 0.1s-0.1s (5 Hz), amélioraient le taux de déminéralisation de 81 % pour le même nombre de charges transportées tout en diminuant l’énergie consommée de 20 % pour le même taux de déminéralisation. Quelle que soit la condition de CÉP testée, un gain en transfert de masse élevé a été observé au début de la période d’impulsion, ce qui causait une chute du potentiel électrique des membranes environ 10 fois plus élevée que les valeurs moyennes observées en CC. Ce gain rapide en transfert de masse, présent seulement au début de la période d’impulsion, a permis la formation de phénomènes complexes, semblables à ceux observés en régime de courant surlimite, tels qu’un glissement électroosmotique de second degré avec l’émergence de vortex électroconvectifs (VEC) et la dissociation des ions H+ des acides faibles. Les CÉPs de haute fréquence donnaient lieu à une répétition plus fréquente de ce gain, en plus d’avoir un temps de pause suffisamment court pour maintenir les vortex. Ainsi, malgré le temps de pause de la condition 0.1s-0.1s (la plus haute fréquence testée), sa durée de traitement totale a été la même que le CC pour atteindre le même taux de déminéralisation tout en diminuant les variations de pH et l’énergie consommée.
Concentration polarization phenomena and membrane fouling remain the most common problems in electrodialysis (ED) that alter irreversibly the membrane integrity and decrease the process performance. The use of pulsed electric field (PEF) in ED is one of the most promising methods to counteract these both types of limitations. Nevertheless, PEF-ED has never been studied for the demineralization of complex food solutions such as sweet whey. Seven PEF combinations (0.1s-0.1s, 1s-0.1s, 1s-1s, 10s-0,1s, 10s-1s, 10s-10s and 100s-1s) were tested to assess their impacts on the demineralization of sweet whey in comparison with the conventional continuous current (CC) process. It was shown that PEF with higher frequencies, such as 0.1s-0.1s (5 Hz), improve the demineralization rate by 81 % for the same number of charges transported while decreasing energy consumption by 20 % for the same demineralization rate in comparison with CC. Regardless of the PEF condition tested, a gain in mass transfer was observed at the beginning of the pulse lapse increasing the potential drop of membranes around 10 times higher than the average value observed in the case of CC. This high gain in mass transfer only present at the beginning of the pulse lapse allowed complex phenomena, similar to those observed in the overlimiting current regime, such as an electroosmotic slip of the second kind with the emergence of electroconvective vortices (ECV) and the dissociation of weak acids from their H+ ions. PEF conditions with higher frequencies have a more frequent repetition of this gain while having a pause lapse short enough to maintain the vortices. Hence, despite the pause lapse of the 0.1s-0.1s condition (the highest frequency tested), its duration was the same as the CC condition to reach the same demineralization rate, with lower pH variations and energy consumption.
Allouche, Billal. "Étude de composés à structure TTB en couches minces et multicouches." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0007/document.
Full textThree compounds with Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB) type struc-ture were studied as thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition from pure oxide ceramics. These compounds are Pb2KNb5O15 (PKN), GdK2Nb5O15 (GKN) and K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN). PKN and GKN correspond to the compositions (x = 0 and x = 1) selected from the solid solution Pb2(1-x)K(1+x)GdxNb5O15 (PKGN), previously studied as ceramics in LPMC. The deposition parameters were optimized to grow oriented thin films. The films were integrated in parallel plate capacitor structures in order to evaluate their electrical properties. GKN film was successfully epitaxially grown on two different substrates, MgO and STO, with different microstructures. GKN unit cell is oriented [001] and is under stress that removed the phase transition and led to resistive switching in GKN films. Promising endurance and retention performances were been demonstrated below 140°C. The obtained films suffer initially from leakage current that was reduced by thermal treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere. Indeed, leakage and resistive switching were found due to oxygen vacancies created during the deposition process. The orientation of PKN thin film was also controlled on Pt coated substrates. [001] ([530]) orientation was achieved using low (high) pressure during the growth process. Crystalline quality of KLN [001] thin film was significantly enhanced using MgO substrate. CV measurements performed on different films, demonstrate the ferroelectric properties in GKN and KLN thin films. However, Coupling GKN and BT in superlattices did not allow enhanced ferroelectric properties. Transparency of GKN and PKN films was demonstrated and their different optical parameters were determined
Abdellaoui, Nora. "Croissance, structuration et analyse de films synthétisés par PLD couplant des ions terres rares luminescents et des nanostuctures métalliques (Al, Ag) en vue d’application à la conversion spectrale UV-Visible." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10193/document.
Full textRare earth luminescent thin film offers attractive properties for down shifting application, particularly for a better adaptation of the solar spectrum to silicon solar cells. In this thesis, we studied two phosphor materials : Y2O3 doped Eu3+ and CaYAlO4 codoped Ce3+, Pr3+. One issue identified for the use of these phosphors as thin films is their low absorption coefficient. We examined two tracks during this thesis to meet these needs : (i) the plasmonic effect was studied by making films with a multilayer architecture coupling the phosphor films and aluminium or silver metallic nanostructures which have a plasmon resonance in the UV range and blue respectively ; (ii) the photonic effect was evaluated by structuring the phosphor layer by self-organization growth on macroporous membranes. We did the syntheses by pulsed laser deposition
Dureuil, Virginie. "Croissance et propriétés structurales de nanoparticules de cobalt sur alumine amorphe." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077188.
Full text